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Reyes Cruz EA, Nishiori D, Wadsworth BL, Nguyen NP, Hensleigh LK, Khusnutdinova D, Beiler AM, Moore GF. Molecular-Modified Photocathodes for Applications in Artificial Photosynthesis and Solar-to-Fuel Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16051-16109. [PMID: 36173689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nature offers inspiration for developing technologies that integrate the capture, conversion, and storage of solar energy. In this review article, we highlight principles of natural photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis, drawing comparisons between solar energy transduction in biology and emerging solar-to-fuel technologies. Key features of the biological approach include use of earth-abundant elements and molecular interfaces for driving photoinduced charge separation reactions that power chemical transformations at global scales. For the artificial systems described in this review, emphasis is placed on advancements involving hybrid photocathodes that power fuel-forming reactions using molecular catalysts interfaced with visible-light-absorbing semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A Reyes Cruz
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Daiki Nishiori
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Brian L Wadsworth
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Nghi P Nguyen
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Lillian K Hensleigh
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Diana Khusnutdinova
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Anna M Beiler
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - G F Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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2
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Hummel F, Eiles MT, Schmelcher P. Synthetic Dimension-Induced Conical Intersections in Rydberg Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:023003. [PMID: 34296913 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.023003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We observe a series of conical intersections in the potential energy curves governing both the collision between a Rydberg atom and a ground-state atom and the structure of Rydberg molecules. By employing the electronic energy of the Rydberg atom as a synthetic dimension we circumvent the von Neumann-Wigner theorem. These conical intersections can occur when the Rydberg atom's quantum defect is similar in size to the electron-ground-state atom scattering phase shift divided by π, a condition satisfied in several commonly studied atomic species. The conical intersections have an observable consequence in the rate of ultracold l-changing collisions of the type Rb(nf)+Rb(5s)→Rb(nl>3)+Rb(5s). In the vicinity of a conical intersection, this rate is strongly suppressed, and the Rydberg atom becomes nearly transparent to the ground-state atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Hummel
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew T Eiles
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Schmelcher
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Hooe SL, Cook EN, Reid AG, Machan CW. Non-covalent assembly of proton donors and p-benzoquinone anions for co-electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9733-9741. [PMID: 34349945 PMCID: PMC8293985 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-electron and two-proton p-hydroquinone/p-benzoquinone (H2Q/BQ) redox couple has mechanistic parallels to the function of ubiquinone in the electron transport chain. This proton-dependent redox behavior has shown applicability in catalytic aerobic oxidation reactions, redox flow batteries, and co-electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. Under nominally aprotic conditions in non-aqueous solvents, BQ can be reduced by up to two electrons in separate electrochemically reversible reactions. With weak acids (AH) at high concentrations, potential inversion can occur due to favorable hydrogen-bonding interactions with the intermediate monoanion [BQ(AH)m]˙−. The solvation shell created by these interactions can mediate a second one-electron reduction coupled to proton transfer at more positive potentials ([BQ(AH)m]˙− + nAH + e− ⇌ [HQ(AH)(m+n)−1(A)]2−), resulting in an overall two electron reduction at a single potential at intermediate acid concentrations. Here we show that hydrogen-bonded adducts of reduced quinones and the proton donor 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFEOH) can mediate the transfer of electrons to a Mn-based complex during the electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen (O2). The Mn electrocatalyst is selective for H2O2 with only TFEOH and O2 present, however, with BQ present under sufficient concentrations of TFEOH, an electrogenerated [H2Q(AH)3(A)2]2− adduct (where AH = TFEOH) alters product selectivity to 96(±0.5)% H2O in a co-electrocatalytic fashion. These results suggest that hydrogen-bonded quinone anions can function in an analogous co-electrocatalytic manner to H2Q. Non-covalent interactions between reduced p-benzoquinone species and weak acids stabilize intermediates which can switch dioxygen reduction selectivity from H2O2 to H2O for a molecular Mn catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Hooe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Emma N Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Amelia G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Charles W Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
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4
