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Abstract
Multivalent proteins and nucleic acids, collectively referred to as multivalent associative biomacromolecules, provide the driving forces for the formation and compositional regulation of biomolecular condensates. Here, we review the key concepts of phase transitions of aqueous solutions of associative biomacromolecules, specifically proteins that include folded domains and intrinsically disordered regions. The phase transitions of these systems come under the rubric of coupled associative and segregative transitions. The concepts underlying these processes are presented, and their relevance to biomolecular condensates is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit V Pappu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates (CBC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Samuel R Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates (CBC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Furqan Dar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates (CBC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mina Farag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Condensates (CBC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mrityunjoy Kar
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Shi F, Onofrio N, Chen C, Cai S, Li Y, Zhai L, Zhuang L, Xu ZL, Lau SP. Stable Liquid-Sulfur Generation on Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides toward Low-Temperature Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14412-14421. [PMID: 36001112 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical formation of liquid sulfur at room temperature on the basal plane of MoS2 has attracted much attention due to the high areal capacity and rapid kinetics of lithium-liquid sulfur chemistry. However, the liquid sulfur is converted to the solid phase once it contacts the solid sulfur crystals generated from the edge of MoS2. Thus, stable liquid sulfur cannot be formed on the entire MoS2 surface. Herein, we report entire liquid sulfur generation on hydrogen-annealed MoS2 (H2-MoS2), even under harsh conditions of large overpotentials and low working temperatures. The origins of the solely liquid sulfur formation are revealed to be the weakened interactions between H2-MoS2 and sulfur molecules and the decreased electrical polarization on the edges of the H2-MoS2. Progressive nucleation and droplet-merging growth behaviors are observed during the sulfur formation on H2-MoS2, signifying high areal capacities by releasing active H2-MoS2 surfaces. To demonstrate the universality of this strategy, other transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) annealed in hydrogen also exhibit similar sulfur growth behaviors. Furthermore, the H2 annealing treatment can induce sulfur vacancies on the basal plane and partial oxidation on the edge of TMDs, which facilitates liquid sulfur formation. Finally, liquid sulfur can be generated on H2-MoS2 flakes at an ultralow temperature of -50 °C, which provides a possible development of low-temperature lithium-sulfur batteries. This work demonstrates the potential of a pure liquid sulfur-lithium electrochemical system using functionalized two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Shi
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicolas Onofrio
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univeristé Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Chunhong Chen
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Songhua Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyong Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lyuchao Zhuang
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Long Xu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultraprecision Machining Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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3
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Oriola D, Marin-Riera M, Anlaş K, Gritti N, Sanaki-Matsumiya M, Aalderink G, Ebisuya M, Sharpe J, Trivedi V. Arrested coalescence of multicellular aggregates. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3771-3780. [PMID: 35511111 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00063f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular aggregates are known to exhibit liquid-like properties. The fusion process of two cell aggregates is commonly studied as the coalescence of two viscous drops. However, tissues are complex materials and can exhibit viscoelastic behaviour. It is known that elastic effects can prevent the complete fusion of two drops, a phenomenon known as arrested coalescence. Here we study this phenomenon in stem cell aggregates and provide a theoretical framework which agrees with the experiments. In addition, agent-based simulations show that active cell fluctuations can control a solid-to-fluid phase transition, revealing that arrested coalescence can be found in the vicinity of an unjamming transition. By analysing the dynamics of the fusion process and combining it with nanoindentation measurements, we obtain the effective viscosity, shear modulus and surface tension of the aggregates. More generally, our work provides a simple, fast and inexpensive method to characterize the mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oriola
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, PRBB Building, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Marin-Riera
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, PRBB Building, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kerim Anlaş
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, PRBB Building, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicola Gritti
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, PRBB Building, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Sanaki-Matsumiya
