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Pennance T, Rollinson D. Accelerating snail vector genomics. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:32. [PMID: 38711151 PMCID: PMC11071182 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The three most important genera of snails for the transmission of schistosomes are Bulinus, Biomphalaria and Oncomelania. Each of these genera, found in two distantly related families, includes species that act as the intermediate host for one of the three most widespread schistosome species infecting humans, Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum, respectively. An important step in the fight against schistosomiasis in Asia has been taken with the publication of the article "Chromosome-level genome assembly of Oncomelania hupensis: the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum", which means that genomes for all three major genera, including species across three continents, are now available in the public domain. This includes the first genomes of African snail vectors, namely Biomphalaria sudanica, Bi. pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus, as well as high-quality chromosome level assemblies for South American Bi. glabrata. Most importantly, the wealth of new genomic and transcriptomic data is helping to establish the specific molecular mechanisms that underly compatibility between snails and their schistosomes, which although diverse and complex, may help to identify potential targets dictating host parasite interactions that can be utilised in future transmission control strategies. This new work on Oncomelania hupensis and indeed studies on other snail vectors, which provide deep insights into the genome, will stimulate research that may well lead to new and much needed control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Pennance
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | - David Rollinson
- Global Schistosomiasis Alliance, Ealing Cross, 85 Uxbridge Road, Ealing, London, W5 5BW, UK.
- Science Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
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Machado CV, Mentz MB, Hartke S, Zancan DM. Occurrence of Cruzia tentaculata Larvae in the Land Snail Megalobulimus abbreviatus-Influence of Natural Parasite Load on Snail Physiology. Zoolog Sci 2023; 40:475-485. [PMID: 38064375 DOI: 10.2108/zs230047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The nematode Cruzia tentaculata is reported here for the first time in the land snail Megalobulimus abbreviatus in southern Brazil. The snails were infected with a high prevalence of larvae up to the L3 stage (68.6%). Cysts were located mainly in the mantle (pulmonary cavity) and the nerve ring. No other helminths were identified in the collected snails. Some physiological aspects were compared between snails infected with L3 larvae and non-infected snails and among infected animals with different parasite loads. No differences were found in hemolymph protein, glucose, or urea content between L3-infected and non-infected snails, nor among animals with different parasite loads. Discontinuous lesions in the rectum associated with the presence of encapsulated larvae were visible in animals with high parasite loads and were more frequent in adult animals. All analyses were carried out during the breeding season; however, the albumen glands of mature snails had a smaller volume in those with higher parasite loads. Ovotestis weight was also significantly negatively correlated with parasite load. Snail reproductive capacity could, therefore, be partially impaired but only for individuals with higher parasite loads. Considering only the measured parameters, natural infection by C. tentaculata does not appear to affect intermediary metabolism of M. abbreviatus. A greater number of larvae and greater severity of tissue injuries are more frequently observed in older snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clivia Valle Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Marcia B Mentz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Imunologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Sara Hartke
- Departamento de Fisiologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Denise M Zancan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil,
- Departamento de Fisiologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Brazil
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3
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Langeloh L, Jokela J, Seppälä K, Seppälä O. Ecological determinants of variation in phenotypic selection on quantitative immune defence traits. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Langeloh
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
- Inst. of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jukka Jokela
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
- Inst. of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Katri Seppälä
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
- Research Dept of Limnology, Univ. of Innsbuck Mondsee Austria
| | - Otto Seppälä
- Dept of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Inst. of Aquatic Science and Technology Dübendorf Switzerland
- Inst. of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- Research Dept of Limnology, Univ. of Innsbuck Mondsee Austria
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Manna S, Ray A, Gautam A, Mukherjee S, Ray M, Ray S. A comparative account of coelomocyte of earthworm ecotypes with reference to its morphology, morphometry, density, phagocytosis, autofluorescence, and oxidative status. J Morphol 2022; 283:956-972. [PMID: 35621718 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Earthworms inhabit different strata of moist soil. Epigeic and endogeic earthworms prefer superficial and inner stratum of soil respectively, whereas, semiaquatic species are distributed around hydrated soil near ponds and lakes. Coelomocytes, the chief immunoeffector cells of coelomic origin, perform diverse physiological functions like phagocytosis, maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and acid-base balance of coelomic fluid, graft rejection, elicitation of cytotoxic, and oxidative responses under the challenges of pathogens and toxins. The present study aims to analyze selected morphological and functional parameters in three differentially adapted Indian earthworms of nonsimilar habitats. Coelomocytes of Glyphidrilus tuberosus (Stephenson, 1916) (semiaquatic), Perionyx excavatus (Perrier, 1872) (epigeic), and Eutyphoeus orientalis (Beddard, 1883) (endogeic) were isolated for morphological and morphometric analyses and subjected to determination of phagocytic, oxidative, and cytotoxic responses. Activities of phenoloxidase, pro, and antioxidant enzymes, and autofluorescence were determined in the extruded coelomocytes of earthworms of three contrasting habitats. The differential result may be correlated with species-specific responses and variation in habitat preference and related adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Manna
- Department of Zoology, Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Ray
- Department of Zoology, Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunodaya Gautam
- Department of Zoology, Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumalya Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Zoology, Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Zoology, Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sajal Ray
- Department of Zoology, Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Davison A, Neiman M. Pearls of wisdom-a Theo Murphy issue on molluscan genomics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200151. [PMID: 33813890 PMCID: PMC8059963 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angus Davison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maurine Neiman
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
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