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Li M, Mao A, Guan Q, Saiz E. Nature-inspired adhesive systems. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8240-8305. [PMID: 38982929 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00764b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Many organisms in nature thrive in intricate habitats through their unique bio-adhesive surfaces, facilitating tasks such as capturing prey and reproduction. It's important to note that the remarkable adhesion properties found in these natural biological surfaces primarily arise from their distinct micro- and nanostructures and/or chemical compositions. To create artificial surfaces with superior adhesion capabilities, researchers delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of these captivating adhesion phenomena to draw inspiration. This article provides a systematic overview of various biological surfaces with different adhesion mechanisms, focusing on surface micro- and nanostructures and/or chemistry, offering design principles for their artificial counterparts. Here, the basic interactions and adhesion models of natural biological surfaces are introduced first. This will be followed by an exploration of research advancements in natural and artificial adhesive surfaces including both dry adhesive surfaces and wet/underwater adhesive surfaces, along with relevant adhesion characterization techniques. Special attention is paid to stimulus-responsive smart artificial adhesive surfaces with tunable adhesive properties. The goal is to spotlight recent advancements, identify common themes, and explore fundamental distinctions to pinpoint the present challenges and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Anran Mao
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qingwen Guan
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Eduardo Saiz
- Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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2
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Wang S, Fan J, Liu Y. Simulation Analysis of Frog-Inspired Take-Off Performance Based on Different Structural Models. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:168. [PMID: 38534853 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The frog-inspired jumping robot is an interesting topic in the field of biomechanics and bionics. However, due to the frog's explosive movement and large range of joint motion, it is very difficult to make their structure completely bionic. To obtain the optimal jumping motion model, the musculoskeletal structure, jumping movement mechanism, and characteristics of frogs are first systematically analyzed, and the corresponding structural and kinematic parameters are obtained. Based on biological characteristics, a model of the articular bone structure is created, which can fully describe the features of frog movement. According to the various factors affecting the frog's jumping movement, mass and constraints are added, and the complex biological joint structure is simplified into four different jumping structure models. The jumping ground reaction force, velocity, and displacement of the center of mass, joint torque, and other motion information of these four models are obtained through ADAMS simulation to reveal the jumping movement mechanism and the influencing factors of frogs. Finally, various motion features are analyzed and compared to determine the optimal structural model of the comprehensive index, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of the frog-inspired jumping robot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jizhuang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yubin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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3
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Ortega-Jimenez VM, Jusufi A, Brown CE, Zeng Y, Kumar S, Siddall R, Kim B, Challita EJ, Pavlik Z, Priess M, Umhofer T, Koh JS, Socha JJ, Dudley R, Bhamla MS. Air-to-land transitions: from wingless animals and plant seeds to shuttlecocks and bio-inspired robots. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2023; 18:051001. [PMID: 37552773 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acdb1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations of wingless animals, including jumping nematodes, springtails, insects, and wingless vertebrates like geckos, snakes, and salamanders, have shown that their adaptations and body morphing are essential for rapid self-righting and controlled landing. These skills can reduce the risk of physical damage during collision, minimize recoil during landing, and allow for a quick escape response to minimize predation risk. The size, mass distribution, and speed of an animal determine its self-righting method, with larger animals depending on the conservation of angular momentum and smaller animals primarily using aerodynamic forces. Many animals falling through the air, from nematodes to salamanders, adopt a skydiving posture while descending. Similarly, plant seeds such as dandelions and samaras are able to turn upright in mid-air using aerodynamic forces and produce high decelerations. These aerial capabilities allow for a wide dispersal range, low-impact collisions, and effective landing and settling. Recently, small robots that can right themselves for controlled landings have been designed based on principles of aerial maneuvering in animals. Further research into the effects of unsteady flows on self-righting and landing in small arthropods, particularly those exhibiting explosive catapulting, could reveal how morphological features, flow dynamics, and physical mechanisms contribute to effective mid-air control. More broadly, studying apterygote (wingless insects) landing could also provide insight into the origin of insect flight. These research efforts have the potential to lead to the bio-inspired design of aerial micro-vehicles, sports projectiles, parachutes, and impulsive robots that can land upright in unsteady flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Ortega-Jimenez
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - Ardian Jusufi
