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Burgess C, Patrick S, Torres T, Gregory R, König F. Quasinormal Modes of Optical Solitons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:053802. [PMID: 38364120 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.053802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Quasinormal modes (QNMs) are essential for understanding the stability and resonances of open systems, with increasing prominence in black hole physics. We present here the first study of QNMs of optical potentials. We show that solitons can support QNMs, deriving a soliton perturbation equation and giving exact analytical expressions for the QNMs of fiber solitons. We discuss the boundary conditions in this intrinsically dispersive system and identify novel signatures of dispersion. From here, we discover a new analogy with black holes and describe a regime in which the soliton is a robust black hole simulator for light-ring phenomena. Our results invite a range of applications, from the description of optical pulse propagation with QNMs to the use of state-of-the-art technology from fiber optics to address questions in black hole physics, such as QNM spectral instabilities and the role of nonlinearities in ringdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Burgess
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Patrick
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Torres
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Gregory
- Department of Physics, King's College London, The Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- Perimeter Institute, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Friedrich König
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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Tajik M, Gluza M, Sebe N, Schüttelkopf P, Cataldini F, Sabino J, Møller F, Ji SC, Erne S, Guarnieri G, Sotiriadis S, Eisert J, Schmiedmayer J. Experimental observation of curved light-cones in a quantum field simulator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301287120. [PMID: 37186865 PMCID: PMC10214178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301287120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate signal propagation in a quantum field simulator of the Klein-Gordon model realized by two strongly coupled parallel one-dimensional quasi-condensates. By measuring local phononic fields after a quench, we observe the propagation of correlations along sharp light-cone fronts. If the local atomic density is inhomogeneous, these propagation fronts are curved. For sharp edges, the propagation fronts are reflected at the system's boundaries. By extracting the space-dependent variation of the front velocity from the data, we find agreement with theoretical predictions based on curved geodesics of an inhomogeneous metric. This work extends the range of quantum simulations of nonequilibrium field dynamics in general space-time metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadamin Tajik
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna1020, Austria
| | - Marek Gluza
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nicolas Sebe
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna1020, Austria
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin14195, Germany
- Département de Physique, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau91120, France
| | - Philipp Schüttelkopf
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna1020, Austria
| | - Federica Cataldini
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna1020, Austria
| | - João Sabino
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna1020, Austria
- Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon1049-001, Portugal
| | - Frederik Møller
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna1020, Austria
| | - Si-Cong Ji
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna1020, Austria
| | - Sebastian Erne
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna1020, Austria
| | - Giacomo Guarnieri
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin14195, Germany
| | - Spyros Sotiriadis
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin14195, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jens Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin14195, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin14109, Germany
| | - Jörg Schmiedmayer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna1020, Austria
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Jacquet MJ, Giacomelli L, Valnais Q, Joly M, Claude F, Giacobino E, Glorieux Q, Carusotto I, Bramati A. Quantum Vacuum Excitation of a Quasinormal Mode in an Analog Model of Black Hole Spacetime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:111501. [PMID: 37001081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum quantum fluctuations near horizons are known to yield correlated emission by the Hawking effect. We use a driven-dissipative quantum fluid of microcavity polaritons as an analog model of a quantum field theory on a black-hole spacetime and numerically calculate correlated emission. We show that, in addition to the Hawking effect at the sonic horizon, quantum fluctuations may result in a sizable stationary excitation of a quasinormal mode of the field theory. Observable signatures of the excitation of the quasinormal mode are found in the spatial density fluctuations as well as in the spectrum of Hawking emission. This suggests an intrinsic fluctuation-driven mechanism leading to the quantum excitation of quasinormal modes on black hole spacetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Jacquet
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - L Giacomelli
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Q Valnais
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - M Joly
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - F Claude
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - E Giacobino
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - Q Glorieux
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
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Weinfurtner S. Superfluid system hosts early-Universe dynamics. Nature 2022; 611:238-239. [DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-03557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Viermann C, Sparn M, Liebster N, Hans M, Kath E, Parra-López Á, Tolosa-Simeón M, Sánchez-Kuntz N, Haas T, Strobel H, Floerchinger S, Oberthaler MK. Quantum field simulator for dynamics in curved spacetime. Nature 2022; 611:260-264. [PMID: 36352135 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In most cosmological models, rapid expansion of space marks the first moments of the Universe and leads to the amplification of quantum fluctuations1. The description of subsequent dynamics and related questions in cosmology requires an understanding of the quantum fields of the standard model and dark matter in curved spacetime. Even the reduced problem of a scalar quantum field in an explicitly time-dependent spacetime metric is a theoretical challenge2-5, and thus a quantum field simulator can lead to insights. Here we demonstrate such a quantum field simulator in a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with a configurable trap6,7 and adjustable interaction strength to implement this model system. We explicitly show the realization of spacetimes with positive and negative spatial curvature by wave-packet propagation and observe particle-pair production in controlled power-law expansion of space, using Sakharov oscillations to extract amplitude and phase information of the produced state. We find quantitative agreement with analytical predictions for different curvatures in time and space. This benchmarks and thereby establishes a quantum field simulator of a new class. In the future, straightforward upgrades offer the possibility to enter unexplored regimes that give further insight into relativistic quantum field dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Viermann
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marius Sparn
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolas Liebster
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maurus Hans
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elinor Kath
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Álvaro Parra-López
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Departamento de Física Teórica and IPARCOS, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tolosa-Simeón
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Haas
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Quantum Information and Communication, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, CP 165/59, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helmut Strobel
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Floerchinger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
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