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Kumar A, Singh A, Sharma VK, Goel A, Kumar A. The upsurge of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases in biomass deconstruction: characteristic functions and sustainable applications. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38291603 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are one of the emerging classes of copper metalloenzymes that have received considerable attention due to their ability to boost the enzymatic conversion of intractable polysaccharides such as plant cell walls and chitin polymers. LPMOs catalyze the oxidative cleavage of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds using molecular O2 or H2 O2 in the presence of an external electron donor. LPMOs have been classified as an auxiliary active (AA) class of enzymes and, further based on substrate specificity, divided into eight families. Until now, multiple LPMOs from AA9 and AA10 families, mostly from microbial sources, have been investigated; the exact mechanism and structure-function are elusive to date, and recently discovered AA families of LPMOs are just scratched. This review highlights the origin and discovery of the enzyme, nomenclature, three-dimensional protein structure, substrate specificity, copper-dependent reaction mechanism, and different techniques used to determine the product formation through analytical and biochemical methods. Moreover, the diverse functions of proteins in various biological activities such as plant-pathogen/pest interactions, cell wall remodeling, antibiotic sensitivity of biofilms, and production of nanocellulose along with certain obstacles in deconstructing the complex polysaccharides have also been summarized, while highlighting the innovative and creative ways to overcome the limitations of LPMOs in hydrolyzing the biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheesh Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aishwarya Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Akshita Goel
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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Vandhana TM, Reyre JL, Sushmaa D, Berrin JG, Bissaro B, Madhuprakash J. On the expansion of biological functions of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2380-2396. [PMID: 34918344 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) constitute an enigmatic class of enzymes, the discovery of which has opened up a new arena of riveting research. LPMOs can oxidatively cleave the glycosidic bonds found in carbohydrate polymers enabling the depolymerisation of recalcitrant biomasses, such as cellulose or chitin. While most studies have so far mainly explored the role of LPMOs in a (plant) biomass conversion context, alternative roles and paradigms begin to emerge. In the present review, we propose a historical perspective of LPMO research providing a succinct overview of the major achievements of LPMO research over the past decade. This journey through LPMOs landscape leads us to dive into the emerging biological functions of LPMOs and LPMO-like proteins. We notably highlight roles in fungal and oomycete plant pathogenesis (e.g. potato late blight), but also in mutualistic/commensalism symbiosis (e.g. ectomycorrhizae). We further present the potential importance of LPMOs in other microbial pathogenesis including diseases caused by bacteria (e.g. pneumonia), fungi (e.g. human meningitis), oomycetes and viruses (e.g. entomopox), as well as in (micro)organism development (including several plant pests). Our assessment of the literature leads to the formulation of outstanding questions, promising for the coming years exciting research and discoveries on these moonlighting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theruvothu Madathil Vandhana
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jean-Lou Reyre
- INRAE, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852, Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - Dangudubiyyam Sushmaa
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- INRAE, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix Marseille University, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Jogi Madhuprakash
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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3
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Cann I, Pereira GV, Abdel-Hamid AM, Kim H, Wefers D, Kayang BB, Kanai T, Sato T, Bernardi RC, Atomi H, Mackie RI. Thermophilic Degradation of Hemicellulose, a Critical Feedstock in the Production of Bioenergy and Other Value-Added Products. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02296-19. [PMID: 31980431 PMCID: PMC7082577 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02296-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewable fuels have gained importance as the world moves toward diversifying its energy portfolio. A critical step in the biomass-to-bioenergy initiative is deconstruction of plant cell wall polysaccharides to their unit sugars for subsequent fermentation to fuels. To acquire carbon and energy for their metabolic processes, diverse microorganisms have evolved genes encoding enzymes that depolymerize polysaccharides to their carbon/energy-rich building blocks. The microbial enzymes mostly target the energy present in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, three major forms of energy storage in plants. In the effort to develop bioenergy as an alternative to fossil fuel, a common strategy is to harness microbial enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose for fermentation to fuels. However, the conversion of plant biomass to renewable fuels will require both cellulose and hemicellulose, the two largest components of the plant cell wall, as feedstock to improve economic feasibility. Here, we explore the enzymes and strategies evolved by two well-studied bacteria to depolymerize the hemicelluloses xylan/arabinoxylan and mannan. The sets of enzymes, in addition to their applications in biofuels and value-added chemical production, have utility in animal feed enzymes, a rapidly developing industry with potential to minimize adverse impacts of animal agriculture on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Cann
