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Akaarir M, Martorell-Barceló M, Morro B, Suau M, Alós J, Aspillaga E, Gamundí A, Grau A, Lana A, Nicolau MC, Pons A, Rial RV, Signaroli M, Barcelo-Serra M. Measuring activity-rest rhythms under different acclimation periods in a marine fish using automatic deep learning-based video tracking. Chronobiol Int 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38975732 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2371143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Most organisms synchronize to an approximately 24-hour (circadian) rhythm. This study introduces a novel deep learning-powered video tracking method to assess the stability, fragmentation, robustness and synchronization of activity rhythms in Xyrichtys novacula. Experimental X. novacula were distributed into three groups and monitored for synchronization to a 14/10 hours of light/dark to assess acclimation to laboratory conditions. Group GP7 acclimated for 1 week and was tested from days 7 to 14, GP14 acclimated for 14 days and was tested from days 14 to 21 and GP21 acclimated for 21 days and was tested from days 21 to 28. Telemetry data from individuals in the wild depicted their natural behavior. Wild fish displayed a robust and minimally fragmented rhythm, entrained to the natural photoperiod. Under laboratory conditions, differences in activity levels were observed between light and dark phases. However, no differences were observed in activity rhythm metrics among laboratory groups related to acclimation period. Notably, longer acclimation (GP14 and GP21) led to a larger proportion of individuals displaying rhythm synchronization with the imposed photoperiod. Our work introduces a novel approach for monitoring biological rhythms in laboratory conditions, employing a specifically engineered video tracking system based on deep learning, adaptable for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Akaarir
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Ritmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears IDISBA, IUNICS, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Bernat Morro
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Margalida Suau
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Ritmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears IDISBA, IUNICS, Palma, Spain
| | - Josep Alós
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Eneko Aspillaga
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Antoni Gamundí
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Ritmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears IDISBA, IUNICS, Palma, Spain
| | - Amalia Grau
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuicultura de Andratx (IRFAP LIMIA), Andratx, Spain
| | - Arancha Lana
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - M Cristina Nicolau
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Ritmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears IDISBA, IUNICS, Palma, Spain
| | - Aina Pons
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Rubén V Rial
- Laboratorio del Sueño y Ritmos Biológicos, Universitat de les Illes Balears IDISBA, IUNICS, Palma, Spain
| | - Marco Signaroli
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain
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2
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Oda GA, Valentinuzzi VS. A clock for all seasons in the subterranean. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024; 210:677-689. [PMID: 37815602 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-023-01677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In 1976, Pittendrigh and Daan established a theoretical framework which has coordinated research on circadian clock entrainment and photoperiodism until today. The "wild clocks" approach, which concerns studying wild species in their natural habitats, has served to test their models, add new insights, and open new directions of research. Here, we review an integrated laboratory, field and modeling work conducted with subterranean rodents (Ctenomys sp.) living under an extreme pattern of natural daily light exposure. Tracking animal movement and light exposure with biologgers across seasons and performing laboratory experiments on running-wheel cages, we uncovered the mechanisms of day/night entrainment of the clock and of photoperiodic time measurement in this subterranean organism. We confirmed most of the features of Pittendrigh and Daan's models but highlighted the importance of integrating them with ecophysiological techniques, methodologies, and theories to get a full picture of the clock in the wild. This integration is essential to fully establish the importance of the temporal dimension in ecological studies and tackling relevant questions such as the role of the clock for all seasons in a changing planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele A Oda
- Laboratório Binacional de Cronobiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Seymoure B, Dell A, Hölker F, Kalinkat G. A framework for untangling the consequences of artificial light at night on species interactions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220356. [PMID: 37899016 PMCID: PMC10613547 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although much evidence exists showing organismal consequences from artificial light at night (ALAN), large knowledge gaps remain regarding ALAN affecting species interactions. Species interactions occur via shared spatio-temporal niches among species, which may be determined by natural light levels. We review how ALAN is altering these spatio-temporal niches through expanding twilight or full Moon conditions and constricting nocturnal conditions as well as creating patches of bright and dark. We review literature from a database to determine if ALAN is affecting species interactions via spatio-temporal dynamics. The literature indicates a growing interest in ALAN and species interactions: 58% of the studies we analysed have been published since 2020. Seventy-five of 79 studies found ALAN altered species interactions. Enhancements and reductions of species interactions were equally documented. Many studies revealed ALAN affecting species interactions spatially, but few revealed temporal alterations. There are biases regarding species interactions and ALAN-most studies investigated predator-prey interactions with vertebrates as predators and invertebrates as prey. Following this literature review, we suggest avenues, such as remote sensing and animal tracking, that can guide future research on the consequences of ALAN on species interactions across spatial and temporal axes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Light pollution in complex ecological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Seymoure
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Anthony Dell
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, Alton, IL 62024, USA
- Department of Biology, WashingtonUniversity in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Franz Hölker
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Kalinkat
