1
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Li M, Ding W, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Zhou Z. The AAA-ATPase Ter94 regulates wing size in Drosophila by suppressing the Hippo pathway. Commun Biol 2024; 7:533. [PMID: 38710747 PMCID: PMC11074327 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect wing development is a fascinating and intricate process that involves the regulation of wing size through cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we find that Ter94, an AAA-ATPase, is essential for proper wing size dependently on its ATPase activity. Loss of Ter94 enables the suppression of Hippo target genes. When Ter94 is depleted, it results in reduced wing size and increased apoptosis, which can be rescued by inhibiting the Hippo pathway. Biochemical experiments reveal that Ter94 reciprocally binds to Mer, a critical upstream component of the Hippo pathway, and disrupts its interaction with Ex and Kib. This disruption prevents the formation of the Ex-Mer-Kib complex, ultimately leading to the inactivation of the Hippo pathway and promoting proper wing development. Finally, we show that hVCP, the human homolog of Ter94, is able to substitute for Ter94 in modulating Drosophila wing size, underscoring their functional conservation. In conclusion, Ter94 plays a positive role in regulating wing size by interfering with the Ex-Mer-Kib complex, which results in the suppression of the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wenhao Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yanran Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qingxin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
| | - Zizhang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
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2
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Wrobel L, Hoffmann JL, Li X, Rubinsztein DC. p37 regulates VCP/p97 shuttling and functions in the nucleus and cytosol. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl6082. [PMID: 38701207 PMCID: PMC11068011 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The AAA+-ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP; also called p97 or Cdc48), a major protein unfolding machinery with a variety of essential functions, localizes to different subcellular compartments where it has different functions. However, the processes regulating the distribution of VCP between the cytosol and nucleus are not understood. Here, we identified p37 (also called UBXN2B) as a major factor regulating VCP nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. p37-dependent VCP localization was crucial for local cytosolic VCP functions, such as autophagy, and nuclear functions in DNA damage repair. Mutations in VCP causing multisystem proteinopathy enhanced its association with p37, leading to decreased nuclear localization of VCP, which enhanced susceptibility to DNA damage accumulation. Both VCP localization and DNA damage susceptibility in cells with such mutations were normalized by lowering p37 levels. Thus, we uncovered a mechanism by which VCP nucleocytoplasmic distribution is fine-tuned, providing a means for VCP to respond appropriately to local needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Wrobel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Johanna L. Hoffmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David C. Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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3
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Sepulveda GP, Gushchanskaia ES, Mora-Martin A, Esse R, Nikorich I, Ceballos A, Kwan J, Blum BC, Dholiya P, Emili A, Perissi V, Cardamone MD, Grishok A. DOT1L stimulates MYC/Mondo transcription factor activity by promoting its degradation cycle on chromatin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579191. [PMID: 38370658 PMCID: PMC10871221 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-MYC is a key representative of the MYC transcription factor network regulating growth and metabolism. MML-1 (Myc- and Mondo-like) is its homolog in C. elegans. The functional and molecular cooperation between c-MYC and H3 lysine 79 methyltransferase DOT1L was demonstrated in several human cancer types, and we have earlier discovered the connection between C. elegans MML-1 and DOT-1.1. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of DOT1L/DOT-1.1 in regulating c-MYC/MML-1 target genes genome-wide by ensuring the removal of "spent" transcription factors from chromatin by the nuclear proteasome. Moreover, we uncover a previously unrecognized proteolytic activity of DOT1L, which may facilitate c-MYC turnover. This new mechanism of c-MYC regulation by DOT1L may lead to the development of new approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian P. Sepulveda
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ekaterina S. Gushchanskaia
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Present address: Tessera Therapeutics, Somerville, MA, 02143, USA
| | - Alexandra Mora-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Present address: Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Esse
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Present address: Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Iana Nikorich
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ainhoa Ceballos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Present address: Research Unit, Diagnostica Longwood S.L. 50011 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julian Kwan
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Blum
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Prakruti Dholiya
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Division of Computational Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Present address: OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Maria D. Cardamone
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Present address: Korro Bio Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alla Grishok
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Genome Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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4
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Mannar D, Ahmed S, Subramaniam S. AAA ATPase protein-protein interactions as therapeutic targets in cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102291. [PMID: 38056141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
AAA ATPases are a conserved group of enzymes that couple ATP hydrolysis to diverse activities critical for cellular homeostasis by targeted protein-protein interactions. Some of these interactions are potential therapeutic targets because of their role in cancers which rely on increased AAA ATPase activities for maintenance of genomic stability. Two well-characterized members of this family are p97/VCP and RUVBL ATPases where there is a growing understanding of their structure and function, as well as an emerging landscape of selective inhibitors. Here we highlight recent progress in this field, with particular emphasis on structural advances enabled by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Mannar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sana Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sriram Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Gandeeva Therapeutics, Inc., Burnaby, BC V5C 6N5, Canada.
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5
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Lee DM, Kim IY, Lee HJ, Seo MJ, Cho MY, Lee HI, Yoon G, Ji JH, Park SS, Jeong SY, Choi EK, Choi YH, Yun CO, Yeo M, Kim E, Choi KS. Akt enhances the vulnerability of cancer cells to VCP/p97 inhibition-mediated paraptosis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:48. [PMID: 38218922 PMCID: PMC10787777 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, an AAA+ ATPase critical for maintaining proteostasis, emerges as a promising target for cancer therapy. This study reveals that targeting VCP selectively eliminates breast cancer cells while sparing non-transformed cells by inducing paraptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death mechanism characterized by endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria dilation. Intriguingly, oncogenic HRas sensitizes non-transformed cells to VCP inhibition-mediated paraptosis. The susceptibility of cancer cells to VCP inhibition is attributed to the non-attenuation and recovery of protein synthesis under proteotoxic stress. Mechanistically, mTORC2/Akt activation and eIF3d-dependent translation contribute to translational rebound and amplification of proteotoxic stress. Furthermore, the ATF4/DDIT4 axis augments VCP inhibition-mediated paraptosis by activating Akt. Given that hyperactive Akt counteracts chemotherapeutic-induced apoptosis, VCP inhibition presents a promising therapeutic avenue to exploit Akt-associated vulnerabilities in cancer cells by triggering paraptosis while safeguarding normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae In Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Seok Soon Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hyeon Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirae Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Wang F, Qi Q, Qin B, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li Q, Shen X, Wang X, Yang S, Pan G, Chen J, Qin Z, Chen X, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Liu J, Li Y, Li Y, Cheng Z, Lin X, Xing F, Zhang Y, Wang G, Li K, Jiang Z, Zhang H. Targeting VCP potentiates immune checkpoint therapy for colorectal cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113318. [PMID: 37865914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapies are still ineffective for most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enables the release of key immunostimulatory signals to drive efficient anti-tumor immunity, which could be used to potentiate the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we showed that inhibition of valosin-containing protein (VCP) elicits ICD in CRC. Meanwhile, VCP inhibitor upregulates PD-L1 expression and compromises anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Mechanistically, VCP transcriptionally regulates PD-L1 expression in a JAK1-dependent manner. Combining VCP inhibitor with anti-PD1 remodels tumor immune microenvironment and reduces tumor growth in mouse models of CRC. Addition of oncolytic virus further augments the therapeutic activity of the combination regimen. Our study shows the molecular mechanism for regulating PD-L1 expression by VCP and suggests that inhibition of VCP has the potential to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Baifu Qin
- Institute of Molecular and Medical Virology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Youwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Guopeng Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zixi Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuequan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zexiong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Fan Xing
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Guocai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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7
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Gautam P, Gupta S, Sachan M. Genome-wide expression profiling reveals novel biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154840. [PMID: 37844484 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most aggressive and frequent malignancy detected among women worldwide. The pathophysiology of OC should, therefore be better understood to identify diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive novel biomarkers necessary for early detection, management, and prognostication. In this study, we aimed to investigate transcriptomic landscape and biomarker through RNA-seq data analysis. Further analysis by Protein Protein network identified top 10 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the significant enrichment of DEGs in basal cell carcinoma, cell cycle and FoxO signalling pathway. The RNA-seq results of 10 DEGs were validated by QRT-PCR and TCGA database. Correlation studies were also performed between gene expression and clinical characteristics followed by survival analysis. Finally, 8 DEGs (CDKN1A, BCL6, CDC45, WNT2, TLR5, AQP5) including two novel DEGs (CSN1S1 and NKILA) were identified showing significant correlations with EOC characteristics. These may serve as interesting biomarkers and novel treatment targets and warrant further investigation into the functional outcome of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gautam
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
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8
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Han SI, Nakakuki M, Nakagawa Y, Wang Y, Araki M, Yamamoto Y, Tokiwa H, Takeda H, Mizunoe Y, Motomura K, Ohno H, Kainoh K, Murayama Y, Aita Y, Takeuchi Y, Osaki Y, Miyamoto T, Sekiya M, Matsuzaka T, Yahagi N, Sone H, Daitoku H, Sato R, Kawano H, Shimano H. Rhomboid protease RHBDL4/RHBDD1 cleaves SREBP-1c at endoplasmic reticulum monitoring and regulating fatty acids. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad351. [PMID: 37954160 PMCID: PMC10637267 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-embedded transcription factors, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), master regulators of lipid biosynthesis, are transported to the Golgi for proteolytic activation to tune cellular cholesterol levels and regulate lipogenesis. However, mechanisms by which the cell responds to the levels of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids remain underexplored. Here, we show that RHBDL4/RHBDD1, a rhomboid family protease, directly cleaves SREBP-1c at the ER. The p97/VCP, AAA-ATPase complex then acts as an auxiliary segregase to extract the remaining ER-embedded fragment of SREBP-1c. Importantly, the enzymatic activity of RHBDL4 is enhanced by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) but inhibited by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Genetic deletion of RHBDL4 in mice fed on a Western diet enriched in SFAs and cholesterol prevented SREBP-1c from inducing genes for lipogenesis, particularly for synthesis and incorporation of PUFAs, and secretion of lipoproteins. The RHBDL4-SREBP-1c pathway reveals a regulatory system for monitoring fatty acid composition and maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Iee Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakakuki
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Division of Complex Biosystem Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yunong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masaya Araki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tokiwa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Division of Proteo Drug Discovery Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yuhei Mizunoe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kaori Motomura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kenta Kainoh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Murayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Osaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Daitoku
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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9
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Noireterre A, Serbyn N, Bagdiul I, Stutz F. Ubx5-Cdc48 assists the protease Wss1 at DNA-protein crosslink sites in yeast. EMBO J 2023:e113609. [PMID: 37144685 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) pose a serious threat to genome stability. The yeast proteases Wss1, 26S proteasome, and Ddi1 are safeguards of genome integrity by acting on a plethora of DNA-bound proteins in different cellular contexts. The AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97 is known to assist Wss1/SPRTN in clearing DNA-bound complexes; however, its contribution to DPC proteolysis remains unclear. Here, we show that the Cdc48 adaptor Ubx5 is detrimental in yeast mutants defective in DPC processing. Using an inducible site-specific crosslink, we show that Ubx5 accumulates at persistent DPC lesions in the absence of Wss1, which prevents their efficient removal from the DNA. Abolishing Cdc48 binding or complete loss of Ubx5 suppresses sensitivity of wss1∆ cells to DPC-inducing agents by favoring alternate repair pathways. We provide evidence for cooperation of Ubx5-Cdc48 and Wss1 in the genotoxin-induced degradation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), a described candidate substrate of Wss1. We propose that Ubx5-Cdc48 assists Wss1 for proteolysis of a subset of DNA-bound proteins. Together, our findings reveal a central role for Ubx5 in DPC clearance and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Noireterre
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nataliia Serbyn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivona Bagdiul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Stutz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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van den Berg SJW, Jansen LET. SUMO control of centromere homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1193192. [PMID: 37181753 PMCID: PMC10172491 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1193192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Centromeres are unique chromosomal loci that form the anchorage point for the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis. Their position and function are specified by a unique chromatin domain featuring the histone H3 variant CENP-A. While typically formed on centromeric satellite arrays, CENP-A nucleosomes are maintained and assembled by a strong self-templated feedback mechanism that can propagate centromeres even at non-canonical sites. Central to the epigenetic chromatin-based transmission of centromeres is the stable inheritance of CENP-A nucleosomes. While long-lived at centromeres, CENP-A can turn over rapidly at non-centromeric sites and even erode from centromeres in non-dividing cells. Recently, SUMO modification of the centromere complex has come to the forefront as a mediator of centromere complex stability, including CENP-A chromatin. We review evidence from different models and discuss the emerging view that limited SUMOylation appears to play a constructive role in centromere complex formation, while polySUMOylation drives complex turnover. The deSUMOylase SENP6/Ulp2 and the proteins segregase p97/Cdc48 constitute the dominant opposing forces that balance CENP-A chromatin stability. This balance may be key to ensuring proper kinetochore strength at the centromere while preventing ectopic centromere formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan J. W. van den Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lars E. T. Jansen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Kilgas S, Ramadan K. Inhibitors of the ATPase p97/VCP: From basic research to clinical applications. