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Pelegrin JS, Cantalapiedra JL, Gamboa S, Menéndez I, Hernández Fernández M. Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biomes are climatically and biotically distinctive macroecological units that formed over geological time scales. Their features consolidate them as ‘evolutionary scenarios’, with their own diversification dynamics. Under the concept of phylogenetic niche conservatism, we assessed, for the first time, the evolution of biome occupation in birds. We aimed to analyse patterns of adaptation to different climatic regimes and the determinant factors for colonization of emerging biomes by clades from different ancestral biomes. In this work, we reconstructed the biome occupation history of two clades of birds (Galliformes and Falconiformes) under an integrative perspective through a comprehensive review of ecological, phylogenetic, palaeontological and biogeographical evidence. Our findings for both groups are consistent with a scenario of phylogenetic biome conservatism and highlight the importance of changes in climate during the Miocene in the adaptation and evolution of climatic niches. In particular, our results indicate high biome conservatism associated with biomes situated in some of the extremes of the global climate gradient (evergreen tropical rainforest, steppe and tundra) for both bird taxa. Finally, the historical dynamics of tropical seasonal biomes, such as tropical deciduous woodlands and savannas, appear to have played a preponderant role during the diversification processes of these bird lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Pelegrin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología y Conservación de la Biodiversidad (EcoBio), Área de Biología y Programa de Maestría en Educación Ambiental y Desarrollo Sostenible, Facultades de Ciencias Básicas y Educación, Universidad Santiago de Cali , Colombia
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle , Colombia
| | - Juan L Cantalapiedra
- GloCEE – Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá , 28805, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid ), Spain
| | - Sara Gamboa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía, Geodinámica y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , C/ José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid , Spain
- Departamento de Cambio Medio Ambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC) , C/ José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid , Spain
| | - Iris Menéndez
- Departamento de Estratigrafía, Geodinámica y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , C/ José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid , Spain
- Departamento de Cambio Medio Ambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC) , C/ José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández Fernández
- Departamento de Estratigrafía, Geodinámica y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , C/ José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid , Spain
- Departamento de Cambio Medio Ambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM, CSIC) , C/ José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid , Spain
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Bellasio C, Quirk J, Ubierna N, Beerling DJ. Physiological responses to low CO 2 over prolonged drought as primers for forest-grassland transitions. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1014-1023. [PMID: 36008546 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Savannahs dominated by grasses with scattered C3 trees expanded between 24 and 9 million years ago in low latitudes at the expense of forests. Fire, herbivory, drought and the susceptibility of trees to declining atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]a) are proposed as key drivers of this transition. The role of disturbance is well studied, but physiological arguments are mostly derived from models and palaeorecords, without direct experimental evidence. In replicated comparative experimental trials, we examined the physiological effects of [CO2]a and prolonged drought in a broadleaf forest tree, a savannah tree and a savannah C4 grass. We show that the forest tree was more disadvantaged than either the savannah tree or the C4 grass by the low [CO2]a and increasing aridity. Our experiments provide insights into the role of the intrinsic physiological susceptibility of trees in priming the disturbance-driven transition from forest to savannah in the conditions of the early Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Biology of Plants under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Joe Quirk
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nerea Ubierna
- Biology of Plants under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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Rohling EJ, Yu J, Heslop D, Foster GL, Opdyke B, Roberts AP. Sea level and deep-sea temperature reconstructions suggest quasi-stable states and critical transitions over the past 40 million years. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/26/eabf5326. [PMID: 34172440 PMCID: PMC8232915 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sea level and deep-sea temperature variations are key indicators of global climate changes. For continuous records over millions of years, deep-sea carbonate microfossil-based δ18O (δc) records are indispensable because they reflect changes in both deep-sea temperature and seawater δ18O (δw); the latter are related to ice volume and, thus, to sea level changes. Deep-sea temperature is usually resolved using elemental ratios in the same benthic microfossil shells used for δc, with linear scaling of residual δw to sea level changes. Uncertainties are large and the linear-scaling assumption remains untested. Here, we present a new process-based approach to assess relationships between changes in sea level, mean ice sheet δ18O, and both deep-sea δw and temperature and find distinct nonlinearity between sea level and δw changes. Application to δc records over the past 40 million years suggests that Earth's climate system has complex dynamical behavior, with threshold-like adjustments (critical transitions) that separate quasi-stable deep-sea temperature and ice-volume states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eelco J Rohling