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Gilbert NA, McGinn KA, Nunes LA, Shipley AA, Bernath-Plaisted J, Clare JDJ, Murphy PW, Keyser SR, Thompson KL, Maresh Nelson SB, Cohen JM, Widick IV, Bartel SL, Orrock JL, Zuckerberg B. Daily activity timing in the Anthropocene. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:324-336. [PMID: 36402653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animals are facing novel 'timescapes' in which the stimuli entraining their daily activity patterns no longer match historical conditions due to anthropogenic disturbance. However, the ecological effects (e.g., altered physiology, species interactions) of novel activity timing are virtually unknown. We reviewed 1328 studies and found relatively few focusing on anthropogenic effects on activity timing. We suggest three hypotheses to stimulate future research: (i) activity-timing mismatches determine ecological effects, (ii) duration and timing of timescape modification influence effects, and (iii) consequences of altered activity timing vary biogeographically due to broad-scale variation in factors compressing timescapes. The continued growth of sampling technologies promises to facilitate the study of the consequences of altered activity timing, with emerging applications for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Gilbert
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kate A McGinn
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Laura A Nunes
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Amy A Shipley
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jacy Bernath-Plaisted
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John D J Clare
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Penelope W Murphy
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Spencer R Keyser
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kimberly L Thompson
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Scott B Maresh Nelson
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeremy M Cohen
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ivy V Widick
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Savannah L Bartel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John L Orrock
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Benjamin Zuckerberg
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Meijdam M, Müller W, Thys B, Eens M. No relationship between chronotype and timing of breeding when variation in daily activity patterns across the breeding season is taken into account. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9353. [PMID: 36188525 PMCID: PMC9490139 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that individuals are consistent in the timing of their daily activities, and that individual variation in temporal behavior is related to the timing of reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether observed patterns relate to the timing of the onset of activity or whether an early onset of activity extends the time that is available for foraging. This may then again facilitate reproduction. Furthermore, the timing of activity onset and offset may vary across the breeding season, which may complicate studying the above‐mentioned relationships. Here, we examined in a wild population of great tits (Parus major) whether an early clutch initiation date may be related to an early onset of activity and/or to longer active daylengths. We also investigated how these parameters are affected by the date of measurement. To test these hypotheses, we measured emergence and entry time from/into the nest box as proxies for activity onset and offset in females during the egg laying phase. We then determined active daylength. Both emergence time and active daylength were related to clutch initiation date. However, a more detailed analysis showed that the timing of activities with respect to sunrise and sunset varied throughout the breeding season both within and among individuals. The observed positive relationships are hence potentially statistical artifacts. After methodologically correcting for this date effect, by using data from the pre‐egg laying phase, where all individuals were measured on the same days, neither of the relationships remained significant. Taking methodological pitfalls and temporal variation into account may hence be crucial for understanding the significance of chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Meijdam
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Wendt Müller
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Bert Thys
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
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6
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Geissmann Q, Abram PK, Wu D, Haney CH, Carrillo J. Sticky Pi is a high-frequency smart trap that enables the study of insect circadian activity under natural conditions. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001689. [PMID: 35797311 PMCID: PMC9262196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of severe environmental crises that threaten insect biodiversity, new technologies are imperative to monitor both the identity and ecology of insect species. Traditionally, insect surveys rely on manual collection of traps, which provide abundance data but mask the large intra- and interday variations in insect activity, an important facet of their ecology. Although laboratory studies have shown that circadian processes are central to insects' biological functions, from feeding to reproduction, we lack the high-frequency monitoring tools to study insect circadian biology in the field. To address these issues, we developed the Sticky Pi, a novel, autonomous, open-source, insect trap that acquires images of sticky cards every 20 minutes. Using custom deep learning algorithms, we automatically and accurately scored where, when, and which insects were captured. First, we validated our device in controlled laboratory conditions with a classic chronobiological model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Then, we deployed an array of Sticky Pis to the field to characterise the daily activity of an agricultural pest, Drosophila suzukii, and its parasitoid wasps. Finally, we demonstrate the wide scope of our smart trap by describing the sympatric arrangement of insect temporal niches in a community, without targeting particular taxa a priori. Together, the automatic identification and high sampling rate of our tool provide biologists with unique data that impacts research far beyond chronobiology, with applications to biodiversity monitoring and pest control as well as fundamental implications for phenology, behavioural ecology, and ecophysiology. We released the Sticky Pi project as an open community resource on https://doc.sticky-pi.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Geissmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Unceded xʼməθkʼəýəm Musqueam Territory), British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul K. Abram
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Unceded xʼməθkʼəýəm Musqueam Territory), British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cara H. Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juli Carrillo