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:3-21. [PMID: 36640759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis deficiencies underlie various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are responsible for most of the protein degradation in mammalian cells and, therefore, represent attractive targets for cancer therapy and that of neurodegenerative diseases. The ATPase p97, also known as VCP, is a central component of the UPS that extracts and disassembles its substrates from various cellular locations and also regulates different steps in autophagy. Several UPS- and autophagy-targeting drugs are in clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the development of various p97 inhibitors, including the ATPase inhibitors CB-5083 and CB-5339, which reached clinical trials by demonstrating effective anti-tumor activity across various tumor models, providing an effective alternative to targeting protein degradation for cancer therapy. Here, we provide an overview of how different p97 inhibitors have evolved over time both as basic research tools and effective UPS-targeting cancer therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kilgas
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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12
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Kochenova OV, Mukkavalli S, Raman M, Walter JC. Cooperative assembly of p97 complexes involved in replication termination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6591. [PMID: 36329031 PMCID: PMC9633789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The p97 ATPase extracts polyubiquitylated proteins from diverse cellular structures in preparation for destruction by the proteasome. p97 functions with Ufd1-Npl4 and a variety of UBA-UBX co-factors, but how p97 complexes assemble on ubiquitylated substrates is unclear. To address this, we investigated how p97 disassembles the CMG helicase after it is ubiquitylated during replication termination. We show that p97Ufd1-Npl4 recruitment to CMG requires the UBA-UBX protein Ubxn7, and conversely, stable Ubxn7 binding to CMG requires p97Ufd1-Npl4. This cooperative assembly involves interactions between Ubxn7, p97, Ufd1-Npl4, and ubiquitin. Another p97 co-factor, Faf1, partially compensates for the loss of Ubxn7. Surprisingly, p97Ufd1-Npl4-Ubxn7 and p97Ufd1-Npl4-Faf1 also assemble cooperatively on unanchored ubiquitin chains. We propose that cooperative and substrate-independent recognition of ubiquitin chains allows p97 to recognize an unlimited number of polyubiquitylated proteins while avoiding the formation of partial, inactive complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Kochenova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sirisha Mukkavalli
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Malavika Raman
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Johannes C Walter
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Zhai F, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. The functions and effects of CUL3-E3 ligases mediated non-degradative ubiquitination. Gene X 2022; 832:146562. [PMID: 35580799 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of substrates usually have two fates: one is degraded by 26S proteasome, and the other is non-degradative ubiquitination modification which is associated with cell cycle regulation, chromosome inactivation, protein transportation, tumorigenesis, achondroplasia, and neurological diseases. Cullin3 (CUL3), a scaffold protein, binding with the Bric-a-Brac-Tramtrack-Broad-complex (BTB) domain of substrates recognition adaptor and RING-finger protein 1 (RBX1) form ubiquitin ligases (E3). Based on the current researches, this review has summarized the functions and effects of CUL3-E3 ligases mediated non-degradative ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Zhai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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14
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Cdc48 influence on separase levels is independent of mitosis and suggests translational sensitivity of separase. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110554. [PMID: 35320724 PMCID: PMC8995007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc48 (p97/VCP) is a AAA-ATPase that can extract ubiquitinated proteins from their binding partners and can cooperate with the proteasome for their degradation. A fission yeast cdc48 mutant (cdc48-353) shows low levels of the cohesin protease, separase, and pronounced chromosome segregation defects in mitosis. Separase initiates chromosome segregation when its binding partner securin is ubiquitinated and degraded. The low separase levels in the cdc48-353 mutant have been attributed to a failure to extract ubiquitinated securin from separase, resulting in co-degradation of separase along with securin. If true, Cdc48 would be important in mitosis. In contrast, we show here that low separase levels in the cdc48-353 mutant are independent of mitosis. Moreover, we find no evidence of enhanced separase degradation in the mutant. Instead, we suggest that the cdc48-353 mutant uncovers specific requirements for separase translation. Our results highlight a need to better understand how this key mitotic enzyme is synthesized.
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15
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Chinnathambi S, Gorantla NV. Implications of Valosin-containing Protein in Promoting Autophagy to Prevent Tau Aggregation. Neuroscience 2021; 476:125-134. [PMID: 34509548 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chaperones and cellular degradative mechanisms modulate Tau aggregation. During aging and neurodegenerative disorders, the cellular proteostasis is disturbed due to impaired protective mechanisms. This results in accumulation of aberrant Tau aggregates in the neuron that leads to microtubule destabilization and neuronal degeneration. The intricate mechanisms to prevent Tau aggregation involve chaperones, autophagy, and proteasomal system have gained main focus about concerning to therapeutic intervention. However, the thorough understanding of other key proteins, such as Valosin-containing protein (VCP), is limited. In various neurodegenerative diseases, the chaperone-like activity of VCP is involved in preventing protein aggregation and mediating the degradation of aberrant proteins by proteasome and autophagy. In the case of Tau aggregation associated with Alzheimer's disease, the importance of VCP is poorly understood. VCP is known to co-localize with Tau, and alterations in VCP cause aberrant accumulation of Tau. Nevertheless, the direct mechanism of VCP in altering Tau aggregation is not known. Hence, we speculate that VCP might be one of the key modulators in preventing Tau aggregation and can disintegrate Tau aggregates by directing its clearance by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Nalini Vijay Gorantla
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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16
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Phospho-Ser 784-VCP Drives Resistance of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Genotoxic Chemotherapies and Predicts the Chemo-Sensitizing Effect of VCP Inhibitor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205076. [PMID: 34680224 PMCID: PMC8534018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients have a dismal prognosis due in large part to chemotherapy resistance. However, a small subset containing defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are chemotherapy-sensitive. Identifying intrinsic and therapeutically inducible DDR defects can improve precision and efficacy of chemotherapies for PDAC. DNA repair requires dynamic reorganization of chromatin-associated proteins, which is orchestrated by the AAA+ ATPase VCP. We recently discovered that the DDR function of VCP is selectively activated by Ser784 phosphorylation. In this paper, we show that pSer784-VCP but not total VCP levels in primary PDAC tumors negatively correlate with patient survival. In PDAC cell lines, different pSer784-VCP levels are induced by genotoxic chemotherapy agents and positively correlate with genome stability and cell survival. Causal effects of pSer784-VCP on DNA repair and cell survival were confirmed using VCP knockdown and functional rescue. Importantly, DNA damage-induced pSer784-VCP rather than total VCP levels in PDAC cell lines predict their chemotherapy response and chemo-sensitizing ability of selective VCP inhibitor NMS-873. Therefore, pSer784-VCP drives genotoxic chemotherapy resistance of PDAC, and can potentially be used as a predictive biomarker as well as a sensitizing target to enhance the chemotherapy response of PDAC.