- Soft Kinetic Group, Engineering Sciences Department, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Institutes for Neuroinformatics and Palaeontology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Christian E Brown
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Science Center 110, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Science Center 110, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Sunny Kumar
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States of America
| | - Robert Siddall
- Aerial Robotics Lab, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Baekgyeom Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Elio J Challita
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States of America
| | - Zoe Pavlik
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - Meredith Priess
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - Thomas Umhofer
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - John J Socha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Robert Dudley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Science Center 110, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - M Saad Bhamla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States of America
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4
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Shi Z, Zhu B, Wang Z, Xiao K, Wang Y, Xue L. Robust and Elevated Adhesion and Anisotropic Friction in a Bioinspired Bridged Micropillar Array. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3784-3791. [PMID: 36848498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired structured adhesives have promising applications in the fields of robotics, electronics, medical engineering, and so forth. The strong adhesion and friction as well as the durability of bioinspired hierarchical fibrillar adhesives are essential for their applications, which require fine submicrometer structures to stay stable during repeated use. Here, we develop a bioinspired bridged micropillars array (BP), which realizes a 2.18-fold adhesion and a 2.02-fold friction as compared to that of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) original micropillar arrays. The aligned bridges offer BP strong anisotropic friction. The adhesion and friction of BP can be finely regulated by changing the modulus of the bridges. Moreover, BP shows strong adaptability to surface curvature (ranging from 0 to 800 m-1), excellent durability over 500 repeating cycles of attachment/detachment, and self-cleaning ability. This study presents a novel approach for designing robust structured adhesives with strong and anisotropic friction, which may find applications in areas such as climbing robots and cargo transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhekun Shi
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kangjian Xiao
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Longjian Xue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430205, China
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5
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Sharma SK, Grewal HS. Tribological Behavior of Bioinspired Surfaces. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010062. [PMID: 36810393 PMCID: PMC9944884 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy losses due to various tribological phenomena pose a significant challenge to sustainable development. These energy losses also contribute toward increased emissions of greenhouse gases. Various attempts have been made to reduce energy consumption through the use of various surface engineering solutions. The bioinspired surfaces can provide a sustainable solution to address these tribological challenges by minimizing friction and wear. The current study majorly focuses on the recent advancements in the tribological behavior of bioinspired surfaces and bio-inspired materials. The miniaturization of technological devices has increased the need to understand micro- and nano-scale tribological behavior, which could significantly reduce energy wastage and material degradation. Integrating advanced research methods is crucial in developing new aspects of structures and characteristics of biological materials. Depending upon the interaction of the species with the surrounding, the present study is divided into segments depicting the tribological behavior of the biological surfaces inspired by animals and plants. The mimicking of bio-inspired surfaces resulted in significant noise, friction, and drag reduction, promoting the development of anti-wear and anti-adhesion surfaces. Along with the reduction in friction through the bioinspired surface, a few studies providing evidence for the enhancement in the frictional properties were also depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Sharma
- Surface Science and Tribology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harpreet Singh Grewal
- Surface Science and Tribology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Advances in Hemostatic Hydrogels That Can Adhere to Wet Surfaces. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010002. [PMID: 36661770 PMCID: PMC9858274 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, uncontrolled bleeding remains a serious problem in emergency, surgical and battlefield environments. Despite the specific properties of available hemostatic agents, sealants, and adhesives, effective hemostasis under wet and dynamic conditions remains a challenge. In recent years, polymeric hydrogels with excellent hemostatic properties have received much attention because of their adjustable mechanical properties, high porosity, and biocompatibility. In this review, to investigate the role of hydrogels in hemostasis, the mechanisms of hydrogel hemostasis and adhesion are firstly elucidated, the adhesion design strategies of hemostatic hydrogels in wet environments are briefly introduced, and then, based on a comprehensive literature review, the studies and in vivo applications of wet-adhesive hemostatic hydrogels in different environments are summarized, and the improvement directions of such hydrogels in future studies are proposed.