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gabriel V Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Hamid
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Heejin Kim
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Wefers
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Boniface B Kayang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Tamotsu Kanai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
- JST, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rafael C Bernardi
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Haruyuki Atomi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
- JST, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roderick I Mackie
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Characterizing a Halo-Tolerant GH10 Xylanase from Roseithermus sacchariphilus Strain RA and Its CBM-Truncated Variant. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092284. [PMID: 31075847 PMCID: PMC6539836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A halo-thermophilic bacterium, Roseithermus sacchariphilus strain RA (previously known as Rhodothermaceae bacterium RA), was isolated from a hot spring in Langkawi, Malaysia. A complete genome analysis showed that the bacterium harbors 57 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), including a multi-domain xylanase (XynRA2). The full-length XynRA2 of 813 amino acids comprises a family 4_9 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM4_9), a family 10 glycoside hydrolase catalytic domain (GH10), and a C-terminal domain (CTD) for type IX secretion system (T9SS). This study aims to describe the biochemical properties of XynRA2 and the effects of CBM truncation on this xylanase. XynRA2 and its CBM-truncated variant (XynRA2ΔCBM) was expressed, purified, and characterized. The purified XynRA2 and XynRA2ΔCBM had an identical optimum temperature at 70 °C, but different optimum pHs of 8.5 and 6.0 respectively. Furthermore, XynRA2 retained 94% and 71% of activity at 4.0 M and 5.0 M NaCl respectively, whereas XynRA2ΔCBM showed a lower activity (79% and 54%). XynRA2 exhibited a turnover rate (kcat) of 24.8 s−1, but this was reduced by 40% for XynRA2ΔCBM. Both the xylanases hydrolyzed beechwood xylan predominantly into xylobiose, and oat-spelt xylan into a mixture of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOs). Collectively, this work suggested CBM4_9 of XynRA2 has a role in enzyme performance.
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Improvement of the catalytic characteristics of a salt-tolerant GH10 xylanase from Streptomyce rochei L10904. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1447-1455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kolinko S, Wu YW, Tachea F, Denzel E, Hiras J, Gabriel R, Bäcker N, Chan LJG, Eichorst SA, Frey D, Chen Q, Azadi P, Adams PD, Pray TR, Tanjore D, Petzold CJ, Gladden JM, Simmons BA, Singer SW. A bacterial pioneer produces cellulase complexes that persist through community succession. Nat Microbiol 2017; 3:99-107. [PMID: 29109478 PMCID: PMC6794216 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cultivation of microbial consortia provides low-complexity communities that can serve as tractable models to understand community dynamics. Time-resolved metagenomics demonstrated that an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost exhibited community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession. The genome of the proposed pioneer population, ‘Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans’, possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the ‘Ca. Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans’ multidomain GHs assembled into cellulase complexes through glycosylation. These remarkably stable complexes have supramolecular structures for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis that are distinct from cellulosomes. The persistence of these complexes during cultivation indicates that they may be active through multiple cultivations of this consortium and act as public goods that sustain the community. The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. Cultivation of a cellulolytic consortium reveals successional community dynamics and the presence of multidomain glycoside hydrolases assembled into stable complexes distinct from cellulosomes, which are produced by a potential pioneer population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kolinko
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Wei Wu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Firehiwot Tachea
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn Denzel
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hiras
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Gabriel
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nora Bäcker
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Leanne Jade G Chan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Eichorst
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research network "Chemistry meets Microbiology", University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dario Frey
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Qiushi Chen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Paul D Adams
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Todd R Pray
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Deepti Tanjore
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John M Gladden
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steven W Singer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA. .,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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7
