1
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Novel biosynthesis of tellurium nanoparticles and investigation of their activity against common pathogenic bacteria. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 18:400-412. [PMID: 37102074 PMCID: PMC10124139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tellurium has received substantial attention for its remarkable properties. This study performed in vitro and in vivo testing of the antibacterial action of tellurium nanoparticles biosynthesized in actinomycetes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a common blood bacterial pathogen. Methods Nine actinomycete isolates were tested for their potential to reduce potassium tellurite (K2TeO3) and form tellurium nanoparticles (TeNPs). The most efficient actinomycete isolate in producing Tellerium nanoparticles was identified through molecular protocols. The generated TeNPs were characterized using UV, TEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR. The bacterial species implicated in bloodstream infections were detected at El Hussein Hospital. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using Vitek 2. An animal infection model was used to test the efficacy of the produced TeNPs against the most commonly isolated methicillin-resistant S. aureus using survival assays, colony counting, cytokine assessment and biochemical testing. Results The most efficient actinomycete isolate was identified as Streptomyces graminisoli and given the accession number (OL773539). The mean particle size of the produced TeNPs was 21.4 nm, and rods and rosette forms were observed. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was the main bacterium (60%) causing blood stream infections, and was followed by Escherichia coli (25%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%). The produced TeNPs were tested against MRSA, the bacterium most frequently isolated from blood, and showed a promising action inhibition zone of 24 ± 0.7 mm and an MIC of 50 μg/ml. An animal infection model indicated the promise of TeNPs alone or in combination with standard drugs to combat MRSA in a rat intravenous infection model. Conclusion TeNPs combined with vancomycin have successive impact to combat bacteremia for further verification of results.
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Kessi J, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. Tellurite and Selenite: how can these two oxyanions be chemically different yet so similar in the way they are transformed to their metal forms by bacteria? Biol Res 2022; 55:17. [PMID: 35382884 PMCID: PMC8981825 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This opinion review explores the microbiology of tellurite, TeO32- and selenite, SeO32- oxyanions, two similar Group 16 chalcogen elements, but with slightly different physicochemical properties that lead to intriguing biological differences. Selenium, Se, is a required trace element compared to tellurium, Te, which is not. Here, the challenges around understanding the uptake transport mechanisms of these anions, as reflected in the model organisms used by different groups, are described. This leads to a discussion around how these oxyanions are subsequently reduced to nanomaterials, which mechanistically, has controversies between ideas around the molecule chemistry, chemical reactions involving reduced glutathione and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production along with the bioenergetics at the membrane versus the cytoplasm. Of particular interest is the linkage of glutathione and thioredoxin chemistry from the cytoplasm through the membrane electron transport chain (ETC) system/quinones to the periplasm. Throughout the opinion review we identify open and unanswered questions about the microbial physiology under selenite and tellurite exposure. Thus, demonstrating how far we have come, yet the exciting research directions that are still possible. The review is written in a conversational manner from three long-term researchers in the field, through which to play homage to the late Professor Claudio Vásquez.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Kessi
- Until 2018 - Dept of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raymond J. Turner
- Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Dept of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Vieto S, Rojas-Gätjens D, Jiménez JI, Chavarría M. The potential of Pseudomonas for bioremediation of oxyanions. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:773-789. [PMID: 34369104 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-metal, metal and metalloid oxyanions occur naturally in minerals and rocks of the Earth's crust and are mostly found in low concentrations or confined in specific regions of the planet. However, anthropogenic activities including urban development, mining, agriculture, industrial activities and new technologies have increased the release of oxyanions to the environment, which threatens the sustainability of natural ecosystems, in turn affecting human development. For these reasons, the implementation of new methods that could allow not only the remediation of oxyanion contaminants but also the recovery of valuable elements from oxyanions of the environment is imperative. From this perspective, the use of microorganisms emerges as a strategy complementary to physical, mechanical and chemical methods. In this review, we discuss the opportunities that the Pseudomonas genus offers for the bioremediation of oxyanions, which is derived from its specialized central metabolism and the high number of oxidoreductases present in the genomes of these bacteria. Finally, we review the current knowledge on the transport and metabolism of specific oxyanions in Pseudomonas species. We consider that the Pseudomonas genus is an excellent starting point for the development of biotechnological approaches for the upcycling of oxyanions into added-value metal and metalloid byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Vieto
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Diego Rojas-Gätjens
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - José I Jiménez
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
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Montenegro R, Vieto S, Wicki-Emmenegger D, Vásquez-Castro F, Coronado-Ruiz C, Fuentes-Schweizer P, Calderón P, Pereira R, Chavarría M. The putative phosphate transporter PitB (PP1373) is involved in tellurite uptake in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Microbiology (Reading) 2021; 167. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tellurium oxyanions are chemical species of great toxicity and their presence in the environment has increased because of mining industries and photovoltaic and electronic waste. Recovery strategies for this metalloid that are based on micro-organisms are of interest, but further studies of the transport systems and enzymes responsible for implementing tellurium transformations are required because many mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated the involvement in tellurite uptake of the putative phosphate transporter PitB (PP1373) in soil bacterium
Pseudomonas putida
KT2440. For this purpose, through a method based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated a strain deficient in the pitB gene and characterized its phenotype on exposing it to varied concentrations of tellurite. Growth curves and transmission electronic microscopy experiments for the wild-type and ΔpitB strains showed that both were able to internalize tellurite into the cytoplasm and reduce the oxyanion to black nano-sized and rod-shaped tellurium particles, although the ΔpitB strain showed an increased resistance to the tellurite toxic effects. At a concentration of 100 μM tellurite, where the biomass formation of the wild-type strain decreased by half, we observed a greater ability of ΔpitB to reduce this oxyanion with respect to the wild-type strain (~38 vs ~16 %), which is related to the greater biomass production of ΔpitB and not to a greater consumption of tellurite per cell. The phenotype of the mutant was restored on over-expressing pitB in trans. In summary, our results indicate that PitB is one of several transporters responsible for tellurite uptake in
P. putida
KT2440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Montenegro
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Sofía Vieto
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniela Wicki-Emmenegger
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Felipe Vásquez-Castro
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Coronado-Ruiz
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Paola Fuentes-Schweizer
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Paula Calderón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Estructuras Microscópicas (CIEMIC), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Reinaldo Pereira
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología (LANOTEC), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200 San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