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Unceded xʼməθkʼəýəm Musqueam Territory), British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Brochu MP, Aubin-Horth N. Shedding light on the circadian clock of the threespine stickleback. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb242970. [PMID: 34854903 PMCID: PMC8729910 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is an internal timekeeping system shared by most organisms, and knowledge about its functional importance and evolution in natural environments is still needed. Here, we investigated the circadian clock of wild-caught threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) at the behavioural and molecular levels. Although their behaviour, ecology and evolution are well studied, information on their circadian rhythms are scarce. We quantified the daily locomotor activity rhythm under a light:dark cycle (LD) and under constant darkness (DD). Under LD, all fish exhibited significant daily rhythmicity, while under DD, only 18% of individuals remained rhythmic. This interindividual variation suggests that the circadian clock controls activity only in certain individuals. Moreover, under LD, some fish were almost exclusively nocturnal, while others were active around the clock. Furthermore, the most nocturnal fish were also the least active. These results suggest that light masks activity (i.e. suppresses activity without entraining the internal clock) more strongly in some individuals than others. Finally, we quantified the expression of five clock genes in the brain of sticklebacks under DD using qPCR. We did not detect circadian rhythmicity, which could indicate either that the clock molecular oscillator is highly light-dependent, or that there was an oscillation but that we were unable to detect it. Overall, our study suggests that a strong circadian control on behavioural rhythms may not necessarily be advantageous in a natural population of sticklebacks and that the daily phase of activity varies greatly between individuals because of a differential masking effect of light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Aubin-Horth
- Département de Biologie and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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8
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Tomotani BM, Muijres FT, Johnston B, van der Jeugd HP, Naguib M. Great tits do not compensate over time for a radio-tag-induced reduction in escape-flight performance. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16600-16617. [PMID: 34938460 PMCID: PMC8668726 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biologging and tracking devices is widespread in avian behavioral and ecological studies. Carrying these devices rarely has major behavioral or fitness effects in the wild, yet it may still impact animals in more subtle ways, such as during high power demanding escape maneuvers. Here, we tested whether or not great tits (Parus major) carrying a backpack radio-tag changed their body mass or flight behavior over time to compensate for the detrimental effect of carrying a tag. We tested 18 great tits, randomly assigned to a control (untagged) or one of two different types of a radio-tag as used in previous studies in the wild (0.9 g or 1.2 g; ~5% or ~6-7% of body mass, respectively), and determined their upward escape-flight performance 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after tagging. In between experiments, birds were housed in large free-flight aviaries. For each escape-flight, we used high-speed 3D videography to determine flight paths, escape-flight speed, wingbeat frequency, and actuator disk loading (ratio between the bird weight and aerodynamic thrust production capacity). Tagged birds flew upward with lower escape-flight speeds, caused by an increased actuator disk loading. During the 28-day period, all groups slightly increased their body mass and their in-flight wingbeat frequency. In addition, during this period, all groups of birds increased their escape-flight speed, but tagged birds did so at a lower rate than untagged birds. This suggests that birds may increase their escape-flight performance through skill learning; however, tagged birds still remained slower than controls. Our findings suggest that tagging a songbird can have a prolonged effect on the performance of rapid flight maneuvers. Given the absence of tag effects on reproduction and survival in most songbird radio-tagging studies, tagged birds in the wild might adjust their risk-taking behavior to avoid performing rapid flight maneuvers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M. Tomotani
- Department of Animal EcologyNetherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Experimental Zoology GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Florian T. Muijres
- Experimental Zoology GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bronwyn Johnston
- Experimental Zoology GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk P. van der Jeugd
- Department of Animal EcologyNetherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Naguib
- Behavioural Ecology GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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9
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Desbiez ALJ, Kluyber D, Massocato GF, Attias N. Methods for the characterization of activity patterns in elusive species: the giant armadillo in the Brazilian Pantanal. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. J. Desbiez
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- IPÊ ‐ Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Nazaré Paulista São Paulo Brasil
- RZSS ‐ Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Murrayfield Edinburgh UK
| | - D. Kluyber
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardens Naples FL USA
| | - G. F. Massocato
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- IPÊ ‐ Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Nazaré Paulista São Paulo Brasil
- Houston Zoo Houston TX USA
| | - N. Attias
- ICAS ‐ Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul Cidade Universitária Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brasil
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10
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Elderbrock EK, Hau M, Greives TJ. Sex steroids modulate circadian behavioral rhythms in captive animals, but does this matter in the wild? Horm Behav 2021; 128:104900. [PMID: 33245879 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all organisms alter physiological and behavioral activities across the twenty-four-hour day. Endogenous timekeeping mechanisms, which are responsive to environmental and internal cues, allow organisms to anticipate predictable environmental changes and time their daily activities. Among-individual variation in the chronotype, or phenotypic output of these timekeeping mechanisms (i.e. timing of daily behaviors), is often observed in organisms studied under naturalistic environmental conditions. The neuroendocrine system, including sex steroids, has been implicated in the regulation and modulation of endogenous clocks and their behavioral outputs. Numerous studies have found clear evidence that sex steroids modulate circadian and daily timing of activities in captive animals under controlled conditions. However, little is known about how sex steroids influence daily behavioral rhythms in wild organisms or what, if any, implication this may have for survival and reproductive fitness. Here we review the evidence that sex steroids modulate daily timing in vertebrates under controlled conditions. We then discuss how this relationship may be relevant for the reproductive success and fitness of wild organisms and discuss the limited evidence that sex steroids modulate circadian rhythms in wild organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Elderbrock
