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Chukwu S, Munn A, Wilson JC, Ibrahim H, Gosling D, Love RM, Bakr MM. Efficacy of an impression disinfectant solution after repeated use: An in vitro study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23792. [PMID: 38223712 PMCID: PMC10784168 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Statement of problem There are very few studies using Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC) as an active disinfection agent for immersion techniques and there are no studies investigating the efficacy of repeated use of a disinfectant solution. Purpose This study evaluated an impression disinfectant by testing bacterial contamination of disinfectant batches used in a clinical setting after repeated use. Materials and methods Liquid samples were collected from impression disinfectant solutions used to disinfect dental impressions taken at a university dental clinic. The experimental samples (500 ml from 1 L of solution) were collected from teaching and professional clinics and the in-house commercial processing laboratory and stored at room temperature each day of clinic operation over five weeks. To determine to what extent the disinfectant efficacy of the active product decreased over time, the following tests were carried out: a. Inoculation b. Gram staining technique c. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass spectrometry (MALDI- MS). Microbial growth was monitored and photographed. A culture revival was made from colonies grown on sheep blood agar, to isolate pure colonies incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. Each morphologically distinct type of colony was gram stained and MALDI spectrometry analysis was performed using the VITEK MS (BioMerieux Inc.). Results Evidence of growth of bacteria was detected in teaching clinics' samples, and no growth from the professional clinic or the commercial laboratory. Conclusions The study demonstrated that impression disinfectanat solution tested is effective against common oral bacteria, despite some rare species such as Bacillus circulans, Bacillus horneckiae, Bacillus altitudinis/pumilus and Bacillus cereus showing evidence of survival in solutions used for disinfection of impressions. However, in a high use teaching clinic environment its efficacy deteriorated. Though a second level disinfection protocol in the commercial laboratory-maintained impression disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chukwu
- Clinical Dental technologist, L & T Dental Laboratory Bridgend, Wales, UK
| | - Alan Munn
- Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Wilson
- Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hadeel Ibrahim
- Lecturer in Prosthodontics, University of Melbourne, Prosthodontist at the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dean Gosling
- Advanced Scientist - Laboratory Operations Manager, Queensland Public Health and Scientific Services (QPHaSS), Queensland Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert M. Love
- Dean of Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mahmoud M. Bakr
- Director of Clinical Education, Senior lecturer in General Dental Practice, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Bratkic A, Jazbec A, Toplak N, Koren S, Lojen S, Tinta T, Kostanjsek R, Snoj L. The colonization of an irradiated environment: the case of microbial biofilm in a nuclear reactor. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:108-121. [PMID: 37812192 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2258206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the microbial community change in the biofilm, growing on the walls of a containment tank of TRIGA nuclear reactor revealed a thriving community in an oligotrophic and heavy-metal-laden environment, periodically exposed to high pulses of ionizing radiation (IR). We observed a vertical IR resistance/tolerance stratification of microbial genera, with higher resistance and less diversity closer to the reactor core. One of the isolated Bacillus strains survived 15 kGy of combined gamma and proton radiation, which was surprising. It appears that there is a succession of genera that colonizes or re-colonizes new or IR-sterilized surfaces, led by Bacilli and/or Actinobacteria, upon which a photoautotrophic and diazotrophic community is established within a fortnight. The temporal progression of the biofilm community was evaluated also as a proxy for microbial response to radiological contamination events. This indicated there is a need for better dose-response models that could describe microbial response to contamination events. Overall, TRIGA nuclear reactor offers a unique insight into IR microbiology and provides useful means to study relevant microbial dose-thresholds during and after radiological contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Bratkic
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anze Jazbec
- Reactor Physics Division, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Sonja Lojen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tinkara Tinta
- Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Rok Kostanjsek
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Snoj
- Reactor Physics Division, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Sharma G, Zee PC, Zea L, Curtis PD. Whole genome-scale assessment of gene fitness of Novosphingobium aromaticavorans during spaceflight. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:782. [PMID: 38102595 PMCID: PMC10725011 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In microgravity, bacteria undergo intriguing physiological adaptations. There have been few attempts to assess global bacterial physiological responses to microgravity, with most studies only focusing on a handful of individual systems. This study assessed the fitness of each gene in the genome of the aromatic compound-degrading Alphaproteobacterium Novosphingobium aromaticavorans during growth in spaceflight. This was accomplished using Comparative TnSeq, which involves culturing the same saturating transposon mutagenized library under two different conditions. To assess gene fitness, a novel comparative TnSeq analytical tool was developed, named TnDivA, that is particularly useful in leveraging biological replicates. In this approach, transposon diversity is represented numerically using a modified Shannon diversity index, which was then converted into effective transposon density. This transformation accounts for variability in read distribution between samples, such as cases where reads were dominated by only a few transposon inserts. Effective density values were analyzed using multiple statistical methods, including log2-fold change, least-squares regression analysis, and Welch's t-test. The results obtained across applied statistical methods show a difference in the number of significant genes identified. However, the functional categories of genes important to growth in microgravity showed similar patterns. Lipid metabolism and transport, energy production, transcription, translation, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and transport were shown to have high fitness during spaceflight. This suggests that core metabolic processes, including lipid and secondary metabolism, play an important role adapting to stress and promoting growth in microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, 402 Shoemaker Hall, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Peter C Zee