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Gambetta FM, Zhang C, Hennrich M, Lesanovsky I, Li W. Exploring the Many-Body Dynamics Near a Conical Intersection with Trapped Rydberg Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:233404. [PMID: 34170186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.233404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conical intersections between electronic potential energy surfaces are paradigmatic for the study of nonadiabatic processes in the excited states of large molecules. However, since the corresponding dynamics occurs on a femtosecond timescale, their investigation remains challenging and requires ultrafast spectroscopy techniques. We demonstrate that trapped Rydberg ions are a platform to engineer conical intersections and to simulate their ensuing dynamics on larger length scales and timescales of the order of nanometers and microseconds, respectively; all this in a highly controllable system. Here, the shape of the potential energy surfaces and the position of the conical intersection can be tuned thanks to the interplay between the high polarizability and the strong dipolar exchange interactions of Rydberg ions. We study how the presence of a conical intersection affects both the nuclear and electronic dynamics demonstrating, in particular, how it results in the inhibition of the nuclear motion. These effects can be monitored in real time via a direct spectroscopic measurement of the electronic populations in a state-of-the-art experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo M Gambetta
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Hennrich
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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5
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Forsythe RC, Cox CP, Wilsey MK, Müller AM. Pulsed Laser in Liquids Made Nanomaterials for Catalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7568-7637. [PMID: 34077177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis is essential to modern life and has a huge economic impact. The development of new catalysts critically depends on synthetic methods that enable the preparation of tailored nanomaterials. Pulsed laser in liquids synthesis can produce uniform, multicomponent, nonequilibrium nanomaterials with independently and precisely controlled properties, such as size, composition, morphology, defect density, and atomistic structure within the nanoparticle and at its surface. We cover the fundamentals, unique advantages, challenges, and experimental solutions of this powerful technique and review the state-of-the-art of laser-made electrocatalysts for water oxidation, oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, nitrogen reduction, carbon dioxide reduction, and organic oxidations, followed by laser-made nanomaterials for light-driven catalytic processes and heterogeneous catalysis of thermochemical processes. We also highlight laser-synthesized nanomaterials for which proposed catalytic applications exist. This review provides a practical guide to how the catalysis community can capitalize on pulsed laser in liquids synthesis to advance catalyst development, by leveraging the synergies of two fields of intensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryland C Forsythe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Connor P Cox
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Madeleine K Wilsey
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Astrid M Müller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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6
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Photosystem (PSII)-based hybrid nanococktails for the fabrication of BIO-DSSC and photo-induced memory device. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Hammonds M, Tran TT, Tran YHH, Ha-Thi MH, Pino T. Time-Resolved Resonant Raman Spectroscopy of the Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Ruthenium(II) Trisbipyridine to Methyl Viologen. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2736-2740. [PMID: 32183517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the first time-resolved resonant Raman (TR3) spectra of photoinduced charge transfer from [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to methyl viologen, with observations of vibrational structure. The presence of singly charged methyl viologen in solution is noted by the appearance of several spectroscopic lines, which are visible in the spectra following subtraction of reagent molecules. Assignments are confirmed using both density functional theory (DFT) calculations and literature values and are shown to be consistent with transient absorption spectroscopy data. This presents proof-of-concept for the application of TR3 in mechanistic studies of photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hammonds
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thu-Trang Tran
- Faculty of Physics and Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Science, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Yen Hoang Hai Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Minh-Huong Ha-Thi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Pino
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), 91405 Orsay, France
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8