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Chakravorty D, Khan MF, Patra S. Multifactorial level of extremostability of proteins: can they be exploited for protein engineering? Extremophiles 2017; 21:419-444. [PMID: 28283770 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Research on extremostable proteins has seen immense growth in the past decade owing to their industrial importance. Basic research of attributes related to extreme-stability requires further exploration. Modern mechanistic approaches to engineer such proteins in vitro will have more impact in industrial biotechnology economy. Developing a priori knowledge about the mechanism behind extreme-stability will nurture better understanding of pathways leading to protein molecular evolution and folding. This review is a vivid compilation about all classes of extremostable proteins and the attributes that lead to myriad of adaptations divulged after an extensive study of 6495 articles belonging to extremostable proteins. Along with detailing on the rationale behind extreme-stability of proteins, emphasis has been put on modern approaches that have been utilized to render proteins extremostable by protein engineering. It was understood that each protein shows different approaches to extreme-stability governed by minute differences in their biophysical properties and the milieu in which they exist. Any general rule has not yet been drawn regarding adaptive mechanisms in extreme environments. This review was further instrumental to understand the drawback of the available 14 stabilizing mutation prediction algorithms. Thus, this review lays the foundation to further explore the biophysical pleiotropy of extreme-stable proteins to deduce a global prediction model for predicting the effect of mutations on protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debamitra Chakravorty
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohd Faheem Khan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sanjukta Patra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Kim DR, Lim HK, Lee KI, Hwang IT. Identification of a novel cellulose-binding domain within the endo -β-1,4-xylanase KRICT PX-3 from Paenibacillus terrae HPL-003. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:166-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Patel AB, Patel AK, Shah MP, Parikh IK, Joshi CG. Isolation and characterization of novel multifunctional recombinant family 26 glycoside hydrolase from Mehsani buffalo rumen metagenome. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 63:257-65. [PMID: 25644118 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rumen microbiota harbor a diverse set of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), which play a crucial role in the degradation of a complex plant polysaccharide thereby providing metabolic energy to the host animals. Earlier, we reported CAZYme analysis from the buffalo rumen metagenome by high throughput shotgun sequencing. Among the various CAZymes, glycoside hydrolase family 26 (GH26) enzymes have a number of industrial applications including in paper, oil, biofuel, food, feed, pharmaceutical, coffee, and detergent industries. Here, we report isolation and characterization of GH26 enzyme from the buffalo rumen metagenome. A novel GH26 gene composed of 1,119 base pairs was successfully amplified using the gene-specific primers inferred based on the contig generated from metagenome sequence assembly and cloned in a pET32a (+) expression vector as an N-terminal histidine tag fusion protein. A novel GH26 protein from an unknown rumen microorganism shared a maximum of 68% identity with the Prevotella ruminicola 23 encoded carbohydrate esterase family 7 and 46% with Bacteroides sp. 2_1_33B encoded mannan endo-1, 4-β-mannosidase. The recombinant GH26-histidine tag fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme displayed multifunctional activities against various carbohydrate substrates including locust bean gum, beechwood xylan, pectin, and carboxymethyl cellulose suggesting mannanase, xylanase, pectin esterase, and endoglucanase activities, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani B Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Amrutlal K Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Mihir P Shah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Ishan K Parikh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
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10
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Studies on properties of the xylan-binding domain and linker sequence of xylanase XynG1-1 from Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:1591-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Xylanase XynG1-1 from Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1 consists of a catalytic domain (CD), a family 6_36 carbohydrate-binding module which is a xylan-binding domain (XBD), and a linker sequence (LS) between them. The structure of XynG1-3 from Bacillus pumilus G1-3 consists only of a CD. To investigate the functions and properties of the XBD and LS of XynG1-1, two truncated forms (XynG1-1CDL, XynG1-1CD) and three fusion derivatives (XynG1-3CDL, XynG1-3CDX and XynG1-3CDLX) were constructed and biochemically characterized. The optimum conditions for the catalytic activity of mutants of XynG1-1 and XynG1-3 were 60 °C and pH 7.0, and 55 °C and pH 8.0, respectively, the same as for the corresponding wild-type enzymes. XynGs with an XBD were stable over a broad temperature (30–80 °C) and pH range (4.0–11.0), respectively, on incubation for 3 h. Kinetic parameters (K m, k cat, k cat/K m) of XynGs were determined with soluble birchwood xylan and insoluble oat spelt xylan as substrates. XynGs with the XBD showed better affinities toward, and more efficient catalysis of hydrolysis of the insoluble substrate. The XBD had positive effects on thermostability and pH stability and a crucial function in the ability of the enzyme to bind and hydrolyze insoluble substrate. The LS had little effect on the overall stability of the xylanase and no relationship with affinities for soluble and insoluble substrates or catalytic efficiency.