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, PRBB Building, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Germaine Aalderink
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, PRBB Building, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miki Ebisuya
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, PRBB Building, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - James Sharpe
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, PRBB Building, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vikas Trivedi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, PRBB Building, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Developmental Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Loke JJ, Hoon S, Miserez A. Cephalopod-Mimetic Tunable Photonic Coatings Assembled from Quasi-Monodispersed Reflectin Protein Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21436-21452. [PMID: 35476418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable dynamic camouflage ability of cephalopods arises from precisely orchestrated structural changes within their chromatophores and iridophores photonic cells. This mesmerizing color display remains unmatched in synthetic coatings and is regulated by swelling/deswelling of reflectin protein nanoparticles, which alters platelet dimensions in iridophores to control photonic patterns according to Bragg's law. Toward mimicking the photonic response of squid's skin, reflectin proteins from Sepioteuthis lessioniana were sequenced, recombinantly expressed, and self-assembled into spherical nanoparticles by conjugating reflectin B1 with a click chemistry ligand. These quasi-monodisperse nanoparticles can be tuned to any desired size in the 170-1000 nm range. Using Langmuir-Schaefer and drop-cast deposition methods, ligand-conjugated reflectin B1 nanoparticles were immobilized onto azide-functionalized substrates via click chemistry to produce monolayer amorphous photonic structures with tunable structural colors based on average particle size, paving the way for the fabrication of eco-friendly, bioinspired color-changing coatings that mimic cephalopods' dynamic camouflage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Loke
- Centre for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ali Miserez
- Centre for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637551, Singapore
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5
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Zhang Y, Yang C, Yuan S, Yao X, Chao Y, Cao Y, Song Q, Sauret A, Binks BP, Shum HC. Effects of particle size on the electrocoalescence dynamics and arrested morphology of liquid marbles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:1094-1104. [PMID: 34879587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The coalescence of bare droplets when surface tension dominates always results in one larger spherical droplet. In contrast, droplets coated with particles may be stabilized into non-spherical structures after arrested coalescence, which can be achieved by different approaches, such as changing the particle surface coverage. The size of particles coating the initial liquid marbles can be used to control the coalescence dynamics and the resulting morphology of arrested droplets. EXPERIMENT We characterized the electrocoalescence of liquid marbles coated with particles ranging from hundred nanometers to hundred micrometers. The electrocoalescence was recorded using high-speed imaging. FINDINGS When the electrocoalescence initiates, particles jam and halt the relaxation of the marbles at different stages, resulting in four possible final morphologies that are characterized using the Gaussian curvature at the neck region. The four regimes are total coalescence, arrested puddle coalescence, arrested saddle coalescence, and non-coalescence. The coalescence is initiated at the center of the contact zone, independent of the particle size. Small particles show little resistance to the coalescence, while marbles coated by large particles demonstrate a viscous-like behavior, indicated by the growth of the liquid bridge and the damping. The present study provides guidelines for applications that involve the formulation of liquid marbles with complex morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chentianyi Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Youchuang Chao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qingchun Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alban Sauret
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Bernard P Binks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Khobaib K, Mikkelsen A, Vincent-Dospital T, Rozynek Z. Electric-field-induced deformation, yielding, and crumpling of jammed particle shells formed on non-spherical Pickering droplets. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5006-5017. [PMID: 33908579 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Droplets covered with densely packed solid particles, often called Pickering droplets, are used in a variety of fundamental studies and practical applications. For many applications, it is essential to understand the mechanics of such particle-laden droplets subjected to external stresses. Several research groups have studied theoretically and experimentally the deformation, relaxation, rotation, and stability of Pickering droplets. Most of the research concerns spherical Pickering droplets. However, little is known about non-spherical Pickering droplets with arrested particle shells subjected to compressive stress. The experimental results presented here contribute to filling this gap in research. We deform arrested non-spherical Pickering droplets by subjecting them to electric fields, and study the effect of droplet geometry and size, as well as particle size and electric field strength, on the deformation and yielding of arrested non-spherical Pickering droplets. We explain why a more aspherical droplet and/or a droplet covered with a shell made of larger particles required higher electric stress to deform and yield. We also show that an armored droplet can absorb the electric stress differently (i.e., through either in-plane or out-of-plane particle rearrangements) depending on the strength of the applied electric field. Furthermore, we demonstrate that particle shells may fail through various crumpling instabilities, including ridge formation, folding, and wrinkling, as well as inward indentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khobaib