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Tanaka YK, Takada S, Kumagai K, Kobayashi K, Hokura A, Ogra Y. Elucidation of tellurium biogenic nanoparticles in garlic, Allium sativum, by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126628. [PMID: 32739829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosynthesis of Te nanoparticles may occur in higher plants exposed to Te, as reported on microorganisms. However, unambiguous observations of the biogenic nanoparticles (BgNPs) of Te in plants are lacking. Hence, in this study, we investigated the formation of insoluble BgNPs of Te in garlic (Allium sativum) as a model plant. METHOD We performed elemental analysis based on inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique, and obtained Te concentration and distribution in various parts of garlic. In addition, insoluble Te particles were detected by fast time-resolved ICP-MS. Direct observation of the insoluble Te particle was also conducted by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS A part of the roots and clove from Te-exposed garlic showed black coloration. Te concentrations in the black-colored parts were significantly increased compared with the non-colored parts. Transient signals of Te unique to nanoparticles were detected from the insoluble fractions of the black-colored parts. Finally, rod-shaped biogenic Te nanoparticles consisting of highly crystalline elemental Te was observed by SEM and TEM. CONCLUSION Our data provide new insights to the metabolic pathway of Te in higher plants for the formation of insoluble biogenic nanoparticles, which is extremely important for the detoxification of Te.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shohei Takada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kumagai
- Surface and Nano Analysis Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Keita Kobayashi
- Surface and Nano Analysis Research Group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Akiko Hokura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju-Asahi-cho, Adachi, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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Borghese R, Malferrari M, Brucale M, Ortolani L, Franchini M, Rapino S, Borsetti F, Zannoni D. Structural and electrochemical characterization of lawsone-dependent production of tellurium-metal nanoprecipitates by photosynthetic cells of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 133:107456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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The aerobic respiratory chain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured in artificial urine media: Role of NQR and terminal oxidases. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231965. [PMID: 32324772 PMCID: PMC7179901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative γ-proteobacterium that forms part of the normal human microbiota and it is also an opportunistic pathogen, responsible for 30% of all nosocomial urinary tract infections. P. aeruginosa carries a highly branched respiratory chain that allows the colonization of many environments, such as the urinary tract, catheters and other medical devices. P. aeruginosa respiratory chain contains three different NADH dehydrogenases (complex I, NQR and NDH-2), whose physiologic roles have not been elucidated, and up to five terminal oxidases: three cytochrome c oxidases (COx), a cytochrome bo3 oxidase (CYO) and a cyanide-insensitive cytochrome bd-like oxidase (CIO). In this work, we studied the composition of the respiratory chain of P. aeruginosa cells cultured in Luria Broth (LB) and modified artificial urine media (mAUM), to understand the metabolic adaptations of this microorganism to the growth in urine. Our results show that the COx oxidases play major roles in mAUM, while P. aeruginosa relies on CYO when growing in LB medium. Moreover, our data demonstrate that the proton-pumping NQR complex is the main NADH dehydrogenase in both LB and mAUM. This enzyme is resistant to HQNO, an inhibitory molecule produced by P. aeruginosa, and may provide an advantage against the natural antibacterial agents produced by this organism. This work offers a clear picture of the composition of this pathogen’s aerobic respiratory chain and the main roles that NQR and terminal oxidases play in urine, which is essential to understand its physiology and could be used to develop new antibiotics against this notorious multidrug-resistant microorganism.
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8
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Shi LD, Du JJ, Wang LB, Han YL, Cao KF, Lai CY, Zhao HP. Formation of nanoscale Te 0 and its effect on TeO 32- reduction in CH 4-based membrane biofilm reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1232-1239. [PMID: 30577115 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Formation and recovery of elemental tellurium (Te0) from wastewaters are required by increasing demands and scarce resources. Membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) using gaseous electron donor has been reported as a low-cost and benign technique to reduce and recover metal (loids). In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of nanoscale Te0 formation by tellurite (TeO32-) reduction in a CH4-based MBfR. Biogenic Te0 intensively attached on cell surface, within diameters ranging from 10 nm to 30 nm and the hexagonal nanostructure. Along with the Te0 formation, the TeO32- reduction was inhibited. After flushing, biofilm resumed the TeO32- reduction ability, suggesting that the formed nanoscale Te0 might inhibit the reduction by hindering substrate transfer of TeO32- to microbes. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that Thermomonas and Hyphomicrobium were possibly responsible for TeO32- reduction since they increased consecutively along with the experiment operation. The PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) analysis showed that the sulfite reductases were positively correlated with the TeO32- flux, indicating they were potential enzymes involved in reduction process. This study confirms the capability of CH4-based MBfR in tellurium reduction and formation, and provides more techniques for resources recovery and recycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Dong Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Jie Du
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Bin Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lin Han
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Fan Cao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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9
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Vaigankar DC, Dubey SK, Mujawar SY, D'Costa A, S K S. Tellurite biotransformation and detoxification by Shewanella baltica with simultaneous synthesis of tellurium nanorods exhibiting photo-catalytic and anti-biofilm activity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:516-526. [PMID: 30223164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tellurite reducing bacterial strain was isolated from Zuari estuary, Goa India which could tolerate 5.5 mM potassium tellurite with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 6 mM. This strain was designated as GUSDZ9 and was identified as Shewanella baltica (accession number: MF350629) based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and BLAST analysis. The Diethyl-dithiocarbamate based colorimetric analysis clearly demonstrated a complete reduction of 2 mM tellurite to elemental tellurium during the late stationary phase. Te Nanoparticles (TeNPs) biosynthesis which initiated at early log phase (i.e. 4 h) was evidently monitored through colour change and a peak due to surface plasmon resonance at 210 nm using UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis. X-ray crystallographic studies and transmission electron microscopy revealed unique nano-rods with a diameter ranging from 8 to 75 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis further confirmed the presence of pure tellurium. The biogenic TeNPs at 10 and 5 µg/mL evidently demonstrated 90% degradation of methylene blue dye and anti-biofilm activity against potential Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens respectively. The alkaline comet assay revealed time and dose-dependent genotoxicity at concentrations higher than 15 µg/mL of TeNPs. This study clearly demonstrated the potential of Shewanella baltica strain GUSDZ9 in bioremediation of toxic tellurite through bio-reduction into elemental tellurium and involvement of biogenic TeNPs in the photo-catalytic reduction of methylene blue and anti-biofilm activity. This is the first report of its kind on the synthesis of biogenic TeNPs from Shewanella baltica demonstrating photo-catalytic, anti-biofilm activity as well as genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diviya Chandrakant Vaigankar
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Dubey
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Sajiya Yusuf Mujawar
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India
| | - Avelyno D'Costa
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India
| | - Shyama S K