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17
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Das P, Dudley JP. How Viruses Use the VCP/p97 ATPase Molecular Machine. Viruses 2021; 13:1881. [PMID: 34578461 PMCID: PMC8473244 DOI: 10.3390/v13091881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that are dependent on host factors for their replication. One such host protein, p97 or the valosin-containing protein (VCP), is a highly conserved AAA ATPase that facilitates replication of diverse RNA- and DNA-containing viruses. The wide range of cellular functions attributed to this ATPase is consistent with its participation in multiple steps of the virus life cycle from entry and uncoating to viral egress. Studies of VCP/p97 interactions with viruses will provide important information about host processes and cell biology, but also viral strategies that take advantage of these host functions. The critical role of p97 in viral replication might be exploited as a target for development of pan-antiviral drugs that exceed the capability of virus-specific vaccines or therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Das
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Jaquelin P. Dudley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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18
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Chacin E, Bansal P, Reusswig KU, Diaz-Santin LM, Ortega P, Vizjak P, Gómez-González B, Müller-Planitz F, Aguilera A, Pfander B, Cheung ACM, Kurat CF. A CDK-regulated chromatin segregase promoting chromosome replication. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5224. [PMID: 34471130 PMCID: PMC8410769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication of chromosomes during S phase is critical for cellular and organismal function. Replicative stress can result in genome instability, which is a major driver of cancer. Yet how chromatin is made accessible during eukaryotic DNA synthesis is poorly understood. Here, we report the characterization of a chromatin remodeling enzyme-Yta7-entirely distinct from classical SNF2-ATPase family remodelers. Yta7 is a AAA+ -ATPase that assembles into ~1 MDa hexameric complexes capable of segregating histones from DNA. The Yta7 chromatin segregase promotes chromosome replication both in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical reconstitution experiments using purified proteins revealed that the enzymatic activity of Yta7 is regulated by S phase-forms of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (S-CDK). S-CDK phosphorylation stimulates ATP hydrolysis by Yta7, promoting nucleosome disassembly and chromatin replication. Our results present a mechanism for how cells orchestrate chromatin dynamics in co-ordination with the cell cycle machinery to promote genome duplication during S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Chacin
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Priyanka Bansal
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karl-Uwe Reusswig
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, DNA Replication and Genome Integrity, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Luis M Diaz-Santin
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Pedro Ortega
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Petra Vizjak
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Belen Gómez-González
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Felix Müller-Planitz
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre-CABIMER, University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Boris Pfander
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, DNA Replication and Genome Integrity, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alan C M Cheung
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, London, UK.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christoph F Kurat
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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19
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Nandi P, Li S, Columbres RCA, Wang F, Williams DR, Poh YP, Chou TF, Chiu PL. Structural and Functional Analysis of Disease-Linked p97 ATPase Mutant Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158079. [PMID: 34360842 PMCID: PMC8347982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IBMPFD/ALS is a genetic disorder caused by a single amino acid mutation on the p97 ATPase, promoting ATPase activity and cofactor dysregulation. The disease mechanism underlying p97 ATPase malfunction remains unclear. To understand how the mutation alters the ATPase regulation, we assembled a full-length p97R155H with its p47 cofactor and first visualized their structures using single-particle cryo-EM. More than one-third of the population was the dodecameric form. Nucleotide presence dissociates the dodecamer into two hexamers for its highly elevated function. The N-domains of the p97R155H mutant all show up configurations in ADP- or ATPγS-bound states. Our functional and structural analyses showed that the p47 binding is likely to impact the p97R155H ATPase activities via changing the conformations of arginine fingers. These functional and structural analyses underline the ATPase dysregulation with the miscommunication between the functional modules of the p97R155H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purbasha Nandi
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Shan Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; (S.L.); (R.C.A.C.); (F.W.); (Y.-P.P.)
| | - Rod Carlo A. Columbres
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; (S.L.); (R.C.A.C.); (F.W.); (Y.-P.P.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; (S.L.); (R.C.A.C.); (F.W.); (Y.-P.P.)
| | | | - Yu-Ping Poh
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; (S.L.); (R.C.A.C.); (F.W.); (Y.-P.P.)
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; (S.L.); (R.C.A.C.); (F.W.); (Y.-P.P.)
- Correspondence: (T.-F.C.); (P.-L.C.)
| | - Po-Lin Chiu
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Correspondence: (T.-F.C.); (P.-L.C.)
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20
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Jia N, Guo C, Nakazawa Y, van den Heuvel D, Luijsterburg MS, Ogi T. Dealing with transcription-blocking DNA damage: Repair mechanisms, RNA polymerase II processing and human disorders. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 106:103192. [PMID: 34358806 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcription-blocking DNA lesions (TBLs) in genomic DNA are triggered by a wide variety of DNA-damaging agents. Such lesions cause stalling of elongating RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) enzymes and fully block transcription when unresolved. The toxic impact of DNA damage on transcription progression is commonly referred to as transcription stress. In response to RNA Pol II stalling, cells activate and employ transcription-coupled repair (TCR) machineries to repair cytotoxic TBLs and resume transcription. Increasing evidence indicates that the modification and processing of stalled RNA Pol II is an integral component of the cellular response to and the repair of TBLs. If TCR pathways fail, the prolonged stalling of RNA Pol II will impede global replication and transcription as well as block the access of other DNA repair pathways that may act upon the TBL. Consequently, such prolonged stalling will trigger profound genome instability and devastating clinical features. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms by which various types of TBLs are repaired by distinct TCR pathways and how RNA Pol II processing is regulated during these processes. We will also discuss the clinical consequences of transcription stress and genotype-phenotype correlations of related TCR-deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chaowan Guo
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Diana van den Heuvel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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21
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VCP maintains nuclear size by regulating the DNA damage-associated MDC1-p53-autophagy axis in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4258. [PMID: 34253734 PMCID: PMC8275807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of constant karyoplasmic ratios suggests that nuclear size has physiological significance. Nuclear size anomalies have been linked to malignant transformation, although the mechanism remains unclear. By expressing dominant-negative TER94 mutants in Drosophila photoreceptors, here we show disruption of VCP (valosin-containing protein, human TER94 ortholog), a ubiquitin-dependent segregase, causes progressive nuclear size increase. Loss of VCP function leads to accumulations of MDC1 (mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1), connecting DNA damage or associated responses to enlarged nuclei. TER94 can interact with MDC1 and decreases MDC1 levels, suggesting that MDC1 is a VCP substrate. Our evidence indicates that MDC1 accumulation stabilizes p53A, leading to TER94K2A-associated nuclear size increase. Together with a previous report that p53A disrupts autophagic flux, we propose that the stabilization of p53A in TER94K2A-expressing cells likely hinders the removal of nuclear content, resulting in aberrant nuclear size increase. Cells maintain a constant cytoplasm to nucleus volume ratio, although the role of DNA damage is not well explored. Here, the authors use Drosophila to connect TER94, the fly homolog of VCP, to disruption of DNA damage repair, leading to ubiquitinated Mu2 protein accumulation and enlarged nuclei.