- North Dakota State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - Michaela Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Evolutionary Physiology Research Group, Seewiesen, Germany; University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Timothy J Greives
- North Dakota State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
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11
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Sahu BK, Parganiha A, Pati AK. Time-of-day and seasonal variations in foraging behavior of street cattle of urban Raipur, India. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1794646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Kumar Sahu
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Arti Parganiha
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Atanu Kumar Pati
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- School of Zoology, Gangadhar Meher University, Sambalpur, India
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12
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Dominoni DM, Halfwerk W, Baird E, Buxton RT, Fernández-Juricic E, Fristrup KM, McKenna MF, Mennitt DJ, Perkin EK, Seymoure BM, Stoner DC, Tennessen JB, Toth CA, Tyrrell LP, Wilson A, Francis CD, Carter NH, Barber JR. Why conservation biology can benefit from sensory ecology. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:502-511. [PMID: 32203474 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Global expansion of human activities is associated with the introduction of novel stimuli, such as anthropogenic noise, artificial lights and chemical agents. Progress in documenting the ecological effects of sensory pollutants is weakened by sparse knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these effects. This severely limits our capacity to devise mitigation measures. Here, we integrate knowledge of animal sensory ecology, physiology and life history to articulate three perceptual mechanisms-masking, distracting and misleading-that clearly explain how and why anthropogenic sensory pollutants impact organisms. We then link these three mechanisms to ecological consequences and discuss their implications for conservation. We argue that this framework can reveal the presence of 'sensory danger zones', hotspots of conservation concern where sensory pollutants overlap in space and time with an organism's activity, and foster development of strategic interventions to mitigate the impact of sensory pollutants. Future research that applies this framework will provide critical insight to preserve the natural sensory world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide M Dominoni
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. .,Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter Halfwerk
- Department of Ecological Science, Section Animal Ecology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emily Baird
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rachel T Buxton
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Kurt M Fristrup
- National Park Service, Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Megan F McKenna
- National Park Service, Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth K Perkin
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Group, Hatfield Consultants, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brett M Seymoure
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David C Stoner
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - Cory A Toth
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke P Tyrrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Clinton D Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Neil H Carter
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jesse R Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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13
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Burger AL, Fennessy J, Fennessy S, Dierkes PW. Nightly selection of resting sites and group behavior reveal antipredator strategies in giraffe. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2917-2927. [PMID: 32211165 PMCID: PMC7083675 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the first findings on nocturnal behavior patterns of wild Angolan giraffe. We characterized their nocturnal behavior and analyzed the influence of ecological factors such as group size, season, and habitat use. Giraffe were observed using night vision systems and thermal imaging cameras on Okapuka Ranch, Namibia. A total of 77 giraffe were observed during 24 nights over two distinct periods-July-August 2016 (dry season) and February-March 2017 (wet season). Photoperiod had a marked influence on their activity and moving behavior. At dusk, giraffe reduced the time spent moving and increasingly lay down and slept at the onset of darkness. Body postures that likely correspond to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep posture (RSP) were observed 15.8 ± 18.3 min after giraffe sat down. Season had a significant effect with longer RSP phases during the dry season (dry: 155.2 ± 191.1 s, n = 79; wet: 85.8 ± 94.9 s, n = 73). Further analyses of the influence of social behavior patterns did not show an effect of group size on RSP lengths. When a group of giraffe spent time at a specific resting site, several individuals were alert (vigilant) while other group members sat down or took up RSP. Simultaneous RSP events within a group were rarely observed. Resting sites were characterized by single trees or sparse bushes on open areas allowing for good visibility in a relatively sheltered location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Burger
- Bioscience Education and Zoo BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Julian Fennessy
- Giraffe Conservation FoundationWindhoekNamibia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Paul W. Dierkes
- Bioscience Education and Zoo BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
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14