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India
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Fedi S, Cappelletti M, Sandri F, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. Some facts about the respiratory enzymes of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 recently renamed as Pseudomonas furukawaii sp. nov., type strain KF707. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3066-3067. [PMID: 30024361 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kimura and co-workers (Kimura N et al. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018;68:1429-1435) recently proposed renaming the obligate aerobe Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 as Pseudomonas furukawiisp. nov. type strain KF707. Since the first quasi-complete genome sequence of KF707 was reported in 2012 (accession number: PRJNA83639) numerous reports on chemotaxis and function/composition of the respiratory redox chain of KF707 have been published, demonstrating that KF707 contains three cheA genes for aerobic motility, four cytochrome oxidases of c(c)aa3- and cbb3-type and one bd-type quinol oxidase. With this background in mind, it has been quite a surprise to read within Table 1 of the paper by Kimura et al. that strain KF707 is phenotypically characterized as cytochrome oxidase-negative. Further, Table 1 also reports that KF707 is β-galactosidase-positive, an affirmation that is not consistent with results documented in the current literature. In this present 'Letter to the Editor' we show that Kimura et al. have contradicted themselves and provided inaccurate information in respect to the respiratory phenotypic features of P. furukawii. Based on this, an official corrigendum is requested since the publication, as it is, blurs the credibility of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fedi
- 1Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- 1Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Sandri
- 1Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raymond J Turner
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Davide Zannoni
- 1Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Wang Z, Bu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, Zhou H. Morphology-tunable tellurium nanomaterials produced by the tellurite-reducing bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. ZYM-1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20756-20768. [PMID: 29756181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although tellurite is highly toxic to organisms, elemental tellurium nanomaterials (TeNMs) have many uses. The microbe-mediated reduction of tellurite to Te(0) has been shown to be a green and cost-effective approach for turning waste into wealth. However, it is difficult to tune the morphology of biogenic nanomaterials. In this study, a series of experiments was conducted to investigate the factors influencing tellurite reduction by the tellurite-reducing bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. ZYM-1, including pH, tellurite concentration, temperature, and heavy metal ions. The optimal removal efficiency of tellurite was respectively achieved at pH 8, 0.5 mM tellurite, and 40 °C. All of the tested metal ions retarded the reduction of tellurite, especially Cd2+ and Co2+, which completely inhibited its reduction. Further characterization of the biogenic TeNMs indicated that their morphology could be tuned by the tellurite concentration, pH, temperature, and organic solvents used. Regular Te nanosheets were produced using 5 mM tellurite. The TeNMs were primarily synthesized in the cell membrane. Hexagonal Te nanoplates, nanorods, nanoflowers, and nanobranches were synthesized when combining membrane fractions with tellurite and NADH. The diverse morphologies are assumed to be induced by the synergy between the reduction kinetics and the protein structure. Therefore, this study confirmed that the bacterium can tune the morphology of TeNMs, broadening the potential application of biogenic TeNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yibin Bu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Zuotai Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
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12
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Presentato A, Piacenza E, Darbandi A, Anikovskiy M, Cappelletti M, Zannoni D, Turner RJ. Assembly, growth and conductive properties of tellurium nanorods produced by Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3923. [PMID: 29500440 PMCID: PMC5834534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tellurite (TeO32-) is a hazardous and toxic oxyanion for living organisms. However, several microorganisms can bioconvert TeO32- into the less toxic form of elemental tellurium (Te0). Here, Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 resting (non-growing) cells showed the proficiency to produce tellurium-based nanoparticles (NPs) and nanorods (NRs) through the bioconversion of TeO32-, depending on the oxyanion initial concentration and time of cellular incubation. Te-nanostructures initially appeared in the cytoplasm of BCP1 cells as spherical NPs, which, as the exposure time increased, were converted into NRs. This observation suggested the existence of an intracellular mechanism of TeNRs assembly and growth that resembled the chemical surfactant-assisted process for NRs synthesis. The TeNRs produced by the BCP1 strain showed an average length (>700 nm) almost doubled compared to those observed in other studies. Further, the biogenic TeNRs displayed a regular single-crystalline structure typically obtained for those chemically synthesized. The chemical-physical characterization of the biogenic TeNRs reflected their thermodynamic stability that is likely derived from amphiphilic biomolecules present in the organic layer surrounding the NRs. Finally, the biogenic TeNRs extract showed good electrical conductivity. Thus, these findings support the suitability of this strain as eco-friendly biocatalyst to produce high quality tellurium-based nanomaterials exploitable for technological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Presentato
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Elena Piacenza
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ali Darbandi
- Microscopy and Imaging Facility, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Unit of General and Applied Microbiology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Unit of General and Applied Microbiology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Sandri F, Musiani F, Selamoglu N, Daldal F, Zannoni D. Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 grown with biphenyl expresses a cytochrome caa 3 oxidase that uses cytochrome c 4 as electron donor. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:901-915. [PMID: 29427514 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Combining peroxidase activity-based heme staining (TMBZ/SDS/PAGE) with mass spectrometry analyses (Nano LC-MS/MS) of protein extracts from wild-type and appropriate mutants, we provide evidence that the polychlorinated biphenyl degrader Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 primarily expresses a caa3 -type cytochrome c oxidase (caa3 -Cox) using cytochrome (cyt) c4 as an electron donor in cells grown with biphenyl versus glucose as the sole carbon source. Homology modeling of KF707 caa3 -Cox using the three-dimensional structure of that from Thermus thermophilus highlights multiple similarities and differences between the proton channels in subunit I of the aa3 - and caa3 -Cox of Paracoccus and Thermus spp., respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the presence of a caa3 -Cox using cyt c4 as an electron donor in a Pseudomonas species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sandri
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Nur Selamoglu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fevzi Daldal
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
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14
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Sandri F, Fedi S, Cappelletti M, Calabrese FM, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. Biphenyl Modulates the Expression and Function of Respiratory Oxidases in the Polychlorinated-Biphenyls Degrader Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1223. [PMID: 28713350 PMCID: PMC5492768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 is a soil bacterium which is known for its capacity to aerobically degrade harmful organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using biphenyl as co-metabolite. Here we provide the first genetic and functional analysis of the KF707 respiratory terminal oxidases in cells grown with two different carbon sources: glucose and biphenyl. We identified five terminal oxidases in KF707: two c(c)aa3 type oxidases (Caa3 and Ccaa3), two cbb3 type oxidases (Cbb31 and Cbb32), and one bd type cyanide-insensitive quinol oxidase (CIO). While the activity and expression of both Cbb31 and Cbb32 oxidases was prevalent in glucose grown cells as compared to the other oxidases, the activity and expression of the Caa3 oxidase increased considerably only when biphenyl was used as carbon source in contrast to the Cbb32 oxidase which was repressed. Further, the respiratory activity and expression of CIO was up-regulated in a Cbb31 deletion strain as compared to W.T. whereas the CIO up-regulation was not present in Cbb32 and C(c)aa3 deletion mutants. These results, together, reveal that both function and expression of cbb3 and caa3 type oxidases in KF707 are modulated by biphenyl which is the co-metabolite needed for the activation of the PCBs-degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sandri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fedi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Francesco M Calabrese