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7
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Li W, Yang X, Lai P, Shang L. Bio-inspired adhesive hydrogel for biomedicine-principles and design strategies. SMART MEDICINE 2022; 1:e20220024. [PMID: 39188733 PMCID: PMC11235927 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The adhesiveness of hydrogels is urgently required in various biomedical applications such as medical patches, tissue sealants, and flexible electronic devices. However, biological tissues are often wet, soft, movable, and easily damaged. These features pose difficulties for the construction of adhesive hydrogels for medical use. In nature, organisms adhere to unique strategies, such as reversible sucker adhesion in octopuses and nontoxic and firm catechol chemistry in mussels, which provide many inspirations for medical hydrogels to overcome the above challenges. In this review, we systematically classify bioadhesion strategies into structure-related and molecular-related ones, which cover almost all known bioadhesion paradigms. We outline the principles of these strategies and summarize the corresponding designs of medical adhesive hydrogels inspired by them. Finally, conclusions and perspectives concerning the development of this field are provided. For the booming bio-inspired adhesive hydrogels, this review aims to summarize and analyze the various existing theories and provide systematic guidance for future research from an innovative perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Li
- Zhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- Zhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Puxiang Lai
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Luoran Shang
- Zhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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8
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Liu Q, Meng F, Tan D, Shi Z, Zhu B, Xiao K, Xue L. Gradient Micropillar Array Inspired by Tree Frog for Robust Adhesion on Dry and Wet Surfaces. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040209. [PMID: 36412737 PMCID: PMC9680249 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong adhesion on dry and wet surfaces and the durability of bioinspired hierarchical fibrillar adhesives are critical for their applications. However, the critical design for the strong adhesion normally depends on fine sub-micron structures which could be damaged during repeat usage. Here, we develop a tree frog-inspired gradient composite micropillars array (GP), which not only realizes a 2.3-times dry adhesion and a 5.6-times wet adhesion as compared to the pure polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillars array (PP), but also shows excellent durability over 200 repeating cycles of attachment/detachment and self-cleaning ability. A GP consists of stiffer tips and softer roots by incorporating gradient dispersed CaCO3 nanoparticles in PDMS micropillar stalks. The modulus gradient along the micropillar height facilitates the contact formation and enhances the maximum stress during the detaching. The study here provides a new design strategy for robust adhesives for practical applications in the fields of robotics, electronics, medical engineering, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute of Special Polymer Research, Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Roulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Fandong Meng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Di Tan
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (L.X.)
| | - Zhekun Shi
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kangjian Xiao
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Longjian Xue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (D.T.); (L.X.)
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9
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Vallet Y, Laurent C, Bertholdt C, Rahouadj R, Morel O. Analysis of suction-based gripping strategies in wildlife towards future evolutions of the obstetrical suction cup. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 17:061003. [PMID: 36206746 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac9878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of obstetrical suction cups used for vacuum assisted delivery has not substantially evolved through history despite of its inherent limitations. The associated challenges concern both the decrease of risk of soft tissue damage and failure of instrumental delivery due to detachment of the cup. The present study firstly details some of the suction-based strategies that have been developed in wildlife in order to create and maintain an adhesive contact with potentially rough and uneven substratum in dry or wet environments. Such strategies have permitted the emergence of bioinspired suction-based devices in the fields of robotics or biomedical patches that are briefly reviewed. The objective is then to extend the observations of such suction-based strategies toward the development of innovative medical suction cups. We firstly conclude that the overall design, shape and materials of the suction cups could be largely improved. We also highlight that the addition of a patterned surface combined with a viscous fluid at the interface between the suction cup and scalp could significantly limit the detachment rate and the differential pressure required to exert a traction force. In the future, the development of a computational model including a detailed description of scalp properties should allow to experiment various designs of bioinspired suction cups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Vallet
- CNRS UMR 7239 LEM3-Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - C Laurent
- CNRS UMR 7239 LEM3-Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - C Bertholdt
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-NANCY, Pôle de la Femme, F-54000 Nancy, France
- IADI, INSERM U1254, Rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - R Rahouadj
- CNRS UMR 7239 LEM3-Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - O Morel
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-NANCY, Pôle de la Femme, F-54000 Nancy, France
- IADI, INSERM U1254, Rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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10