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Liu T, Tyburski R, Wang S, Fernández-Terán R, Ott S, Hammarström L. Elucidating Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Mechanisms of Metal Hydrides with Free Energy- and Pressure-Dependent Kinetics. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17245-17259. [PMID: 31587555 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) was studied in a series of tungsten hydride complexes with pendant pyridyl arms ([(PyCH2Cp)WH(CO)3], PyCH2Cp = pyridylmethylcyclopentadienyl), triggered by laser flash-generated RuIII-tris-bipyridine oxidants, in acetonitrile solution. The free energy dependence of the rate constant and the kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) showed that the PCET mechanism could be switched between concerted and the two stepwise PCET mechanisms (electron-first or proton-first) in a predictable fashion. Straightforward and general guidelines for how the relative rates of the different mechanisms depend on oxidant and base are presented. The rate of the concerted reaction should depend symmetrically on changes in oxidant and base strength, that is on the overall ΔG0PCET, and we argue that an "asynchronous" behavior would not be consistent with a model where the electron and proton tunnel from a common transition state. The observed rate constants and KIEs were examined as a function of hydrostatic pressure (1-2000 bar) and were found to exhibit qualitatively different dependence on pressure for different PCET mechanisms. This is discussed in terms of different volume profiles of the PCET mechanisms as well as enhanced proton tunneling for the concerted mechanism. The results allowed for assignment of the main mechanism operating in the different cases, which is one of the critical questions in PCET research. They also show how the rate of a PCET reaction will be affected very differently by changes of oxidant and base strength, depending on which mechanism dominates. This is of fundamental interest as well as of practical importance for rational design of, for example, catalysts for fuel cells and solar fuel formation, which operate in steps of PCET reactions. The mechanistic richness shown by this system illustrates that the specific mechanism is not intrinsic to a specific synthetic catalyst or enzyme active site but depends on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 532, SE-751 20 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Robin Tyburski
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 532, SE-751 20 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Shihuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 532, SE-751 20 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ricardo Fernández-Terán
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 532, SE-751 20 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 532, SE-751 20 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 532, SE-751 20 Uppsala , Sweden
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9
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Goldsmith ZK, Soudackov AV, Hammes-Schiffer S. Theoretical analysis of the inverted region in photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:363-378. [PMID: 31017599 PMCID: PMC6620152 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays a key role in a wide range of energy conversion processes, and understanding how to design systems to control the PCET rate constant is a significant challenge. Herein a theoretical formulation of PCET is utilized to identify the conditions under which photoinduced PCET may exhibit inverted region behavior. In the inverted region, the rate constant decreases as the driving force increases even though the reaction becomes more thermodynamically favorable. Photoinduced PCET will exhibit inverted region behavior when the following criteria are satisfied: (1) the overlap integrals corresponding to the ground reactant and the excited product proton vibrational wavefunctions become negligible for a low enough product vibronic state and (2) the reaction free energies associated with the lower excited product proton vibrational wavefunctions contributing significantly to the rate constant are negative with magnitudes greater than the reorganization energy. These criteria are typically not satisfied by harmonic or Morse potentials but are satisfied by more realistic asymmetric double well potentials because the proton vibrational states above the barrier correspond to more delocalized proton vibrational wavefunctions with nodal structures leading to destructive interference effects. Thus, this theoretical analysis predicts that inverted region behavior could be observed for systems with asymmetric double well potentials characteristic of hydrogen-bonded systems and that the hydrogen/deuterium kinetic isotope effect will approach unity and could even become inverse in this region due to the oscillatory nature of the highly excited vibrational wavefunctions. These insights may help guide the design of more effective energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary K Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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10
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Thammavongsy Z, Mercer IP, Yang JY. Promoting proton coupled electron transfer in redox catalysts through molecular design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10342-10358. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mini-review on using the secondary coordination sphere to facilitate multi-electron, multi-proton catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian P. Mercer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
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11
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Smith PJ, Goeltz JC. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer and Substituent Effects in Catechol-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Gross and Fine Tuning of Redox Activity. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10974-10978. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parker J. Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, California 93955, United States
| | - John C. Goeltz
- School of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, California 93955, United States