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, 402 Shoemaker Hall, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Luis Zea
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Patrick D Curtis
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, 402 Shoemaker Hall, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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4
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Di Nicolantonio L, Ferrati M, Cristino M, Peregrina DV, Zannotti M, Vitali LA, Ciancia SI, Giovannetti R, Ferraro S, Zara S, Di Valerio V, Cataldi A, Gigliobianco MR, Censi R, Di Martino P. Evaluation of Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of Extracts from Wine Lees Waste of Matelica’s Verdicchio and Their Applications in Novel Cosmetic Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040816. [PMID: 37107191 PMCID: PMC10135395 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine lees are sediments deposited on the walls and bottom of barrels resulting from wine fermentation and mainly consist of yeasts. Saccharomyces cerevisiae extracts, rich in beneficial components for the skin, have already been used in cosmesis, while wine lees have not been well exploited by the cosmetics industry yet. The aim of this work was the full characterization of the wine lees from Verdicchio’s wine, with the aim to exploit it as a beneficial ingredient in new cosmetic products. After mapping the microbial composition of the sample waste, the parameters for the sonication extraction process were optimized and the physicochemical properties of the extract were analyzed. The efficiency of the aqueous extraction—and in particular the yeast cell lysis necessary for the release of proteins from the cell—was assessed by evaluating cell shape and size, and protein release, under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Bradford’s protein assays. Thus, the total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of the supernatant recovered from native and sonicated lees were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu’s and spectrophotometric assays, respectively. To quantify the heavy metals and highlight the presence of microelements beneficial for the skin, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied. In vitro metabolic activity and cytotoxicity were tested on both HaCat keratinocytes and human gingival fibroblasts, showing that wine lees are safe for skin’s cells. The results show that sonicated lees appear to be more interesting than native ones as a consequence of the release of the active ingredients from the cells. Due to the high antioxidant capacity, content of beneficial elements for skin and an appropriate microbiologic profile, wine lees were included in five new solid cosmetic products and tested for challenge test, compatibility with human skin, sensory analysis, trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) and sebometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Di Nicolantonio
- Cosmetology Laboratory, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Recusol Srl, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Zannotti
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Agostino Vitali
- Microbiology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Sonia Ilaria Ciancia
- Microbiology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Rita Giovannetti
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferraro
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Valerio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Gigliobianco
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/B, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberta Censi
- Cosmetology Laboratory, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Recusol Srl, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Piera Di Martino
- Recusol Srl, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Liu GH, Narsing Rao MP, Liu DQ, Tang R, Chen QQ, Shi H, Liu B, Li WJ, Zhou SG. Cytobacillus citreus sp. nov., isolated from citrus rhizosphere soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 36920836 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and motile strain, designated FJAT-49705T, was isolated from the citrus rhizosphere soil sample. Strain FJAT-49705T grew at 20-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %). Strain FJAT-49705T showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to 'Bacillus dafuensis' FJAT-25496T (99.7 %) and Cytobacillus solani FJAT-18043T (98.0 %). In phylogenetic (based on 16S rRNA gene sequences) and phylogenomic trees (based on 71 bacterial single-copy genes), strain FJAT-49705T clustered with the members of the genus Cytobacillus. MK-7 was the only isoprenoid quinone present. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 36.9 %. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between FJAT-49705T and 'B. dafuensis' FJAT-25496T and C. solani FJAT-18043T were below the cut-off level (95-96 %) recommended as the ANI criterion for interspecies identity. Based on the above results, strain FJAT-49705T represents a novel species of the genus Cytobacillus, for which the name Cytobacillus citreus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-49705T (=CCTCC AB 2019243T= LMG 31580T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hong Liu
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Bio-resources Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Manik Prabhu Narsing Rao
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Ding-Qi Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Rong Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Qian-Qian Chen
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Bio-resources Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Huai Shi
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Bio-resources Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Bio-resources Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Shun-Gui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
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Umiralieva L, Chizhayeva A, Ibraikhan A, Avylov C, Velyamov M. Investigation of the Sanitary State of Air and Refrigeration Equipment of Meat Processing Enterprises in Kazakhstan Using the Method of Metagenomic Analysis. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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7
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Draft Genome Sequences of Various Bacterial Phyla Isolated from the International Space Station. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/17/e00214-21. [PMID: 33927037 PMCID: PMC8086211 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00214-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequences were generated from 96 bacterial strains of 14 species that were isolated from International Space Station surfaces during the Microbial Tracking 2 study. Continued characterization of this closed habitat's microbiome enables tracking of the spread and evolution of secondary pathogens, which is vital for astronaut health. Whole-genome sequences were generated from 96 bacterial strains of 14 species that were isolated from International Space Station surfaces during the Microbial Tracking 2 study. Continued characterization of this closed habitat's microbiome enables tracking of the spread and evolution of secondary pathogens, which is vital for astronaut health.