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro"Bari, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro"Bari, Italy
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
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15
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Borghese R, Brucale M, Fortunato G, Lanzi M, Mezzi A, Valle F, Cavallini M, Zannoni D. Reprint of "Extracellular production of tellurium nanoparticles by the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus". JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 324:31-38. [PMID: 27863796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The toxic oxyanion tellurite (TeO32-) is acquired by cells of Rhodobacter capsulatus grown anaerobically in the light, via acetate permease ActP2 and then reduced to Te0 in the cytoplasm as needle-like black precipitates. Interestingly, photosynthetic cultures of R. capsulatus can also generate Te0 nanoprecipitates (TeNPs) outside the cells upon addition of the redox mediator lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone). TeNPs generation kinetics were monitored to define the optimal conditions to produce TeNPs as a function of various carbon sources and lawsone concentration. We report that growing cultures over a 10 days period with daily additions of 1mM tellurite led to the accumulation in the growth medium of TeNPs with dimensions from 200 up to 600-700nm in length as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). This result suggests that nucleation of TeNPs takes place over the entire cell growth period although the addition of new tellurium Te0 to pre-formed TeNPs is the main strategy used by R. capsulatus to generate TeNPs outside the cells. Finally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of TeNPs indicate they are coated with an organic material which keeps the particles in solution in aqueous solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Borghese
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Brucale
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (CNR-ISMN), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Dept. of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Mezzi
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (CNR-ISMN), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (CNR-ISMN), Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Davide Zannoni
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
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16
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Presentato A, Piacenza E, Anikovskiy M, Cappelletti M, Zannoni D, Turner RJ. Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 as cell factory for the production of intracellular tellurium nanorods under aerobic conditions. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:204. [PMID: 27978836 PMCID: PMC5157098 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tellurite (TeO32−) is recognized as a toxic oxyanion to living organisms. However, mainly anaerobic or facultative-anaerobic microorganisms are able to tolerate and convert TeO32− into the less toxic and available form of elemental Tellurium (Te0), producing Te-deposits or Te-nanostructures. The use of TeO32−-reducing bacteria can lead to the decontamination of polluted environments and the development of “green-synthesis” methods for the production of nanomaterials. In this study, the tolerance and the consumption of TeO32− have been investigated, along with the production and characterization of Te-nanorods by Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 grown under aerobic conditions. Results Aerobically grown BCP1 cells showed high tolerance towards TeO32− with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2800 μg/mL (11.2 mM). TeO32− consumption has been evaluated exposing the BCP1 strain to either 100 or 500 μg/mL of K2TeO3 (unconditioned growth) or after re-inoculation in fresh medium with new addition of K2TeO3 (conditioned growth). A complete consumption of TeO32− at 100 μg/mL was observed under both growth conditions, although conditioned cells showed higher consumption rate. Unconditioned and conditioned BCP1 cells partially consumed TeO32− at 500 μg/mL. However, a greater TeO32− consumption was observed with conditioned cells. The production of intracellular, not aggregated and rod-shaped Te-nanostructures (TeNRs) was observed as a consequence of TeO32− reduction. Extracted TeNRs appear to be embedded in an organic surrounding material, as suggested by the chemical–physical characterization. Moreover, we observed longer TeNRs depending on either the concentration of precursor (100 or 500 μg/mL of K2TeO3) or the growth conditions (unconditioned or conditioned grown cells). Conclusions Rhodococcus aetherivorans BCP1 is able to tolerate high concentrations of TeO32− during its growth under aerobic conditions. Moreover, compared to unconditioned BCP1 cells, TeO32−conditioned cells showed a higher oxyanion consumption rate (for 100 μg/mL of K2TeO3) or to consume greater amount of TeO32− (for 500 μg/mL of K2TeO3). TeO32− consumption by BCP1 cells led to the production of intracellular and not aggregated TeNRs embedded in an organic surrounding material. The high resistance of BCP1 to TeO32− along with its ability to produce Te-nanostructures supports the application of this microorganism as a possible eco-friendly nanofactory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0602-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Presentato
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Elena Piacenza
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Max Anikovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of General and Applied Microbiology, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of General and Applied Microbiology, Via Irnerio 42, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Arenas-Salinas M, Vargas-Pérez JI, Morales W, Pinto C, Muñoz-Díaz P, Cornejo FA, Pugin B, Sandoval JM, Díaz-Vásquez WA, Muñoz-Villagrán C, Rodríguez-Rojas F, Morales EH, Vásquez CC, Arenas FA. Flavoprotein-Mediated Tellurite Reduction: Structural Basis and Applications to the Synthesis of Tellurium-Containing Nanostructures. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1160. [PMID: 27507969 PMCID: PMC4960239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tellurium oxyanion tellurite (TeO32-) is extremely harmful for most organisms. It has been suggested that a potential bacterial tellurite resistance mechanism would consist of an enzymatic, NAD(P)H-dependent, reduction to the less toxic form elemental tellurium (Te0). To date, a number of enzymes such as catalase, type II NADH dehydrogenase and terminal oxidases from the electron transport chain, nitrate reductases, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), among others, have been shown to display tellurite-reducing activity. This activity is generically referred to as tellurite reductase (TR). Bioinformatic data resting on some of the abovementioned enzymes enabled the identification of common structures involved in tellurite reduction including vicinal catalytic cysteine residues and the FAD/NAD(P)+-binding domain, which is characteristic of some flavoproteins. Along this line, thioredoxin reductase (TrxB), alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpF), glutathione reductase (GorA), mercuric reductase (MerA), NADH: flavorubredoxin reductase (NorW), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, and the putative oxidoreductase YkgC from Escherichia coli or environmental bacteria were purified and assessed for TR activity. All of them displayed in vitro TR activity at the expense of NADH or NADPH oxidation. In general, optimal reducing conditions occurred around pH 9–10 and 37°C. Enzymes exhibiting strong TR activity produced Te-containing nanostructures (TeNS). While GorA and AhpF generated TeNS of 75 nm average diameter, E3 and YkgC produced larger structures (>100 nm). Electron-dense structures were observed in cells over-expressing genes encoding TrxB, GorA, and YkgC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquín I Vargas-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Wladimir Morales
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca Talca, Chile
| | - Camilo Pinto
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián A Cornejo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Benoit Pugin
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan M Sandoval