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11
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Liu MQ, Huo WK, Xu X, Jin DF. An immobilized bifunctional xylanase on carbon-coated chitosan nanoparticles with a potential application in xylan-rich biomass bioconversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Huang X, Li Z, Du C, Wang J, Li S. Improved Expression and Characterization of a Multidomain Xylanase from Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27 in Bacillus subtilis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6430-9. [PMID: 26132889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A xylanase gene was cloned and characterized from Thermoanerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27, which was attested to consist of a signal peptide, one glycoside hydrolase family 10 domain, four carbohydrate binding modules, and three surface layer homology domains. The change of expression host from Escherichia coli to Bacillus subtilis resulted in a 4.1-fold increase of specific activity for the truncated XynAΔSLH. Five different versions of secretion signals in B. subtilis indicated that it was preferably routed via a Sec-dependent pathway. Purified XynAΔSLH showed a high activity of 379.8 U/mg on beechwood xylan. XynAΔSLH was optimally active at 80 °C, pH 6.5. Thin layer chromatography results showed that xylobiose and the presumed methylglucuronoxylotriose (MeGlcAXyl3) were the main products liberated from beechwood xylan catalyzed by the recombinant xylanase. All of the results suggest that XynAΔSLH is a suitable candidate for generating xylooligosaccharides from cellulosic materials for industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongliang Huang
- †Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Li
- †Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Du
- §School of Applied Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Jufang Wang
- †Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- †Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Cobucci-Ponzano B, Strazzulli A, Iacono R, Masturzo G, Giglio R, Rossi M, Moracci M. Novel thermophilic hemicellulases for the conversion of lignocellulose for second generation biorefineries. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015. [PMID: 26215346 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The biotransformation of lignocellulose biomasses into fermentable sugars is a very complex procedure including, as one of the most critical steps, the (hemi) cellulose hydrolysis by specific enzymatic cocktails. We explored here, the potential of stable glycoside hydrolases from thermophilic organisms, so far not used in commercial enzymatic preparations, for the conversion of glucuronoxylan, the major hemicellulose of several energy crops. Searches in the genomes of thermophilic bacteria led to the identification, efficient production, and detailed characterization of novel xylanase and α-glucuronidase from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (GH10-XA and GH67-GA, respectively) and a α-glucuronidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus (GH67-GC). Remarkably, GH10-XA, if compared to other thermophilic xylanases from this family, coupled good specificity on beechwood xylan and the best stability at 65 °C (3.5 days). In addition, GH67-GC was the most stable α-glucuronidases from this family and the first able to hydrolyse both aldouronic acid and aryl-α-glucuronic acid substrates. These enzymes, led to the very efficient hydrolysis of beechwood xylan by using 7- to 9-fold less protein (concentrations <0.3 μM) and in much less reaction time (2h vs 12h) if compared to other known biotransformations catalyzed by thermophilic enzymes. In addition, remarkably, together with a thermophilic β-xylosidase, they catalyzed the production of xylose from the smart cooking pre-treated biomass of one of the most promising energy crops for second generation biorefineries. We demonstrated that search by the CAZy Data Bank of currently available genomes and detailed enzymatic characterization of recombinant enzymes allow the identification of glycoside hydrolases with novel and interesting properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Cobucci-Ponzano
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Andrea Strazzulli
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberta Iacono
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Masturzo
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosa Giglio
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mosè Rossi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Moracci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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14
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Chen CC, Ko TP, Huang JW, Guo RT. Heat- and Alkaline-Stable Xylanases: Application, Protein Structure and Engineering. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201400035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Distinct roles for carbohydrate-binding modules of glycoside hydrolase 10 (GH10) and GH11 xylanases from Caldicellulosiruptor sp. strain F32 in thermostability and catalytic efficiency. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2006-14. [PMID: 25576604 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03677-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are crucial for lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction and generally contain noncatalytic carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) accessing recalcitrant polymers. Understanding how multimodular enzymes assemble can benefit protein engineering by aiming at accommodating various environmental conditions. Two multimodular xylanases, XynA and XynB, which belong to glycoside hydrolase families 11 (GH11) and GH10, respectively, have been identified from Caldicellulosiruptor sp. strain F32. In this study, both xylanases and their truncated mutants were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. GH11 XynATM1 lacking CBM exhibited a considerable improvement in specific activity (215.8 U nmol(-1) versus 94.7 U nmol(-1)) and thermal stability (half-life of 48 h versus 5.5 h at 75°C) compared with those of XynA. However, GH10 XynB showed higher enzyme activity and thermostability than its truncated mutant without CBM. Site-directed mutagenesis of N-terminal amino acids resulted in a mutant, XynATM1-M, with 50% residual activity improvement at 75°C for 48 h, revealing that the disordered region influenced protein thermostability negatively. The thermal stability of both xylanases and their truncated mutants were consistent with their melting temperature (Tm), which was determined by using differential scanning calorimetry. Through homology modeling and cross-linking analysis, we demonstrated that for XynB, the resistance against thermoinactivation generally was enhanced through improving both domain properties and interdomain interactions, whereas for XynA, no interdomain interactions were observed. Optimized intramolecular interactions can accelerate thermostability, which provided microbes a powerful evolutionary strategy to assemble catalysts that are adapted to various ecological conditions.
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16
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Gene cloning, expression and characterization of a novel xylanase from the marine bacterium, Glaciecola mesophila KMM241. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1173-87. [PMID: 23567318 PMCID: PMC3705397 DOI: 10.3390/md11041173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine xylanases are rather less studied compared to terrestrial xylanases. In this study, a new xylanase gene, xynB, was cloned from the marine bacterium, Glaciecola mesophila KMM241, and expressed in Escherichia coli. xynB encodes a multi-domain xylanase XynB of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 8. The recombinant XynB comprises an N-terminal domain (NTD) with unknown function and a catalytic domain, which is structurally novel among the characterized xylanases of GH family 8. XynB has the highest identity (38%) to rXyn8 among the characterized xylanases. The recombinant XynB showed maximal activity at pH 6–7 and 35 °C. It is thermolabile and salt-tolerant. XynB is an endo-xylanase that demands at least five sugar moieties for effective cleavage and to hydrolyze xylohexaose and xylopentaose into xylotetraose, xylotriose and xylobiose. NTD was expressed in Escherichia coli to analyze its function. The recombinant NTD exhibited a high binding ability to insoluble xylan and avicel and little binding ability to chitosan and chitin. Since the NTD shows no obvious homology to any known carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) sequence in public databases, XynB may contain a new type of CBM.
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17
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Liu MQ, Dai XJ, Liu GF, Wang Q. Obtaining cellulose binding and hydrolyzing activity of a family 11 hybrid xylanase by fusion with xylan binding domain. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 88:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Guo G, Liu Z, Xu J, Liu J, Dai X, Xie D, Peng K, Feng X, Duan S, Zheng K, Cheng L, Fu Y. Purification and characterization of a xylanase from Bacillus subtilis isolated from the degumming line. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 52:419-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Novel family of carbohydrate-binding modules revealed by the genome sequence of Spirochaeta thermophila DSM 6192. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:5483-9. [PMID: 21685171 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00523-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirochaeta thermophila is a thermophilic, free-living, and cellulolytic anaerobe. The genome sequence data for this organism have revealed a high density of genes encoding enzymes from more than 30 glycoside hydrolase (GH) families and a noncellulosomal enzyme system for (hemi)cellulose degradation. Functional screening of a fosmid library whose inserts were mapped on the S. thermophila genome sequence allowed the functional annotation of numerous GH open reading frames (ORFs). Seven different GH ORFs from the S. thermophila DSM 6192 genome, all putative β-glycanase ORFs according to sequence similarity analysis, contained a highly conserved novel GH-associated module of unknown function at their C terminus. Four of these GH enzymes were experimentally verified as xylanase, β-glucanase, β-glucanase/carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), and CMCase. Binding experiments performed with the recombinantly expressed and purified GH-associated module showed that it represents a new carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) that binds to microcrystalline cellulose and is highly specific for this substrate. In the course of this work, the new CBM type was only detected in Spirochaeta, but recently we found sequences with detectable similarity to the module in the draft genomes of Cytophaga fermentans and Mahella australiensis, both of which are phylogenetically very distant from S. thermophila and noncellulolytic, yet inhabit similar environments. This suggests a possibly broad distribution of the module in nature.
