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Oughou M, Biot E, Arnaud N, Maugarny-Calès A, Laufs P, Andrey P, Burguet J. Model-based reconstruction of whole organ growth dynamics reveals invariant patterns in leaf morphogenesis. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 4:e1. [PMID: 37077702 PMCID: PMC10095959 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ morphogenesis spans several orders of magnitude in time and space. Because of limitations in live-imaging, analysing whole organ growth from initiation to mature stages typically rely on static data sampled from different timepoints and individuals. We introduce a new model-based strategy for dating organs and for reconstructing morphogenetic trajectories over unlimited time windows based on static data. Using this approach, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana leaves are initiated at regular 1-day intervals. Despite contrasted adult morphologies, leaves of different ranks exhibited shared growth dynamics, with linear gradations of growth parameters according to leaf rank. At the sub-organ scale, successive serrations from same or different leaves also followed shared growth dynamics, suggesting that global and local leaf growth patterns are decoupled. Analysing mutants leaves with altered morphology highlighted the decorrelation between adult shapes and morphogenetic trajectories, thus stressing the benefits of our approach in identifying determinants and critical timepoints during organ morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Oughou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000Versailles, France
| | - Eric Biot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000Versailles, France
| | - Aude Maugarny-Calès
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000Versailles, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405Orsay, France
| | - Patrick Laufs
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Andrey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000Versailles, France
| | - Jasmine Burguet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000Versailles, France
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Chiappini C, Chen Y, Aslanoglou S, Mariano A, Mollo V, Mu H, De Rosa E, He G, Tasciotti E, Xie X, Santoro F, Zhao W, Voelcker NH, Elnathan R. Tutorial: using nanoneedles for intracellular delivery. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4539-4563. [PMID: 34426708 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of advanced therapeutics, including biologicals and supramolecular agents, is complex because of the natural biological barriers that have evolved to protect the cell. Efficient delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids, proteins, peptides and nanoparticles is crucial for clinical adoption of emerging technologies that can benefit disease treatment through gene and cell therapy. Nanoneedles are arrays of vertical high-aspect-ratio nanostructures that can precisely manipulate complex processes at the cell interface, enabling effective intracellular delivery. This emerging technology has already enabled the development of efficient and non-destructive routes for direct access to intracellular environments and delivery of cell-impermeant payloads. However, successful implementation of this technology requires knowledge of several scientific fields, making it complex to access and adopt by researchers who are not directly involved in developing nanoneedle platforms. This presents an obstacle to the widespread adoption of nanoneedle technologies for drug delivery. This tutorial aims to equip researchers with the knowledge required to develop a nanoinjection workflow. It discusses the selection of nanoneedle devices, approaches for cargo loading and strategies for interfacing to biological systems and summarises an array of bioassays that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK. .,London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Yaping Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stella Aslanoglou
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Mariano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Mollo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Huanwen Mu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrica De Rosa
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gen He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Hospital, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Sclavo Pharma, Siena, Italy
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Bostock MP, Prasad AR, Chaouni R, Yuen AC, Sousa-Nunes R, Amoyel M, Fernandes VM. An Immobilization Technique for Long-Term Time-Lapse Imaging of Explanted Drosophila Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:590094. [PMID: 33117817 PMCID: PMC7576353 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.590094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-lapse imaging is an essential tool to study dynamic biological processes that cannot be discerned from fixed samples alone. However, imaging cell- and tissue-level processes in intact animals poses numerous challenges if the organism is opaque and/or motile. Explant cultures of intact tissues circumvent some of these challenges, but sample drift remains a considerable obstacle. We employed a simple yet effective technique to immobilize tissues in medium-bathed agarose. We applied this technique to study multiple Drosophila tissues from first-instar larvae to adult stages in various orientations and with no evidence of anisotropic pressure or stress damage. Using this method, we were able to image fine features for up to 18 h and make novel observations. Specifically, we report that fibers characteristic of quiescent neuroblasts are inherited by their basal daughters during reactivation; that the lamina in the developing visual system is assembled roughly 2-3 columns at a time; that lamina glia positions are dynamic during development; and that the nuclear envelopes of adult testis cyst stem cells do not break down completely during mitosis. In all, we demonstrate that our protocol is well-suited for tissue immobilization and long-term live imaging, enabling new insights into tissue and cell dynamics in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Bostock
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anadika R. Prasad
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Chaouni
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice C. Yuen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Sousa-Nunes
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Amoyel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vilaiwan M. Fernandes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Shiflett LA, Tiede-Lewis LM, Xie Y, Lu Y, Ray EC, Dallas SL. Collagen Dynamics During the Process of Osteocyte Embedding and Mineralization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:178. [PMID: 31620436 PMCID: PMC6759523 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lora A. Shiflett
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - LeAnn M. Tiede-Lewis
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Yixia Xie
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eleanor C. Ray
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Sarah L. Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Sarah L. Dallas,
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Abstract
Over the past two decades there have been unprecedented advances in the capabilities for live cell imaging using light and confocal microscopy. Together with the discovery of green fluorescent protein and its derivatives and the development of a vast array of fluorescent imaging probes and conjugates, it is now possible to image virtually any intracellular or extracellular protein or structure. Traditional static imaging of fixed bone cells and tissues takes a snapshot view of events at a specific time point, but can often miss the dynamic aspects of the events being investigated. This chapter provides an overview of the application of live cell imaging approaches for the study of bone cells and bone organ cultures. Rather than emphasizing technical aspects of the imaging equipment, which may vary in different laboratories, we focus on what we consider to be the important principles that are of most practical use for an investigator setting up these techniques in their own laboratory. We also provide detailed protocols that our laboratory has used for live imaging of bone cell and organ cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Patricia A Veno
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - LeAnn M Tiede-Lewis
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Blanchard GB. Taking the strain: quantifying the contributions of all cell behaviours to changes in epithelial shape. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2015.0513. [PMID: 28348250 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer-assisted tracking of the shapes of many cells over long periods of development has driven the exploration of novel ways to quantify the contributions of different cell behaviours to morphogenesis. A handful of similar methods have now been published that are used to calculate tissue deformations (strain rates) in epithelia. These methods are further used to quantify strain rates attributable to each of the cell behaviours in the tissue, such as cell shape change, cell rearrangement and cell division, that together sum to the tissue strain rates. In this review, aimed at developmental biologists, I will introduce the general approach, characterize differences in current approaches and highlight extensions of these methods that remain to be fully explored. The methods will make a major contribution to the emerging field of tissue mechanics. Precisely quantified strain rates are an essential first step towards exploring constitutive equations relating stress to strain via tissue mechanical properties.This article is part of the themed issue 'Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy B Blanchard
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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