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Baldwin JW, Dechmann DKN, Thies W, Whitehead SR. Defensive fruit metabolites obstruct seed dispersal by altering bat behavior and physiology at multiple temporal scales. Ecology 2020; 101:e02937. [PMID: 31750543 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The paradoxical presence of toxic chemical compounds in ripe fruits represents a balance between plant enemies and allies: chemical traits can defend seeds against antagonistic herbivores, seed predators, or fungal pathogens, but also can impose costs by repelling mutualistic seed dispersers, although the costs are often difficult to quantify. Seeds gain fitness benefits from traveling far from the parent plant, as they can escape from parental competition and elude specialized herbivores as well as pathogens that accumulate on adult plants. However, seeds are difficult to follow from their parent plant to their final destination. Thus, little is known about the factors that determine seed dispersal distance. We investigated this potential cost of fruit secondary compounds, reduced seed dispersal distance, by combining two data sets from previous work on a Neotropical bat-plant dispersal system (bats in the genus Carollia and plants in the genus Piper). We used data from captive behavioral experiments, which show how amides in ripe fruits of Piper decrease the retention time of seeds and alter food choices. With new analyses, we show that these defensive secondary compounds also delay the time of fruit removal. Next, with a behaviorally annotated bat telemetry data set, we quantified post-feeding movements (i.e., seed dispersal distances). Using generalized additive mixed models we found that seed dispersal distances varied nonlinearly with gut retention times as well as with the time of fruit removal. By interrogating the model predictions, we identified two novel mechanisms by which fruit secondary compounds can impose costs in terms of decreased seed dispersal distances: (1) small-scale reductions in gut retention time and (2) causing fruits to forgo advantageous bat activity peaks that confer high seed dispersal distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Baldwin
- Department of Public Health, School of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
| | - Wibke Thies
- Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ GmbH), Eschborn, 65760, Germany
| | - Susan R Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, MC 0390, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
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15
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Dominoni DM, Nelson RJ. Artificial light at night as an environmental pollutant: An integrative approach across taxa, biological functions, and scientific disciplines. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2019; 329:387-393. [PMID: 30371014 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide M Dominoni
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown,, Virginia
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16
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Sahu BK, Parganiha A, Pati AK. Spatiotemporal variability in activity patterns of urban street cattle as function of environmental factors. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1362-1372. [PMID: 31368370 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1644345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we studied behavioral patterns, such as foraging, activity, standing, and laying in a population of cattle wandering on streets of Raipur city. We also determined the effects of four environmental factors (temperature, humidity, light, and noise intensities) on these behaviors. We recorded all four behavioral variables at four time points each day over a period of three consecutive days at 10 randomly selected locations using on-site human observation method, digital video, and still camera. We used Cosinor rhythmometry to analyze the time series data on all four behavioral variables. One-way ANOVA was performed to determine the impact of the factor "time of the day" on all observed behavioral variables. Pearson correlation was also employed to evaluate the relationship between the environmental and behavioral variables. Cosinor analyses revealed statistically significant 24-h rhythms in all observed behavioral variables, at the group level, with peaks of foraging, activity, standing, and laying located at 11.54 h, 14.54 h, 18.66 h, and 23.88 h, respectively. Factor "time of the day" had statistically significant effect on all observed behavioral variables. Foraging and activity were found to be positively correlated with temperature, light, and noise intensities; and negatively correlated with humidity. The laying behavior was found to be negatively associated with temperature, light, and noise intensities; and positively correlated with humidity. The findings of this study might be helpful in the management of cattle menace that has become an annoying phenomenon on the streets and highways of almost all Indian cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Kumar Sahu
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , India
| | - Arti Parganiha
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , India.,Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , India
| | - Atanu Kumar Pati
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , India.,Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University , Raipur , India.,School of Zoology, Gangadhar Meher University , Sambalpur , India
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17
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Jannetti MG, Buck CL, Valentinuzzi VS, Oda GA. Day and night in the subterranean: measuring daily activity patterns of subterranean rodents ( Ctenomys aff. knighti) using bio-logging. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz044. [PMID: 31341624 PMCID: PMC6640163 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While most studies of the impacts of climate change have investigated shifts in the spatial distribution of organisms, temporal shifts in the time of activity is another important adjustment made by animals in a changing world. Due to the importance of light and temperature cycles in shaping activity patterns, studies of activity patterns of organisms that inhabit extreme environments with respect to the 24-hour cyclicity of Earth have the potential to provide important insights into the interrelationships among abiotic variables, behaviour and physiology. Our previous laboratory studies with Argentinean tuco-tucos from the Monte desert (Ctenomys aff. knighti) show that these subterranean rodents display circadian activity/rest rhythms that can be synchronized by artificial light/dark cycles. Direct observations indicate that tuco-tucos emerge mainly for foraging and for removal of soil from their burrows. Here we used bio-logging devices for individual, long-term recording of daily activity/rest (accelerometry) and time on surface (light-loggers) of six tuco-tucos maintained in outdoor semi-natural enclosures. Environmental variables were measured simultaneously. Activity bouts were detected both during day and night but 77% of the highest values happened during the daytime and 47% of them coincided with time on surface. Statistical analyses indicate time of day and temperature as the main environmental factors modulating time on surface. In this context, the total duration that these subterranean animals spent on surface was high during the winter, averaging 3 h per day and time on surface occurred when underground temperature was lowest. Finally, transport of these animals to the indoor laboratory and subsequent assessment of their activity rhythms under constant darkness revealed a switch in the timing of activity. Plasticity of activity timing is not uncommon among desert rodents and may be adaptive in changing environments, such as the desert where this species lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene G Jannetti