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - A Mikkelsen
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - T Vincent-Dospital
- PoreLab, The Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Z Rozynek
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland. and PoreLab, The Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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7
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Alshareedah I, Kaur T, Banerjee PR. Methods for characterizing the material properties of biomolecular condensates. Methods Enzymol 2020; 646:143-183. [PMID: 33453924 PMCID: PMC7849318 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membrane-less sub-cellular compartments that perform a plethora of important functions in signaling and storage. The material properties of biomolecular condensates such as viscosity, surface tension, viscoelasticity, and macromolecular diffusion play important roles in regulating their biological functions. Aberrations in these properties have been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders and certain types of cancer. Unraveling the molecular driving forces that control the fluid structure and dynamics of biomolecular condensates across different length- and time-scales necessitates the application of innovative biophysical methodologies. In this chapter, we discuss major experimental techniques that are widely used to study the material states and dynamics of biomolecular condensates as well as their practical and conceptual limitations. We end this chapter with a discussion on more advanced tools that are currently emerging to address the complex fluid dynamics of these condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taranpreet Kaur
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Priya R Banerjee
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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8
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Abedi S, Chen CC, Vanapalli SA. Catastrophic thermal destabilization of two-dimensional close-packed emulsions due to synchronous coalescence initiation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6032-6037. [PMID: 32519709 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms for phase separation in highly concentrated emulsions when subjected to a thermal phase transition remain to be elucidated. Here, we create a hexagonally close-packed monodisperse emulsion in 2D and show that during a cool-heat cycle, the emulsion fully destabilizes akin to phase separation. The mechanism for this catastrophic destabilization is found to be spontaneous coalescence initiation that synchronously occurs between every solidified droplet and its neighbors. This synchronous coalescence initiation establishes system-wide network connectivity in the emulsion causing large-scale destabilization. This system-wide coalescence initiation is found to be insensitive to droplet size and tested surfactants, but dependent on network connectivity and crystal content of individual droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Abedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USA.
| | - Chau-Chyun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USA.
| | - Siva A Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USA.
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9
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Thiel A, Atherton TJ, Spicer PT, Hartel RW. Aggregation in viscoelastic emulsion droplet gels with capillarity-driven rearrangements. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5506-5513. [PMID: 32495759 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arrested, or partial, coalescence of viscoelastic emulsion droplets can occur when elastic resistance to deformation offsets droplet surface area minimization. Arrest is a critical element of food and consumer product microstructure and performance, but direct studies of structural arrest and rearrangement have been carried out using only two or three droplets at a time. The question remains whether the behavior of small numbers of droplets also occurs in larger, more realistic many-droplet systems. Here we study two-dimensional aggregation and arrested coalescence of emulsions containing ∼1000 droplets and find that the restructuring mechanisms observed for smaller systems have a large effect on local packing in multidroplet aggregates, but surprisingly do not significantly alter overall mass scaling in the aggregates. Specifically, increased regions of hexagonal packing are observed as the droplet solids level, and thus elasticity, is decreased because greater degrees of capillary force-driven restructuring are possible. Diffusion-limited droplet aggregation simulations that account for the restructuring mechanisms agree with the experimental results and suggest a basis for prediction of larger-scale network properties and bulk emulsion behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Thiel
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Richard W Hartel
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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10