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Zhang Y, Wan X, Xu X, Teng P, Wang S. Recent progress of tree frog toe pads inspired wet adhesive materials. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interface Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xizi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interface Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interface Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Peicheng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interface Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interface Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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11
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Metal deposition and shape reproduction at biological temperatures on cell-level samples. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13328. [PMID: 35922439 PMCID: PMC9349294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of metal deposition has been limited to a limited number of applicable samples due to the increased temperature caused by accelerated electron impact on the substrate surface. The surfaces of various biological samples have a nanoscale structure with specific properties, which have been simulated in numerous studies. However, no examples of nano/microscale reproductions of biological surface features have used moulds. In this study, a mould that imitates the surface shape of a cellular-level biological material was fabricated, for the first time, and the shape was successfully reproduced using the mould. Al thin films were deposited on bovine sperm using magnetron sputtering without thermal denaturation with a cathode operating at a biological temperature. It is difficult to deposit films used as metal coatings on pre-treated biological materials at temperatures below 40 °C during evaporation. The Al thin film was peeled off and used as a mould to reproduce the shape of the sperm with high accuracy using a polymer. The results of this study represent a major innovation in reproducible biomimetic moulding technology, demonstrating biological temperature sputtering. We expect our non-destructive metal deposition and metal nano-moulding methods for biological samples to be the basis for the effective utilization of various biological structures.
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12
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Shi Z, Tan D, Wang Z, Xiao K, Zhu B, Meng F, Liu Q, Wang X, Xue L. Switchable Adhesion on Curved Surfaces Mimicking the Coordination of Radial-Oriented Spatular Tips and Motion of Gecko Toes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31448-31454. [PMID: 35763590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspired structured adhesives have promising applications in many fields, like biomedicine, robotics, and aerospace. However, achieving robust and switchable adhesion in structured adhesives on non-planar surfaces remains highly challenging. Inspired by the gripping and rolling motions of gecko toes, a strong and switchable adhesive, which comprises a pillar array with radial-oriented spatular tips and is named as PROST, is developed. PROST possesses a robust adhesion on flat surfaces and doubles its adhesion on curved surfaces. Moreover, in situ and fast adhesion switching of PROST on flat/curved surfaces in dry and wet conditions has been realized by solvent stimulation, mimicking the bending locomotion of gecko toes. The work here provides a new strategy for designing controllable adhesion on curved substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhekun Shi
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Di Tan
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kangjian Xiao
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fandong Meng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Quan Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Noise and Vibration, National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration and Noise, Nava University of Engineer, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Longjian Xue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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13
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Dent F, Harbottle D, Warren NJ, Khodaparast S. Temporally Arrested Breath Figure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27435-27443. [PMID: 35658418 PMCID: PMC9204694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since its original conception as a tool for manufacturing porous materials, the breath figure method (BF) and its variations have been frequently used for the fabrication of numerous micro- and nanopatterned functional surfaces. In classical BF, reliable design of the final pattern has been hindered by the dual role of solvent evaporation to initiate/control the dropwise condensation and induce polymerization, alongside the complex effects of local humidity and temperature influence. Herein, we provide a deterministic method for reliable control of BF pore diameters over a wide range of length scales and environmental conditions. To this end, we employ an adapted methodology that decouples cooling from polymerization by using a combination of initiative cooling and quasi-instantaneous UV curing to deliberately arrest the desired BF patterns in time. Through in situ real-time optical microscopy analysis of the condensation kinetics, we demonstrate that an analytically predictable self-similar regime is the predominant arrangement from early to late times O(10-100 s), when high-density condensation nucleation is initially achieved on the polymer films. In this regime, the temporal growth of condensation droplets follows a unified power law of D ∝ t. Identification and quantitative characterization of the scale-invariant self-similar BF regime allow fabrication of programmed pore size, ranging from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers, at high surface coverage of around 40%. Finally, we show that temporal arresting of BF patterns can be further extended for selective surface patterning and/or pore size modulation by spatially masking the UV curing illumination source. Our findings bridge the gap between fundamental knowledge of dropwise condensation and applied breath figure patterning techniques, thus enabling mechanistic design and fabrication of porous materials and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis
J. Dent
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
| | - David Harbottle
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K.