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22
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Bouvier D, Ferrand J, Chevallier O, Paulsen MT, Ljungman M, Polo SE. Dissecting regulatory pathways for transcription recovery following DNA damage reveals a non-canonical function of the histone chaperone HIRA. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3835. [PMID: 34158510 PMCID: PMC8219801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription restart after a genotoxic challenge is a fundamental yet poorly understood process. Here, we dissect the interplay between transcription and chromatin restoration after DNA damage by focusing on the human histone chaperone complex HIRA, which is required for transcription recovery post UV. We demonstrate that HIRA is recruited to UV-damaged chromatin via the ubiquitin-dependent segregase VCP to deposit new H3.3 histones. However, this local activity of HIRA is dispensable for transcription recovery. Instead, we reveal a genome-wide function of HIRA in transcription restart that is independent of new H3.3 and not restricted to UV-damaged loci. HIRA coordinates with ASF1B to control transcription restart by two independent pathways: by stabilising the associated subunit UBN2 and by reducing the expression of the transcription repressor ATF3. Thus, HIRA primes UV-damaged chromatin for transcription restart at least in part by relieving transcription inhibition rather than by depositing new H3.3 as an activating bookmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Bouvier
- Epigenetics & Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Ferrand
- Epigenetics & Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Odile Chevallier
- Epigenetics & Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michelle T Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sophie E Polo
- Epigenetics & Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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23
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Homma H, Tanaka H, Jin M, Jin X, Huang Y, Yoshioka Y, Bertens CJ, Tsumaki K, Kondo K, Shiwaku H, Tagawa K, Akatsu H, Atsuta N, Katsuno M, Furukawa K, Ishiki A, Waragai M, Ohtomo G, Iwata A, Yokota T, Inoue H, Arai H, Sobue G, Sone M, Fujita K, Okazawa H. DNA damage in embryonic neural stem cell determines FTLDs' fate via early-stage neuronal necrosis. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/7/e202101022. [PMID: 34130995 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early-stage pathologies of frontotemporal lobal degeneration (FTLD) remain largely unknown. In VCPT262A-KI mice carrying VCP gene mutation linked to FTLD, insufficient DNA damage repair in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) activated DNA-PK and CDK1 that disabled MCM3 essential for the G1/S cell cycle transition. Abnormal neural exit produced neurons carrying over unrepaired DNA damage and induced early-stage transcriptional repression-induced atypical cell death (TRIAD) necrosis accompanied by the specific markers pSer46-MARCKS and YAP. In utero gene therapy expressing normal VCP or non-phosphorylated mutant MCM3 rescued DNA damage, neuronal necrosis, cognitive function, and TDP43 aggregation in adult neurons of VCPT262A-KI mice, whereas similar therapy in adulthood was less effective. The similar early-stage neuronal necrosis was detected in PGRNR504X-KI, CHMP2BQ165X-KI, and TDPN267S-KI mice, and blocked by embryonic treatment with AAV-non-phospho-MCM3. Moreover, YAP-dependent necrosis occurred in neurons of human FTLD patients, and consistently pSer46-MARCKS was increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of these patients. Collectively, developmental stress followed by early-stage neuronal necrosis is a potential target for therapeutics and one of the earliest general biomarkers for FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Homma
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikari Tanaka
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meihua Jin
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaocen Jin
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshioka
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Jf Bertens
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kohei Tsumaki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kanoh Kondo
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shiwaku
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Atsuta
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Furukawa
- Division of Community Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aiko Ishiki
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Department of Neurology, Higashi Matsudo Municipal Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gaku Ohtomo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Drug-Discovery Cellular Basis Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Sone
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyota Fujita
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan .,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Wang D, Ma J, Botuyan MV, Cui G, Yan Y, Ding D, Zhou Y, Krueger EW, Pei J, Wu X, Wang L, Pei H, McNiven MA, Ye D, Mer G, Huang H. ATM-phosphorylated SPOP contributes to 53BP1 exclusion from chromatin during DNA replication. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd9208. [PMID: 34144977 PMCID: PMC8213225 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
53BP1 activates nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and inhibits homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Dissociation of 53BP1 from DSBs and consequent activation of HR, a less error-prone pathway than NHEJ, helps maintain genome integrity during DNA replication; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP promotes HR during S phase of the cell cycle by excluding 53BP1 from DSBs. In response to DNA damage, ATM kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of SPOP causes a conformational change in SPOP, revealed by x-ray crystal structures, that stabilizes its interaction with 53BP1. 53BP1-bound SPOP induces polyubiquitination of 53BP1, eliciting 53BP1 extraction from chromatin by a valosin-containing protein/p97 segregase complex. Our work shows that SPOP facilitates HR repair over NHEJ during DNA replication by contributing to 53BP1 removal from chromatin. Cancer-derived SPOP mutations block SPOP interaction with 53BP1, inducing HR defects and chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastroenterology, Angiocardiopathy and Neurosciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Maria Victoria Botuyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Donglin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yingke Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eugene W Krueger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jiang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Huadong Pei
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Science, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Mark A McNiven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Georges Mer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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25
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Kilgas S, Singh AN, Paillas S, Then CK, Torrecilla I, Nicholson J, Browning L, Vendrell I, Konietzny R, Kessler BM, Kiltie AE, Ramadan K. p97/VCP inhibition causes excessive MRE11-dependent DNA end resection promoting cell killing after ionizing radiation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109153. [PMID: 34038735 PMCID: PMC8170441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATPase p97 is a central component of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. p97 uses its ATPase activity and co-factors to extract ubiquitinated substrates from different cellular locations, including DNA lesions, thereby regulating DNA repair pathway choice. Here, we find that p97 physically and functionally interacts with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex on chromatin and that inactivation of p97 blocks the disassembly of the MRN complex from the sites of DNA damage upon ionizing radiation (IR). The inhibition of p97 function results in excessive 5'-DNA end resection mediated by MRE11 that leads to defective DNA repair and radiosensitivity. In addition, p97 inhibition by the specific small-molecule inhibitor CB-5083 increases tumor cell killing following IR both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, this is mediated via increased MRE11 nuclease accumulation. This suggests that p97 inhibitors might be exploited to improve outcomes for radiotherapy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kilgas
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Abhay Narayan Singh
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Salome Paillas
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Chee-Kin Then
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ignacio Torrecilla
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Judith Nicholson
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Rebecca Konietzny
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Anne E Kiltie
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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26
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RepID-deficient cancer cells are sensitized to a drug targeting p97/VCP segregase. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP) complex is a crucial factor for the segregation of ubiquitinated proteins in the DNA damage response and repair pathway.
Objective
We investigated whether blocking the p97/VCP function can inhibit the proliferation of RepID-deficient cancer cells using immunofluorescence, clonogenic survival assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and immunoblotting.
Result
p97/VCP was recruited to chromatin and colocalized with DNA double-strand breaks in RepID-deficient cancer cells that undergo spontaneous DNA damage. Inhibition of p97/VCP induced death of RepID-depleted cancer cells. This study highlights the potential of targeting p97/VCP complex as an anticancer therapeutic approach.
Conclusion
Our results show that RepID is required to prevent excessive DNA damage at the endogenous levels. Localization of p97/VCP to DSB sites was induced based on spontaneous DNA damage in RepID-depleted cancer cells. Anticancer drugs targeting p97/VCP may be highly potent in RepID-deficient cells. Therefore, we suggest that p97/VCP inhibitors synergize with RepID depletion to kill cancer cells.
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27
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Boavida A, Santos D, Mahtab M, Pisani FM. Functional Coupling between DNA Replication and Sister Chromatid Cohesion Establishment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2810. [PMID: 33802105 PMCID: PMC8001024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest the existence in the eukaryotic cells of a tight, yet largely unexplored, connection between DNA replication and sister chromatid cohesion. Tethering of newly duplicated chromatids is mediated by cohesin, an evolutionarily conserved hetero-tetrameric protein complex that has a ring-like structure and is believed to encircle DNA. Cohesin is loaded onto chromatin in telophase/G1 and converted into a cohesive state during the subsequent S phase, a process known as cohesion establishment. Many studies have revealed that down-regulation of a number of DNA replication factors gives rise to chromosomal cohesion defects, suggesting that they play critical roles in cohesion establishment. Conversely, loss of cohesin subunits (and/or regulators) has been found to alter DNA replication fork dynamics. A critical step of the cohesion establishment process consists in cohesin acetylation, a modification accomplished by dedicated acetyltransferases that operate at the replication forks. Defects in cohesion establishment give rise to chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy, phenotypes frequently observed in pre-cancerous and cancerous cells. Herein, we will review our present knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional link between DNA replication and cohesion establishment, a phenomenon that is unique to the eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Boavida
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (D.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Diana Santos
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (D.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohammad Mahtab
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (D.S.); (M.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesca M. Pisani
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (D.S.); (M.M.)