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Ma T, Kimura Y, Yamamoto H, Feng X, Hirano-Iwata A, Niwano M. Characterization of Bulk Nanobubbles Formed by Using a Porous Alumina Film with Ordered Nanopores. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5067-5072. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kimura
- Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0914, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Xingyao Feng
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Michio Niwano
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, 149-1 Kunimi-ga-oka, Aoba-ku, Sendai 989-3201, Japan
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11
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Chen R, Yu HW, Zeng J, Zhu L. General power-law temporal scaling for unequal-size microbubble coalescence. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:023106. [PMID: 32168553 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.023106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We systematically study the effects of liquid viscosity, liquid density, and surface tension on global microbubble coalescence using lattice Boltzmann simulation. The liquid-gas system is characterized by Ohnesorge number Oh≡η_{h}/sqrt[ρ_{h}σr_{F}] with η_{h},ρ_{h},σ, and r_{F} being viscosity and density of liquid, surface tension, and the radius of the larger parent bubble, respectively. This study focuses on the microbubble coalescence without oscillation in an Oh range between 0.5 and 1.0. The global coalescence time is defined as the time period from initially two parent bubbles touching to finally one child bubble when its half-vertical axis reaches above 99% of the bubble radius. Comprehensive graphics processing unit parallelization, convergence check, and validation are carried out to ensure the physical accuracy and computational efficiency. From 138 simulations of 23 cases, we derive and validate a general power-law temporal scaling T^{*}=A_{0}γ^{-n}, that correlates the normalized global coalescence time (T^{*}) with size inequality (γ) of initial parent bubbles. We found that the prefactor A_{0} is linear to Oh in the full considered Oh range, whereas the power index n is linear to Oh when Oh<0.66 and remains constant when Oh>0.66. The physical insights of the coalescence behavior are explored. Such a general temporal scaling of global microbubble coalescence on size inequality may provide useful guidance for the design, development, and optimization of microfluidic systems for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Chen
- Mechanical & Energy Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Huidan Whitney Yu
- Mechanical & Energy Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Jianhuan Zeng
- Mechanical & Energy Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Likun Zhu
- Mechanical & Energy Engineering Department, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana, 46202, USA
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12
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R Otazo M, Ward R, Gillies G, Osborne RS, Golding M, Williams MAK. Aggregation and coalescence of partially crystalline emulsion drops investigated using optical tweezers. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6383-6391. [PMID: 31309205 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The solid content of viscoelastic emulsion drops is known to affect their propensity for aggregation and their subsequent coalescence behaviour, where the balance between the drive to reduce surface tension and the straining of an internal viscoelastic network is able to create a plethora of stable partially-coalesced states. The latter has previously been elegantly demonstrated in synthetic systems, generated using oil containing different phase volumes of added solids, with micro-pipette experiments carried out on emulsion drops of several tens of microns in size. Herein we carry out experiments in the same spirit but aided by optical tweezers (OT) and using smaller micron-sized emulsion drops generated from milk fat. Given the size dependence of Brownian fluctuations and Laplace pressure the experimental investigation of these smaller drops is not necessarily a trivial extension of the previous work. The solid content of initially separated drops is controlled using a temperature-cycling regime in the sample preparation protocol, and subsequently the propensity for drops to remain joined or not after being brought into contact was examined. Aggregated pairs of drops were then subjected to an increase in temperature, either locally using a high-powered laser, or more globally using a custom-made Peltier temperature-controller. By heating to different degrees, the amount of fat crystals in the drops was able to be controlled, with progressively more compact partially-coalesced states, and eventually complete coalescence generated as the solid content was reduced. While in contrast to previous studies, the emulsion studied here was quite different in size and nature, and the solid content was controlled using temperature, the same underlying physics was nevertheless observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela R Otazo
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Rob Ward
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Graeme Gillies
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Private Bag 11029, Dairy Farm Rd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Reuben S Osborne
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Matt Golding
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Martin A K Williams
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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13