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14
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Xiao Z, Zhao Q, Niu Y, Zhao D. Adhesion advances: from nanomaterials to biomimetic adhesion and applications. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3447-3464. [PMID: 35470362 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of adhesion has revealed a significant impact on numerous applications such as wound healing, drug delivery, electrically conductive adhesive, dental adhesive, and wood industry. Nanotechnology has continued to be the primary means to achieve adhesion. Among them, biological systems based on the unique structure of the nano-levels have developed excellent adhesion capabilities after billions of years of evolution and natural selection. Therefore, the research on bionic adhesion inspired by biological systems has gradually emerged. This review firstly focuses on the mechanism of adhesion, and secondly reports the effects of different nanomaterials on adhesion properties. Then based on the structure of mussels, geckos, tree frogs, octopuses, and other organisms, the research progress of biomimetic nanotechnology to achieve adhesion is summarized. Finally, the applications, challenges, and future directions of nanotechnology in new adhesive materials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qixuan Zhao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
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15
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Sandoval JA, Xu T, Adibnazari I, Deheyn DD, Tolley MT. Combining Suction and Friction to Stabilize a Soft Gripper to Shear and Normal Forces, for Manipulation of Soft Objects in Wet Environments. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3149306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Wang Y, Hensel R, Arzt E. Attachment of bioinspired microfibrils in fluids: transition from a hydrodynamic to hydrostatic mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220050. [PMID: 35382580 PMCID: PMC8984370 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible and switchable adhesion of elastomeric microstructures has attracted significant interest in the development of grippers for object manipulation. Their applications, however, have often been limited to dry conditions and adhesion of such deformable microfibrils in the fluid environment is less understood. In the present study, we performed adhesion tests in silicone oil using single cylindrical microfibrils of a flat-punch shape with a radius of 80 µm. Stiff fibrils were created using three-dimensional printing of an elastomeric resin with an elastic modulus of 500 MPa, and soft fibrils, with a modulus of 3.3 MPa, were moulded in polyurethane. Our results suggest that adhesion is dominated by hydrodynamic forces, which can be maximized by stiff materials and high retraction velocities, in line with theoretical predictions. The maximum pull-off stress of stiff cylindrical fibrils is 0.6 MPa, limited by cavitation and viscous fingering, occurring at retraction velocities greater than 2 µm s-1. Next, we add a mushroom cap to the microfibrils, which, in the case of the softer material, deforms upon retraction and leads to a transition to a hydrostatic suction regime with higher pull-off stresses ranging from 0.7 to 0.9 MPa. The effects of elastic modulus, fibril size and viscosity for underwater applications are illustrated in a mechanism map to provide guidance for design optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - René Hensel
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eduard Arzt
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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17
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Büscher TH, Gorb SN. Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:725-743. [PMID: 34354900 PMCID: PMC8290099 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive pads are functional systems with specific micro- and nanostructures which evolved as a response to specific environmental conditions and therefore exhibit convergent traits. The functional constraints that shape systems for the attachment to a surface are general requirements. Different strategies to solve similar problems often follow similar physical principles, hence, the morphology of attachment devices is affected by physical constraints. This resulted in two main types of attachment devices in animals: hairy and smooth. They differ in morphology and ultrastructure but achieve mechanical adaptation to substrates with different roughness and maximise the actual contact area with them. Species-specific environmental surface conditions resulted in different solutions for the specific ecological surroundings of different animals. As the conditions are similar in discrete environments unrelated to the group of animals, the micro- and nanostructural adaptations of the attachment systems of different animal groups reveal similar mechanisms. Consequently, similar attachment organs evolved in a convergent manner and different attachment solutions can occur within closely related lineages. In this review, we present a summary of the literature on