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Theisinger SM, de Smidt O, Lues JFR. Categorisation of culturable bioaerosols in a fruit juice manufacturing facility. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242969. [PMID: 33882058 PMCID: PMC8059861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioaerosols are defined as aerosols that comprise particles of biological origin or activity that may affect living organisms through infectivity, allergenicity, toxicity, or through pharmacological or other processes. Interest in bioaerosol exposure has increased over the last few decades. Exposure to bioaerosols may cause three major problems in the food industry, namely: (i) contamination of food (spoilage); (ii) allergic reactions in individual consumers; or (iii) infection by means of pathogenic microorganisms present in the aerosol. The aim of this study was to characterise the culturable fraction of bioaerosols in the production environment of a fruit juice manufacturing facility and categorise isolates as harmful, innocuous or potentially beneficial to the industry, personnel and environment. Active sampling was used to collect representative samples of five areas in the facility during peak and off-peak seasons. Areas included the entrance, preparation and mixing area, between production lines, bottle dispersion and filling stations. Microbes were isolated and identified using 16S, 26S or ITS amplicon sequencing. High microbial counts and species diversity were detected in the facility. 239 bacteria, 41 yeasts and 43 moulds were isolated from the air in the production environment. Isolates were categorised into three main groups, namely 27 innocuous, 26 useful and 39 harmful bioaerosols. Harmful bioaerosols belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium and Candida were present. Although innocuous and useful bioaerosols do not negatively influence human health their presence act as an indicator that an ideal environment exists for possible harmful bioaerosols to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirleen M. Theisinger
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olga de Smidt
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jan F. R. Lues
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Milojevic T, Weckwerth W. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Survivability in Outer Space: A Systems Biology Approach. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:923. [PMID: 32499769 PMCID: PMC7242639 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the dawn of space exploration, the survivability of terrestrial life in outer space conditions has attracted enormous attention. Space technology has enabled the development of advanced space exposure facilities to investigate in situ responses of microbial life to the stress conditions of space during interplanetary transfer. Significant progress has been made toward the understanding of the effects of space environmental factors, e.g., microgravity, vacuum and radiation, on microorganisms exposed to real and simulated space conditions. Of extreme importance is not only knowledge of survival potential of space-exposed microorganisms, but also the determination of mechanisms of survival and adaptation of predominant species to the extreme space environment, i.e., revealing the molecular machinery, which elicit microbial survivability and adaptation. Advanced technologies in -omics research have permitted genome-scale studies of molecular alterations of space-exposed microorganisms. A variety of reports show that microorganisms grown in the space environment exhibited global alterations in metabolic functions and gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels. Proteomic, metabolomic and especially metabolic modeling approaches as essential instruments of space microbiology, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering are rather underrepresented. Here we summarized the molecular space-induced alterations of exposed microorganisms in terms of understanding the molecular mechanisms of microbial survival and adaptation to drastic outer space environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Milojevic
- Extremophiles/Space Biochemistry Group, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Patel S, Gupta RS. A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:406-438. [PMID: 31617837 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Bacillus, harbouring 293 species/subspecies, constitutes a phylogenetically incoherent group. In the absence of reliable means for grouping known Bacillus species into distinct clades, restricting the placement of new species into this genus has proven difficult. To clarify the evolutionary relationships among Bacillus species, 352 available genome sequences from the family Bacillaceae were used to perform comprehensive phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses. Four phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on multiple datasets of proteins including 1172 core Bacillaceae proteins, 87 proteins conserved within the phylum Firmicutes, GyrA-GyrB-RpoB-RpoC proteins, and UvrD-PolA proteins. All trees exhibited nearly identical branching of Bacillus species and consistently displayed six novel monophyletic clades encompassing 5-23 Bacillus species (denoted as the Simplex, Firmus, Jeotgali, Niacini, Fastidiosus and Alcalophilus clades), interspersed with other Bacillaceae species. Species from these clades also generally grouped together in 16S rRNA gene trees. In parallel, our comparative genomic analyses of Bacillus species led to the identification of 36 molecular markers comprising conserved signature indels in protein sequences that are specifically shared by the species from these six observed clades, thus reliably demarcating these clades based on multiple molecular synapomorphies. Based on the strong evidence from multiple lines of investigations supporting the existence of these six distinct 'Bacillus' clades, we propose the transfer of species from these clades into six novel Bacillaceae genera viz. Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov. These results represent an important step towards clarifying the phylogeny/taxonomy of the genus Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Radhey S Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
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11
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Seuylemezian A, Ott L, Wolf S, Fragante J, Yip O, Pukall R, Schumann P, Vaishampayan P. Bacillus glennii sp. nov. and Bacillus saganii sp. nov., isolated from the vehicle assembly building at Kennedy Space Center where the Viking spacecraft were assembled. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:71-76. [PMID: 31622233 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, aerobic strains, designated V44-8T and V47-23aT, were isolated from environmental air sampling at the vehicle assembly building at Cape Canaveral, Florida, where the Viking spacecraft were assembled. Growth was observed at pH 7-9 (optimum, pH 9) for strain V44-8T, and pH 5-10 (pH 9) for strain V47-23aT. Both strains displayed growth in 0-5 % NaCl with an optimum at 1 % for strain V44-8T; 0 % for strain V47-23aT. Strains V44-8T and V47-23aT grew optimally at 32 °C, (15-32 °C) and 25 °C (20-45 °C), respectively. The cell wall of both strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. Both strains contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. Strain V47.23aT shared its highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity with Bacillus cavernae DSM-105484T at 96.9%, and V44.8T with Bacillus zeae DSM-103964T at 96.6 %. Based on their phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic position inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, the isolates were identified as being a members of the genus Bacillus that forms a separate clade when compared to close relatives. Average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity values between strains V44-8T and DSM-103964T were 72.1% and 67.5 %; V47-23aT and DSM-105484T were 62.4% and 69.1%, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, genomic and biochemical data, strains V44-8T and V47-23aT represent two novel species in the genus Bacillus for which the names Bacillus glennii sp. nov. [type strain, V44-8T (=ATCC BAA-2860T =DSM 105192T)], and Bacillus saganii sp. nov. [V47-23aT (=ATCC BAA-2861T=DSM 105190T)] are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Seuylemezian
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Logan Ott
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Sarah Wolf
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Jomel Fragante
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Oscar Yip
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Rüdiger Pukall
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Parag Vaishampayan