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Li J, Karboune S. Characterization of the composition and the techno-functional properties of mannoproteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell walls. Food Chem 2019; 297:124867. [PMID: 31253333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Broad molecular weight (MW) distribution and variability of mannan to protein ratio of purified mannoproteins (MP), isolated from yeast cell walls upon the enzymatic treatment, revealed their multiplicity. The main fraction of high-MW Agrimos®-MP1 and YCW-b-MP1' contained mannoproteins with a mannan to protein ratio of 3.5 and 6.9, respectively. Low-MW YCW-b-MP2' was mainly comprised of mannan, with a ratio of 181, whereas low-MW Agrimos®-MP2 was characterized by a ratio of 12.2. The solubility of MP1/MP2 was higher than that of MP1'/MP2'. Mannoproteins showed similar or lower solubility than mannan, and they exhibited a Newtonian behaviour. Sonication was the appropriate method for the formation of mannoproteins-based emulsions. Contrary to MP1/MP1'-based emulsions, MP2/MP2'-based ones showed higher affinity towards soybean oil than glyceryl-trioleate. pH affected the emulsifying ability of MP1/MP1'. MP1/MP1' showed similar or slightly inferior emulsifying properties than lecithin. This study is expected to broaden the applications of mannoproteins as value-added ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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14
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Hao C, Xie Z, Atherton TJ, Spicer PT. Arrested Coalescence of Viscoelastic Droplets: Ellipsoid Shape Effects and Reorientation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12379-12386. [PMID: 30239202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The stable configurations formed by two poroelastic, ellipsoid-shaped droplets during their arrested coalescence have been investigated using micromanipulation experiments. Ellipsoidal droplets are produced by millifluidic emulsification of petrolatum into a yield stress fluid that preserves their elongated shape. The liquid meniscus between droplets can transmit stress and instigate movement of the droplets, from their initial relative position, in order to minimize doublet surface energy. The action of the liquid meniscus causes the ellipsoidal droplets to undergo rolling and reorientation events because of their unique ellipsoid shape and associated variation in the surface curvature. The final configuration of the droplets is controlled by the balance between interfacial Laplace pressure and internal elasticity, as well as a constraint force that resists complete minimization of surface energy. Geometric and surface energy calculations are used to map the possible and most likely configurations of the droplet pairs. Experimental deviations from the calculations indicate the magnitude and potential origin of the constraint force resisting full equilibration. Droplet aspect ratio and elasticity are both shown to influence the degree of reorientation and stability of the droplets at energy extrema. Higher aspect ratios drive greater reorientation and better agreement with final doublet configurations predicted by energy minimization. Lower elasticity droplets undergo secondary deformations at high aspect ratios, further broadening the space of possible morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Zhaoyu Xie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Tufts University , Boston , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Timothy J Atherton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Tufts University , Boston , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Patrick T Spicer
- School of Chemical Engineering , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
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Caggioni M, Traini D, Young PM, Spicer PT. Microfluidic production of endoskeleton droplets with controlled size and shape. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Mao C, Huang Y, Yang J, Kong M, Wang Y, Yang Q, Li G. Controlling the Orientation of Droplets in Ellipsoid-Filled Polymeric Emulsions with Particle Parameters and Flow Conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10577-10587. [PMID: 28930633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of particle parameters [aspect ratio (AR) and concentration] and flow conditions (gap spacing and shear rate) on droplet orientation deformation behavior in polystyrene (PS) particle-filled binary polymeric emulsions is investigated by using a rheo-optical technique and confocal microscopy. Interesting vorticity orientation behavior is achieved by tailoring experimental conditions to yield rigid anisotropic droplets during slow confined shear flow. PS ellipsoids with a high AR are found to reside both at the fluid interface in a monolayer side-on state and inside droplets, leading to the formation of rigid anisotropic droplets because of the interfacial/bulk jamming effect at appropriate particle concentrations. In unconfined bulk samples, droplets with a vorticity orientation can also be observed under the wall migration effect and confinement effect arising from nearby droplets. However, the overly strong wall confinement effect remarkably facilitates the coalescence of vorticity-aligned droplets during slow shear, eventually leading to the formation of a long stringlike phase aligning along the flow direction. High shear rates generate refined droplets with lower particle coverage and weak rigidity, which restrain the formation of anisotropic droplets and thus suppress the droplet vorticity orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Mao
- College of polymer science and engineering, State key laboratory of polymer materials engineering of China, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of polymer science and engineering, State key laboratory of polymer materials engineering of China, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Junlong Yang