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12
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Solvent-control of photoinduced electron transfer via hydrogen bonding in a molecular triad made of a dinuclear chromophore subunit. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Tadokoro M, Hosoda H, Inoue T, Murayama A, Noguchi K, Iioka A, Nishimura R, Itoh M, Sugaya T, Kamebuchi H, Haga MA. Synchronized Collective Proton-Assisted Electron Transfer in Solid State by Hydrogen-Bonding Ru(II)/Ru(III) Mixed-Valence Molecular Crystals. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8513-8526. [PMID: 28682602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction was widely studied with isolated organic molecules and metal complexes in solution in view of the biological catalytic reaction, while studying this reaction in the crystalline or solid-state phase, which has a novel example, would give insight into the rather internal environment of proteins without solvation and a creation of new molecular materials. We tried to crystallize a hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) coordination polymer with one-dimensional nanoporous channels, formed from redox-active RuIII complexes, [RuIII(Hbim)3] (Hbim- = 2,2'-biimidazolate monoanion). As a result, a synchronized collective PCET phenomenon was observed for the molecular nanoporous crystal by novel solid-state cyclic voltammetry (CV), which could be measured by only setting some crystals on the electrode surface. The nanoporous crystals, {[RuIII(Hbim)3]}n (1), are simultaneously induced to a synchronized collective RuIIRuIII mixed-valence state, {RuIIRuIII}n, with alternating arrays of RuII and RuIII complexes by PCET in a way of the reductive state of {RuIIRuII}n. Further, a new crystal with {RuIIRuIII}n, {[RuII(H2bim)(Hbim)2][RuIII(bim) (Hbim)2][K(MeOBz)6]}n (2), was also prepared, and the solid-state CV revealed the same electrochemical behavior of {RuIIRuIII}n with 1. The single crystal with {RuIIRuIII}n of 2 was unusually a semiconductor with 5.12 × 10-6 S/cm conductivity at 298 K by an impedance method (8.01 × 10-6 S/cm by a direct-current method at 277 K). Thus, an unprecedented electron-hopping conductor driven by a low-barrier proton transfer through a PCET mechanism (Ea = 0.30 eV) was realized in the H-bonding molecular crystal with {RuIIRuIII}n. Such studies on a PCET reaction in the crystalline state is not only worthwhile as a model of essential biological reactions without solvation, but also proposed to a new design of molecular materials to occur an electron transfer by using an intermolecular H-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tadokoro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , Sugimoto-cho 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hosoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tomonori Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , Sugimoto-cho 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Murayama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Koichiro Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iioka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ryota Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masaki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sugaya
- Education Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology , Shibazono 2-1-1, Narashino, Chiba 275-0023, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamebuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Haga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chuo University , Korakuen, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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14
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Direct observation of light-driven, concerted electron-proton transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11106-11109. [PMID: 27660239 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611496113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenols 4-methylphenol, 4-methoxyphenol, and N-acetyl-tyrosine form hydrogen-bonded adducts with N-methyl-4, 4'-bipyridinium cation (MQ+) in aqueous solution as evidenced by the appearance of low-energy, low-absorptivity features in UV-visible spectra. They are assigned to the known examples of optically induced, concerted electron-proton transfer, photoEPT. The results of ultrafast transient absorption measurements on the assembly MeOPhO-H---MQ+ are consistent with concerted EPT by the instantaneous appearance of spectral features for MeOPhO·---H-MQ+ in the transient spectra at the first observation time of 0.1 ps. The transient decays to MeOPhO-H---MQ+ in 2.5 ps, accompanied by the appearance of oscillations in the decay traces with a period of ∼1 ps, consistent with a vibrational coherence and relaxation from a higher υ(N-H) vibrational level or levels on the timescale for back EPT.
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15
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Nguyen LQ, Knowles RR. Catalytic C–N Bond-Forming Reactions Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Activation of Amide N–H Bonds. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Q. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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16
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Soetbeer J, Dongare P, Hammarström L. Marcus-type driving force correlations reveal the mechanism of proton-coupled electron transfer for phenols and [Ru(bpy) 3] 3+ in water at low pH. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4607-4612. [PMID: 30155108 PMCID: PMC6013771 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined PCET between a series of phenol derivatives and photogenerated [Ru(bpy)3]3+ in low pH (≤4) water using the laser flash-quench technique.
