1
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Austin RM, Honap TP, Mann AE, Hübner A, DeGaglia CMS, Warinner C, Zuckerman MK, Hofman CA. Metagenomic and paleopathological analyses of a historic documented collection explore ancient dental calculus as a diagnostic tool. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14720. [PMID: 38926415 PMCID: PMC11208530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental calculus is a microbial biofilm that contains biomolecules from oral commensals and pathogens, including those potentially related to cause of death (CoD). To assess the utility of calculus as a diagnostically informative substrate, in conjunction with paleopathological analysis, calculus samples from 39 individuals in the Smithsonian Institution's Robert J. Terry Collection with CoDs of either syphilis or tuberculosis were assessed via shotgun metagenomic sequencing for the presence of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA. Paleopathological analysis revealed that frequencies of skeletal lesions associated with these diseases were partially inconsistent with diagnostic criteria. Although recovery of T. p. pallidum DNA from individuals with a syphilis CoD was elusive, MTBC DNA was identified in at least one individual with a tuberculosis CoD. The authenticity of MTBC DNA was confirmed using targeted quantitative PCR assays, MTBC genome enrichment, and in silico bioinformatic analyses; however, the lineage of the MTBC strain present could not be determined. Overall, our study highlights the utility of dental calculus for molecular detection of tuberculosis in the archaeological record and underscores the effect of museum preparation techniques and extensive handling on pathogen DNA preservation in skeletal collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Austin
- Frontiers in Evolutionary Zoology Research Group, Natural History Museum of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0562, Norway.
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Tanvi P Honap
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Allison E Mann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Alexander Hübner
- Department Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | | | - Christina Warinner
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Molly K Zuckerman
- Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Courtney A Hofman
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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2
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Papa V, Galassi FM, Varotto E, Gori A, Vaccarezza M. The Evolution of Diagnostic Techniques in the Paleopathology of Tuberculosis: A Scoping Review. Pathog Immun 2023; 8:93-116. [PMID: 37900966 PMCID: PMC10603826 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v8i1.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient chronic infectious disease that remains a global health concern. In human remains, the most common and characteristic clinical signs are the skeletal modifications involving the spine, such as in Pott's disease. Diagnosing TB in ancient human remains is challenging. Therefore, in this systematic review, the authors investigated the studies assessing molecular diagnosis of Pott's disease in ancient human remains with the intention to survey the literature, map the evidence, and identify gaps and future perspectives on TB in paleopathology. Our systematic review offers a full contextualization of the history of Pott's disease in ancient times. Our search strategy was performed between August 2022 and March 2023. The authors initially identified 340 records, and 74 studies were finally included and assessed for qualitative analysis. Due to non-specific clinical signs associated with TB, how best to diagnose tuberculosis in human remains still represents a central point. Nevertheless, ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, lipid biomarkers, and spoligotyping might be extremely useful tools in the study of TB in human remains. Moreover, we propose the extraction and study of immune response genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity versus Mycobacterium spp. as an innovative and vastly overlooked approach in TB paleopathology. Complementary methodologies should be integrated to provide the best approach to the study of TB in human remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Papa
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Naples, Italy
- School of Science, Engineering and Health, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Galassi
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elena Varotto
- Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy
- Archaeology, College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea Gori
- I Division of Infectious Diseases, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102 Western Australia, Australia
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3
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Perry MA, Gowland RL. Compounding vulnerabilities: Syndemics and the social determinants of disease in the past. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2022; 39:35-49. [PMID: 36215930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article explores the theory and utility of a syndemic approach for the study of disease in the past. Syndemic principles are examined alongside other theoretical developments within bioarchaeology. Two case studies are provided to illustrate the efficacy of this approach: Tuberculosis and vitamin D deficiency in 18th and 19th century England, and malaria and helminth infections in Early Medieval England. MATERIALS Public health studies of present syndemics, in addition to published bioarchaeological, clinical and social information relating to the chosen case studies. METHODS The data from these two historical examples are revisited within a syndemic framework to draw deeper conclusions about disease clustering and heterogeneity in the past. RESULTS A syndemic framework can be applied to past contexts using clinical studies of diseases in a modern context and relevant paleopathological, archaeological, and historical data. CONCLUSIONS This approach provides a means for providing a deeper, contextualised understanding ancient diseases, and integrates well with extant theoretical tools in bioarchaeology SIGNIFICANCE: Syndemics provides scholars a deep-time perspective on diseases that still impact modern populations. LIMITATIONS Many of the variables essential for a truly syndemic approach cannot be obtained from current archaeological, bioarchaeological, or historical methods. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH More detailed and in-depth analysis of specific disease clusters within the past and the present, which draws on a comprehensive analysis of the social determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Perry