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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Microscopic Characterization of Biological and Inert Particles Associated with Spacecraft Assembly Cleanroom. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14251. [PMID: 31582832 PMCID: PMC6776515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NASA cleanrooms are certified by particle counts and are humidity-controlled, temperature-regulated, and oligotrophic in nature for assembling spacecraft subsystems. Microorganisms, which are not part of the cleanroom certification metrics, should not be overlooked when assessing the cleanliness of the facility since they can enter through soil or air, shed from humans, adapt to the oligotrophic conditions, and subsequently could contaminate spacecraft. These biogenic particles need to be identified to extend our knowledge of biological contamination for future NASA mission use. This study collected particles from the cleanroom and estimated the distribution of fallout microbial cell and inert dust particles using microscopy and molecular techniques. Aluminum coupon-based polycarbonate filter assemblies were deployed in the spacecraft assembly cleanroom facility to collect fallout particles. Epifluorescence and electron microscopy showed that particles varied in size and structure, and displayed live/dead biological and inert particle signatures from sources that include spores and fungal hyphae. Additionally, correlative epifluorescence and field emission scanning electron microscopy, combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (for elemental compositions) methods, differentiated whether microbes adhering to particles were live/dead cells or inert particles. This visualization approach allowed for the classification of microorganisms as being standalone (free-living) or associated with a particle, as well as its characteristic size. Furthermore, time-course microscopy was used to determine the microbial cell growth and confirm the biological/molecular identification. Routine investigation of cleanroom biological and inert fallout particles will help to determine the biological load of spacecraft components and will also have direct relevance to the pharmaceutical and medical industries. One of the main objectives for NASA’s current and future missions is to prevent forward and back contamination of exploring planets. The goal of this study is to determine the association of microorganisms with the inert, natural cleanroom fallout particles and to ascertain whether microorganisms prefer to adhere to a particle size. A novel microscopy technique was developed, and by utilizing various molecular techniques, particles and associated microbial phylogeny were characterized. An accurate assessment of the microbes associated with cleanroom particles is necessary to protect the health of the people who occupy the room for long duration for aeronautical, medical, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Liu J, Cui X, Liu Z, Guo Z, Yu Z, Yao Q, Sui Y, Jin J, Liu X, Wang G. The Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Cultivable Bacillus-Like Bacteria Across Black Soils of Northeast China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1424. [PMID: 31293554 PMCID: PMC6598460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus-like species are gram-positive bacteria that are ubiquitous in soils. Many of Bacillus-like bacteria are demonstrated as beneficial microbes widely used in industry and agriculture. However, the knowledge related to their diversity and distribution patterns in soils is still rudimentary. In this study, we developed a combined research method of using culture-dependent and high-throughput sequencing to investigate the composition and diversity of cultivable Bacillus-like bacterial communities across 26 soil samples obtained from the black soil zone in northeast China. Nearly all bacterial 16S rDNA sequences were classified into the order Bacillales. Fifteen genera were detected, with Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Brevibacillus being the three most abundant genera. Although more than 2,000 OTUs were obtained across all samples, 33 OTUs were confirmed as the abundant species with a relative abundance over 5% in at least one sample. Pairwise analysis showed that the diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial communities were significantly and positively correlated with soil total carbon contents and soil sampling latitudes, which suggests that a latitudinal gradient diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial communities exists in the black soil zone. The principal coordinates analysis revealed that the Bacillus-like bacterial communities were remarkably affected by soil sampling latitudes and soil total carbon content. In general, this study demonstrated that a distinct biogeographic distribution pattern of cultivable Bacillus-like bacterial communities existed in the black soil zone, which emphasizes that the strategy of local isolation and application of beneficial Bacillus-like strains is rather important in black soil agriculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhuxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaokui Guo
- Institute of Tobacco Science, Heilongjiang Branch, China National Tobacco Corporation, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yueyu Sui
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
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Zammuto V, Fuchs FM, Fiebrandt M, Stapelmann K, Ulrich NJ, Maugeri TL, Pukall R, Gugliandolo C, Moeller R. Comparing Spore Resistance of Bacillus Strains Isolated from Hydrothermal Vents and Spacecraft Assembly Facilities to Environmental Stressors and Decontamination Treatments. ASTROBIOLOGY 2018; 18:1425-1434. [PMID: 30289268 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2017.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Submarine hydrothermal vents are inhabited by a variety of microorganisms capable of tolerating environmental extremes, making them ideal candidates to further expand our knowledge of the limitations for terrestrial life, including their ability to survive the exposure of spaceflight-relevant conditions. The spore resistance of two Bacillus spp. strains, APA and SBP3, isolated from two shallow vents off Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy), to artificial and environmental stressors (i.e., UVC radiation, X-rays, heat, space vacuum, hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], and low-pressure plasma), was compared with that of two close phylogenetic relatives (Bacillus horneckiae and Bacillus oceanisediminis). Additional comparisons were made with Bacillus sp. isolated from spacecraft assembly facilities (B. horneckiae, Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032, and Bacillus nealsonii) and the biodosimetry strain and space microbiology model organism Bacillus subtilis. Overall, a high degree of spore resistance to stressors was observed for the strains isolated from spacecraft assembly facilities, with an exceptional level of resistance seen by B. pumilus SAFR-032. The environmental isolate SBP3 showed a more robust spore resistance to UVC, X-rays, H2O2, dry heat, and space vacuum than the closely related B. horneckiae. Both strains (SBP3 and APA) were more thermotolerant than their relatives, B. horneckiae and B. oceanisediminis, respectively. SBP3 may have a novel use as a bacterial model organism for future interrogations into the potential of forward contamination in extraterrestrial environments (e.g., icy moons of Jupiter or Saturn), spacecraft sterilization and, broadly, microbial responses to spaceflight-relevant environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Zammuto
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Research Center for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Felix M Fuchs
- 2 Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine , German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Fiebrandt
- 3 Biomedical Applications of Plasma Technology, Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Stapelmann
- 3 Biomedical Applications of Plasma Technology, Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum, Germany
| | - Nikea J Ulrich
- 2 Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine , German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
| | - Teresa L Maugeri
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Research Center for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Rüdiger Pukall
- 4 Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures , Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Concetta Gugliandolo
- 1 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Research Center for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Ralf Moeller
- 2 Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine , German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Cologne, Germany