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from tyrosine and other phenol derivatives in water is an important elementary reaction in chemistry and biology. We examined PCET between a series of phenol derivatives and photogenerated [Ru(bpy)3]3+ in low pH (≤4) water using the laser flash-quench technique. From an analysis of the kinetic data using a Marcus-type free energy relationship, we propose that our model system follows a stepwise electron transfer-proton transfer (ETPT) pathway with a pH independent rate constant at low pH in water. This is in contrast to the concerted or proton-first (PTET) mechanisms that often dominate at higher pH and/or with buffers as primary proton acceptors. The stepwise mechanism remains competitive despite a significant change in the pKa and redox potential of the phenols which leads to a span of rate constants from 1 × 105 to 2 × 109 M–1 s–1. These results support our previous studies which revealed separate mechanistic regions for PCET reactions and also assigned phenol oxidation by [Ru(bpy)3]3+ at low pH to a stepwise PCET mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Soetbeer
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 , Uppsala , Sweden . ;
| | - Prateek Dongare
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 , Uppsala , Sweden . ;
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 , Uppsala , Sweden . ;
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Dongare P, Maji S, Hammarström L. Direct Evidence of a Tryptophan Analogue Radical Formed in a Concerted Electron−Proton Transfer Reaction in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2194-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Dongare
- Department of Chemistry,
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Somnath Maji
- Department of Chemistry,
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry,
Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
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18
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Bediako DK, Ullman AM, Nocera DG. Catalytic Oxygen Evolution by Cobalt Oxido Thin Films. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 371:173-213. [PMID: 26245626 DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The contemporary demand to generate fuels from solar energy has stimulated intense effort to develop water splitting catalysts that can be coupled to light-absorbing materials. Cobalt oxido catalyst (Co-OECs) films deposited from buffered Co(II) solutions have emerged as arguably the most studied class of heterogeneous oxygen evolution catalysts. The interest in these materials stems from their formation by self-assembly, their self-healing properties, and their promising catalytic activity under a variety of conditions. The structure and function of these catalysts are reviewed here together with studies of molecular Co-O cluster compounds, which have proven invaluable in elucidating the chemistry of the Co-OECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kwabena Bediako
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew M Ullman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Role of pendant proton relays and proton-coupled electron transfer on the hydrogen evolution reaction by nickel hangman porphyrins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15001-6. [PMID: 25298534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414908111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hangman motif provides mechanistic insights into the role of pendant proton relays in governing proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) involved in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We now show improved HER activity of Ni compared with Co hangman porphyrins. Cyclic voltammogram data and simulations, together with computational studies using density functional theory, implicate a shift in electrokinetic zone between Co and Ni hangman porphyrins due to a change in the PCET mechanism. Unlike the Co hangman porphyrin, the Ni hangman porphyrin does not require reduction to the formally metal(0) species before protonation by weak acids in acetonitrile. We conclude that protonation likely occurs at the Ni(I) state followed by reduction, in a stepwise proton transfer-electron transfer pathway. Spectroelectrochemical and computational studies reveal that upon reduction of the Ni(II) compound, the first electron is transferred to a metal-based orbital, whereas the second electron is transferred to a molecular orbital on the porphyrin ring.
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20
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Judd ET, Stein N, Pacheco AA, Elliott SJ. Hydrogen bonding networks tune proton-coupled redox steps during the enzymatic six-electron conversion of nitrite to ammonia. Biochemistry 2014; 53:5638-46. [PMID: 25137350 PMCID: PMC4159211 DOI: 10.1021/bi500854p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Multielectron
multiproton reactions play an important role in both
biological systems and chemical reactions involved in energy storage
and manipulation. A key strategy employed by nature in achieving such
complex chemistry is the use of proton-coupled redox steps. Cytochrome c nitrite reductase (ccNiR) catalyzes the six-electron seven-proton
reduction of nitrite to ammonia. While a catalytic mechanism for ccNiR
has been proposed on the basis of studies combining computation and
crystallography, there have been few studies directly addressing the
nature of the proton-coupled events that are predicted to occur along
the nitrite reduction pathway. Here we use protein film voltammetry
to directly interrogate the proton-coupled steps that occur during
nitrite reduction by ccNiR. We find that conversion of nitrite to
ammonia by ccNiR adsorbed to graphite electrodes is defined by two
distinct phases; one is proton-coupled, and the other is not. Mutation
of key active site residues (H257, R103, and Y206) modulates these
phases and specifically alters the properties of the detected proton-dependent