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28
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Lam AT, Zhang XN, Courouble VV, Strutzenberg TS, Pei H, Stiles BL, Louie SG, Griffin PR, Zhang Y. A Bifunctional NAD + for Profiling Poly-ADP-Ribosylation-Dependent Interacting Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:389-396. [PMID: 33524253 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a heterogeneous and dynamic post-translational modification regulated by various writers, readers, and erasers. It participates in a variety of biological events and is involved in many human diseases. Currently, tools and technologies have yet to be developed for unambiguously defining readers and erasers of individual PARylated proteins or cognate PARylated proteins for known readers and erasers. Here, we report the generation of a bifunctional nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) characterized by diazirine-modified adenine and clickable ribose. By serving as an excellent substrate for poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1)-catalyzed PARylation, the generated bifunctional NAD+ enables photo-cross-linking and enrichment of PARylation-dependent interacting proteins for proteomic identification. This bifunctional NAD+ provides an important tool for mapping cellular interaction networks centered on protein PARylation, which are essential for elucidating the roles of PARylation-based signals or activities in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert T. Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Valentine V. Courouble
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Timothy S. Strutzenberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Hua Pei
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Patrick R. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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29
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The Neurochaperonopathies: Anomalies of the Chaperone System with Pathogenic Effects in Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone (or chaperoning) system (CS) constitutes molecular chaperones, co-chaperones, and chaperone co-factors, interactors and receptors, and its canonical role is protein quality control. A malfunction of the CS may cause diseases, known as the chaperonopathies. These are caused by qualitatively and/or quantitatively abnormal molecular chaperones. Since the CS is ubiquitous, chaperonopathies are systemic, affecting various tissues and organs, playing an etiologic-pathogenic role in diverse conditions. In this review, we focus on chaperonopathies involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems: the neurochaperonopathies (NCPs). Genetic NCPs are linked to pathogenic variants of chaperone genes encoding, for example, the small Hsp, Hsp10, Hsp40, Hsp60, and CCT-BBS (chaperonin-containing TCP-1- Bardet–Biedl syndrome) chaperones. Instead, the acquired NCPs are associated with malfunctional chaperones, such as Hsp70, Hsp90, and VCP/p97 with aberrant post-translational modifications. Awareness of the chaperonopathies as the underlying primary or secondary causes of disease will improve diagnosis and patient management and open the possibility of investigating and developing chaperonotherapy, namely treatment with the abnormal chaperone as the main target. Positive chaperonotherapy would apply in chaperonopathies by defect, i.e., chaperone insufficiency, and consist of chaperone replacement or boosting, whereas negative chaperonotherapy would be pertinent when a chaperone actively participates in the initiation and progression of the disease and must be blocked and eliminated.
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30
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More than Meets the ISG15: Emerging Roles in the DNA Damage Response and Beyond. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111557. [PMID: 33203188 PMCID: PMC7698331 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability is a crucial priority for any organism. To meet this priority, robust signalling networks exist to facilitate error-free DNA replication and repair. These signalling cascades are subject to various regulatory post-translational modifications that range from simple additions of chemical moieties to the conjugation of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs). Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) is one such UBL. While classically thought of as a component of antiviral immunity, ISG15 has recently emerged as a regulator of genome stability, with key roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) to modulate p53 signalling and error-free DNA replication. Additional proteomic analyses and cancer-focused studies hint at wider-reaching, uncharacterised functions for ISG15 in genome stability. We review these recent discoveries and highlight future perspectives to increase our understanding of this multifaceted UBL in health and disease.
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31
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Regulation of Histone Ubiquitination in Response to DNA Double Strand Breaks. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071699. [PMID: 32708614 PMCID: PMC7407225 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are constantly exposed to both endogenous and exogenous stressors that promote the induction of DNA damage. Of this damage, double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal and must be efficiently repaired in order to maintain genomic integrity. Repair of DSBs occurs primarily through one of two major pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). The choice between these pathways is in part regulated by histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) including ubiquitination. Ubiquitinated histones not only influence transcription and chromatin architecture at sites neighboring DSBs but serve as critical recruitment platforms for repair machinery as well. The reversal of these modifications by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) is increasingly being recognized in a number of cellular processes including DSB repair. In this context, DUBs ensure proper levels of ubiquitin, regulate recruitment of downstream effectors, dictate repair pathway choice, and facilitate appropriate termination of the repair response. This review outlines the current understanding of histone ubiquitination in response to DSBs, followed by a comprehensive overview of the DUBs that catalyze the removal of these marks.
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Peng H, Chen J, Gao Y, Huo J, Wang C, Zhang Y, Xiao T. Valosin-containing protein is associated with maintenance of meiotic arrest in mouse oocytes†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:963-970. [PMID: 30476006 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is a member of the highly conserved AAA (ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities) superfamily. A previous study has shown that targeted deletion of Vcp in mice results in early embryonic lethality. The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression and localization of VCP and its function in meiotic arrest of mouse oocytes. Vcp mRNA and protein were expressed in multiple mouse tissues. In the ovary, VCP protein was mainly expressed in oocytes and granulosa cells. After ovulation and fertilization, Vcp mRNA and protein were detected in oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Furthermore, VCP protein was localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Moreover, knockdown of Vcp in GV-stage oocytes led to a significantly increased rate of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). In addition, inhibition of VCP protein improved the GVBD rate in mouse GV-stage oocytes. When VCP inhibition was reversed, the final GVBD rate returned to normal. These results provide the first evidence for a novel function of VCP in meiotic arrest of mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
- University Key Lab for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuyun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianchao Huo
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chongchong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tianfang Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Abstract
p97 belongs to the functional diverse superfamily of AAA+ (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) ATPases and is characterized by an N-terminal regulatory domain and two stacked hexameric ATPase domains forming a central protein conducting channel. p97 is highly versatile and has key functions in maintaining protein homeostasis including protein quality control mechanisms like the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy to disassemble polyubiquitylated proteins from chromatin, membranes, macromolecular protein complexes and aggregates which are either degraded by the proteasome or recycled. p97 can use energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to catalyze substrate unfolding and threading through its central channel. The function of p97 in a large variety of different cellular contexts is reflected by its simultaneous association with different cofactors, which are involved in substrate recognition and processing, thus leading to the formation of transient multi-protein complexes. Dysregulation in protein homeostasis and proteotoxic stress are often involved in the development of cancer and neurological diseases and targeting the UPS including p97 in cancer is a well-established pharmacological strategy. In this chapter we will describe structural and functional aspects of the p97 interactome in regulating diverse cellular processes and will discuss the role of p97 in targeted cancer therapy.