- Laboratorio Binacional Argentina-Brasil de Cronobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Veronica S Valentinuzzi
- Laboratorio Binacional Argentina-Brasil de Cronobiologia, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia Tecnológica (CRILAR), Entre Ríos y Mendoza, s/n, Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Gisele A Oda
- Laboratorio Binacional Argentina-Brasil de Cronobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Plaschke S, Bulla M, Cruz-López M, Gómez del Ángel S, Küpper C. Nest initiation and flooding in response to season and semi-lunar spring tides in a ground-nesting shorebird. Front Zool 2019; 16:15. [PMID: 31139233 PMCID: PMC6533712 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine and intertidal organisms face the rhythmic environmental changes induced by tides. The large amplitude of spring tides that occur around full and new moon may threaten nests of ground-nesting birds. These birds face a trade-off between ensuring nest safety from tidal flooding and nesting near the waterline to provide their newly hatched offspring with suitable foraging opportunities. The semi-lunar periodicity of spring tides may enable birds to schedule nest initiation adaptively, for example, by initiating nests around tidal peaks when the water line reaches the farthest into the intertidal habitat. We examined the impact of semi-lunar tidal changes on the phenology of nest flooding and nest initiation in Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) breeding at Bahía de Ceuta, a coastal wetland in Northwest Mexico. RESULTS Using nest initiations and fates of 752 nests monitored over ten years we found that the laying season coincides with the lowest spring tides of the year and only 6% of all nests were flooded by tides. Tidal nest flooding varied substantially over time. First, flooding was the primary cause of nest failures in two of the ten seasons indicating high between-season stochasticity. Second, nests were flooded almost exclusively during the second half of the laying season. Third, nest flooding was associated with the semi-lunar spring tide cycle as nests initiated around spring tide had a lower risk of being flooded than nests initiated at other times. Following the spring tide rhythm, plovers appeared to adapt to this risk of flooding with nest initiation rates highest around spring tides and lowest around neap tides. CONCLUSIONS Snowy Plovers appear generally well adapted to the risk of nest flooding by spring tides. Our results are in line with other studies showing that intertidal organisms have evolved adaptive responses to predictable rhythmic tidal changes but these adaptations do not prevent occasional catastrophic losses caused by stochastic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Plaschke
- Institute for Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Bulla
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str., 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Medardo Cruz-López
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Salvador Gómez del Ángel
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Clemens Küpper
- Institute for Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str., 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
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19
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Berberich GM, Berberich MB, Ellison AM, Grumpe A, Wöhler C. First In Situ Identification of Ultradian and Infradian Rhythms, and Nocturnal Locomotion Activities of Four Colonies of Red Wood Ants ( Formica rufa-Group). J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:19-38. [PMID: 30793651 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418821446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In situ activity patterns of 2 Formica rufa-group species ( F. pratensis; F. polyctena) were continuously studied at 4 different red wood-ant nests for 6 months in each of the years 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2016 and related to weather factors and variations in the Earth's magnetic field. The in situ activity patterns of both species were similarly periodic and exhibited ultradian, and short- and long infradian rhythms under natural LD conditions. Crepuscular and nocturnal activities shorter than or equal to 4 h were observed in both species, especially at the new moon and first quarter after the astronomical twilight in a period of darkness in fall. We hypothesize that local variability in the Earth's magnetic field affects these long-term activity patterns, whereas humidity and temperature were more strongly associated with ultradian rhythms (less than 20 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele M Berberich
- Image Analysis Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Arne Grumpe
- Image Analysis Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Wöhler
- Image Analysis Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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20
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Sbragaglia V, Nuñez JD, Dominoni D, Coco S, Fanelli E, Azzurro E, Marini S, Nogueras M, Ponti M, Del Rio Fernandez J, Aguzzi J. Annual rhythms of temporal niche partitioning in the Sparidae family are correlated to different environmental variables. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1708. [PMID: 30737412 PMCID: PMC6368640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The seasonal timing of recurring biological processes is essential for organisms living in temperate regions. While ample knowledge of these processes exists for terrestrial environments, seasonal timing in the marine environment is relatively understudied. Here, we characterized the annual rhythm of habitat use in six fish species belonging to the Sparidae family, highlighting the main environmental variables that correlate to such rhythms. The study was conducted at a coastal artificial reef through a cabled observatory system, which allowed gathering underwater time-lapse images every 30 minutes consecutively over 3 years. Rhythms of fish counts had a significant annual periodicity in four out of the six studied species. Species-specific temporal patterns were found, demonstrating a clear annual temporal niche partitioning within the studied family. Temperature was the most important environmental variable correlated with fish counts in the proximity of the artificial reef, while daily photoperiod and salinity were not important. In a scenario of human-induced rapid environmental change, tracking phenological shifts may provide key indications about the effects of climate change at both species and ecosystem level. Our study reinforces the efficacy of underwater cabled video-observatories as a reliable tool for long-term monitoring of phenological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Sbragaglia
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via del Cedro 38, 57122, Livorno, Italy.