structural and functional principles of attachment pads with a special focus on insects, describe micro- and nanostructures, surface patterns, origin of different pads and their evolution, discuss the material properties (elasticity, viscoelasticity, adhesion, friction) and basic physical forces contributing to adhesion, show the influence of different factors, such as substrate roughness and pad stiffness, on contact forces, and review the chemical composition of pad fluids, which is an important component of an adhesive function. Attachment systems are omnipresent in animals. We show parallel evolution of attachment structures on micro- and nanoscales at different phylogenetic levels, focus on insects as the largest animal group on earth, and subsequently zoom into the attachment pads of the stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) to explore convergent evolution of attachment pads at even smaller scales. Since convergent events might be potentially interesting for engineers as a kind of optimal solution by nature, the biomimetic implications of the discussed results are briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies H Büscher
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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18
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Nosaka M, Tsujioka K, Matsuo Y, Okamatsu T, Arita T, Shimomura M, Hirai Y. Effect of the Microstructures on Vulcanized Rubber Frictions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6459-6467. [PMID: 34003659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vulcanized rubber is widely used in a wide range of applications because of its flexibility, durability, sealing properties, and high degree of friction. However, this high degree of friction can also become an issue, as it leads to the wearing and breakage of parts. In this report, we investigated the effects of the vulcanized rubber microstructures on friction force by using simple, anisotropic microstructures. The line and space master microstructures were prepared from a photoresist, and the structures were transferred to PDMS, PSt, and then Ni. After surface modification of the Ni microstructures by TEOS, the vulcanized rubber microstructures were fabricated by a simple hot press process with the TEOS-coated Ni microstructure molds. The structural parameters of the vulcanized rubber line and space microstructures were found to be successfully varied by elongation, and the structural deformations were also investigated by FEM simulations. Measurements of the frictional force of the vulcanized rubber microstructures revealed the friction coefficient was reduced by the surface microstructures and was affected by the directions of the contact because of the microstructure anisotropy. The reason for of these results can be explained by the changes in the contact area and hysteresis friction. These results suggest that the friction coefficients of vulcanized rubbers can be reduced by the simple surface microstructures that are applicable to a wide range of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanaru Nosaka
- Graduate school of Photonics Science, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), 758-65, Bibi, Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tsujioka
- Graduate school of Photonics Science, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), 758-65, Bibi, Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Matsuo
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 011-0021, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okamatsu
- the Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd, 2-1, Oiwake, Hiratsuka 254-8601, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Arita
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shimomura
- Graduate school of Photonics Science, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), 758-65, Bibi, Chitose 066-8655, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Bibi 758-65, Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Yuji Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Bibi 758-65, Chitose 066-8655, Japan
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19
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Tree frog-inspired nanopillar arrays for enhancement of adhesion and friction. Biointerphases 2021; 16:021001. [PMID: 33706530 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired structure adhesives have received increasing interest for many applications, such as climbing robots and medical devices. Inspired by the closely packed keratin nanopillars on the toe pads of tree frogs, tightly arranged polycaprolactone nanorod arrays are prepared by mold process and chemical modification. Nanorod arrays show enhanced adhesion and friction on both smooth and rough surfaces compared to the arrays with hexagonal micropillars. The bonding of nanorods results in a larger stiffness of the nanorod surface, contributing mainly to friction rather than adhesion. The results suggest the function of closely packed keratin nanopillars on the toe pad of tree frogs and offer a guiding principle for the designing of new structured adhesives with strong attaching abilities.
