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Iwamoto K, Inoue G, Matsubara H. Structural analysis of C 8H 6˙ + fragment ion from quinoline using ion-mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17205-17212. [PMID: 38855902 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the structures of fragment ions derived from the quinoline (C9H7N) radical cation using ion-mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Ion mobility and mass analysis revealed that C8H6˙+ is the primary dissociation product resulting from the loss of HCN during collision-induced dissociation of the quinoline radical cation. The reduced mobility (K0) of the C8H6˙+ fragment product in helium gas was measured over a range of reduced electric fields (E/N = 20.8-27.4 Td) at room temperature. The experimental K0 values indicated that C8H6˙+ is a mixture of phenylacetylene and pentalene radical cations. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations revealed two potential energy surfaces delineating the loss of HCN from the quinoline radical cation to form phenylacetylene radical cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Genki Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuencho Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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2
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Reinwardt S, Cieslik P, Buhr T, Perry-Sassmannshausen A, Schippers S, Müller A, Trinter F, Martins M. Isomer-specific photofragmentation of C 3H 3+ at the carbon K-edge. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15519-15529. [PMID: 38752716 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Individual fingerprints of different isomers of C3H3+ cations have been identified by studying photoionization, photoexcitation, and photofragmentation of C3H3+ near the carbon K-edge. The experiment was performed employing the photon-ion merged-beams technique at the photon-ion spectrometer at PETRA III (PIPE). This technique is a variant of near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy, which is particularly sensitive to the 1s → π* excitation. The C3H3+ primary ions were generated by an electron cyclotron resonance ion source. C3Hn2+ product ions with n = 0, 1, 2, and 3 were observed for photon energies in the range of 279.0 eV to 295.2 eV. The experimental spectra are interpreted with the aid of theoretical calculations within the framework of time-dependent density functional theory. To this end, absorption spectra have been calculated for three different constitutional isomers of C3H3+. We find that our experimental approach offers a new possibility to study at the same time details of the electronic structure and of the geometry of molecular ions such as C3H3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Reinwardt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Cieslik
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ticia Buhr
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Leihgesterner Weg 217, 35292 Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schippers
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Leihgesterner Weg 217, 35292 Gießen, Germany
| | - Alfred Müller
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Leihgesterner Weg 217, 35292 Gießen, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Nixon CA. The Composition and Chemistry of Titan's Atmosphere. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2024; 8:406-456. [PMID: 38533193 PMCID: PMC10961852 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In this review I summarize the current state of knowledge about the composition of Titan's atmosphere and our current understanding of the suggested chemistry that leads to that observed composition. I begin with our present knowledge of the atmospheric composition, garnered from a variety of measurements including Cassini-Huygens, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and other ground- and space-based telescopes. This review focuses on the typical vertical profiles of gases at low latitudes rather than global and temporal variations. The main body of the review presents a chemical description of how complex molecules are believed to arise from simpler species, considering all known "stable" molecules-those that have been uniquely identified in the neutral atmosphere. The last section of the review is devoted to the gaps in our present knowledge of Titan's chemical composition and how further work may fill those gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor A. Nixon
- Planetary Systems Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United
States
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4
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Seaton KM, Cable ML, Stockton AM. Analytical Chemistry Throughout This Solar System. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:197-219. [PMID: 35300527 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-125416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest and most long-lived scientific pursuits of humankind has been to discover and study the planetary objects comprising our solar system. Information gained from solar system observations, via both remote sensing and in situ measurements, is inherently constrained by the analytical (often chemical) techniques we employ in these endeavors. The past 50 years of planetary science missions have resulted in immense discoveries within and beyond our solar system, enabled by state-of-the-art analytical chemical instrument suites on board these missions. In this review, we highlight and discuss some of the most impactful analytical chemical instruments flown on planetary science missions within the last 20 years, including analytical techniques ranging from remote spectroscopy to in situ chemical separations. We first highlight mission-based remote and in situ spectroscopic techniques, followed by in situ separation and mass spectrometry analyses. The results of these investigations are discussed, and their implications examined, from worlds as close as Venus and familiar as Mars to as far away and exotic as Titan. Instruments currently in development for planetary science missions in the near future are also discussed, as are the promises their capabilities bring. Analytical chemistry is critical to understanding what lies beyond Earth in our solar system, and this review seeks to highlight how questions, analytical tools, and answers have intersected over the past 20 years and their implications for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Marshall Seaton
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Morgan Leigh Cable
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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5