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud e Instituto de Etnofarmacología, Universidad Arturo Prat Iquique, Chile
| | - Waldo A Díaz-Vásquez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San SebastiánSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Muñoz-Villagrán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Rodríguez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo H Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio C Vásquez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A Arenas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
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18
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Borghese R, Brucale M, Fortunato G, Lanzi M, Mezzi A, Valle F, Cavallini M, Zannoni D. Extracellular production of tellurium nanoparticles by the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 309:202-209. [PMID: 26894294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The toxic oxyanion tellurite (TeO3(2-)) is acquired by cells of Rhodobacter capsulatus grown anaerobically in the light, via acetate permease ActP2 and then reduced to Te(0) in the cytoplasm as needle-like black precipitates. Interestingly, photosynthetic cultures of R. capsulatus can also generate Te(0) nanoprecipitates (TeNPs) outside the cells upon addition of the redox mediator lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone). TeNPs generation kinetics were monitored to define the optimal conditions to produce TeNPs as a function of various carbon sources and lawsone concentration. We report that growing cultures over a 10 days period with daily additions of 1mM tellurite led to the accumulation in the growth medium of TeNPs with dimensions from 200 up to 600-700 nm in length as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). This result suggests that nucleation of TeNPs takes place over the entire cell growth period although the addition of new tellurium Te(0) to pre-formed TeNPs is the main strategy used by R. capsulatus to generate TeNPs outside the cells. Finally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of TeNPs indicate they are coated with an organic material which keeps the particles in solution in aqueous solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Borghese
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Brucale
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (CNR-ISMN), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Dept. of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Mezzi
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (CNR-ISMN), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (CNR-ISMN), Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Davide Zannoni
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
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Mal J, Nancharaiah YV, van Hullebusch ED, Lens PNL. Metal chalcogenide quantum dots: biotechnological synthesis and applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08447h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal chalcogenide (metal sulfide, selenide and telluride) quantum dots (QDs) have attracted considerable attention due to their quantum confinement and size-dependent photoemission characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mal
- UNESCO-IHE
- Delft
- The Netherlands
- Biofouling and Biofilm Process Section
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division
| | - Y. V. Nancharaiah
- UNESCO-IHE
- Delft
- The Netherlands
- Université Paris-Est
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE)
| | - E. D. van Hullebusch
- Biofouling and Biofilm Process Section
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Kalpakkam-603102
- India
| | - P. N. L. Lens
- UNESCO-IHE
- Delft
- The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Tampere University of Technology
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20
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Forootanfar H, Amirpour-Rostami S, Jafari M, Forootanfar A, Yousefizadeh Z, Shakibaie M. Microbial-assisted synthesis and evaluation the cytotoxic effect of tellurium nanorods. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 49:183-189. [PMID: 25686938 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to isolate bacterial strain capable of tellurium nanorods' (Te NRs) production followed by purification and evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of Te NRs. Among 25 environmental samples collected for screening of Te NR-producer bacterial strains one bacterial colony (isolated from hot spring and identified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain Te) was selected and applied for biosynthesis of Te NRs. Thereafter, an organic-aqueous partitioning system was applied for the purification of the biogenic Te NRs and the purified Te NRs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The cytotoxic effect of biologically synthesized Te NRs and potassium tellurite on four cell lines of MCF-7, HT1080, HepG2 and A549 was then determined using the MTT assay method. The obtained results revealed lower toxicity for the rod-shaped biogenic tellurium nanostructures (~22nm diameter by 185nm length) compared to K2TeO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Forootanfar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sahar Amirpour-Rostami
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mandana Jafari
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Forootanfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefizadeh
- The Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shakibaie
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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21
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Borghese R, Baccolini C, Francia F, Sabatino P, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. Reduction of chalcogen oxyanions and generation of nanoprecipitates by the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 269:24-30. [PMID: 24462199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The facultative photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus is characterized in its interaction with the toxic oxyanions tellurite (Te(IV)) and selenite (Se(IV)) by a highly variable level of resistance that is dependent on the growth mode making this bacterium an ideal organism for the study of the microbial interaction with chalcogens. As we have reported in the past, while the oxyanion tellurite is taken up by R. capsulatus cells via acetate permease and it is reduced to Te(0) in the cytoplasm in the form of splinter-like black intracellular deposits no clear mechanism was described for Se(0) precipitation. Here, we present the first report on the biotransformation of tellurium and selenium oxyanions into extracellular Te(0) and Se(0)nanoprecipitates (NPs) by anaerobic photosynthetically growing cultures of R. capsulatus as a function of exogenously added redox-mediator lawsone, i.e. 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. The NPs formation was dependent on the carbon source used for the bacterial growth and the rate of chalcogen reduction was constant at different lawsone concentrations, in line with a catalytic role for the redox mediator. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated the Te(0) and Se(0) nature of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Borghese
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Baccolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Francia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Piera Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Davide Zannoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy.
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22
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Protein-protein association and cellular localization of four essential gene products encoded by tellurite resistance-conferring cluster "ter" from pathogenic Escherichia coli. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 104:899-911. [PMID: 23989928 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene cluster "ter" conferring high tellurite resistance has been identified in various pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli O157:H7. However, the precise mechanism as well as the molecular function of the respective gene products is unclear. Here we describe protein-protein association and localization analyses of four essential Ter proteins encoded by minimal resistance-conferring fragment (terBCDE) by means of recombinant expression. By using a two-plasmid complementation system we show that the overproduced single Ter proteins are not able to mediate tellurite resistance, but all Ter members play an irreplaceable role within the cluster. We identified several types of homotypic and heterotypic protein-protein associations among the Ter proteins by in vitro and in vivo pull-down assays and determined their cellular localization by cytosol/membrane fractionation. Our results strongly suggest that Ter proteins function involves their mutual association, which probably happens at the interface of the inner plasma membrane and the cytosol.