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20
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The secondary substrate binding site of the Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis GH8 xylanase is relevant for activity on insoluble but not soluble substrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:539-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Characterization of Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 Xyn10D, a xylanase that contains a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4260-3. [PMID: 21498754 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00226-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 Xyn10D is a xylanase containing a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3). Biochemical analyses using recombinant proteins derived from Xyn10D suggested that the CBM3 polypeptide has an affinity for cellulose and xylan and that CBM3 in Xyn10D is important for hydrolysis of insoluble arabinoxylan and natural biomass.
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22
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Weng XY, Sun JY. Hydrolysis of xylans by a thermostable hybrid xylanase expressed in Escherichia coli. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368381005008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Novel glycoside hydrolases identified by screening a Chinese Holstein dairy cow rumen-derived metagenome library. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:6701-5. [PMID: 20709844 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00361-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One clone encoding glycoside hydrolases was identified through functional screening of a rumen bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. Of the 68 open reading frames (ORFs) predicted, one ORF encodes a novel endo-β-1,4-xylanase with two catalytic domains of family GH43 and two cellulose-binding modules (CBMs) of family IV. Partial characterization showed that this endo-xylanase has a greater specific activity than a number of other xylanases over a wide temperature range at neutral pH and could be useful in some industrial applications.
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24
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Yeoman CJ, Han Y, Dodd D, Schroeder CM, Mackie RI, Cann IKO. Thermostable enzymes as biocatalysts in the biofuel industry. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2010; 70:1-55. [PMID: 20359453 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(10)70001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate source in nature and represents an ideal renewable energy source. Thermostable enzymes that hydrolyze lignocellulose to its component sugars have significant advantages for improving the conversion rate of biomass over their mesophilic counterparts. We review here the recent literature on the development and use of thermostable enzymes for the depolymerization of lignocellulosic feedstocks for biofuel production. Furthermore, we discuss the protein structure, mechanisms of thermostability, and specific strategies that can be used to improve the thermal stability of lignocellulosic biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Yeoman
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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25
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Mamo G, Delgado O, Martinez A, Mattiasson B, Hatti-Kaul R. Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of a gene encoding an endoxylanase from Bacillus halodurans S7. Mol Biotechnol 2010; 33:149-59. [PMID: 16757802 DOI: 10.1385/mb:33:2:149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding an alkaline active xylanase of Bacillus halodurans S7, containing an open reading frame of 1188 nucleotides encoding 396 amino acids, was cloned and expressed in Escherchia coli. On the basis of sequence similarity, possible -10 and -35, ribosome binding, and transcription terminator regions were identified. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that the protein was a single domain enzyme belonging to family 10 and designated as xyn10A. The calculated molecular mass and isoelectric point (pI) of the mature peptide were 42.6 and 4.5 kDa, respectively. Xylanase activity expressed by the recombinant organism was detected in the cytoplasm, periplasm and the extracellular medium. In an 18-h old culture, about 39% of the xylanase was detected in the medium. The stability and activity profile of the recombinant xylanase was similar to the properties of the enzyme produced by the wild-type organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Mamo
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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26
