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Dhar P, Thakur A, Asrani RK, Katoch V, Sharma M. Protein profile of FAdV-4 based on SDS-PAGE and Western blot isolated from chickens in India. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 58:31-35. [PMID: 30245048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) causes hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) in poultry worldwide. An understanding of viral structural protein composition is important for developing novel immunodiagnostics and immunoprophylactics. Here we report isolation, culture, molecular and protein profile of FAdV-4 isolates recovered from HPS outbreaks in chicken in the states of Himachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in India. We performed a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting-based protein profiling of FAdV-4 isolates against a reference FAdV-1 or Chicken Embryo Lethal Orphan (CELO) virus. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that seven protein bands in FAdV-4 isolates were similar to CELO expect an additional band of 110 kDa in CELO virus. On Western blotting, two protein fractions of 43 kDa and 78 kDa size were observed in FAdV-4 isolates. Overall, results show that FAdV-4 isolates recovered from different regions of the country had similar protein profile and possibly a common source of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Dhar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Asrani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vipin Katoch
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mandeep Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
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2
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Feichtner F, Schachner A, Berger E, Hess M. Development of sensitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for specific detection of antibodies against fowl adenovirus serotypes 1 and 4 in chickens. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:73-82. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1372561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Feichtner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Schachner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Berger
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Virus purification by CsCl density gradient using general centrifugation. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3523-3528. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Balamurugan V, Kataria JM, Kataria RS, Verma KC, Nanthakumar T. Characterization of fowl adenovirus serotype-4 associated with hydropericardium syndrome in chicken. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 25:139-47. [PMID: 12053912 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-9571(01)00032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The polypeptides of three fowl adenovirus-4 (FAV-4) field isolates of hydropericardium syndrome from various geographical areas of the country and the standard FAV-1 (CELO virus) were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analysed by protein immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies to FAV-4 and FAV-1. Protein profile analysis of FAV-4 isolates revealed similarity of all the eight polypeptides with molecular weight ranging from 20 to 107 kDa but differed from CELO, particularly in their 24.2 kDa protein. Subsequent immunoblotting showed relatedness of at least five protein fractions of FAV-4 to CELO virus.
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5
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Cheng AC, Wang MS, Chen XY, Guo YF, Liu ZY, Fang PF. Pathogenic and pathological characteristic of new type gosling viral enteritis first observed in China. World J Gastroenterol 2001; 7:678-84. [PMID: 11819853 PMCID: PMC4695573 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v7.i5.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the purifying method and characteristics of new gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV), the etiological agent of new gosling viral enteritis (NGVE) which was first recognized in China, as well as the pathomorphological development in goslings infected artificially with NGVEV.
METHODS: ① NGVEV virions were purified by the procedure of treatment with chloroform and ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis to remove the sulfate radical and ammonium ion and separation by gel filtration chromatography, and SDS-PAGE. ② Forty 2-day-old White Sichuan goslings were orally administered with NGVEV and 24 h later 2 birds were randomly selected and killed at 24 h intervals until death occurred. Specimens (duodenum, ileum, liver, heart, kidney, spleen, lung, proventriculus, pancreas, esophagus, and the intestinal embolus) were taken until all birds in this group died and were sectioned and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin and studied by light microscope.
