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Dziri S, Rodriguez C, Gerber A, Brichler S, Alloui C, Roulot D, Dény P, Pawlotsky JM, Gordien E, Le Gal F. Variable In Vivo Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) RNA Editing Rates According to the HDV Genotype. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081572. [PMID: 34452437 PMCID: PMC8402866 DOI: 10.3390/v13081572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small defective RNA satellite virus that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope proteins to form its own virions. The HDV genome possesses a single coding open reading frame (ORF), located on a replicative intermediate, the antigenome, encoding the small (s) and the large (L) isoforms of the delta antigen (s-HDAg and L-HDAg). The latter is produced following an editing process, changing the amber/stop codon on the s-HDAg-ORF into a tryptophan codon, allowing L-HDAg synthesis by the addition of 19 (or 20) C-terminal amino acids. The two delta proteins play different roles in the viral cell cycle: s-HDAg activates genome replication, while L-HDAg blocks replication and favors virion morphogenesis and propagation. L-HDAg has also been involved in HDV pathogenicity. Understanding the kinetics of viral editing rates in vivo is key to unravel the biology of the virus and understand its spread and natural history. We developed and validated a new assay based on next-generation sequencing and aimed at quantifying HDV RNA editing in plasma. We analyzed plasma samples from 219 patients infected with different HDV genotypes and showed that HDV editing capacity strongly depends on the genotype of the strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Dziri
- Centre National de Référence des Hépatites Virales B, C et Delta, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital-Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93000 Bobigny, France; (S.D.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (C.A.); (P.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Christophe Rodriguez
- Centre National de référence des Hépatites Virales B, C et Delta, Département de Virologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Est, 94000 Créteil, France; (C.R.); (J.M.P.)
- Unité INSERM U955, équipe 18, 94000 Créteil, France;
| | - Athenaïs Gerber
- Centre National de Référence des Hépatites Virales B, C et Delta, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital-Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93000 Bobigny, France; (S.D.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (C.A.); (P.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Ségolène Brichler
- Centre National de Référence des Hépatites Virales B, C et Delta, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital-Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93000 Bobigny, France; (S.D.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (C.A.); (P.D.); (E.G.)
- Unité INSERM U955, équipe 18, 94000 Créteil, France;
| | - Chakib Alloui
- Centre National de Référence des Hépatites Virales B, C et Delta, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital-Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93000 Bobigny, France; (S.D.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (C.A.); (P.D.); (E.G.)
- Unité INSERM U955, équipe 18, 94000 Créteil, France;
| | - Dominique Roulot
- Unité INSERM U955, équipe 18, 94000 Créteil, France;
- Unité d’hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Paul Dény
- Centre National de Référence des Hépatites Virales B, C et Delta, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital-Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93000 Bobigny, France; (S.D.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (C.A.); (P.D.); (E.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-UMR CNRS 5286, 69001 Lyon, France
| | - Jean Michel Pawlotsky
- Centre National de référence des Hépatites Virales B, C et Delta, Département de Virologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Est, 94000 Créteil, France; (C.R.); (J.M.P.)
- Unité INSERM U955, équipe 18, 94000 Créteil, France;
| | - Emmanuel Gordien
- Centre National de Référence des Hépatites Virales B, C et Delta, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital-Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93000 Bobigny, France; (S.D.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (C.A.); (P.D.); (E.G.)
- Unité INSERM U955, équipe 18, 94000 Créteil, France;
| | - Frédéric Le Gal
- Centre National de Référence des Hépatites Virales B, C et Delta, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital-Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 93000 Bobigny, France; (S.D.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (C.A.); (P.D.); (E.G.)