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Muller G, Jacovella U, Catani KJ, da Silva G, Bieske EJ. Electronic Spectrum and Photodissociation Chemistry of the 1-Butyn-3-yl Cation, H 3CCHCCH . J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2366-2371. [PMID: 32119779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The B̃1A' ← X̃1A' electronic spectra of the 1-butyn-3-yl cation (H3CCHCCH+) and the H3CCHCCH+-Ne and H3CCHCCH+-Ar complexes are measured using resonance enhanced photodissociation over the 245-285 nm range, with origin transitions occurring at 35936, 35930, and 35928 cm-1, respectively. Vibronic bands are assigned based on quantum chemical calculations and comparison of the spectra with those of the related linear methyl propargyl (H3C4H2+) and propargyl (H2C3H+) cations. The photofragment ions are C2H3+ (major) and C4H3+ (minor), with the preference for C2H3+ consistent with master equation simulations for a mechanism that involves rapid electronic deactivation and dissociation on the ground state potential energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel Muller
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - Ugo Jacovella
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - Katherine J Catani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3010
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6
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A never-ending story in the sky: The secrets of chemical evolution. Phys Life Rev 2020; 32:59-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Puzzarini C, Tasinato N, Bloino J, Spada L, Barone V. State-of-the-art computation of the rotational and IR spectra of the methyl-cyclopropyl cation: hints on its detection in space. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3431-3439. [PMID: 30110028 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04629h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent measurements by the Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer demonstrated the presence of numerous carbocations in Titan's upper atmosphere. In [Ali et al., Planet. Space Sci., 2013, 87, 96], an analysis of these measurements revealed the formation of the three-membered cyclopropenyl cation and its methyl derivatives. As a starting point of a future coordinated effort of laboratory experiments, quantum-chemical calculations, and astronomical observations, in the present work the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of the methyl-cyclopropenyl cation have been investigated by means of state-of-the-art computational approaches in order to simulate its rotational and infrared spectra. Rotational parameters have been predicted with an expected accuracy better than 0.1% for rotational constants and on the order of 1-2% for centrifugal-distortion terms. As for the infrared spectrum, despite the challenge of a large amplitude motion, fundamental transitions have been computed to a good accuracy, i.e., the uncertainties are expected to be smaller than 5-10 wavenumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Puzzarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
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López E, Ascenzi D, Tosi P, Bofill JM, de Andrés J, Albertí M, Lucas JM, Aguilar A. The reactivity of cyclopropyl cyanide in titan's atmosphere: a possible pre-biotic mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6198-6210. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Formation of possible highly reactive prebiotic molecules from protonated and non-protonated cyclopropyl cyanide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. López
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - D. Ascenzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Trento
- Italy
| | - P. Tosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Trento
- Italy
| | - J. M. Bofill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Química Orgànica
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - J. de Andrés
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - M. Albertí
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - J. M. Lucas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - A. Aguilar
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
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9
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Bouwman J, Bodi A, Hemberger P. Nitrogen matters: the difference between PANH and PAH formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29910-29917. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05830j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of the large stability of the nitrile group, the N-substituted aromatic molecule quinoline does not form in the phenyl + acrylonitrile reaction, in contrast to naphthalene formation in the isoelectronic phenyl + vinylacetylene reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Bouwman
- Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics
- Leiden Observatory
- Leiden University
- NL 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
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10
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Cernuto A, Lopes A, Romanzin C, Cunha de Miranda B, Ascenzi D, Tosi P, Tonachini G, Maranzana A, Polášek M, Žabka J, Alcaraz C. Effects of collision energy and vibrational excitation of CH 3+ cations on its reactivity with hydrocarbons: But-2-yne CH 3CCCH 3 as reagent partner. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:154302. [PMID: 29055295 DOI: 10.1063/1.4990514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The methyl carbocation is ubiquitous in gaseous environments, such as planetary ionospheres, cometary comae, and the interstellar medium, as well as combustion systems and plasma setups for technological applications. Here we report on a joint experimental and theoretical study on the mechanism of the reaction CH3+ + CH3CCCH3 (but-2-yne, also known as dimethylacetylene), by combining guided ion beam mass spectrometry experiments with ab initio calculations of the potential energy hypersurface. Such a reaction is relevant in understanding the chemical evolution of Saturn's largest satellite, Titan. Two complementary setups have been used: in one case, methyl cations are generated via electron ionization, while in the other case, direct vacuum ultraviolet photoionization with synchrotron radiation of methyl radicals is used to study internal energy effects on the reactivity. Absolute reactive cross sections have been measured as a function of collision energy, and product branching ratios have been derived. The two most abundant products result from electron and hydride transfer, occurring via direct and barrierless mechanisms, while other channels are initiated by the electrophilic addition of the methyl cation to the triple bond of but-2-yne. Among the minor channels, special relevance is placed on the formation of C5H7+, stemming from H2 loss from the addition complex. This is the only observed condensation product with the formation of new C-C bonds, and it might represent a viable pathway for the synthesis of complex organic species in astronomical environments and laboratory plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cernuto