RESULTS: NGVEV shared the typical characteristics of Adenovirus and which structural proteins consisted of 15 polypeptides. Necrosis and sloughing of the epithelial cells covering the villus tips of the duodenum were first observed in goslings 2 d postinfection artificially with NGVEV. With the progress of infection, this lesion rapidly occurred in the epithelium at the base of the villus and with infiltration of the inflammatory cells, the jejunum tended to be involved. With the intensification of mucosa necrosis and inflammatory exudation of the small intestine, fibrinonecrotic enteritis was further developed and embolus composed of either intestinal contents wrapped by pseudomembrane or of the mixture of fibrous exudate and necrotic intestinal mucosa were observed in the middle-lower part of the small intestine. This structure occluded the intestinal tract and made the intestine dilated in appearance. The intestinal glandular cells underwent degeneration, necrosis and might be found sloughed into the lumen. Hemorrhage and hyperemia could be observed on the lung and kidney. Epithelial cells of the renal tubular underwent degeneration. In some cases, granular degeneration and fatty degeneration could be found in the liver and in some cases at a later stage of this disease the epithelial cells of trachea and proventriculus might be found sloughed. In some cases at an early stage of this disease, cardiac hyperemia and hemorrhage could be observed. Esophagus, pancreas and brain were found normal. Analyses and comparisons between the pathologic lesions of NGVE and Gosling Plague (GP) were available in this paper as well.
CONCLUSION: ① NGVEV is adenovirus. ② Pathological characteristic could be as the data for NGVE diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan Province, China.
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6
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Ivanova MM, Rosenkranz AA, Smirnova OA, Nikitin VA, Sobolev AS, Landa V, Naroditsky BS, Ernst LK. Receptor-mediated transport of foreign DNA into preimplantation mammalian embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 1999; 54:112-20. [PMID: 10471470 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(199910)54:2<112::aid-mrd2>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mouse and rabbit preimplantation embryos with intact zona pellucida were incubated for 3 hr with DNA-carrying constructs containing insulin as an internalizable ligand: (insulin-polylysine)-DNA and (insulin-polylysine)-DNA-(streptavidin-polylysine)-(biotinylated adenovirus). Video-intensified microscopy demonstrated that the constructs penetrated the zona pellucida and accumulated in the blastomere perinuclear space. The percentage of blastocysts formed was about 70% after incubation of zygotes and two-cell embryos with the constructs. Foreign DNA was detected after 51 hr in 80% of rabbit embryos and after 96 hr in 73% of mouse embryos. Inclusion of various adenoviruses into the construct improved foreign DNA preservation in early embryos. Blot hybridization revealed genome-integrated foreign DNA in 12- and 15-day mouse embryos and in a newborn. Thus, the ligand-mediated mechanism can be employed for introducing foreign genetic material into early mammalian embryos; insulin provides for delivery inside the cell and to the nucleus, while adenoviruses ensure release from endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ivanova
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Diagnostics of Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Michou AI, Lehrmann H, Saltik M, Cotten M. Mutational analysis of the avian adenovirus CELO, which provides a basis for gene delivery vectors. J Virol 1999; 73:1399-410. [PMID: 9882345 PMCID: PMC103964 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.2.1399-1410.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian adenovirus CELO is being developed as a gene transfer tool. Using homologous recombination in Escherichia coli, the CELO genome was screened for regions that could be deleted and would tolerate the insertion of a marker gene (luciferase or enhanced green fluorescent protein). For each mutant genome, the production of viable virus able to deliver the transgene to target cells was monitored. A series of mutants in the genome identified a set of open reading frames that could be deleted but which must be supplied in trans for virus replication. A region of the genome which is dispensable for viral replication and allows the insertion of an expression cassette was identified and a vector based on this mutation was evaluated as a gene delivery reagent. Transduction of avian cells occurs at 10- to 100-fold greater efficiency (per virus particle) than with an adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-based vector carrying the same expression cassette. Most important for gene transfer applications, the CELO vector transduced mammalian cells as efficiently as an Ad5 vector. The CELO vector is exceptionally stable, can be grown inexpensively in chicken embryos, and provides a useful alternative to Ad5-based vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Michou