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jesús D Nuñez
- IIMyC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET - FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes, 3250(7600), Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Davide Dominoni
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - Salvatore Coco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Fanelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ernesto Azzurro
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via del Cedro 38, 57122, Livorno, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica A Dohrn, Villa comunale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simone Marini
- Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council of Italy, Forte Santa Teresa, la Spezia, Italy
| | - Marc Nogueras
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via del Cedro 38, 57122, Livorno, Italy
| | - Massimo Ponti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - Joaquin Del Rio Fernandez
- SARTI Research Group. Dept. Eng. Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain
| | - Jacopo Aguzzi
- Marine Science Institute (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Kranstauber B. Modelling animal movement as Brownian bridges with covariates. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2019; 7:22. [PMID: 31293785 PMCID: PMC6591895 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to observe animal movement and possible correlates has increased strongly over the past decades. Methods to analyze trajectories have developed in parallel, but many tools fail to make an immediate connection between a movement model, covariates of the movement, and animal space use. METHODS Here I develop a novel method based on the Brownian Bridge Movement Model that facilitates investigating and testing covariates of movement. The model makes it possible to flexibly investigate different covariates including, for example, periodic movement patterns. RESULTS I applied the Brownian Bridge Covariates Model (BBCM) to simulated trajectories demonstrating its ability to reproduce the parameters used for the simulation. I also applied the model to a GPS trajectory of a meerkat, showing its application to empirical data. The value of the model was shown by testing the interaction between maximal daily temperature and the daily movement pattern. CONCLUSION This model produces accurate parameter estimates for covariates of the movements and location error in simulated trajectories. Application to the meerkat trajectory also produced plausible parameter estimates. This new method opens the possibility to directly test hypotheses about the influence of covariates on animal movement while linking these to space-use estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Kranstauber
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057 Switzerland
- Kalahari Meerkat Project, Kuruman River Reserve, P.O. Box 64, Van Zylsrus, 8467 Northern Cape South Africa
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22
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Schwartz WJ, Helm B, Gerkema MP. Wild clocks: preface and glossary. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2017.0211. [PMID: 28993501 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William J Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Barbara Helm
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Menno P Gerkema
- Chronobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Bulla M, Oudman T, Bijleveld AI, Piersma T, Kyriacou CP. Marine biorhythms: bridging chronobiology and ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0253. [PMID: 28993497 PMCID: PMC5647280 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms adapt to complex temporal environments that include daily, tidal, semi-lunar, lunar and seasonal cycles. However, our understanding of marine biological rhythms and their underlying molecular basis is mainly confined to a few model organisms in rather simplistic laboratory settings. Here, we use new empirical data and recent examples of marine biorhythms to highlight how field ecologists and laboratory chronobiologists can complement each other's efforts. First, with continuous tracking of intertidal shorebirds in the field, we reveal individual differences in tidal and circadian foraging rhythms. Second, we demonstrate that shorebird species that spend 8–10 months in tidal environments rarely maintain such tidal or circadian rhythms during breeding, likely because of other, more pertinent, temporally structured, local ecological pressures such as predation or social environment. Finally, we use examples of initial findings from invertebrates (arthropods and polychaete worms) that are being developed as model species to study the molecular bases of lunar-related rhythms. These examples indicate that canonical circadian clock genes (i.e. the homologous clock genes identified in many higher organisms) may not be involved in lunar/tidal phenotypes. Together, our results and the examples we describe emphasize that linking field and laboratory studies is likely to generate a better ecological appreciation of lunar-related rhythms in the wild. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Wild clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bulla
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.,Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard Gwinner Str., 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Thomas Oudman
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Allert I Bijleveld
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Theunis Piersma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems, Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.,Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Hau M, Dominoni D, Casagrande S, Buck CL, Wagner G, Hazlerigg D, Greives T, Hut RA. Timing as a sexually selected trait: the right mate at the right moment. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0249. [PMID: 28993493 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection favours the expression of traits in one sex that attract members of the opposite sex for mating. The nature of sexually selected traits such as vocalization, colour and ornamentation, their fitness benefits as well as their costs have received ample attention in field and laboratory studies. However, sexually selected traits may not always be expressed: coloration and ornaments often follow a seasonal pattern and behaviours may be displayed only at specific times of the day. Despite the widely recognized differences in the daily and seasonal timing of traits and their consequences for reproductive success, the actions of sexual selection on the temporal organization of traits has received only scant attention. Drawing on selected examples from bird and mammal studies, here we summarize the current evidence for the daily and seasonal timing of traits. We highlight that molecular advances in chronobiology have opened exciting new opportunities for identifying the genetic targets that sexual selection may act on to shape the timing of trait expression. Furthermore, known genetic links between daily and seasonal timing mechanisms lead to the hypothesis that selection on one timescale may simultaneously also affect the other. We emphasize that studies on the timing of sexual displays of both males and females from wild populations will be invaluable for understanding the nature of sexual selection and its potential to act on differences within and between the sexes in timing. Molecular approaches will be important for pinpointing genetic components of biological rhythms that are targeted by sexual selection, and to clarify whether these represent core or peripheral components of endogenous clocks. Finally, we call for a renewed integration of the fields of evolution, behavioural ecology and chronobiology to tackle the exciting question of how sexual selection contributes to the evolution of biological clocks.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wild clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Davide Dominoni