step but does not inhibit the ability of ccNiR to conduct the full
reduction of nitrite to ammonia. We conclude that the active site
residues examined are responsible for tuning the protonation steps
that occur during catalysis, likely through an extensive hydrogen
bonding network, but are not necessarily required for the reaction
to proceed. These results provide important insight into how enzymes
can specifically tune proton- and electron transfer steps to achieve
high turnover numbers in a physiological pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T Judd
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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21
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Wang K, McKoy V, Hockett P, Schuurman MS. Time-resolved photoelectron spectra of CS2: dynamics at conical intersections. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:113007. [PMID: 24702364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report results of the application of a fully ab initio approach for simulating time-resolved molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions around conical intersections in CS2. The technique employs wave packet densities obtained with the multiple spawning method in conjunction with geometry- and energy-dependent photoionization matrix elements. The robust agreement of these results with measured molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions for CS2 demonstrates that this technique can successfully elucidate, and disentangle, the underlying nuclear and photoionization dynamics around conical intersections in polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghsi Wang
- A. A. Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Vincent McKoy
- A. A. Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Paul Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michael S Schuurman
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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22
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Joya KS, Vallés-Pardo JL, Joya YF, Eisenmayer T, Thomas B, Buda F, de Groot HJM. Molecular Catalytic Assemblies for Electrodriven Water Splitting. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Bensaid S, Centi G, Garrone E, Perathoner S, Saracco G. Towards artificial leaves for solar hydrogen and fuels from carbon dioxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:500-521. [PMID: 22431486 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of an "artificial leaf" that collects energy in the same way as a natural one is one of the great challenges for the use of renewable energy and a sustainable development. To avoid the problem of intermittency in solar energy, it is necessary to design systems that directly capture CO(2) and convert it into liquid solar fuels that can be easily stored. However, to be advantageous over natural leaves, it is necessary that artificial leaves have a higher solar energy-to-chemical fuel conversion efficiency, directly provide fuels that can be used in power-generating devices, and finally be robust and of easy construction, for example, smart, cheap and robust. This review discusses the recent progress in this field, with particular attention to the design and development of 'artificial leaf' devices and some of their critical components. This is a very active research area with different concepts and ideas under investigation, although often the validity of the considered solutions it is still not proven or the many constrains are not fully taken into account, particularly from the perspective of system engineering, which considerably limits some of the investigated solutions. It is also shown how system design should be included, at least at a conceptual level, in the definition of the artificial leaf elements to be investigated (catalysts, electrodes, membranes, sensitizers) and that the main relevant aspects of the cell engineering (mass/charge transport, fluid dynamics, sealing, etc.) should be also considered already at the initial stage because they determine the design and the choice between different options. For this reason, attention has been given to the system-design ideas under development instead of the molecular aspects of the O(2) - or H(2) -evolution catalysts. However, some of the recent advances in these catalysts, and their use in advanced electrodes, are also reported to provide a more complete picture of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bensaid
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
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24
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Molecular devices featuring sequential photoinduced charge separations for the storage of multiple redox equivalents. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Bonin J, Robert M. Photoinduced Proton-Coupled Electron Transfers in Biorelevant Phenolic Systems. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1190-203. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Manganese-based Materials Inspired by Photosynthesis for Water-Splitting. MATERIALS 2011; 4:1693-1704. [PMID: 28824102 PMCID: PMC5448874 DOI: 10.3390/ma4101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In nature, the water-splitting reaction via photosynthesis driven by sunlight in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria stores the vast solar energy and provides vital oxygen to life on earth. The recent advances in elucidating the structures and functions of natural photosynthesis has provided firm framework and solid foundation in applying the knowledge to transform the carbon-based energy to renewable solar energy into our energy systems. In this review, inspired by photosynthesis robust photo water-splitting systems using manganese-containing materials including Mn-terpy dimer/titanium oxide, Mn-oxo tetramer/Nafion, and Mn-terpy oligomer/tungsten oxide, in solar fuel production are summarized and evaluated. Potential problems and future endeavors are also discussed.