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Repurposing old drugs as new inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:105-122. [PMID: 31883910 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in the degradation of cellular proteins. Targeting protein degradation has been validated as an effective strategy for cancer therapy since 2003. Several components of the UPS have been validated as potential anticancer targets, including 20S proteasomes, 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs) and ubiquitin ligases (E3s). 20S proteasome inhibitors (such as bortezomib/BTZ and carfilzomib/CFZ) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and some other liquid tumors. Although survival of MM patients has been improved by the introduction of BTZ-based therapies, these clinical 20S proteasome inhibitors have several limitations, including emergence of resistance in MM patients, neuro-toxicities, and little efficacy in solid tumors. One of strategies to improve the current status of cancer treatment is to repurpose old drugs with UPS-inhibitory properties as new anticancer agents. Old drug reposition represents an attractive drug discovery approach compared to the traditional de novo drug discovery process which is time-consuming and costly. In this review, we summarize status of repurposed inhibitors of various UPS components, including 20S proteasomes, 19S-associated DUBs, and ubiquitin ligase E3s. The original and new mechanisms of action, molecular targets, and potential anticancer activities of these repurposed UPS inhibitors are reviewed, and their new uses including combinational therapies for cancer treatment are discussed.
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The molecular principles governing the activity and functional diversity of AAA+ proteins. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 21:43-58. [PMID: 31754261 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+ proteins) are macromolecular machines that convert the chemical energy contained in ATP molecules into powerful mechanical forces to remodel a vast array of cellular substrates, including protein aggregates, macromolecular complexes and polymers. AAA+ proteins have key functionalities encompassing unfolding and disassembly of such substrates in different subcellular localizations and, hence, power a plethora of fundamental cellular processes, including protein quality control, cytoskeleton remodelling and membrane dynamics. Over the past 35 years, many of the key elements required for AAA+ activity have been identified through genetic, biochemical and structural analyses. However, how ATP powers substrate remodelling and whether a shared mechanism underlies the functional diversity of the AAA+ superfamily were uncertain. Advances in cryo-electron microscopy have enabled high-resolution structure determination of AAA+ proteins trapped in the act of processing substrates, revealing a conserved core mechanism of action. It has also become apparent that this common mechanistic principle is structurally adjusted to carry out a diverse array of biological functions. Here, we review how substrate-bound structures of AAA+ proteins have expanded our understanding of ATP-driven protein remodelling.
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Abstract
The homologous recombination (HR) machinery plays multiple roles in genome maintenance. Best studied in the context of DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair, recombination enzymes can cleave, pair, and unwind DNA molecules, and collaborate with regulatory proteins to execute multiple DNA processing steps before generating specific repair products. HR proteins also help to cope with problems arising from DNA replication, modulating impaired replication forks or filling DNA gaps. Given these important roles, it is not surprising that each HR step is subject to complex regulation to adjust repair efficiency and outcomes as well as to limit toxic intermediates. Recent studies have revealed intricate regulation of all steps of HR by the protein modifier SUMO, which has been increasingly recognized for its broad influence in nuclear functions. This review aims to connect established roles of SUMO with its newly identified effects on recombinational repair and stimulate further thought on many unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Dhingra
- Molecular Biology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhao
- Molecular Biology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Huryn DM, Kornfilt DJP, Wipf P. p97: An Emerging Target for Cancer, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Viral Infections. J Med Chem 2019; 63:1892-1907. [PMID: 31550150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The AAA+ ATPase, p97, also referred to as VCP, plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), mitochondrial-associated degradation (MAD), chromatin-associated degradation, autophagy, and endosomal trafficking. Mutations in p97 have been linked to a number of neurodegenerative diseases, and overexpression of wild type p97 is observed in numerous cancers. Furthermore, p97 activity has been shown to be essential for the replication of certain viruses, including poliovirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and influenza. Taken together, these observations highlight the potential for targeting p97 as a therapeutic approach in neurodegeneration, cancer, and certain infectious diseases. This Perspective reviews recent advances in the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of p97, their optimization and characterization, and therapeutic potential.
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Carissimo G, Chan YH, Utt A, Chua TK, Bakar FA, Merits A, Ng LFP. VCP/p97 Is a Proviral Host Factor for Replication of Chikungunya Virus and Other Alphaviruses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2236. [PMID: 31636613 PMCID: PMC6787436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved AAA+ ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP) was previously shown to be a proviral host factor for several viruses from different viral families such as Flaviviridae, Picornaviridae, and Herpesviridae. VCP was shown to affect trafficking of Sindbis virus receptor and functions as a component of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicase compartment. However, the role of this cellular protein was not evaluated during replication of alphaviruses including chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Using siRNA, chemical inhibitors, and trans-replication assays, we show here that VCP is a proviral factor involved in the replication of CHIKV. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that VCP co-localized with non-structural replicase proteins but not with dsRNA foci possibly due to VCP epitope unavailability. VCP pro-viral role is also observed with other alphaviruses such as o’nyong’nyong virus (ONNV) and SFV in different human cell lines. VCP proviral roles on several viral families now extend to replication of alphaviruses CHIKV and ONNV, emphasizing the pivotal role of VCP in virus–host interaction biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Carissimo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Age Utt
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tze-Kwang Chua
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farhana Abu Bakar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Garvin AJ, Walker AK, Densham RM, Chauhan AS, Stone HR, Mackay HL, Jamshad M, Starowicz K, Daza-Martin M, Ronson GE, Lanz AJ, Beesley JF, Morris JR. The deSUMOylase SENP2 coordinates homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining by independent mechanisms. Genes Dev 2019; 33:333-347. [PMID: 30796017 PMCID: PMC6411010 DOI: 10.1101/gad.321125.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation (small ubiquitin-like modifier) in the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response regulates recruitment, activity, and clearance of repair factors. However, our understanding of a role for deSUMOylation in this process is limited. Here we identify different mechanistic roles for deSUMOylation in homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) through the investigation of the deSUMOylase SENP2. We found that regulated deSUMOylation of MDC1 prevents excessive SUMOylation and its RNF4-VCP mediated clearance from DSBs, thereby promoting NHEJ. In contrast, we show that HR is differentially sensitive to SUMO availability and SENP2 activity is needed to provide SUMO. SENP2 is amplified as part of the chromosome 3q amplification in many cancers. Increased SENP2 expression prolongs MDC1 focus retention and increases NHEJ and radioresistance. Collectively, our data reveal that deSUMOylation differentially primes cells for responding to DSBs and demonstrates the ability of SENP2 to tune DSB repair responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Garvin
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra K Walker
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth M Densham
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Anoop Singh Chauhan
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Stone
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L Mackay
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Jamshad
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Daza-Martin
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - George E Ronson
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J Lanz
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - James F Beesley
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna R Morris
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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40
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Functional cooperativity of p97 and histone deacetylase 6 in mediating DNA repair in mantle cell lymphoma cells. Leukemia 2019; 33:1675-1686. [PMID: 30664664 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
p97 is an ATPase that works in concert with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), to facilitate the degradation of misfolded proteins by autophagosomes. p97 has also been implicated in DNA repair and maintaining genomic stability. In this study, we determined the effect of combined inhibition of p97 and HDAC6 activities in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells. We report that treatment with p97 inhibitors induces dose-dependent apoptosis in MCL cells. The p97 inhibitor CB-5083 induces ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP and results in the accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins. Co-treatment with CB-5083 and the HDAC6 inhibitor ACY-1215 result in marked downregulation of CDK4, Cyclin D1, and BRCA1 levels without inhibiting autophagic flux. Consequently, treatment with CB-5083 accentuates DNA damage in response to treatment with ACY-1215 resulting in enhanced accumulation of H2AX-γ and synergistic apoptosis. Furthermore, ATM loss severely impairs phosphorylation of 53BP1 following co-treatment with CB-5083 and ACY-1215 in response to gamma irradiation. Finally, co-treatment CB-5083 and ACY-1215 results in reduced tumor volumes and improves survival in Z138C and Jeko-1 xenografts in NSG mice. These observations suggest that combined inhibition of p97 and HDAC6 abrogates resolution of proteotoxic stress and impairs DNA repair mechanisms in MCL cells.