- Department of Anthropology MS 568, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Gowland
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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4
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Spekker O, Tihanyi B, Kis L, Váradi OA, Donoghue HD, Minnikin DE, Szalontai C, Vida T, Pálfi G, Marcsik A, Molnár E. The two extremes of Hansen’s disease—Different manifestations of leprosy and their biological consequences in an Avar Age (late 7th century CE) osteoarchaeological series of the Duna-Tisza Interfluve (Kiskundorozsma–Daruhalom-dűlő II, Hungary). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265416. [PMID: 35737690 PMCID: PMC9223331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To give an insight into the different manifestations of leprosy and their biological consequences in the Avar Age of the Hungarian Duna-Tisza Interfluve, two cases from the 7th-century-CE osteoarchaeological series of Kiskundorozsma–Daruhalom-dűlő II (Hungary; n = 94) were investigated. Based on the macromorphology of the bony changes indicative of Hansen’s disease, KD271 (a middle-aged male) and KD520 (a middle-aged female) represent the two extremes of leprosy. KD271 appears to have an advanced-stage, long-standing near-lepromatous or lepromatous form of the disease, affecting not only the rhinomaxillary region but also both upper and lower limbs. This has led to severe deformation and disfigurement of the involved anatomical areas of the skeleton, resulting in his inability to perform the basic activities of daily living, such as eating, drinking, grasping, standing or walking. The skeleton of KD520 shows no rhinomaxillary lesions and indicates the other extreme of leprosy, a near-tuberculoid or tuberculoid form of the disease. As in KD271, Hansen’s disease has resulted in disfigurement and disability of both of the lower limbs of KD520; and thus, the middle-aged female would have experienced difficulties in standing, walking, and conducting occupational physical activities. KD271 and KD520 are amongst the very few published cases with leprosy from the Avar Age of the Hungarian Duna-Tisza Interfluve, and the only examples with detailed macromorphological description and differential diagnoses of the observed leprous bony changes. The cases of these two severely disabled individuals, especially of KD271 –who would have required regular and substantial care from others to survive–imply that in the Avar Age community of Kiskundorozsma–Daruhalom-dűlő II there was a willingness to care for people in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Spekker
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Balázs Tihanyi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Kis
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Anna Váradi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Helen D. Donoghue
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Minnikin
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Csaba Szalontai
- Archaeological Heritage Protection Directorate, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tivadar Vida
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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5
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Spekker O, Váradi OA, Szekeres A, Jäger HY, Zink A, Berner M, Pany-Kucera D, Strondl L, Klostermann P, Samu L, Király K, Bereczki Z, Molnár E, Pálfi G, Tihanyi B. A rare case of calvarial tuberculosis from the Avar Age (8th century CE) cemetery of Kaba-Bitózug (Hajdú-Bihar county, Hungary) - Pathogenesis and differential diagnostic aspects. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 135:102226. [PMID: 35759869 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our paper is to present and discuss in detail the bony changes indicative of tuberculosis (TB) that were identified in a skeleton (KB67), unearthed from grave 67 of the 8th-century-CE cemetery of Kaba-Bitózug (Hungary). Furthermore, to provide the differential diagnoses of the observed alterations, with special attention to the cranial osteolytic lesions. During the macro- and micromorphological examinations of KB67, the skull revealed three small, well-circumscribed, punched-out osteolytic lesions accompanied by endocranial granular impressions, abnormal blood vessel impressions, periosteal appositions, and cortical erosion. The postcranial skeleton exhibited osteolytic lesions, cortical remodelling and erosion, and signs of hypervascularisation in the spine. Based on the differential diagnosis of the cranial osteolytic lesions and their co-occurrence with endocranial and vertebral bony changes indicative of TB, they most likely resulted from tuberculous involvement of the frontal and left parietal bones. The morphologically established diagnosis was confirmed by a PCR analysis that provided evidence for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in KB67. KB67, the first reported archaeological case with calvarial TB from the present-day territory of Hungary, gives us a unique insight into the occurrence of a rare manifestation of TB in the Avar Age of the Great Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Spekker
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Múzeum körút 4/B, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Anna Váradi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Úri utca 54-56, H-1014, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Heidi Yoko Jäger
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Margit Berner
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Doris Pany-Kucera
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Liesa Strondl
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Paul Klostermann
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Levente Samu
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Múzeum körút 4/B, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kitty Király
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Bereczki
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Tihanyi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Úri utca 54-56, H-1014, Budapest, Hungary.