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Verjans P, Dornez E, Segers M, Van Campenhout S, Bernaerts K, Beliën T, Delcour JA, Courtin CM. Truncated derivatives of a multidomain thermophilic glycosyl hydrolase family 10 xylanase from Thermotoga maritima reveal structure related activity profiles and substrate hydrolysis patterns. J Biotechnol 2010; 145:160-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Wang J, Zhang WW, Liu JN, Cao YL, Bai XT, Gong YS, Cen PL, Yang MM. An alkali-tolerant xylanase produced by the newly isolated alkaliphilic Bacillus pumilus from paper mill effluent. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:3297-302. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Sunna A. Modular organisation and functional analysis of dissected modular β-mannanase CsMan26 from Caldicellulosiruptor Rt8B.4. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:189-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Li N, Shi P, Yang P, Wang Y, Luo H, Bai Y, Zhou Z, Yao B. A xylanase with high pH stability from Streptomyces sp. S27 and its carbohydrate-binding module with/without linker-region-truncated versions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:99-107. [PMID: 19107475 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Jeya M, Thiagarajan S, Lee JK, Gunasekaran P. Identification of new GH 10 and GH 11 xylanase genes from Aspergillus versicolor MKU3 by genome-walking PCR. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Helianti I, Nurhayati N, Wahyuntari B. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a β-1,4-endoxylanase gene from Indonesian Bacillus licheniformis strain I5 in Escherichia coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Expression of recombinant Thermomonospora fusca xylanase A in Pichia pastoris and xylooligosaccharides released from xylans by it. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Wu S, Liu B, Zhang X. Characterization of a recombinant thermostable xylanase from deep-sea thermophilic Geobacillus sp. MT-1 in East Pacific. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:1210-6. [PMID: 16607523 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel xylanase-producing thermophilic strain MT-1 was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal field in east Pacific. A xylanase gene encoding 331 amino-acid peptide from this isolate was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant xylanase exhibited maximum activity at 70 degrees C and had an optimum pH of 7.0. It was active up to 90 degrees C and showed activity over a wide pH ranging from 5.5 to 10.0. The crude xylanase presented similar properties in temperature and pH to those of the recombinant xylanase. The recombinant xylanase was stable in 1 mM of enzyme inhibitors (PMSF, EDTA, 2-ME or DTT) and in 0.1% detergents (Tween 20, Chaps or Triton X-100), whereas, it was strongly inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (1 mM). In addition, its catalytic function was stable in the presence of Li(+), Na(+) or K(+). However, it was strongly inhibited by Ni(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Al(3+) (1 or 0.1 mM). The K (m) and V (max) of the recombinant xylanase for oat spelt xylan were calculated to be 1.579 mg/ml and 289 micromol/(min x mg), respectively. Our study, therefore, presented a rapid overexpression and purification of xylanase from deep-sea thermophile aimed at improving the enzyme yield for industrial applications and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suijie Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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34
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Kleine J, Liebl W. Comparative characterization of deletion derivatives of the modular xylanase XynA of Thermotoga maritima. Extremophiles 2006; 10:373-81. [PMID: 16550304 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-006-0509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The modular Xylanase XynA from Thermotoga maritima consists of five domains (A1-A2-B-C1-C2). Two similar N-terminal domains (A1-A2-) are family 22 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), followed by the catalytic domain (-B-) belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 10, and the C-terminal domains (-C1-C2), which are members of family 9 of CBMs. The gradual deletion of the non-catalytic domains resulted in deletion derivatives (XynADeltaC; XynADeltaA1C and XynADeltaNC) with increased maximum activities (V (max)) at 75 degrees C, pH 6.2. Furthermore, these deletions led to a shift of the optimal NaCl concentration for xylan hydrolysis from 0.25 (XynA) to 0.5 M (XynADeltaNC). In the presence of the family 22 CBMs, the catalytic domain retained more activity in the acidic range of the pH spectrum than without these domains. In addition to the deletion derivatives of XynA, the N-terminal domains A1 and A2 were produced recombinantly, purified, and investigated in binding studies. For soluble xylan preparations, linear beta-1,4-glucans and mixed-linkage beta-1,3-1,4-glucans, only the A2 domain mediated binding, not the A1 domain, in accordance with previous observations. The XynA deletion enzymes lacking the C domains displayed low affinity also to hydroxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose. With insoluble oat spelt xylan and birchwood xylan as the binding substrates, the highest affinity was observed with XynADeltaC and the lowest affinity with XynADeltaNC. Although the domain A1 did not bind to soluble xylan preparations, the insoluble oat spelt xylan-binding data suggest that this domain does play a role in substrate binding in that it improves the binding to insoluble xylans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kleine