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Abbate C, Ambrosoli R, Minati JL, Gennari M, Arena M. Metabolic and molecular methods to evaluate the organoclay effects on a bacterial community. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 179:39-44. [PMID: 23644274 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence exerted by two different commercial organoclays (DELLITE 43B and DELLITE 67G) on a model microbial consortium using microbial metabolic characterization with BIOLOG system and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) molecular approach. The information obtained from the molecular analyses, in their complex, account for the differences in species composition induced on the reference consortium by the contact with the organoclays under study. DELLITE 43B resulted to produce a marked selective effect, stimulating the quantitative increase especially of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. A weaker effect was found for DELLITE 67G. On the other hand, Biolog analyses indicated a depressing action exerted by DELLITE 43B on the metabolic activity of the model microbial consortium as a whole. The presence of P. pseudoalcaligenes and B. borstelensis in the bacterial community after the treatments confirmed that a positive change in the microbial structure consortium occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Abbate
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Kim DH, Kanaly RA, Hur HG. Biological accumulation of tellurium nanorod structures via reduction of tellurite by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 125:127-131. [PMID: 23026324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, reduced tellurite (Te(IV), TeO(3)(2-)) to elemental tellurium under anaerobic conditions resulting in the intracellular accumulation of needle shaped crystalline Te(0) nanorods. Fatty acid analyses showed that toxic Te(IV) increased the unsaturated fatty acid composition of the lipid components of the cell membrane, implying a deconstruction of the integrity of the cellular membrane structure. The current results suggest that dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria such as S. oneidensis MR-1 may play an important role in recycling toxic tellurium elements, and may be applied as a novel selective biological filter via the accumulation of industry-applicable rare materials, Te(0) nanorods, in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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25
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Turner RJ, Borghese R, Zannoni D. Microbial processing of tellurium as a tool in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:954-63. [PMID: 21907273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we overview the most recent advances in understanding the bacterial mechanisms that stay behind the reduction of tellurium oxyanions in both planktonic cells and biofilms. This is a topic of interest for basic and applied research because microorganisms are deeply involved in the transformation of metals and metalloids in the environment. In particular, the recent observation that toxic tellurite can be precipitated either inside or outside the cells being used as electron sink to support bacterial growth, opens new perspectives for both microbial physiologists and biotechnologists. As promising nanomaterials, tellurium based nanoparticles show unique electronic and optical properties due to quantum confinement effects to be used in the area of chemistry, electronics, medicine and environmental biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Turner
- Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Aeration controls the reduction and methylation of tellurium by the aerobic, tellurite-resistant marine yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4610-7. [PMID: 21602387 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00351-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously described a marine, tellurite-resistant strain of the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa that both precipitates intracellular Te0 and volatilizes methylated Te compounds when grown in the presence of the oxyanion tellurite. The uses of microbes as a "green" route for the production of Te0-containing nanostructures and for the remediation of Te-oxyanion wastes have great potential, and so a more thorough understanding of this process is required. Here, Te precipitation and volatilization catalyzed by R. mucilaginosa were examined in continuously aerated and sealed (low oxygen concentration) batch cultures. Continuous aeration was found to strongly promote Te volatilization while inhibiting Te0 precipitation. This differs from the results in sealed batch cultures, for which tellurite reduction to Te0 was found to be very efficient. We show also that volatile Te species may be degraded rapidly in medium and converted to the particulate form by biological activity. Further experiments revealed that Te0 precipitates produced by R. mucilaginosa can be further transformed to volatile and dissolved Te species. However, it was not clearly determined whether Te0 is a required intermediate for Te volatilization. Based on these results, we conclude that low oxygen concentrations will be the most efficient for production of Te0 nanoparticles while limiting the production of toxic volatile Te species, although the production of these compounds may never be completely eliminated.
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Sulfate assimilation mediates tellurite reduction and toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2010; 9:1635-47. [PMID: 20675578 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00078-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite a century of research and increasing environmental and human health concerns, the mechanistic basis of the toxicity of derivatives of the metalloid tellurium, Te, in particular the oxyanion tellurite, Te(IV), remains unsolved. Here, we provide an unbiased view of the mechanisms of tellurium metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by measuring deviations in Te-related traits of a complete collection of gene knockout mutants. Reduction of Te(IV) and intracellular accumulation as metallic tellurium strongly correlated with loss of cellular fitness, suggesting that Te(IV) reduction and toxicity are causally linked. The sulfate assimilation pathway upstream of Met17, in particular, the sulfite reductase and its cofactor siroheme, was shown to be central to tellurite toxicity and its reduction to elemental tellurium. Gene knockout mutants with altered Te(IV) tolerance also showed a similar deviation in tolerance to both selenite and, interestingly, selenomethionine, suggesting that the toxicity of these agents stems from a common mechanism. We also show that Te(IV) reduction and toxicity in yeast is partially mediated via a mitochondrial respiratory mechanism that does not encompass the generation of substantial oxidative stress. The results reported here represent a robust base from which to attack the mechanistic details of Te(IV) toxicity and reduction in a eukaryotic organism.
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28
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Tremaroli V, Workentine ML, Weljie AM, Vogel HJ, Ceri H, Viti C, Tatti E, Zhang P, Hynes AP, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. Metabolomic investigation of the bacterial response to a metal challenge. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:719-28. [PMID: 19047385 PMCID: PMC2632130 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01771-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 is naturally resistant to the toxic metalloid tellurite, but the mechanisms of resistance are not known. In this study we report the isolation of a KF707 mutant (T5) with hyperresistance to tellurite. In order to characterize the bacterial response and the pathways leading to tolerance, we utilized Phenotype MicroArray technology (Biolog) and a metabolomic technique based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The physiological states of KF707 wild-type and T5 cells exposed to tellurite were also compared in terms of viability and reduced thiol content. Our analyses showed an extensive change in metabolism upon the addition of tellurite to KF707 cultures as well as different responses when the wild-type and T5 strains were compared. Even in the absence of tellurite, T5 cells displayed a "poised" physiological status, primed for tellurite exposure and characterized by altered intracellular levels of glutathione, branched-chain amino acids, and betaine, along with increased resistance to other toxic metals and metabolic inhibitors. We conclude that hyperresistance to tellurite in P. pseudoalcaligenes KF707 is correlated with the induction of the oxidative stress response, resistance to membrane perturbation, and reconfiguration of cellular metabolism.