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Silva R, de Almeida DM, Cabral BCA, Dias VHG, Mello ICDTE, Ürményi TP, Woerner AE, Neto RSDM, Budowle B, Nassar CAG. Microbial enrichment and gene functional categories revealed on the walls of a spent fuel pool of a nuclear power plant. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205228. [PMID: 30286173 PMCID: PMC6171911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms developing in the liner of the spent fuel pool (SFP) and the fuel transfer channel (FTC) of a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) can form high radiation resistant biofilms and cause corrosion. Due to difficulties and limitations to obtain large samples from SFP and FTC, cotton swabs were used to collect the biofilm from the wall of these installations. Molecular characterization was performed using massively parallel sequencing to obtain a taxonomic and functional gene classification. Also, samples from the drainage system were evaluated because microorganisms may travel over the 12-meter column of the pool water of the Brazilian Nuclear Power Plant (Angra1), which has been functioning since 1985. Regardless of the treatment of the pool water, our data reveal the unexpected presence of Fungi (Basidiomycota and Ascomycota) as the main contaminators of the SFP and FTC. Ustilaginomycetes (Basidiomycota) was the major class contributor (70%) in the SFP and FTC reflecting the little diversity in these sites; nevertheless, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes (Bacilli) were present in small proportions. Mapping total reads against six fungal reference genomes indicate that there is, in fact, a high abundance of fungal sequences in samples collected from SFP and FTC. Analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 regions and the protein found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, cytochrome b (cytb) grouped our sample fungi in the clade 7 as Ustilago and Pseudozyma. In contrast, in the drainage system, Alphaproteobacteria were present in high abundances (55%). The presence of Sphingopyxis, Mesorhizobium, Erythrobacter, Sphingomonas, Novosphingobium, Sphingobium, Chelativorans, Oceanicaulis, Acidovorax, and Cyanobacteria was observed. Based on genomic annotation data, the assessment of the biological function found a higher proportion of protein-coding sequences related to respiration and protein metabolism in SFP and FTC samples. The knowledge of this biological inventory present in the system may contribute to further studies of potential microorganisms that might be useful for bioremediation of nuclear waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Darcy Muniz de Almeida
- Escola Politécnica & Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Hugo Giordano Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Turán Péter Ürményi
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - August E. Woerner
- Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, United States of America
| | | | - Bruce Budowle
- Center for Human Identification, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, United States of America
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tirumalai MR, Stepanov VG, Wünsche A, Montazari S, Gonzalez RO, Venkateswaran K, Fox GE. Bacillus safensis FO-36b and Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032: a whole genome comparison of two spacecraft assembly facility isolates. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:57. [PMID: 29884123 PMCID: PMC5994023 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus strains producing highly resistant spores have been isolated from cleanrooms and space craft assembly facilities. Organisms that can survive such conditions merit planetary protection concern and if that resistance can be transferred to other organisms, a health concern too. To further efforts to understand these resistances, the complete genome of Bacillus safensis strain FO-36b, which produces spores resistant to peroxide and radiation was determined. The genome was compared to the complete genome of B. pumilus SAFR-032, and the draft genomes of B. safensis JPL-MERTA-8-2 and the type strain B. pumilus ATCC7061T. Additional comparisons were made to 61 draft genomes that have been mostly identified as strains of B. pumilus or B. safensis. Results The FO-36b gene order is essentially the same as that in SAFR-032 and other B. pumilus strains. The annotated genome has 3850 open reading frames and 40 noncoding RNAs and riboswitches. Of these, 307 are not shared by SAFR-032, and 65 are also not shared by MERTA and ATCC7061T. The FO-36b genome has ten unique open reading frames and two phage-like regions, homologous to the Bacillus bacteriophage SPP1 and Brevibacillus phage Jimmer1. Differing remnants of the Jimmer1 phage are found in essentially all B. safensis / B. pumilus strains. Seven unique genes are part of these phage elements. Whole Genome Phylogenetic Analysis of the B. pumilus, B. safensis and other Firmicutes genomes, separate them into three distinct clusters. Two clusters are subgroups of B. pumilus while one houses all the B. safensis strains. The Genome-genome distance analysis and a phylogenetic analysis of gyrA sequences corroborated these results. Conclusions It is not immediately obvious that the presence or absence of any specific gene or combination of genes is responsible for the variations in resistance seen. It is quite possible that distinctions in gene regulation can alter the expression levels of key proteins thereby changing the organism’s resistance properties without gain or loss of a particular gene. What is clear is that phage elements contribute significantly to genome variability. Multiple genome comparison indicates that many strains named as B. pumilus likely belong to the B. safensis group. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1191-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan R Tirumalai
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | - Victor G Stepanov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | - Andrea Wünsche
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | - Saied Montazari
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | - Racquel O Gonzalez
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA
| | - Kasturi Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology & Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - George E Fox
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5001, USA.
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17
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Draft Genome Sequences of Acinetobacter and Bacillus Strains Isolated from Spacecraft-Associated Surfaces. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/6/e01554-17. [PMID: 29439046 PMCID: PMC5805884 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01554-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here the draft genome sequences of four strains isolated from spacecraft-associated surfaces exhibiting increased resistance to stressors such as UV radiation and exposure to H2O2. The draft genomes of strains 1P01SCT, FO-92T, 50v1, and 2P01AA had sizes of 5,500,894 bp, 4,699,376 bp, 3,174,402 bp, and 4,328,804 bp, respectively.
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18
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Fuchs FM, Raguse M, Fiebrandt M, Madela K, Awakowicz P, Laue M, Stapelmann K, Moeller R. Investigating the Detrimental Effects of Low Pressure Plasma Sterilization on the Survival of Bacillus subtilis Spores Using Live Cell Microscopy. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286386 DOI: 10.3791/56666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma sterilization is a promising alternative to conventional sterilization methods for industrial, clinical, and spaceflight purposes. Low pressure plasma (LPP) discharges contain a broad spectrum of active species, which lead to rapid microbial inactivation. To study the efficiency and mechanisms of sterilization by LPP, we use spores of the test organism Bacillus subtilis because of their extraordinary resistance against conventional sterilization procedures. We describe the production of B. subtilis spore monolayers, the sterilization process by low pressure plasma in a double inductively coupled plasma reactor, the characterization of spore morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the analysis of germination and outgrowth of spores by live cell microscopy. A major target of plasma species is genomic material (DNA) and repair of plasma-induced DNA lesions upon spore revival is crucial for survival of the organism. Here, we study the germination capacity of spores and the role of DNA repair during spore germination and outgrowth after treatment with LPP by tracking fluorescently-labelled DNA repair proteins (RecA) with time-resolved confocal fluorescence microscopy. Treated and untreated spore monolayers are activated for germination and visualized with an inverted confocal live cell microscope over time to follow the reaction of individual spores. Our observations reveal that the fraction of germinating and outgrowing spores is dependent on the duration of LPP-treatment reaching a minimum after 120 s. RecA-YFP (yellow fluorescence protein) fluorescence was detected only in few spores and developed in all outgrowing cells with a slight elevation in LPP-treated spores. Moreover, some of the vegetative bacteria derived from LPP-treated spores showed an increase in cytoplasm and tended to lyse. The described methods for analysis of individual spores could be exemplary for the study of other aspects of spore germination and outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Fuchs
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Space Microbiology Research Group, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.)