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27
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Wu G, Hockett P, Stolow A. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: from wavepackets to observables. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18447-67. [PMID: 21947027 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) is a powerful tool for the study of intramolecular dynamics, particularly excited state non-adiabatic dynamics in polyatomic molecules. Depending on the problem at hand, different levels of TRPES measurements can be performed: time-resolved photoelectron yield; time- and energy-resolved photoelectron yield; time-, energy-, and angle-resolved photoelectron yield. In this pedagogical overview, a conceptual framework for time-resolved photoionization measurements is presented, together with discussion of relevant theory for the different aspects of TRPES. Simple models are used to illustrate the theory, and key concepts are further amplified by experimental examples. These examples are chosen to show the application of TRPES to the investigation of a range of problems in the excited state dynamics of molecules: from the simplest vibrational wavepacket on a single potential energy surface; to disentangling intrinsically coupled electronic and nuclear motions; to identifying the electronic character of the intermediate states involved in non-adiabatic dynamics by angle-resolved measurements in the molecular frame, the most complete measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Wu
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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28
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Zhang MT, Irebo T, Johansson O, Hammarström L. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer from Tyrosine: A Strong Rate Dependence on Intramolecular Proton Transfer Distance. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13224-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203483j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tian Zhang
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tania Irebo
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Johansson
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Zhang MT, Hammarström L. Proton-coupled electron transfer from tryptophan: a concerted mechanism with water as proton acceptor. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8806-9. [PMID: 21500853 DOI: 10.1021/ja201536b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from tyrosine in enzymes and synthetic model complexes is under intense discussion, in particular the pH dependence of the PCET rate with water as proton acceptor. Here we report on the intramolecular oxidation kinetics of tryptophan derivatives linked to [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) units with water as proton acceptor, using laser flash-quench methods. It is shown that tryptophan oxidation can proceed not only via a stepwise electron-proton transfer (ETPT) mechanism that naturally shows a pH-independent rate, but also via another mechanism with a pH-dependent rate and higher kinetic isotope effect that is assigned to concerted electron-proton transfer (CEP). This is in contrast to current theoretical models, which predict that CEP from tryptophan with water as proton acceptor can never compete with ETPT because of the energetically unfavorable PT part (pK(a)(Trp(•)H(+)) = 4.7 ≫ pK(a)(H(3)O(+)) ≈ -1.5). The moderate pH dependence we observe for CEP cannot be explained by first-order reactions with OH(-) or the buffers and is similar to what has been demonstrated for intramolecular PCET in [Ru(bpy)(3)](3+)-tyrosine complexes (Sjödin, M.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2000, 122, 3932. Irebo, T.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2007, 129, 15462). Our results suggest that CEP with water as the proton acceptor proves a general feature of amino acid oxidation, and provide further experimental support for understanding of the PCET process in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tian Zhang
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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J E Stuart E, Pumera M. Signal transducers and enzyme cofactors are susceptible to oxidation by nanographite impurities in carbon nanotube materials. Chemistry 2011; 17:5544-8. [PMID: 21491519 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are often employed in biofuel cells, artificial photosystems and bioelectronics in order to enhance electron transfer and to efficiently shuttle electrons between redox active molecules and the electrode surface. However, it should be noted that typical CNTs are highly heterogeneous materials, containing large amounts of impurities. Herein, we report the influence of nanographite impurities contained within CNTs upon the redox properties of signal transducers and enzyme cofactors that are vital for the functioning of biofuel cells, artificial leaves and bioelectronics as well as for the survival of living organisms. We investigate the susceptibility of tyrosine and tryptophan, amino acids involved in electron transfer and biorecognition reactions as well in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, in addition we also consider the susceptibility of the principal electron carrier β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. We conclude that nanographite impurities within CNTs are responsible for the "electrocatalytic" oxidation of NADH and two amino acids involved in signal transduction, tyrosine and tryptophan. Our findings are of high importance for both industrial and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J E Stuart
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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31
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Karković A, Brala CJ, Pilepić V, Uršić S. Solvent-induced hydrogen tunnelling in ascorbate proton-coupled electron transfers. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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33
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McConnell I, Li G, Brudvig GW. Energy conversion in natural and artificial photosynthesis. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2010; 17:434-47. [PMID: 20534342 PMCID: PMC2891097 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Modern civilization is dependent upon fossil fuels, a nonrenewable energy source originally provided by the storage of solar energy. Fossil-fuel dependence has severe consequences, including energy security issues and greenhouse gas emissions. The consequences of fossil-fuel dependence could be avoided by fuel-producing artificial systems that mimic natural photosynthesis, directly converting solar energy to fuel. This review describes the three key components of solar energy conversion in photosynthesis: light harvesting, charge separation, and catalysis. These processes are compared in natural and in artificial systems. Such a comparison can assist in understanding the general principles of photosynthesis and in developing working devices, including photoelectrochemical cells, for solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107