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Amoozegar MA, Ashengroph M, Malekzadeh F, Reza Razavi M, Naddaf S, Kabiri M. Isolation and initial characterization of the tellurite reducing moderately halophilic bacterium, Salinicoccus sp. strain QW6. Microbiol Res 2008; 163:456-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 upon biofilm formation on a polystyrene surface acquire a strong antibiotic resistance with minor changes in their tolerance to metal cations and metalloid oxyanions. Arch Microbiol 2008; 190:29-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-008-0360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Zannoni D, Borsetti F, Harrison JJ, Turner RJ. The bacterial response to the chalcogen metalloids Se and Te. Adv Microb Physiol 2007; 53:1-72. [PMID: 17707143 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(07)53001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial metabolism of inorganics has been the subject of interest since the 1970s when it was recognized that bacteria are involved in the transformation of metal compounds in the environment. This area of research is generally referred to as bioinorganic chemistry or microbial biogeochemistry. Here, we overview the way the chalcogen metalloids Se and Te interact with bacteria. As a topic of considerable interest for basic and applied research, bacterial processing of tellurium and selenium oxyanions has been reviewed a few times over the past 15 years. Oddly, this is the first time these compounds have been considered together and their similarities and differences highlighted. Another aspect touched on for the first time by this review is the bacterial response in cell-cell or cell-surface aggregates (biofilms) against the metalloid oxyanions. Finally, in this review we have attempted to rationalize the considerable amount of literature available on bacterial resistance to the toxic metalloids tellurite and selenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zannoni
- Department of Biology, Unit of General Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Borghese R, Marchetti D, Zannoni D. The highly toxic oxyanion tellurite (TeO (3) (2-) ) enters the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus via an as yet uncharacterized monocarboxylate transport system. Arch Microbiol 2007; 189:93-100. [PMID: 17713758 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-007-0297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The facultative phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus takes up the highly toxic oxyanion tellurite when grown under both photosynthetic and respiratory growth conditions. Previous works on Escherichia coli and R. capsulatus suggested that tellurite uptake occurred through a phosphate transporter. Here we present evidences indicating that tellurite enters R. capsulatus cells via a monocarboxylate transport system. Indeed, intracellular accumulation of tellurite was inhibited by the addition of monocarboxylates such as pyruvate, lactate and acetate, but not by dicarboxylates like malate or succinate. Acetate was the strongest tellurite uptake antagonist and this effect was concentration dependent, being already evident at 1 microM acetate. Conversely, tellurite at 100 microM was able to restrict the acetate entry into the cells. Both tellurite and acetate uptakes were energy dependent processes, since they were abolished by the protonophore FCCP and by the respiratory electron transport inhibitor KCN. Interestingly, cells grown on acetate, lactate or pyruvate showed a high level resistance to tellurite, whereas cells grown on malate or succinate proved to be very sensitive to the oxyanion. Taking these data together, we propose that: (a) tellurite enters R. capsulatus cells via an as yet uncharacterized monocarboxylate(s) transporter, (b) competition between acetate and tellurite results in a much higher level of tolerance against the oxyanion and (c) the toxic action of tellurite at the cytosolic level is significantly restricted by preventing tellurite uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Borghese
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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33
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Borsetti F, Francia F, Turner RJ, Zannoni D. The thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase DsbB mediates the oxidizing effects of the toxic metalloid tellurite (TeO32-) on the plasma membrane redox system of the facultative phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus. J Bacteriol 2006; 189:851-9. [PMID: 17098900 PMCID: PMC1797329 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01080-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly toxic oxyanion tellurite (TeO3(2-)) is a well known pro-oxidant in mammalian and bacterial cells. This work examines the effects of tellurite on the redox state of the electron transport chain of the facultative phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus, in relation to the role of the thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase DsbB. Under steady-state respiration, the addition of tellurite (2.5 mM) to membrane fragments generated an extrareduction of the cytochrome pool (c- and b-type hemes); further, in plasma membranes exposed to tellurite (0.25 to 2.5 mM) and subjected to a series of flashes of light, the rate of the QH2:cytochrome c (Cyt c) oxidoreductase activity was enhanced. The effect of tellurite was blocked by the antibiotics antimycin A and/or myxothiazol, specific inhibitors of the QH2:Cyt c oxidoreductase, and, most interestingly, the membrane-associated thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase DsbB was required to mediate the redox unbalance produced by the oxyanion. Indeed, this phenomenon was absent from R. capsulatus MD22, a DsbB-deficient mutant, whereas the tellurite effect was present in membranes from MD22/pDsbB(WT), in which the mutant gene was complemented to regain the wild-type DsbB phenotype. These findings were taken as evidence that the membrane-bound thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase DsbB acts as an "electron conduit" between the hydrophilic metalloid and the lipid-embedded Q pool, so that in habitats contaminated with subinhibitory amounts of Te(IV), the metalloid is likely to function as a disposal for the excess reducing power at the Q-pool level of facultative phototrophic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borsetti
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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34
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Cordas CM, Pereira AS, Martins CE, Timóteo CG, Moura I, Moura JJG, Tavares P. Nitric Oxide Reductase: Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalytic Activity. Chembiochem 2006; 7:1878-81. [PMID: 17031883 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Cordas
- Requimte, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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35
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Tremaroli V, Fedi S, Zannoni D. Evidence for a tellurite-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species and absence of a tellurite-mediated adaptive response to oxidative stress in cells of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707. Arch Microbiol 2006; 187:127-35. [PMID: 17013634 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-006-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tellurite (TeO3(2-)) is the most toxic and soluble oxyanion among tellurium (Te) compounds. The effects of the metalloid anion on the oxidative stress response of the obligate aerobe Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 were investigated. Cells treated with sub-lethal concentrations of TeO3(2-) showed neither adaptation to it nor cross-protection against oxidants such as 1,1'-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat, PQ2+), diazenedicarboxylic acid bis-N,N-dimethylamide (diamide), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Notably, TeO3(2-) exerted a synergic effect on the toxicity of these latter oxidants. Tellurite was shown to decrease the cellular content of reduced thiols (RSH) with a consequent increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulation of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. However, since the time course of ROS production by TeO3(2) (t1/2 > 30 min) was much slower than that with PQ2+ and/or diamide (t1/2 <or= 10 min), in the former case the SOD activity was poorly activated. We conclude that in P. pseudoalcaligenes KF707 cells: (1) the TeO3(2-) acts as a pro-oxidant by stimulating ROS production; (2) the release of superoxide oxyanions is directly linked to the mechanism of toxicity; (3) TeO3(2-) is unable to induce an adaptive response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tremaroli