- Unité INSERM U955, équipe 18, 94000 Créteil, France;
- Correspondence:
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Macnaughton TB, Li YI, Doughty AL, Lai MMC. Hepatitis delta virus RNA encoding the large delta antigen cannot sustain replication due to rapid accumulation of mutations associated with RNA editing. J Virol 2003; 77:12048-56. [PMID: 14581541 PMCID: PMC254293 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.22.12048-12056.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) contains two RNA species (HDV-S and HDV-L), which encode the small and large forms of hepatitis delta antigens (S- and L-HDAg), respectively. HDV-L RNA is a result of an RNA editing event occurring at an amber/W site of HDV-S RNA. RNA editing must be regulated to prevent premature and excessive accumulation of HDV-L RNA in the viral life cycle. In this study, we used an RNA transfection procedure to study the replication abilities of HDV-L and HDV-S RNA. While HDV-S led to robust RNA replication, HDV-L could not replicate even after 6 days following transfection. The failure of HDV-L to replicate was not due to insufficient amounts of S-HDAg, as identical results were obtained in a cell line that stably overexpresses S-HDAg. Also, it was not due to possible inhibition by L-HDAg, as HDV-S RNA replication was not affected when both HDV-L and HDV-S RNA were cotransfected. Further, when L-HDAg expression from HDV-L RNA was abolished by site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant HDV-L RNA also failed to replicate. Unexpectedly, when the kinetics of RNA replication was examined daily, HDV-L was found to replicate at a low level at the early time points (1 to 2 days posttransfection) but then lose this capability at later time points. Sequence analysis of the replicated HDV-L RNA at day 1 posttransfection showed that it had undergone multiple nucleotide changes, particularly in the region near the putative promoter region of HDV RNA replication. In contrast, very few mutations were found in HDV-S RNA. These results suggest that the editing at the amber/W site triggers a series of additional mutations which rapidly reduce the replication efficiency of the resultant HDV genome and thus help regulate the amount of HDV-L RNA in infected cells. They also explain why L-HDAg is not produced early in HDV infection, despite the fact that HDV-L RNA is present in the virion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Macnaughton
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033-1054, USA
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Nakano T, Shapiro CN, Hadler SC, Casey JL, Mizokami M, Orito E, Robertson BH. Characterization of hepatitis D virus genotype III among Yucpa Indians in Venezuela. J Gen Virol 2001; 82:2183-2189. [PMID: 11514728 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequences of hepatitis D virus (HDV) strains isolated from three Yucpa Amerindians in Venezuela were determined and found to be genotype III. Comparison of these three genotype III sequences demonstrated the presence of a hypervariable region containing numerous substitutions, insertions/deletions and a highly conserved region containing the self-cleavage domains, which have been reported previously for genotypes I and II. Amino acid changes within the first 90 amino acids of the hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) were found in the genotype III sequences, while the remainder of the HDAg-coding sequence was conserved. The secondary structure for the RNA-editing site differed between genotypes I and III. It was concluded that the serious delta hepatitis outbreaks characterized epidemiologically in the Yucpa Amerindians were caused by HDV genotype III isolates that were related to HDV genotype III isolates from other regions of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Nakano
- Second Department of Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan3
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA1
| | - Craig N Shapiro
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA1
| | - Stephan C Hadler
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA1
| | | | - Masashi Mizokami
- Second Department of Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan3
| | - Etsuro Orito
- Second Department of Medicine, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan3
| | - Betty H Robertson
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA1
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Abstract
The hepatitis D virus (HDV) relies on the helper hepatitis B virus (HBV) for the provision of its envelope, which consists of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The RNA genome of HDV is a circular rod-like structure due to its extensive intramolecular base-pairing. HDV-RNA has ribozyme activity which includes autocatalytic cleavage and self-ligation properties, essential in virus replication via the rolling circle mechanism. Replication of the RNA is thought to be effected by cellular RNA polymerase II. Hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) is the only protein encoded by HDV-RNA and its long and short forms have a regulatory role in the replication and morphogenesis of the virus. Superinfected HBV carriers who become chronically infected with HDV are at increased risk of developing cirrhosis. Attempts to treat such carriers with interferon have not been particularly successful. In recent years the epidemiology of HDV has changed primarily due to the impact of HBV vaccination in preventing an increase in the pool of susceptible individuals. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Karayiannis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, UK
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Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a unique viroid-like human pathogen that is always associated with hepatitis B infection. Replication of HDV involves the transcription of genomic RNA, probably by the host RNA polymerase II, by a rolling circle mechanism followed by self-cleavage and self-ligation. Editing of antigenomic RNA, possibly involving the enzyme adenosine deaminase, generates two functionally distinct forms of delta antigen. The molecular basis for HDV pathogenicity remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Monjardino
- Division of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK
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