| | - Marina Raguse
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Space Microbiology Research Group, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.); Institute of Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum; Institute of Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Biomedical Applications of Plasma Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum
| | - Marcel Fiebrandt
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum
| | - Kazimierz Madela
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Robert Koch Institute
| | - Peter Awakowicz
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum
| | - Michael Laue
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Robert Koch Institute
| | - Katharina Stapelmann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Biomedical Applications of Plasma Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Space Microbiology Research Group, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.);
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Koskinen K, Rettberg P, Pukall R, Auerbach A, Wink L, Barczyk S, Perras A, Mahnert A, Margheritis D, Kminek G, Moissl-Eichinger C. Microbial biodiversity assessment of the European Space Agency's ExoMars 2016 mission. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:143. [PMID: 29070062 PMCID: PMC5657055 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ExoMars 2016 mission, consisting of the Trace Gas Orbiter and the Schiaparelli lander, was launched on March 14 2016 from Baikonur, Kazakhstan and reached its destination in October 2016. The Schiaparelli lander was subject to strict requirements for microbial cleanliness according to the obligatory planetary protection policy. To reach the required cleanliness, the ExoMars 2016 flight hardware was assembled in a newly built, biocontrolled cleanroom complex at Thales Alenia Space in Turin, Italy. In this study, we performed microbiological surveys of the cleanroom facilities and the spacecraft hardware before and during the assembly, integration and testing (AIT) activities. METHODS Besides the European Space Agency (ESA) standard bioburden assay, that served as a proxy for the microbiological contamination in general, we performed various alternative cultivation assays and utilised molecular techniques, including quantitative PCR and next generation sequencing, to assess the absolute and relative abundance and broadest diversity of microorganisms and their signatures in the cleanroom and on the spacecraft hardware. RESULTS Our results show that the bioburden, detected microbial contamination and microbial diversity decreased continuously after the cleanroom was decontaminated with more effective cleaning agents and during the ongoing AIT. The studied cleanrooms and change room were occupied by very distinct microbial communities: Overall, the change room harboured a higher number and diversity of microorganisms, including Propionibacterium, which was found to be significantly increased in the change room. In particular, the so called alternative cultivation assays proved important in detecting a broader cultivable diversity than covered by the standard bioburden assay and thus completed the picture on the cleanroom microbiota. CONCLUSION During the whole project, the bioburden stayed at acceptable level and did not raise any concern for the ExoMars 2016 mission. The cleanroom complex at Thales Alenia Space in Turin is an excellent example of how efficient microbiological control is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Koskinen
- Department for Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Rettberg
- Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Pukall
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna Auerbach
- Department for Microbiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Wink
- Department for Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Barczyk
- Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Perras
- Department for Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department for Microbiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mahnert
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Department for Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Liu Y, Li N, Eom MK, Schumann P, Zhang X, Cao Y, Ge Y, Xiao M, Zhao J, Cheng C, Kim SG. Bacillus ciccensis sp. nov., isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:4606-4611. [PMID: 28984568 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated as 5L6T and 6L6, isolated from seeds of hybrid maize (Zea mays L., Jingke 968) were investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The cells were aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were recognized as a species of the genus Bacillus, to which the five closest neighbours are Bacillus solani FJAT-18043T (99.8 % similarity), Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T (97.7 %), Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T (97.4 %), Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T (97.1 %) and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T (97.0 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 5L6T was 37.4 mol%. Its polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c alcohol. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ornithine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine while diaminopimelic acid could not be detected. Strains 5L6T and 6L6 were clearly distinguished from the type strains of related validly named species using phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid analysis, peptidoglycan analysis and comparison of a range of physiological and biochemical characteristics. The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strains 5L6T and 6L6 represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillusciccensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5L6T (=KCTC 33663T=CICC 23855T=DSM 104513T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.,Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Nannan Li
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.,College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Mi Kyung Eom
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Xin Zhang
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Yanhua Cao
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Ming Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - Chi Cheng
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Song-Gun Kim
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsingil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
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Non-Toxin-Producing Bacillus cereus Strains Belonging to the B. anthracis Clade Isolated from the International Space Station. mSystems 2017; 2:mSystems00021-17. [PMID: 28680972 PMCID: PMC5487513 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00021-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Space Station Microbial Observatory (Microbial Tracking-1) study is generating a microbial census of the space station’s surfaces and atmosphere by using advanced molecular microbial community analysis techniques supported by traditional culture-based methods and modern bioinformatic computational modeling. This approach will lead to long-term, multigenerational studies of microbial population dynamics in a closed environment and address key questions, including whether microgravity influences the evolution and genetic modification of microorganisms. The spore-forming Bacillus cereus sensu lato group consists of pathogenic (B. anthracis), food poisoning (B. cereus), and biotechnologically useful (B. thuringiensis) microorganisms; their presence in a closed system such as the ISS might be a concern for the health of crew members. A detailed characterization of these potential pathogens would lead to the development of suitable countermeasures that are needed for long-term future missions and a better understanding of microorganisms associated with space missions. In an ongoing Microbial Observatory investigation of the International Space Station (ISS), 11 Bacillus strains (2 from the Kibo Japanese experimental module, 4 from the U.S. segment, and 5 from the Russian module) were isolated and their whole genomes were sequenced. A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates showed the highest similarity (>99%) to the Bacillus anthracis-B. cereus-B. thuringiensis group. The fatty acid composition, polar lipid profile, peptidoglycan type, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight profiles were consistent with the B. cereus sensu lato group. The phenotypic traits such as motile rods, enterotoxin production, lack of capsule, and resistance to gamma