- Department of Biology, General Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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36
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Borghese R, Borsetti F, Foladori P, Ziglio G, Zannoni D. Effects of the metalloid oxyanion tellurite (TeO32-) on growth characteristics of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 70:6595-602. [PMID: 15528523 PMCID: PMC525167 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.11.6595-6602.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work examines the effects of potassium tellurite (K2TeO3) on the cell viability of the facultative phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus. There was a growth mode-dependent response in which cultures anaerobically grown in the light tolerate the presence of up to 250 to 300 microg of tellurite (TeO3(2-)) per ml, while dark-grown aerobic cells were inhibited at tellurite levels as low as 2 microg/ml. The tellurite sensitivity of aerobic cultures was evident only for growth on minimal salt medium, whereas it was not seen during growth on complex medium. Notably, through the use of flow cytometry, we show that the cell membrane integrity was strongly affected by tellurite during the early growth phase (< or =50% viable cells); however, at the end of the growth period and in parallel with massive tellurite intracellular accumulation as elemental Te0 crystallites, recovery of cytoplasmic membrane integrity was apparent (> or =90% viable cells), which was supported by the development of a significant membrane potential (Deltapsi = 120 mV). These data are taken as evidence that in anaerobic aquatic habitats, the facultative phototroph R. capsulatus might act as a natural scavenger of the highly soluble and toxic oxyanion tellurite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Borghese
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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37
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Lohmeier-Vogel EM, Ung S, Turner RJ. In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of tellurite toxicity in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:7342-7. [PMID: 15574934 PMCID: PMC535159 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.12.7342-7347.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 08/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we compare the physiological state of Escherichia coli exposed to tellurite or selenite by using the noninvasive technique of phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We studied glucose-fed Escherichia coli HB101 cells containing either a normal pUC8 plasmid with no tellurite resistance determinants present or the pTWT100 plasmid which contains the resistance determinants tehAB. No differences could be observed in intracellular ATP levels, the presence or absence of a transmembrane pH gradient, or the levels of phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates when resistant cells were studied by 31P NMR in the presence or absence of tellurite. In the sensitive strain, we observed that the transmembrane pH gradient was dissipated and intracellular ATP levels were rapidly depleted upon exposure to tellurite. Only the level of phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates remained the same as observed with resistant cells. Upon exposure to selenite, no differences could be observed by 31P NMR between resistant and sensitive strains, suggesting that the routes for selenite and tellurite reduction within the cells differ significantly, since only tellurite is able to collapse the transmembrane pH gradient and lower ATP levels in sensitive cells. The presence of the resistance determinant tehAB, by an as yet unidentified detoxification event, protects the cells from uncoupling by tellurite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke M Lohmeier-Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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38
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Toptchieva A, Sisson G, Bryden LJ, Taylor DE, Hoffman PS. An inducible tellurite-resistance operon in Proteus mirabilis. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2003; 149:1285-1295. [PMID: 12724390 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.25981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tellurite resistance (Te(r)) is widespread in nature and it is shown here that the natural resistance of Proteus mirabilis to tellurite is due to a chromosomally located orthologue of plasmid-borne ter genes found in enteric bacteria. The P. mirabilis ter locus (terZABCDE) was identified in a screen of Tn5lacZ-generated mutants of which one contained an insertion in terC. The P. mirabilis terC mutant displayed increased susceptibility to tellurite (Te(s)) and complementation with terC carried on a multicopy plasmid restored high-level Te(r). Primer extension analysis revealed a single transcriptional start site upstream of terZ, but only with RNA harvested from bacteria grown in the presence of tellurite. Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses confirmed that the ter operon was inducible by tellurite and to a lesser extent by oxidative stress inducers such as hydrogen peroxide and methyl viologen (paraquat). Direct and inverted repeat sequences were identified in the ter promoter region as well as motifs upstream of the -35 hexamer that resembled OxyR-binding sequences. Finally, the 390 bp intergenic promoter region located between orf3 and terZ showed no DNA sequence identity with any other published ter sequences, whereas terZABCDE genes exhibited 73-85 % DNA sequence identity. The ter operon was present in all clinical isolates of P. mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris tested and is inferred for Morganella and Providencia spp. based on screening for high level Te(r) and preliminary PCR analysis. Thus, a chromosomally located inducible tellurite resistance operon appears to be a common feature of the genus Proteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toptchieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7
| | - Gary Sisson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7
| | - Louis J Bryden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7
| | - Diane E Taylor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1-28 Medical Science Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Paul S Hoffman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7
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Zanaroli G, Fedi S, Carnevali M, Fava F, Zannoni D. Use of potassium tellurite for testing the survival and viability of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 in soil microcosms contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls. Res Microbiol 2002; 153:353-60. [PMID: 12234009 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(02)01334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that the oxyanion tellurite TeO3(2-) can be used as a tool to detect and quantify the release in soil microcosms of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707, a strain spontaneously resistant to tellurite with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 150 microg ml(-1). KF707 cells which carry the genes for degradation of a wide range of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) were used for inoculation of laboratory microcosms prepared with two different PCB-contaminated soils (Ci/s and Di/s) in the presence or absence of biphenyl as carbon source. In all microcosms supplemented with biphenyl, significant survival of strain KF707 was noted over a time period of 35 days; conversely, in microcosms containing Ci/s soil without biphenyl addition a rapid decrease in KF707 inoculated cells was observed. By comparing the number of inoculated KF707 cells with the number of indigenous bacteria growing on biphenyl (IBGB) of both Ci/s and Di/s microcosms, it could be concluded that the KF707/IBGB ratio is a relevant parameter in determining the fate of the added strain. The efficacy of potassium tellurite as a selective marker to monitor strain KF707 in laboratory microcosms was confirmed by ARDRA analyses of the 16S rDNA, while the isolated indigenous bacteria growing on biphenyl were identified as members of three different species of the genus Pseudomonas. We also report that in microcosms inoculated with KF707 cells in the absence of biphenyl, only low chlorinated biphenyls were degraded.
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