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - Allan Lopes
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bât. 350, UMR 8000, CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud 11 and Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Claire Romanzin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bât. 350, UMR 8000, CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud 11 and Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | - Daniela Ascenzi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - Paolo Tosi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - Glauco Tonachini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, Torino I-10125, Italy
| | - Andrea Maranzana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, Torino I-10125, Italy
| | - Miroslav Polášek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Žabka
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Alcaraz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bât. 350, UMR 8000, CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud 11 and Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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11
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Zymak I, Žabka J, Polášek M, Španěl P, Smith D. A Pilot Study of Ion - Molecule Reactions at Temperatures Relevant to the Atmosphere of Titan. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2016; 46:533-538. [PMID: 27108425 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-016-9499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reliable theoretical models of the chemical kinetics of the ionosphere of Saturn's moon, Titan, is highly dependent on the precision of the rates of the reactions of ambient ions with hydrocarbon molecules at relevant temperatures. A Variable Temperature Selected Ions Flow Tube technique, which has been developed primarily to study these reactions at temperatures within the range of 200-330 K, is briefly described. The flow tube temperature regulation system and the thermalisation of ions are also discussed. Preliminary studies of two reactions have been carried out to check the reliability and efficacy of kinetics measurements: (i) Rate constants of the reaction of CH3+ ions with molecular oxygen were measured at different temperatures, which indicate values in agreement with previous ion cyclotron resonance measurements ostensibly made at 300 K. (ii) Formation of CH3+ ions in the reaction of N2+ ions with CH4 molecules were studied at temperatures within the range 240-310 K which showed a small but statistically significant decrease of the ratio of product CH3+ ions to reactant N2+ ions with reaction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illia Zymak
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Ján Žabka
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Polášek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - David Smith
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
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12
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Marchione D, McCoustra MRS. Non-covalent interaction of benzene with methanol and diethyl ether solid surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20790-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01787h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the interactions involved at the interface of binary, layered ices (benzene on methanol and on diethyl ether) by means of laboratory experiments and ab initio calculations on model clusters.
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13
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Marchione D, Thrower JD, McCoustra MRS. Efficient electron-promoted desorption of benzene from water ice surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4026-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06537b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We study the desorption of benzene from solid water surfaces during irradiation of ultrathin solid films with low energy electrons.
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14
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Ribeiro FDA, Almeida GC, Garcia-Basabe Y, Wolff W, Boechat-Roberty HM, Rocco MLM. Non-thermal ion desorption from an acetonitrile (CH3CN) astrophysical ice analogue studied by electron stimulated ion desorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:27473-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal desorption by electron impact constitutes an important route by which neutral and ionic fragments from simple nitrile-bearing ices may be delivered back to the gas-phase of astrophysical environments, contributing to the production of more complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. de A. Ribeiro
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação
| | - G. C. Almeida
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
- Departamento de Física
| | - Y. Garcia-Basabe
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza
| | - W. Wolff
- Instituto de Física
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | | | - M. L. M. Rocco
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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15
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Capron M, Bourgalais J, Abhinavam Kailasanathan RK, Osborn DL, Le Picard SD, Goulay F. Flow tube studies of the C(3P) reactions with ethylene and propylene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23833-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03918e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Product detection studies of C(3P) atom reactions with ethylene, C2H4(X1Ag) and propylene, C3H6(X1A′) are carried out in a flow tube reactor at 332 K and 4 Torr (553.3 Pa) under multiple collision conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Capron
- Institut de Physique de Rennes
- Département de Physique Moléculaire
- Astrophysique de Laboratoire
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Jérémy Bourgalais
- Institut de Physique de Rennes
- Département de Physique Moléculaire
- Astrophysique de Laboratoire
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | | | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Sébastien D. Le Picard
- Institut de Physique de Rennes
- Département de Physique Moléculaire