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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35
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Dias FM, Goyal A, Gilbert HJ, Prates JA, Ferreira LM, Fontes CM. The N-terminal family 22 carbohydrate-binding module of xylanase 10B of Clostridium themocellumis not a thermostabilizing domain. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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36
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Ito Y, Tomita T, Roy N, Nakano A, Sugawara-Tomita N, Watanabe S, Okai N, Abe N, Kamio Y. Cloning, expression, and cell surface localization of Paenibacillus sp. strain W-61 xylanase 5, a multidomain xylanase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 69:6969-78. [PMID: 14660338 PMCID: PMC310030 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.12.6969-6978.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that a xylan-degrading bacterium, W-61, excretes multiple xylanases, including xylanase 5 with a molecular mass of 140 kDa. Here, we emend the previously used classification of the bacterium (i.e., Aeromonas caviae W-61) to Paenibacillus sp. strain W-61 on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, and we clone and express the xyn5 gene encoding xylanase 5 (Xyn5) in Escherichia coli and study the subcellular localization of Xyn5. xyn5 encodes 1,326 amino acid residues, including a 27-amino-acid signal sequence. Sequence analysis indicated that Xyn5 comprises two family 22 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM), a family 10 catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolases, a family 9 CBM, a domain similar to the lysine-rich region of Clostridium thermocellum SdbA, and three S-layer-homologous (SLH) domains. Recombinant Xyn5 bound to a crystalline cellulose, Avicel PH-101, while an N-terminal 90-kDa fragment of Xyn5, which lacks the C-terminal half of the family 9 CBM, did not bind to Avicel PH-101. Xyn5 was cell bound, and the cell-bound protein was digested by exogenous trypsin to produce immunoreactive and xylanolytic fragments with molecular masses of 80 and 60 kDa. Xyn5 was exclusively distributed in the cell envelope fraction consisting of a peptidoglycan-containing layer and an associated S layer. Thus, Paenibacillus sp. strain W-61 Xyn5 is a cell surface-anchored modular xylanase possessing a functional cellulose-binding module and SLH domains. Possible cooperative action of multiple xylanases produced by strain W-61 is discussed on the basis of the modular structure of Xyn5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ito
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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37
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Shin ES, Yang MJ, Jung KH, Kwon EJ, Jung JS, Park SK, Kim J, Yun HD, Kim H. Influence of the transposition of the thermostabilizing domain of Clostridium thermocellum xylanase (XynX) on xylan binding and thermostabilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:3496-501. [PMID: 12089033 PMCID: PMC126775 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.7.3496-3501.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A xylanase gene, xynX, of Clostridium thermocellum had one thermostabilizing domain (TSD) between the signal peptide sequence and the catalytic domain (CD). The TSD of a truncated xylanase gene, xynX'(TSD-CD), was transpositioned from the N terminus to the C terminus of the CD by overlapping PCRs, and a modified product, xynX'(CD-TSD), was constructed. XynX'(TSD-CD) had a higher optimum temperature (70 degrees C versus 65 degrees C) and was more thermostable (residual activity of 68% versus 46% after a 20-min preincubation at 70 degrees C) than the one without the TSD, XynX'(CD). However, the domain-transpositioned enzyme, XynX'(CD-TSD), showed a lower optimum temperature (30 degrees C) and thermostability (20%) than XynX'(CD). Both XynX'(TSD-CD) and XynX'(CD-TSD) showed significantly higher binding capacity toward xylan than XynX'(CD), and the domain transposition did not cause any change in the binding ability. XynX'(TSD-CD) and XynX'(CD-TSD) also showed considerable binding to lichenan but not to carboxymethyl cellulose and laminarin. XynX'(TSD-CD) and XynX'(CD-TSD) had higher activities for insoluble xylan than XynX'(CD), while XynX'(CD) was more active against soluble xylan than XynX'(TSD-CD) and XynX'(CD-TSD). These results indicate that the TSD of XynX has dual functions, xylan binding and thermostabilization, and the domain should also be classified as a xylan-binding domain (XBD). The binding capacity of the XBD was not affected by domain transpositioning within the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea
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