- Institute for Molecular Pathology, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Payet V, Arnauld C, Picault JP, Jestin A, Langlois P. Transcriptional organization of the avian adenovirus CELO. J Virol 1998; 72:9278-85. [PMID: 9765475 PMCID: PMC110347 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.11.9278-9285.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed map of the transcriptional organization of the CELO virus genome was produced. Recent computer analysis of CELO virus has indicated the presence of 38 putative open reading frames (ORFs). This study, based on analysis of the transcriptional products of CELO in vitro, confirmed the presence of RNAs for 26 of these 38 ORFs. All of the results were obtained by cDNA isolation or specific reverse transcriptase PCR. Observation of ORF transcription kinetics postinfection revealed the existence of early and late expression, with the earliest starting at 2 h postinfection. The 5' untranslated regions of some RNAs were also studied, and this revealed the existence of a bipartite leader sequence, comparable in structure to the tripartite leader of mastadenovirus. The leader most probably involved in transcriptional activity was observed in most of the structural protein genes of the CELO virus genome. This suggests some homology in transcriptional organization between the avian adenovirus CELO and known mastadenoviruses such as human adenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Payet
- Unité de Biologie Moleculaire, Centre National d'Etudes Vétérinaires et Alimentaires, 22440 Ploufragan, France
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9
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Rosenkranz AA, Antonenko YN, Smirnova OA, Yurov GK, Naroditsky BS, Sobolev AS. Avian adenovirus induces ion channels in model bilayer lipid membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 236:750-3. [PMID: 9245727 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The action of duck egg drop syndrome 1976 (EDS-76) adenovirus on model bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) has been investigated on planar egg phosphatidylcholine membranes and small unilamellar vesicles. It was found that the adenovirus formed channels in planar BLM in a pH-dependent manner. The addition of EDS-76 to planar BLM at pH 5 induced voltage-independent channel activity of about 60 pS conductivity after a lag phase. At pH 3, EDS-76 induced irregular spikes of current across the planar BLM which disappeared after several minutes. The adenovirus also was able to induce pH-dependent leakage of calcein-loaded liposomes. EDS-76 did not induce channel activity in planar BLM or liposome leakage at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Rosenkranz
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Russia.
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10
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Maiti NK, Sarkar P. Structural polypeptides of different clinical strains of avian adenovirus type-1. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 20:53-8. [PMID: 9023041 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-9571(96)00028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The polypeptides of two liver strains, two ovarian strains and one standard strain of avian adenovirus-1 (AAV-1) were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blot using polyclonal antibodies to all the strains and isoelectric focusing (IEF). All the strains had 11 polypeptides and molecular weight varied between 9 and 100 kDa. The polypeptide pattern was similar in all the strains as revealed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. However, some differences among the strains on the basis of isoelectric point of polypeptide were observed by IEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Maiti
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidylaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
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11
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Chiocca S, Kurzbauer R, Schaffner G, Baker A, Mautner V, Cotten M. The complete DNA sequence and genomic organization of the avian adenovirus CELO. J Virol 1996; 70:2939-49. [PMID: 8627769 PMCID: PMC190152 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.5.2939-2949.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete DNA sequence of the avian adenovirus chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO) virus (FAV-1) is reported here. The genome was found to be 43,804 bp in length, approximately 8 kb longer than those of the human subgenus C adenoviruses (Ad2 and Ad5). This length is supported by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of genomes isolated from several related FAV-1 isolates (Indiana C and OTE). The genes for major viral structural proteins (Illa, penton base, hexon, pVI, and pVIII), as well as the 52,000-molecular-weight (52K) and 100K proteins and the early-region 2 genes and IVa2, are present in the expected locations in the genome. CELO virus encodes two fiber proteins and a different set of the DNA-packaging core proteins, which may be important in condensing the longer CELO virus genome. No pV or pIX genes are present. Most surprisingly, CELO virus possesses no identifiable E1, E3, and E4 regions. There is 5 kb at the left end of the CELO virus genome and 15 kb at the right end with no homology to Ad2. The sequences are rich in open reading frames, and it is likely that these encode functions that replace the missing El, E3, and E4 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chiocca