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41
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Dhar S, Gursoy-Yuzugullu O, Parasuram R, Price BD. The tale of a tail: histone H4 acetylation and the repair of DNA breaks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0284. [PMID: 28847821 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to detect and repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) within the complex architecture of the genome requires co-ordination between the DNA repair machinery and chromatin remodelling complexes. This co-ordination is essential to process damaged chromatin and create open chromatin structures which are required for repair. Initially, there is a PARP-dependent recruitment of repressors, including HP1 and several H3K9 methyltransferases, and exchange of histone H2A.Z by the NuA4-Tip60 complex. This creates repressive chromatin at the DSB in which the tail of histone H4 is bound to the acidic patch on the nucleosome surface. These repressor complexes are then removed, allowing rapid acetylation of the H4 tail by Tip60. H4 acetylation blocks interaction between the H4 tail and the acidic patch on adjacent nucleosomes, decreasing inter-nucleosomal interactions and creating open chromatin. Further, the H4 tail is now free to recruit proteins such as 53BP1 to DSBs, a process modulated by H4 acetylation, and provides binding sites for bromodomain proteins, including ZMYND8 and BRD4, which are important for DSB repair. Here, we will discuss how the H4 tail functions as a dynamic hub that can be programmed through acetylation to alter chromatin packing and recruit repair proteins to the break site.This article is part of the themed issue 'Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Dhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Ozge Gursoy-Yuzugullu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Ramya Parasuram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Brendan D Price
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02132, USA
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42
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Baranes-Bachar K, Levy-Barda A, Oehler J, Reid DA, Soria-Bretones I, Voss TC, Chung D, Park Y, Liu C, Yoon JB, Li W, Dellaire G, Misteli T, Huertas P, Rothenberg E, Ramadan K, Ziv Y, Shiloh Y. The Ubiquitin E3/E4 Ligase UBE4A Adjusts Protein Ubiquitylation and Accumulation at Sites of DNA Damage, Facilitating Double-Strand Break Repair. Mol Cell 2018; 69:866-878.e7. [PMID: 29499138 PMCID: PMC6265044 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are critical DNA lesions that robustly activate the elaborate DNA damage response (DDR) network. We identified a critical player in DDR fine-tuning: the E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase UBE4A. UBE4A's recruitment to sites of DNA damage is dependent on primary E3 ligases in the DDR and promotes enhancement and sustainment of K48- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains at these sites. This step is required for timely recruitment of the RAP80 and BRCA1 proteins and proper organization of RAP80- and BRCA1-associated protein complexes at DSB sites. This pathway is essential for optimal end resection at DSBs, and its abrogation leads to upregulation of the highly mutagenic alternative end-joining repair at the expense of error-free homologous recombination repair. Our data uncover a critical regulatory level in the DSB response and underscore the importance of fine-tuning the complex DDR network for accurate and balanced execution of DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Baranes-Bachar
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adva Levy-Barda
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Judith Oehler
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dylan A Reid
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Soria-Bretones
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) and Department of Genetics, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ty C Voss
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dudley Chung
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Protein Network Research Center, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jong-Bok Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Protein Network Research Center, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Huertas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER) and Department of Genetics, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yael Ziv
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yosef Shiloh
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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43
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Functional Analysis of Human Hub Proteins and Their Interactors Involved in the Intrinsic Disorder-Enriched Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122761. [PMID: 29257115 PMCID: PMC5751360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions are promiscuous interactors that are involved in one-to-many and many-to-one binding. Several studies have analyzed enrichment of intrinsic disorder among the promiscuous hub proteins. We extended these works by providing a detailed functional characterization of the disorder-enriched hub protein-protein interactions (PPIs), including both hubs and their interactors, and by analyzing their enrichment among disease-associated proteins. We focused on the human interactome, given its high degree of completeness and relevance to the analysis of the disease-linked proteins. We quantified and investigated numerous functional and structural characteristics of the disorder-enriched hub PPIs, including protein binding, structural stability, evolutionary conservation, several categories of functional sites, and presence of over twenty types of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). We showed that the disorder-enriched hub PPIs have a significantly enlarged number of disordered protein binding regions and long intrinsically disordered regions. They also include high numbers of targeting, catalytic, and many types of PTM sites. We empirically demonstrated that these hub PPIs are significantly enriched among 11 out of 18 considered classes of human diseases that are associated with at least 100 human proteins. Finally, we also illustrated how over a dozen specific human hubs utilize intrinsic disorder for their promiscuous PPIs.
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44
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Garvin AJ, Morris JR. SUMO, a small, but powerful, regulator of double-strand break repair. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160281. [PMID: 28847818 PMCID: PMC5577459 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to a DNA double-stranded break in mammalian cells is a process of sensing and signalling the lesion. It results in halting the cell cycle and local transcription and in the mediation of the DNA repair process itself. The response is launched through a series of post-translational modification signalling events coordinated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination. More recently modifications of proteins by Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) isoforms have also been found to be key to coordination of the response (Morris et al. 2009 Nature462, 886-890 (doi:10.1038/nature08593); Galanty et al. 2009 Nature462, 935-939 (doi:10.1038/nature08657)). However our understanding of the role of SUMOylation is slight compared with our growing knowledge of how ubiquitin drives signal amplification and key chromatin interactions. In this review we consider our current knowledge of how SUMO isoforms, SUMO conjugation machinery, SUMO proteases and SUMO-interacting proteins contribute to directing altered chromatin states and to repair-protein kinetics at a double-stranded DNA lesion in mammalian cells. We also consider the gaps in our understanding.This article is part of the themed issue 'Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Garvin
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joanna R Morris
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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45
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Jeggo PA, Downs JA, Gasser SM. Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160279. [PMID: 28847816 PMCID: PMC5577457 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Penny A Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN71TL, UK
| | - Jessica A Downs
- Genome Stability Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Susan M Gasser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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