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20
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Sullivan T, O’Callaghan I. Recent Developments in Biomimetic Antifouling Materials: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:E58. [PMID: 33143169 PMCID: PMC7709699 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'biomimetic' might be applied to any material or process that in some way reproduces, mimics, or is otherwise inspired by nature. Also variously termed bionic, bioinspired, biological design, or even green design, the idea of adapting or taking inspiration from a natural solution to solve a modern engineering problem has been of scientific interest since it was first proposed in the 1960s. Since then, the concept that natural materials and nature can provide inspiration for incredible breakthroughs and developments in terms of new technologies and entirely new approaches to solving technological problems has become widely accepted. This is very much evident in the fields of materials science, surface science, and coatings. In this review, we survey recent developments (primarily those within the last decade) in biomimetic approaches to antifouling, self-cleaning, or anti-biofilm technologies. We find that this field continues to mature, and emerging novel, biomimetic technologies are present at multiple stages in the development pipeline, with some becoming commercially available. However, we also note that the rate of commercialization of these technologies appears slow compared to the significant research output within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sullivan
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 TK30 Cork, Ireland;
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10 Cork, Ireland
| | - Irene O’Callaghan
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 TK30 Cork, Ireland;
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
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21
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Chudak M, Chopra V, Hensel R, Darhuber AA. Elastohydrodynamic Dewetting of Thin Liquid Films: Elucidating Underwater Adhesion of Topographically Patterned Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11929-11937. [PMID: 32903008 PMCID: PMC7558345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In underwater adhesion of a topographically patterned surface with a very soft material such as human skin, the elastic deformation can be large enough to achieve solid-on-solid contact not only on top of the hills but also in the valleys of the substrate topography. In this context, we have studied the dynamics of dewetting of a thin liquid film confined between a rigid, periodic micropillar array and a soft, elastic sphere. In our experiments, we observed two very distinct dewetting morphologies. For large ratios of array period to micropillar height and width, the dewetted areas tend to have a diamond-like shape and expand with a rate similar to a flat, unpatterned substrate. When the array period is reduced, the morphology of the dry spot becomes irregular and its expansion rate is significantly reduced. We developed a fully coupled numerical model of the dewetting process that reproduces the key features observed in experiments. Moreover, we performed contact mechanics simulations to characterize the deformation of the elastomer and the shape of the dewetted area in a unit cell of the micropillar array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chudak
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vaishali Chopra
- INM
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - René Hensel
- INM
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Anton A. Darhuber
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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22
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Sandoval JA, Sommers J, Peddireddy KR, Robertson-Anderson RM, Tolley MT, Deheyn DD. Toward Bioinspired Wet Adhesives: Lessons from Assessing Surface Structures of the Suction Disc of Intertidal Clingfish. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45460-45475. [PMID: 32910638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The clingfish attaches to rough surfaces with considerable strength using an intricate suction disc, which displays complex surface geometries from structures called papillae. However, the exact role of these structures in adhesion is poorly understood. To investigate the relationship between papillae geometry and adhesive performance, we developed an image processing tool that analyzed the surface and structural complexity of papillae, which we then used to model hydrodynamic adhesion. Our tool allowed for the automated analysis of thousands of papillae in specimens across a range of body sizes. The results led us to identify spatial trends in papillae across the complex geometry of the suction disc and to establish fundamental structure-function relationships used in hydrodynamic adhesion. We found that the surface area of papillae changed within a suction disc and with fish size, but that the aspect ratios and channel width between papillae did not. Using a mathematical model, we found that the surface structures can adhere considerably when subjected to disturbances of moderate to high velocities. We concluded that a predominant role of the papillae is to leverage hydrodynamic adhesion and wet friction to reinforce the seal of the suction disc. Overall, the trends in papillae characteristics provided insights into bioinspired designs of surface microstructures for future applications in which adhesion is necessary to attach to diverse surfaces (in terrestrial or aquatic environments), even when subjected to disturbance forces of randomized directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Sandoval
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jade Sommers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Karthik R Peddireddy
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110, United States
| | - Rae M Robertson-Anderson
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110, United States
| | - Michael T Tolley
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dimitri D Deheyn
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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23