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6
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Vågene ÅJ, Honap TP, Harkins KM, Rosenberg MS, Giffin K, Cárdenas-Arroyo F, Leguizamón LP, Arnett J, Buikstra JE, Herbig A, Krause J, Stone AC, Bos KI. Geographically dispersed zoonotic tuberculosis in pre-contact South American human populations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1195. [PMID: 35256608 PMCID: PMC8901693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous ancient DNA research has shown that Mycobacterium pinnipedii, which today causes tuberculosis (TB) primarily in pinnipeds, infected human populations living in the coastal areas of Peru prior to European colonization. Skeletal evidence indicates the presence of TB in several pre-colonial South and North American populations with minimal access to marine resources- a scenario incompatible with TB transmission directly from infected pinnipeds or their tissues. In this study, we investigate the causative agent of TB in ten pre-colonial, non-coastal individuals from South America. We reconstruct M. pinnipedii genomes (10- to 15-fold mean coverage) from three contemporaneous individuals from inland Peru and Colombia, demonstrating the widespread dissemination of M. pinnipedii beyond the coast, either through human-to-human and/or animal-mediated routes. Overall, our study suggests that TB transmission in the pre-colonial era Americas involved a more complex transmission pathway than simple pinniped-to-human transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åshild J Vågene
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tanvi P Honap
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
| | - Kelly M Harkins
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Michael S Rosenberg
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Karen Giffin
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Judith Arnett
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- University of the Andes, School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jane E Buikstra
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anne C Stone
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Kirsten I Bos
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
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7
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Nelson EA, Buikstra JE, Herbig A, Tung TA, Bos KI. Advances in the molecular detection of tuberculosis in pre-contact Andean South America. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 29:128-140. [PMID: 31964606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Andean paleopathological research has significantly enhanced knowledge about the geographical distribution and evolution of tuberculosis (TB) in pre-Columbian South America. In this paper, we review the history and progress of research on ancient tuberculosis (TB) in the Andean region, focusing on the strengths and limitations of current approaches for the molecular detection of ancient pathogens, with special attention to TB. As a case study, we describe a molecular screening approach for the detection of ancient Mycobacterium tuberculosis in individuals from Late Intermediate Period (1000-1400 CE) contexts at the site of Huari, Peru. We evaluate 34 commingled human vertebrae and combine morphological assessments of pathology with high throughput sequencing and a non-selective approach to ancient pathogen DNA screening. Our method enabled the simultaneous detection of ancient M. tuberculosis DNA and an evaluation of the environmental microbial composition of each sample. Our results show that despite the dominance of environmental DNA, molecular signatures of M. tuberculosis were identified in eight vertebrae, six of which had no observable skeletal pathology classically associated tuberculosis infection. This screening approach will assist in the identification of candidate samples for downstream genomic analyses. The method permits higher resolution disease identification in cases where pathology may be absent, or where the archaeological context may necessitate a broad differential diagnosis based on morphology alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Nelson
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str 10, 07745 Jena, Germany; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jane E Buikstra
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, Arizona State University, 1151 S. Forest Ave., Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Tiffiny A Tung
- Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B #356050, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Kirsten I Bos
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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8
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Abstract
Over the past decade, a genomics revolution, made possible through the development of high-throughput sequencing, has triggered considerable progress in the study of ancient DNA, enabling complete genomes of past organisms to be reconstructed. A newly established branch of this field, ancient pathogen genomics, affords an in-depth view of microbial evolution by providing a molecular fossil record for a number of human-associated pathogens. Recent accomplishments include the confident identification of causative agents from past pandemics, the discovery of microbial lineages that are now extinct, the extrapolation of past emergence events on a chronological scale and the characterization of long-term evolutionary history of microorganisms that remain relevant to public health today. In this Review, we discuss methodological advancements, persistent challenges and novel revelations gained through the study of ancient pathogen genomes.