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Gabriela Wagner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT: the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - David Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT: the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Timothy Greives
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Malmqvist E, Jansson S, Zhu S, Li W, Svanberg K, Svanberg S, Rydell J, Song Z, Bood J, Brydegaard M, Åkesson S. The bat-bird-bug battle: daily flight activity of insects and their predators over a rice field revealed by high-resolution Scheimpflug Lidar. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172303. [PMID: 29765679 PMCID: PMC5936944 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of, to our knowledge, the first Lidar study applied to continuous and simultaneous monitoring of aerial insects, bats and birds. It illustrates how common patterns of flight activity, e.g. insect swarming around twilight, depend on predation risk and other constraints acting on the faunal components. Flight activity was monitored over a rice field in China during one week in July 2016, using a high-resolution Scheimpflug Lidar system. The monitored Lidar transect was about 520 m long and covered approximately 2.5 m3. The observed biomass spectrum was bimodal, and targets were separated into insects and vertebrates in a categorization supported by visual observations. Peak flight activity occurred at dusk and dawn, with a 37 min time difference between the bat and insect peaks. Hence, bats started to feed in declining insect activity after dusk and stopped before the rise in activity before dawn. A similar time difference between insects and birds may have occurred, but it was not obvious, perhaps because birds were relatively scarce. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that flight activity of bats is constrained by predation in bright light, and that crepuscular insects exploit this constraint by swarming near to sunset/sunrise to minimize predation from bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Malmqvist
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Author for correspondence: Elin Malmqvist e-mail:
| | - Samuel Jansson
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shiming Zhu
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wansha Li
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Katarina Svanberg
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sune Svanberg
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jens Rydell
- Centre for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ziwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 7, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Joakim Bood
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Brydegaard
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Åkesson
- Centre for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
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Åkesson S, Ilieva M, Karagicheva J, Rakhimberdiev E, Tomotani B, Helm B. Timing avian long-distance migration: from internal clock mechanisms to global flights. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160252. [PMID: 28993496 PMCID: PMC5647279 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory birds regularly perform impressive long-distance flights, which are timed relative to the anticipated environmental resources at destination areas that can be several thousand kilometres away. Timely migration requires diverse strategies and adaptations that involve an intricate interplay between internal clock mechanisms and environmental conditions across the annual cycle. Here we review what challenges birds face during long migrations to keep track of time as they exploit geographically distant resources that may vary in availability and predictability, and summarize the clock mechanisms that enable them to succeed. We examine the following challenges: departing in time for spring and autumn migration, in anticipation of future environmental conditions; using clocks on the move, for example for orientation, navigation and stopover; strategies of adhering to, or adjusting, the time programme while fitting their activities into an annual cycle; and keeping pace with a world of rapidly changing environments. We then elaborate these themes by case studies representing long-distance migrating birds with different annual movement patterns and associated adaptations of their circannual programmes. We discuss the current knowledge on how endogenous migration programmes interact with external information across the annual cycle, how components of annual cycle programmes encode topography and range expansions, and how fitness may be affected when mismatches between timing and environmental conditions occur. Lastly, we outline open questions and propose future research directions.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wild clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Åkesson
- Centre for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mihaela Ilieva
- Centre for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Julia Karagicheva
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Eldar Rakhimberdiev
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Barbara Tomotani
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Helm
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
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Helm B, Visser ME, Schwartz W, Kronfeld-Schor N, Gerkema M, Piersma T, Bloch G. Two sides of a coin: ecological and chronobiological perspectives of timing in the wild. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160246. [PMID: 28993490 PMCID: PMC5647273 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most processes within organisms, and most interactions between organisms and their environment, have distinct time profiles. The temporal coordination of such processes is crucial across levels of biological organization, but disciplines differ widely in their approaches to study timing. Such differences are accentuated between ecologists, who are centrally concerned with a holistic view of an organism in relation to its external environment, and chronobiologists, who emphasize internal timekeeping within an organism and the mechanisms of its adjustment to the environment. We argue that ecological and chronobiological perspectives are complementary, and that studies at the intersection will enable both fields to jointly overcome obstacles that currently hinder progress. However, to achieve this integration, we first have to cross some conceptual barriers, clarifying prohibitively inaccessible terminologies. We critically assess main assumptions and concepts in either field, as well as their common interests. Both approaches intersect in their need to understand the extent and regulation of temporal plasticity, and in the concept of 'chronotype', i.e. the characteristic temporal properties of individuals which are the targets of natural and sexual selection. We then highlight promising developments, point out open questions, acknowledge difficulties and propose directions for further integration of ecological and chronobiological perspectives through Wild Clock research.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wild Clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Helm
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - William Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Menno Gerkema
- Chronobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theunis Piersma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Bloch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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