- College of polymer science and engineering, State key laboratory of polymer materials engineering of China, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of polymer science and engineering, State key laboratory of polymer materials engineering of China, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of polymer science and engineering, State key laboratory of polymer materials engineering of China, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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Dahiya P, DeBenedictis A, Atherton TJ, Caggioni M, Prescott SW, Hartel RW, Spicer PT. Arrested coalescence of viscoelastic droplets: triplet shape and restructuring. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2686-2697. [PMID: 28332667 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02830f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The stability of shapes formed by three viscoelastic droplets during their arrested coalescence has been investigated using micromanipulation experiments. Addition of a third droplet to arrested droplet doublets is shown to be controlled by the balance between interfacial pressures driving coalescence and internal elasticity that resists total consolidation. The free fluid available within the droplets controls the transmission of stress during droplet combination and allows connections to occur via formation of a neck between the droplets. The anisotropy of three-droplet systems adds complexity to the symmetric case of two-droplet aggregates because of the multiplicity of orientations possible for the third droplet. When elasticity dominates, the initial orientation of the third droplet is preserved in the triplet's final shape. When elasticity is dominated by the interfacial driving force, the final shape can deviate strongly from the initial positioning of droplets. Movement of the third droplet to a more compact packing occurs, driven by liquid meniscus expansion that minimizes the surface energy of the triplet. A range of compositions and orientations are examined and the resulting domains of restructuring and stability are mapped based on the final triplet structure. A geometric and a physical model are used to explain the mechanism driving meniscus-induced restructuring and are related to the impact of these phenomena on multiple droplet emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Dahiya
- Complex Fluids Group, School Chem. Eng., UNSW Australia, Australia.
| | | | | | - Marco Caggioni
- Complex Fluid Microstructures, Procter & Gamble Co., USA
| | | | - Richard W Hartel
- Food Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Patrick T Spicer
- Complex Fluids Group, School Chem. Eng., UNSW Australia, Australia.
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Jaquet B, Lazzari S, Colonna L, Colombo G, Soos M, Morbidelli M. Effects of Coalescence on Shear-Induced Gelation of Colloids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1180-1188. [PMID: 28135093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Shearing lyophobic colloidal suspensions can lead to aggregation, followed by gelation, if the formed clusters grow to sizes large enough to percolate. If the temperature is set over the glass transition temperature of the suspended material, the particles embedded in the same aggregate start to coalesce with one another. Coalescence occurs to the finite viscosity of the particles' material, which leads to material diffusion from particle to particle. The driving force of this process is the reduction of the particle-dispersant interface and, as a consequence, the decrease the center-to-center separation of the particles. This leads to decreased cluster size, and hence a delayed gelation. Simultaneously, coalescence reinforces the particle-particle bonds formed upon aggregation, leading to clusters that are able to resist higher hydrodynamic forces before breaking up, hence leading to faster gelation. These two competing effects, combined with the natural complexity of colloidal aggregation makes it rather difficult to understand and predict which trend becomes dominant. In the present work, the shear-induced gelation of model polymeric colloidal systems with different glass transition temperatures has been studied. Starting with their interaction potential we investigate the impact of temperature on the gel time in concentrated suspensions (φ = 5%) under steady shear, followed by the effect of temperature on the stress-resistance of fully destabilized clusters under agitation. The results of the present work allow for a systematic view and deepened understanding of the factors governing shear-induced gelation in the presence of coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Jaquet
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Lazzari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Luca Colonna
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Colombo
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Soos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Brooks NJ, Cates ME, Clegg PS, Lips A, Poon WCK, Seddon JM. Soft interfacial materials: from fundamentals to formulation. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0135. [PMID: 27298436 PMCID: PMC4920283 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Soft interfacial materials: from fundamentals to formulation’.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M E Cates
- DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - P S Clegg
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - A Lips
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - W C K Poon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - J M Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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