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9
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Borówka P, Pułaski Ł, Marciniak B, Borowska-Strugińska B, Dziadek J, Żądzińska E, Lorkiewicz W, Strapagiel D. Screening methods for detection of ancient Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex fingerprints in next-generation sequencing data derived from skeletal samples. Gigascience 2019; 8:5521156. [PMID: 31220249 PMCID: PMC6586198 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in ancient DNA studies, especially in increasing isolated DNA yields and quality, have opened the possibility of analysis of ancient host microbiome. However, such pitfalls as spurious identification of pathogens based on fragmentary data or environmental contamination could lead to incorrect epidaemiological conclusions. Within the Mycobacterium genus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members responsible for tuberculosis share up to ∼99% genomic sequence identity, while other more distantly related Mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis can be causative agents for pulmonary diseases or soil dwellers. Therefore, reliable determination of species complex is crucial for interpretation of sequencing results. RESULTS Here we present a novel bioinformatical approach, used for screening of ancient tuberculosis in sequencing data, derived from 28 individuals (dated 4400-4000 and 3100-2900 BC) from central Poland. We demonstrate that cost-effective next-generation screening sequencing data (∼20M reads per sample) could yield enough information to provide statistically supported identification of probable ancient disease cases. CONCLUSIONS Application of appropriate bioinformatic tools, including an unbiased selection of genomic alignment targets for species specificity, makes it possible to extract valid data from full-sample sequencing results (without subjective targeted enrichment procedures). This approach broadens the potential scope of palaeoepidaemiology both to older, suboptimally preserved samples and to pathogens with difficult intrageneric taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Borówka
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pułaski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.,Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232 Łódź, Poland
| | - Błażej Marciniak
- Biobank Lab, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 14 Pilarskiego Street, 90-231 Łódź, Poland.,BBMRI.pl Consortium, 147 Stabłowicka Street, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Borowska-Strugińska
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Street, 93-232 Łódź, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żądzińska
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Wiesław Lorkiewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 14 Pilarskiego Street, 90-231 Łódź, Poland.,BBMRI.pl Consortium, 147 Stabłowicka Street, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Honap TP, Pfister LA, Housman G, Mills S, Tarara RP, Suzuki K, Cuozzo FP, Sauther ML, Rosenberg MS, Stone AC. Mycobacterium leprae genomes from naturally infected nonhuman primates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006190. [PMID: 29381722 PMCID: PMC5790234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is caused by the bacterial pathogens Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Apart from humans, animals such as nine-banded armadillos in the Americas and red squirrels in the British Isles are naturally infected with M. leprae. Natural leprosy has also been reported in certain nonhuman primates, but it is not known whether these occurrences are due to incidental infections by human M. leprae strains or by M. leprae strains specific to nonhuman primates. In this study, complete M. leprae genomes from three naturally infected nonhuman primates (a chimpanzee from Sierra Leone, a sooty mangabey from West Africa, and a cynomolgus macaque from The Philippines) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the cynomolgus macaque M. leprae strain is most closely related to a human M. leprae strain from New Caledonia, whereas the chimpanzee and sooty mangabey M. leprae strains belong to a human M. leprae lineage commonly found in West Africa. Additionally, samples from ring-tailed lemurs from the Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar, and chimpanzees from Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, were screened using quantitative PCR assays, to assess the prevalence of M. leprae in wild nonhuman primates. However, these samples did not show evidence of M. leprae infection. Overall, this study adds genomic data for nonhuman primate M. leprae strains to the existing M. leprae literature and finds that this pathogen can be transmitted from humans to nonhuman primates as well as between nonhuman primate species. While the prevalence of natural leprosy in nonhuman primates is likely low, nevertheless, future studies should continue to explore the prevalence of leprosy-causing pathogens in the wild. Mycobacterium leprae, which causes leprosy in humans, also infects nine-banded armadillos, red squirrels, and nonhuman primates. Genomic data for M. leprae strains from wild armadillos and red squirrels show that humans were responsible for the original introduction of M. leprae to these species. It is not known whether naturally occurring leprosy among nonhuman primates is due to incidental infections from humans or whether nonhuman primates can serve as a host for M. leprae. To this end, we sequenced complete genomes of M. leprae strains from three naturally infected nonhuman primates. Our results suggest that M. leprae strains can be transmitted from humans to nonhuman primates as well as between nonhuman primate species, and thus, other primates might serve as a host for M. leprae in the wild. We also assessed whether wild ring-tailed lemurs from Madagascar and chimpanzees from Uganda showed presence of M. leprae infection. Although these populations tested negative for M. leprae infection, further research on the prevalence of M. leprae in other wild nonhuman primate populations, especially in leprosy-endemic regions, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi P. Honap
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TPH); (ACS)
| | - Luz-Andrea Pfister
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Genevieve Housman
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sarah Mills
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ross P. Tarara
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frank P. Cuozzo
- Lajuma Research Centre, Louis Trichardt (Machado), South Africa
| | - Michelle L. Sauther
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Rosenberg
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anne C. Stone