phage/penicillin observed in ISS isolates were not characteristics of B. anthracis. Whole-genome sequence characterizations showed that ISS strains had the plcR non-B. anthracis ancestral “C” allele and lacked anthrax toxin-encoding plasmids pXO1 and pXO2, excluding their identification as B. anthracis. The genetic identities of all 11 ISS isolates characterized via gyrB analyses arbitrarily identified them as members of the B. cereus group, but traditional DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) showed that the ISS isolates are similar to B. anthracis (88% to 90%) but distant from the B. cereus (42%) and B. thuringiensis (48%) type strains. The DDH results were supported by average nucleotide identity (>98.5%) and digital DDH (>86%) analyses. However, the collective phenotypic traits and genomic evidence were the reasons to exclude the ISS isolates from B. anthracis. Nevertheless, multilocus sequence typing and whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism analyses placed these isolates in a clade that is distinct from previously described members of the B. cereus sensu lato group but closely related to B. anthracis. IMPORTANCE The International Space Station Microbial Observatory (Microbial Tracking-1) study is generating a microbial census of the space station’s surfaces and atmosphere by using advanced molecular microbial community analysis techniques supported by traditional culture-based methods and modern bioinformatic computational modeling. This approach will lead to long-term, multigenerational studies of microbial population dynamics in a closed environment and address key questions, including whether microgravity influences the evolution and genetic modification of microorganisms. The spore-forming Bacillus cereus sensu lato group consists of pathogenic (B. anthracis), food poisoning (B. cereus), and biotechnologically useful (B. thuringiensis) microorganisms; their presence in a closed system such as the ISS might be a concern for the health of crew members. A detailed characterization of these potential pathogens would lead to the development of suitable countermeasures that are needed for long-term future missions and a better understanding of microorganisms associated with space missions.
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Mourembou G, Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A, Lekana-Douki J, Fournier PE, Raoult D, Bittar F. Discovery of a new species within Bacillus genus in a stool sample from Gabon: "Bacillus massiliogabonensis" sp. nov. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 15:3-5. [PMID: 27830079 PMCID: PMC5094686 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new bacteria from the human gut using a culturomics method is a novel field of increasing interest in microbiology. Here the main characteristics of "Bacillus massiliogabonensis" strain Marseille P2639, a new Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the stool sample of a healthy 16-year-old Gabonese boy, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Mourembou
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale, Gabon
| | - A. Ndjoyi-Mbiguino
- Département de Microbiologie, Laboratoire national de référence IST/sida, Faculté de Médecine, Gabon
| | - J.B. Lekana-Douki
- Unité de Parasitologie Médicale (UPARAM) CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon
- Département de Parasitologie Mycologie et de Médecine Tropicale, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - P.-E. Fournier
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - D. Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - F. Bittar
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
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Bashir M, Ahmed M, Weinmaier T, Ciobanu D, Ivanova N, Pieber TR, Vaishampayan PA. Functional Metagenomics of Spacecraft Assembly Cleanrooms: Presence of Virulence Factors Associated with Human Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1321. [PMID: 27667984 PMCID: PMC5017214 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Strict planetary protection practices are implemented during spacecraft assembly to prevent inadvertent transfer of earth microorganisms to other planetary bodies. Therefore, spacecraft are assembled in cleanrooms, which undergo strict cleaning and decontamination procedures to reduce total microbial bioburden. We wanted to evaluate if these practices selectively favor survival and growth of hardy microorganisms, such as pathogens. Three geographically distinct cleanrooms were sampled during the assembly of three NASA spacecraft: The Lockheed Martin Aeronautics' Multiple Testing Facility during DAWN, the Kennedy Space Center's Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility (KSC-PHSF) during Phoenix, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Spacecraft Assembly Facility during Mars Science Laboratory. Sample sets were collected from the KSC-PHSF cleanroom at three time points: before arrival of the Phoenix spacecraft, during the assembly and testing of the Phoenix spacecraft, and after removal of the spacecraft from the KSC-PHSF facility. All samples were subjected to metagenomic shotgun sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Strict decontamination procedures had a greater impact on microbial communities than sampling location Samples collected during spacecraft assembly were dominated by Acinetobacter spp. We found pathogens and potential virulence factors, which determine pathogenicity in all the samples tested during this study. Though the relative abundance of pathogens was lowest during the Phoenix assembly, potential virulence factors were higher during assembly compared to before and after assembly, indicating a survival advantage. Decreased phylogenetic and pathogenic diversity indicates that decontamination and preventative measures were effective against the majority of microorganisms and well implemented, however, pathogen abundance still increased over time. Four potential pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Escherichia coli and Legionella pneumophila, and their corresponding virulence factors were present in all cleanroom samples. This is the first functional metagenomics study describing presence of pathogens and their corresponding virulence factors in cleanroom environments. The results of this study should be considered for microbial monitoring of enclosed environments such as schools, homes, hospitals and more isolated habitation such the International Space Station and future manned missions to Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Bashir
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Mahjabeen Ahmed
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic UniversityPomona, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Weinmaier
- Division of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Doina Ciobanu
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Ivanova
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Parag A Vaishampayan
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA
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Abstract
Members of the family Bacillaceae are among the most robust bacteria on Earth, which is mainly due to their ability to form resistant endospores. This trait is believed to be the key factor determining the ecology of these bacteria. However, they also perform fundamental roles in soil ecology (i.e., the cycling of organic matter) and in plant health and growth stimulation (e.g., via suppression of plant pathogens and phosphate solubilization). In this review, we describe the high functional and genetic diversity that is found within the Bacillaceae (a family of low-G+C% Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria), their roles in ecology and in applied sciences related to agriculture. We then pose questions with respect to their ecological behavior, zooming in on the intricate social behavior that is becoming increasingly well characterized for some members of Bacillaceae. Such social behavior, which includes cell-to-cell signaling via quorum sensing or other mechanisms (e.g., the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, toxins, antibiotics and/or surfactants) is a key determinant of their lifestyle and is also believed to drive diversification processes. It is only with a deeper understanding of cell-to-cell interactions that we will be able to understand the ecological and diversification processes of natural populations within the family Bacillaceae. Ultimately, the resulting improvements in understanding will benefit practical efforts to apply representatives of these bacteria in promoting plant growth as well as biological control of plant pathogens.