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Jimin Yu
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - David Heslop
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gavin L Foster
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Bradley Opdyke
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrew P Roberts
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Toussaint Fls EFA, Gillett CPDT. Rekindling Jeannel’s Gondwanan vision? Phylogenetics and evolution of Carabinae with a focus on Calosoma caterpillar hunter beetles. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Siegert MJ, Priscu JC, Alekhina IA, Wadham JL, Lyons WB. Antarctic subglacial lake exploration: first results and future plans. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2014.0466. [PMID: 26667917 PMCID: PMC4685969 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
After more than a decade of planning, three attempts were made in 2012-2013 to access, measure in situ properties and directly sample subglacial Antarctic lake environments. First, Russian scientists drilled into the top of Lake Vostok, allowing lake water to infiltrate, and freeze within, the lower part of the ice-core borehole, from which further coring would recover a frozen sample of surface lake water. Second, UK engineers tried unsuccessfully to deploy a clean-access hot-water drill, to sample the water column and sediments of subglacial Lake Ellsworth. Third, a US mission successfully drilled cleanly into subglacial Lake Whillans, a shallow hydraulically active lake at the coastal margin of West Antarctica, obtaining samples that would later be used to prove the existence of microbial life and active biogeochemical cycling beneath the ice sheet. This article summarizes the results of these programmes in terms of the scientific results obtained, the operational knowledge gained and the engineering challenges revealed, to collate what is known about Antarctic subglacial environments and how to explore them in future. While results from Lake Whillans testify to subglacial lakes as being viable biological habitats, the engineering challenges to explore deeper more isolated lakes where unique microorganisms and climate records may be found, as exemplified in the Lake Ellsworth and Vostok missions, are considerable. Through international cooperation, and by using equipment and knowledge of the existing subglacial lake exploration programmes, it is possible that such environments could be explored thoroughly, and at numerous sites, in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Siegert
- Grantham Institute and Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, South Kensington, UK
| | - John C Priscu
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - Jemma L Wadham
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - W Berry Lyons
- School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Hodgson DA, Bentley MJ, Smith JA, Klepacki J, Makinson K, Smith AM, Saw K, Scherer R, Powell R, Tulaczyk S, Rose M, Pearce D, Mowlem M, Keen P, Siegert MJ. Technologies for retrieving sediment cores in Antarctic subglacial settings. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0056. [PMID: 26667918 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulations of sediment beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet contain a range of physical and chemical proxies with the potential to document changes in ice sheet history and to identify and characterize life in subglacial settings. Retrieving subglacial sediments and sediment cores presents several unique challenges to existing technologies. This paper briefly reviews the history of sediment sampling in subglacial environments. It then outlines some of the technological challenges and constraints in developing the corers being used in sub-ice shelf settings (e.g. George VI Ice Shelf and Larsen Ice Shelf), under ice streams (e.g. Rutford Ice Stream), at or close to the grounding line (e.g. Whillans Ice Stream) and in subglacial lakes deep under the ice sheet (e.g. Lake Ellsworth). The key features of the corers designed to operate in each of these subglacial settings are described and illustrated together with comments on their deployment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A Hodgson
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK Department of Geography, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Michael J Bentley
- Department of Geography, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - James A Smith
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Julian Klepacki
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Keith Makinson
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Andrew M Smith
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Kevin Saw
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Reed Scherer
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University, 1425 West Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115-2828, USA
| | - Ross Powell
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University, 1425 West Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115-2828, USA
| | - Slawek Tulaczyk
- Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Mike Rose
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - David Pearce
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place 2, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Matt Mowlem
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Peter Keen
- Keen Marine Limited, 15 Minerva Road, East Cowes, Isle of Wight PO32 6HD, UK
| | - Martin J Siegert
- The Grantham Institute and Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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