- Institute for Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Yeh HY, Pieniazek N, Pieniazek D, Gelderblom H, Luftig RB. Human adenovirus type 41 contains two fibers. Virus Res 1994; 33:179-98. [PMID: 7975882 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA sequencing of the subgroup F human adenovirus serotype 41 (TAK, Ad41) fiber gene revealed the presence of two adjacent open reading frames encoding information for proteins with molecular weights of 60.6 kDa and 41.4 kDa (Pieniazek, et al; Nucleic Acids Res. 18: p. 1901, 1990). In this paper, various approaches were used to characterize the two proteins and determine whether both fibers were expressed in infected cells as well as on viral particles. We initially used a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with primers for the short and long fiber genes to amplify mRNA from Ad41 infected HEp-2 cells at 48 h post-infection. Two distinct DNA bands; one slightly larger than 1.1 kbp and the other at about 1.7 kbp were identified. Second, we used polyclonal anti-Ad41 virion and monoclonal anti-Ad5 fiber antibodies to demonstrate that at both 24 and 36 h post-infection, Ad41 expressed two fiber proteins of the expected size. Specifically, by SDS-PAGE, one fiber (short) had a molecular weight of 40 kDa, while the other (long) had a molecular weight of 60 kDa. Third, by electron microscopy, two sizes of fibers were released from CsCl purified virions, both having a characteristic adenovirus morphology, with a knob at one end. The long fiber measured 315A in length and the short fiber was 250A long. These measurements are consistent with the two Ad41 fibers being encoded by the above open reading frames. We also performed a computer search to compare fiber sequences from other human adenovirus serotypes with that of the Ad41 short and long fiber proteins. The primary structure of both Ad41 fibers were found to be similar in that they contained tail, shaft and knob regions. Further, the tail region of both fibers (amino acids 1-42) showed a 74% overall homology to each other and contained the Ad conserved sequence NH2-F-N-P-V-Y-P-Y-COOH. An interesting difference, however, was observed in the shaft region where the long fiber (amino acids 43-389) had twenty-two 16-amino acid repeat motifs, while the short fiber (amino acids 43-233) had only twelve. Finally, we noted that the long fiber knob region was about 15% longer than that of the short fiber, and showed little overall homology. In conclusion, human adenovirus subgroup F (type 41) virions appear to differ from those of all other human adenoviruses (subgenera A-E) in that they contain two fiber genes and correspondingly, two different sized fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Yeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112-1393
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13
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Sheppard M, Trist H. The identification of genes for the major core proteins of fowl adenovirus serotype 10. Arch Virol 1993; 132:443-9. [PMID: 7691049 DOI: 10.1007/bf01309553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The sequence analysis of 1218 base pairs containing the probable fowl adenovirus (FAV) equivalents to the major core genes of human adenovirus (HAV) located on the late transcription unit number 2 (L2) has been completed. Two open reading frames (ORF) 3 prime to the gene for the penton base have been identified (41.3 to 43.4 map units). The putative poly A recognition sequence signalling the end of the L2 transcription unit has also been located. The two ORFs identified encode polypeptides that are highly basic in nature, especially rich in arginine. Both ORF appear to encode the FAV equivalents to the HAV major core polypeptides. The genomic map locations of these two ORFs have been determined and compared to the map locations of HAV-2 pV, pVII, and mu genes. A possible third core protein gene of FAV-10 that reads in the reverse direction was also tentatively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sheppard
- CSIRO Division of Animal Health, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Abstract
A portion of the fowl adenovirus 10 (FAV-10) penton base gene was located within a Sau3A genomic DNA fragment by the combination of a plasmid expression library and colony immunoassays with rabbit anti-FAV-10-sera. The coding portion of the sequence contained in the expression vector was mapped to a 11.6-kb Bg/II fragment and more precisely mapped to the right-hand end of the 11.6-kb fragment at map units 37.7 to 41.3. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the region revealed an open reading frame of 1575 bp with translation of the sequence producing a polypeptide of 525 amino acids in length. The polypeptide predicted from the open reading frame would have a molecular weight of 57.4 kDa. Analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed an overall homology of 41.8% with the human adenovirus 2 (HAV-2) penton base. However, a region near the center of the polypeptide (amino acids 219 to 311) showed a significantly greater level of homology to the HAV-2 penton base (71%). Time course experiments using mRNA confirmed that this gene is expressed at late times postinfection. Upon probing genomic DNA from other FAV serotypes the penton base coding region hybridized to all six different serotypes tested, indicating a relatively conserved DNA sequence among a variety of FAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sheppard