- Astrophysique de Laboratoire
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Fabien Goulay
- Department of Chemistry
- West Virginia University
- Morgantown
- USA
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16
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Peng Z, Carrasco N, Pernot P. Modeling of synchrotron-based laboratory simulations of Titan’s ionospheric photochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.grj.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Chemical synthesis in acetonitrile containing discharges. Insights from photoionization experiments with synchrotron radiation. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Gichuhi WK, Suits AG. Low-temperature branching ratios for the reaction of state-prepared N2(+) with acetonitrile. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:938-42. [PMID: 22175803 DOI: 10.1021/jp207096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the primary product branching ratio (BR) for the reaction of state-prepared nitrogen cation (N(2)(+)) with acetonitrile (CH(3)CN), a possible minor constituent of Titan's upper atmosphere, is reported. The ion-molecule reaction occurs in the collision region of the supersonic nozzle expansion that is characterized by a rotational temperature of 45 ± 5 K. A BR of 0.86 ± 0.01/0.14 ± 0.01 is obtained for the formation CH(2)CN(+) and the CH(3)CN(+) product ions, respectively. The reported BR overwhelmingly favors the formation of CH(2)CN(+) product channel and is consistent with a simple capture process that is accompanied by a nonresonant dissociative charge transfer reaction. The BRs are independent of the N(2) rotational levels excited. Apart from providing insights onto the dynamics of the title ion-molecule reaction, the reported BR represents the most accurate available low-temperature experimental measurement for the reaction useful to aid in the accurate modeling of Titan's nitrile chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K Gichuhi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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19
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Westlake JH, Waite JH, Mandt KE, Carrasco N, Bell JM, Magee BA, Wahlund JE. Titan's ionospheric composition and structure: Photochemical modeling of Cassini INMS data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011je003883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Moses JI, Visscher C, Keane TC, Sperier A. On the abundance of non-cometary HCN on Jupiter. Faraday Discuss 2011; 147:103-36; discussion 251-82. [PMID: 21302544 DOI: 10.1039/c003954c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using one-dimensional thermochemical/photochemical kinetics and transport models, we examine the chemistry of nitrogen-bearing species in the Jovian troposphere in an attempt to explain the low observational upper limit for HCN. We track the dominant mechanisms for interconversion of N2-NH3 and HCN-NH3 in the deep, high-temperature troposphere and predict the rate-limiting step for the quenching of HCN at cooler tropospheric altitudes. Consistent with some other investigations that were based solely on time-scale arguments, our models suggest that transport-induced quenching of thermochemically derived HCN leads to very small predicted mole fractions of hydrogen cyanide in Jupiter's upper troposphere. By the same token, photochemical production of HCN is ineffective in Jupiter's troposphere: CH4-NH3 coupling is inhibited by the physical separation of the CH4 photolysis region in the upper stratosphere from the NH3 photolysis and condensation region in the troposphere, and C2H2-NH3 coupling is inhibited by the low tropospheric abundance of C2H2. The upper limits from infrared and submillimetre observations can be used to place constraints on the production of HCN and other species from lightning and thundershock sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne I Moses
- Space Science Institute, 1602 Old Orchard Ln, Seabrook, TX 77586, USA.
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Lockyear JF, Ricketts CL, Parkes MA, Price SD. The formation of NH+following the reaction of N22+with H2. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gichuhi WK, Mebel AM, Suits AG. UV Photodissociation of Ethylamine Cation: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:13296-302. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107913p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K. Gichuhi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - A. M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Arthur G. Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Sebree JA, Kislov VV, Mebel AM, Zwier TS. Isomer specific spectroscopy of C10Hn, n = 8–12: Exploring pathways to naphthalene in Titan's atmosphere. Faraday Discuss 2010; 147:231-49; discussion 251-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c003657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mueller-Wodarg I, Yelle R. Progress in understsanding Titan's atmosphere and space environment. Preface. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2009; 367:603-605. [PMID: 19008188 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2008.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Bézard B. Composition and chemistry of Titan's stratosphere. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2009; 367:683-695. [PMID: 19019784 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2008.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Our present knowledge of the composition and chemistry of Titan's stratosphere is reviewed. Thermal measurements by the Cassini spacecraft show that the mixing ratios of all photochemical species, except ethylene, increase with altitude at equatorial and southern latitudes, reflecting transport from a high-altitude source to a condensation sink in the lower stratosphere. Most compounds are enriched at latitudes northward of 45 degrees N, a consequence of subsidence in the winter polar vortex. This enrichment is much stronger for nitriles and complex hydrocarbons than for ethane and acetylene. Titan's chemistry originates from breakdown of methane due to photodissociation in the upper atmosphere and catalytical reactions in the stratosphere, and from destruction of nitrogen both by UV photons and electrons. Photochemistry also produces haze particles made of complex refractory material, albeit at a lower rate than ethane, the most abundant gas product. Haze characteristics (vertical distribution, physical and spectral properties) inferred by several instruments aboard Cassini/Huygens are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bézard
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, 92195 Meudon, France.
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