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TPH); (ACS)
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11
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Guichón RA, Buikstra JE, Stone AC, Harkins KM, Suby JA, Massone M, Prieto Lglesias A, Wilbur A, Constantinescu F, Rodríguez Martín C. Pre-Columbian tuberculosis in Tierra del Fuego? Discussion of the paleopathological and molecular evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2015; 11:92-101. [PMID: 28802973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work contributes to ongoing discussions about the nature of tuberculosis in the Western Hemisphere prior to the time of European contact. Our example, from the extreme south of South America was, at the time of our study, without firm temporal association or molecular characterization. In Tierra del Fuego, Constantinescu (1999) briefly described vertebral bone lesions compatible with TB in an undated skeleton from Myren 1 site (Chile). The remains of Myren are estimated to represent a man between 18 and 23 years old at the time of death. The objectives of this research are to extend this description, to present molecular results, to establish a radiocarbon date, and to report stable isotopic values for the remains. We provide further description of the remains, including tuberculosis-like skeletal pathology. Radiocarbon dating of 640±20 years BP attributes this individual to the precontact fourteenth-fifteenth centuries. Isotopic ratios for nitrogen and carbon from bone collagen suggest a mixed diet. Molecular results were positive for the rpoB quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays but negative for two independent IS6110 and IS1081 qPCR assays. Further testing using genomic methods to target any mycobacteria for specific identification are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Guichón
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (FACSO, UNCPBA), Dpto. Biología (FCEyN,UNMDP), Argentina.
| | - Jane E Buikstra
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Anne C Stone
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Kelly M Harkins
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Jorge A Suby
- CONICET, Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (FACSO, UNCPBA), Dpto. Biología (FCEyN,UNMDP), Argentina
| | - Mauricio Massone
- Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos (DIBAM), Museo de Historia Natural de Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Alicia Wilbur
- University of Washington, National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Conrado Rodríguez Martín
- Instituto de Bioantropología, Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
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12
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Housman G, Malukiewicz J, Boere V, Grativol AD, Pereira LCM, Silva IDOE, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Truman R, Stone AC. Validation of qPCR Methods for the Detection of Mycobacterium in New World Animal Reservoirs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004198. [PMID: 26571269 PMCID: PMC4646627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic pathogens that cause leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae) and tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, MTBC) continue to impact modern human populations. Therefore, methods able to survey mycobacterial infection in potential animal hosts are necessary for proper evaluation of human exposure threats. Here we tested for mycobacterial-specific single- and multi-copy loci using qPCR. In a trial study in which armadillos were artificially infected with M. leprae, these techniques were specific and sensitive to pathogen detection, while more traditional ELISAs were only specific. These assays were then employed in a case study to detect M. leprae as well as MTBC in wild marmosets. All marmosets were negative for M. leprae DNA, but 14 were positive for the mycobacterial rpoB gene assay. Targeted capture and sequencing of rpoB and other MTBC genes validated the presence of mycobacterial DNA in these samples and revealed that qPCR is useful for identifying mycobacterial-infected animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Housman
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joanna Malukiewicz
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanner Boere
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana D. Grativol
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientias, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cezar M. Pereira
- Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ita de Oliveira e Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Ruiz-Miranda
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientias, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Richard Truman
- HHS\HRSA\HSB National Hansen's Disease Program-NIAID IAA-2646, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Anne C. Stone
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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13
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Conservation archaeogenomics: ancient DNA and biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:540-9. [PMID: 26169594 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing consensus that we have entered the Anthropocene, a geologic epoch characterized by human domination of the ecosystems of the Earth. With the future uncertain, we are faced with understanding how global biodiversity will respond to anthropogenic perturbations. The archaeological record provides perspective on human-environment relations through time and across space. Ancient DNA (aDNA) analyses of plant and animal remains from archaeological sites are particularly useful for understanding past human-environment interactions, which can help guide conservation decisions during the environmental changes of the Anthropocene. Here, we define the emerging field of conservation archaeogenomics, which integrates archaeological and genomic data to generate baselines or benchmarks for scientists, managers, and policy-makers by evaluating climatic and human impacts on past, present, and future biodiversity.
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14
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Hagelberg E, Hofreiter M, Keyser C. Introduction. Ancient DNA: the first three decades. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20130371. [PMID: 25487324 PMCID: PMC4275880 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hagelberg
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Christine Keyser
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Laboratoire AMIS, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 5288, Strasbourg, France
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