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Langowski JKA, Dodou D, van Assenbergh P, van Leeuwen JL. Design of Tree-Frog-Inspired Adhesives. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:906-918. [PMID: 32413122 PMCID: PMC7751017 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesive toe pads of tree frogs have inspired the design of various so-called ‘smooth’ synthetic adhesives for wet environments. However, these adhesives do not reach the attachment performance of their biological models in terms of contact formation, maintenance of attachment, and detachment. In tree frogs, attachment is facilitated by an interconnected ensemble of superficial and internal morphological components, which together form a functional unit. To help bridging the gap between biological and bioinspired adhesives, in this review, we (1) provide an overview of the functional components of tree frog toe pads, (2) investigate which of these components (and attachment mechanisms implemented therein) have already been transferred into synthetic adhesives, and (3) highlight functional analogies between existing synthetic adhesives and tree frogs regarding the fundamental mechanisms of attachment. We found that most existing tree-frog-inspired adhesives mimic the micropatterned surface of the ventral epidermis of frog pads. Geometrical and material properties differ between these synthetic adhesives and their biological model, which indicates similarity in appearance rather than function. Important internal functional components such as fiber-reinforcement and muscle fibers for attachment control have not been considered in the design of tree-frog-inspired adhesives. Experimental work on tree-frog-inspired adhesives suggests that the micropatterning of adhesives with low-aspect-ratio pillars enables crack arresting and the drainage of interstitial liquids, which both facilitate the generation of van der Waals forces. Our analysis of experimental work on tree-frog-inspired adhesives indicates that interstitial liquids such as the mucus secreted by tree frogs play a role in detachment. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for the future design of biomimetic adhesives. Specifically, we propose to implement internal fiber-reinforcements inspired by the fibrous structures in frog pads to create mechanically reinforced soft adhesives for high-load applications. Contractile components may stimulate the design of actuated synthetic adhesives with fine-tunable control of attachment strength. An integrative approach is needed for the design of tree-frog-inspired adhesives that are functionally analogous with their biological paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K A Langowski
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Dodou
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Assenbergh
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Johan L van Leeuwen
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands
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24
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Duprat C, Noûs C, Protière S. Controlling wet adhesion with elasticity. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6463-6467. [PMID: 32657307 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00618a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We consider the wet adhesion between two deformable fibers. We show that a strong adhesive force can be maintained by coupling the fibers deformation with capillarity. We further identify a regime where, contrary to capillary adhesion, the pull-off force remains constant throughout debonding. In this peeling regime, elasticity, which tends to minimize the deformation of the object, is balanced by capillarity which maximizes the liquid spreading. We show that the adhesive force and the existence region of this self-adjusted peeling regime depend on a single dimensionless parameter, and can thus be controlled by tuning the material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Duprat
- LadHyX, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, UMR 7646, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Camille Noûs
- Cogitamus Laboratory, 1 3/4 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Suzie Protière
- Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7190, F-75005 Paris, France.
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25
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Liu Q, Meng F, Wang X, Yang B, Tan D, Li Q, Shi Z, Shi K, Chen W, Liu S, Lei Y, Xue L. Tree Frog-Inspired Micropillar Arrays with Nanopits on the Surface for Enhanced Adhesion under Wet Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19116-19122. [PMID: 32216267 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the nanoconcave top of epidermal cells on tree frogs' toe pads, an array of composite micropillars with nanopits on the surface (CPp) has been designed. Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles are mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and serve as the template for nanopits on the PS/PDMS composite micropillars. CPp shows much larger wet adhesion compared to the arrays of micropillars without nanopits. Under a certain loading force, most of the liquid between CPp and the counterpart surface is squeezed out, so the liquid that remained in nanopits forms multiple nanoscale liquid bridges within the contact area of a single micropillar. Moreover, a large loading force could squeeze part of the liquid out of nanopits, resulting in the suction effect during the pull-off. The multiple liquid bridges, the suction effect, and the solid direct contact thus contribute to strong wet adhesion, which could be ∼36.5 times that of tree frogs' toe pads. The results suggest the function of nanoconcaves on the toe pad of tree frogs and offer a new design strategy for structured adhesives to gain strong wet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Fandong Meng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Baisong Yang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Di Tan
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhekun Shi
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Shi
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Yifeng Lei
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Longjian Xue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072 Wuhan, China
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