| | - Gonghu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107
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34
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Moore GF, Hambourger M, Kodis G, Michl W, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL. Effects of protonation state on a tyrosine-histidine bioinspired redox mediator. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14450-7. [PMID: 20476732 DOI: 10.1021/jp101592m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of tyrosine to the corresponding tyrosyl radical in photosystem II (PSII) is an example of proton-coupled electron transfer. Although the tyrosine moiety (Tyr(Z)) is known to function as a redox mediator between the photo-oxidized primary donor (P680(•+)) and the Mn-containing oxygen-evolving complex, the protonation states involved in the course of the reaction remain an active area of investigation. Herein, we report on the optical, structural, and electrochemical properties of tyrosine-histidine constructs, which model the function of their naturally occurring counterparts in PSII. Electrochemical studies show that the phenoxyl/phenol couple of the model is chemically reversible and thermodynamically capable of water oxidation. Studies under acidic and basic conditions provide clear evidence that an ionizable proton controls the electrochemical potential of the tyrosine-histidine mimic and that an exogenous base or acid can be used to generate a low-potential or high-potential mediator, respectively. The phenoxyl/phenoxide couple associated with the low-potential mediator is thermodynamically incapable of water oxidation, whereas the relay associated with the high-potential mediator is thermodynamically incapable of reducing an attached photoexcited porphyrin. These studies provide insight regarding the mechanistic role of the tyrosine-histidine complex in water oxidation and strategies for making use of hydrogen bonds to affect the coupling between proton and electron transfer in artificial photosynthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Moore
- Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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Wöhri AB, Katona G, Johansson LC, Fritz E, Malmerberg E, Andersson M, Vincent J, Eklund M, Cammarata M, Wulff M, Davidsson J, Groenhof G, Neutze R. Light-Induced Structural Changes in a Photosynthetic Reaction Center Caught by Laue Diffraction. Science 2010; 328:630-3. [PMID: 20431017 DOI: 10.1126/science.1186159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie B Wöhri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Box 462, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
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36
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Sajenko I, Pilepić V, Jakobušić Brala C, Uršić S. Solvent Dependence of the Kinetic Isotope Effect in the Reaction of Ascorbate with the 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl Radical: Tunnelling in a Small Molecule Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:3423-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp911086n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sajenko
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1. Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Viktor Pilepić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1. Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Stanko Uršić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1. Zagreb, Croatia
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37
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Johannissen LO, Irebo T, Sjödin M, Johansson O, Hammarström L. The Kinetic Effect of Internal Hydrogen Bonds on Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer from Phenols: A Theoretical Analysis with Modeling of Experimental Data. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:16214-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9048633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linus O. Johannissen
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tania Irebo
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Sjödin
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Johansson
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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38
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Li G, Sproviero EM, McNamara WR, Snoeberger RC, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW, Batista VS. Reversible Visible-Light Photooxidation of an Oxomanganese Water-Oxidation Catalyst Covalently Anchored to TiO2 Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:14214-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908925z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonghu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Eduardo M. Sproviero
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - William R. McNamara
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Robert C. Snoeberger
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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Shafaat HS, Leigh BS, Tauber MJ, Kim JE. Resonance Raman Characterization of a Stable Tryptophan Radical in an Azurin Mutant. J Phys Chem B 2008; 113:382-8. [PMID: 19072535 DOI: 10.1021/jp809329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S. Shafaat
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Brian S. Leigh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Michael J. Tauber
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Judy E. Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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Barber J, Rutherford AW. Revealing how nature uses sunlight to split water. Introduction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:1125-8. [PMID: 17989004 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James Barber
- Wolfson Laboratories, Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Chu CC, Bassani DM. Challenges and opportunities for photochemists on the verge of solar energy conversion. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:521-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b800113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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