- CSIRO, Division of Animal Health, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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15
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van den Hurk JV. Characterization of the structural proteins of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. Arch Virol 1992; 126:195-213. [PMID: 1326260 DOI: 10.1007/bf01309695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The structural proteins of hemorrhagic enteritis (HEV), a turkey adenovirus, were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and Western blotting using polyspecific, monospecific and monoclonal antibodies for detection. In purified HEV preparations, eleven polypeptides with apparent molecular weights ranging from 96,000 to 9,500 (96k to 9.5k), were specifically recognized by convalescent turkey serum. Six of these polypeptides were further characterized by PAGE, Western blotting, ELISA, sucrose gradient centrifugation and electron microscopy. The 96k polypeptide was identified as the hexon polypeptide which is a monomer of the major outer capsid or hexon protein. The 51/52k and 29k polypeptides, identified as the penton base and fiber polypeptides respectively, were the components of the vertex or penton protein. The 57k polypeptide was identified as a homologue of the human adenovirus type 2 (Ad 2) IIIa protein with which it shares a common epitope. Two core proteins with molecular weights of 12.5 and 9.5k were present in purified HEV nucleoprotein cores. The proteins of two HEV isolates, one apathogenic (HEV-A) and one virulent (HEV-V), resembled each other in most respects. However, differences between HEV-A and HEV-V were found in electrophoretic migration of the penton base protein both under native and denatured conditions, and in the electrophoretic migration of the 43/44k polypeptide. Moreover, homologous antiserum against the fiber protein reacted stronger than heterologous antiserum in an ELISA. Single fibers were detected by electron microscopy attached to the penton base proteins of HEV virions and in isolated pentons. The feature of having single fibers is shared with the mammalian adenoviruses and the avian egg drop syndrome 1976 virus (EDS 76 V), but not with the fowl adenoviruses which have double fibers attached to their penton base proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V van den Hurk
- Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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16
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Larsson S, Bellett A, Akusjärvi G. VA RNAs from avian and human adenoviruses: dramatic differences in length, sequence, and gene location. J Virol 1986; 58:600-9. [PMID: 3009871 PMCID: PMC252950 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.58.2.600-609.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses encode low-molecular-weight RNAs, so-called VA RNAs, which are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. These RNAs are required for an efficient translation of viral mRNAs late after infection. The genes for the VA RNAs in the genome of CELO virus were mapped and characterized. The results showed a number of surprising differences between CELO virus and human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2). Thus, the CELO virus genome encoded only one VA RNA species, in contrast to human Ad2, which encoded two distinct species. The VA RNA from CELO virus was much shorter than the Ad2 VA RNAs (90 nucleotides compared with 160 nucleotides), and there existed no detectable primary sequence homology between them. The predicted secondary structure of CELO virus VA RNA was, however, similar to that of the Ad2 VA RNAs, implying that the folding rather than the primary sequence was the important feature for biological activity. CELO VA RNA also stimulated translation in a transient expression assay, as did the Ad2 counterparts, albeit with a much lower efficiency. The location of the gene for CELO VA RNA also differed from all previously characterized serotypes, suggesting that the genome organization of avian and human adenoviruses are different. Finally, termination of CELO VA RNA transcription occurred in a TTATT sequence which is unique as a stop signal for RNA polymerase III transcription.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/metabolism
- Animals
- Aviadenovirus/genetics
- Aviadenovirus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- Genes, Viral
- Molecular Weight
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA Polymerase III/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/physiology
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Transcription, Genetic
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