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25
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Liu B, Liu GH, Sengonca C, Schumann P, Ge CB, Wang JP, Cui WD, Lin NQ. Bacillus solani sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a potato field. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:4066-4071. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain FJAT-18043T, was isolated from a soil sample of a potato field in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. Cells were rods that were catalase-positive and motile by peritrichous flagella. The strain grew at 20–45 °C (optimum 35 °C), at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum pH 9) and with 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FJAT-18043T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited similarities of 97.7, 97.6, 97.2 and 97.2 % with Bacillus eiseniae A1-2T, Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495T, Bacillus gottheilii WCC 4585T and Bacillus purgationiresistens DS22T, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-18043T and B. eiseniae A1-2 T was lower than 70 % (36.1 %). The menaquinone was identified as MK-7 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids detected were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 48.8 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that isolate FJAT-18043T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solani sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-18043T ( = DSM 29501T = CCTCC AB 2014277T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Agricultural Bio-resource Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Guo-Hong Liu
- Agricultural Bio-resource Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Cetin Sengonca
- Institute of Crop Sciences and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166A, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ci-Bin Ge
- Agricultural Bio-resource Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Jie-Ping Wang
- Agricultural Bio-resource Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Cui
- Institute of Applied for Microorganism of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PR China
| | - Nai-Quan Lin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, PR China
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Lin SY, Hameed A, Liu YC, Hsu YH, Lai WA, Yen WS, Young CC. Bacillus formosensis sp. nov., isolated from pesticide wastewater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:3800-3805. [PMID: 28875914 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming rod (designated strain CC-LY275T) was isolated from a pesticide wastewater sample. The isolate grew at a temperature 20-45 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and tolerated NaCl 6 % (w/v). The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus horneckiae (97.1 %) and Bacillus oceanisediminis (96.8 %), respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.9 mol%. Strain CC-LY275T was determined to possess iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as predominant fatty acids. The major polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; menaquinone (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. According to the distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, the name Bacillus formosensis sp. nov. (type strain CC-LY275T = BCRC 80443T = JCM 18448T) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yao Lin
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Asif Hameed
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Liu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Han Hsu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-An Lai
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Shao Yen
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiu-Chung Young
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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27
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Tidjani Alou M, Rathored J, Traore S, Khelaifia S, Michelle C, Brah S, Diallo B, Raoult D, Lagier JC. Bacillus niameyensis sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from human gut. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 8:61-9. [PMID: 27076913 PMCID: PMC4815930 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus niameyensis sp. nov. strain SIT3(T) (= CSUR P1266 = DSM 29725) is the type strain of B. niameyensis sp. nov. This Gram-positive strain was isolated from the digestive flora of a child with kwashiorkor and is a facultative anaerobic rod and a member of the Bacillaceae family. This organism is hereby described alongside its complete genome sequence and annotation. The 4 286 116 bp long genome (one chromosome but no plasmid) contains 4130 protein-coding and 66 RNA genes including five rRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Tidjani Alou
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | - J. Rathored
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | - S.I. Traore
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | - S. Khelaifia
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | - C. Michelle
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | - S. Brah
- Hopital National de Niamey, Niger
| | - B.A. Diallo
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey, Niger
| | - D. Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - J.-C. Lagier
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
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28
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Wei X, Xin D, Xin Y, Zhang H, Wang T, Zhang J. Bacillus depressus sp. nov., isolated from soil of a sunflower field. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 109:13-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bacillus dabaoshanensis sp. nov., a Cr(VI)-tolerant bacterium isolated from heavy-metal-contaminated soil. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:513-20. [PMID: 25603996 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A Cr(VI)-tolerant, Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and facultative anaerobic bacterium, designated as GSS04(T), was isolated from a heavy-metal-contaminated soil. Strain GSS04(T) was Cr(VI)-tolerant with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 600 mg l(-1) and was capable of reducing Cr(VI) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Growth occurred with presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 15-50 °C (optimum 30-37 °C). The main respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. The DNA G+C content was 41.1 mol%. The predominant polar lipid was diphosphatidylglycerol. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest phylogenetic relative was Bacillus shackletonii DSM 18868(T) (97.6 %). The DNA-DNA hybridization between GSS04(T) and its closest relatives revealed low relatedness (<70 %). The results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that strain GSS04(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus dabaoshanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GSS04(T) (=CCTCC AB 2013260(T) = KCTC 33191(T)).
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Vithanage NR, Yeager TR, Jadhav SR, Palombo EA, Datta N. Comparison of identification systems for psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from raw bovine milk. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 189:26-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Liu B, Liu GH, Hu GH, Chen MC. Bacillus mesonae sp. nov., isolated from the root of Mesona chinensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3346-3352. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.059485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped and motile, mildly halotolerant, endospore-forming bacterium, FJAT-13985T, was isolated from the internal tissues of Mesona chinensis root. Strain FJAT-13985T grew at 20–45 °C (optimum 30 °C) and pH 5.7–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl [optimum 1 % (w/v)]. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The cell wall of strain FJAT-13985T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (97.4 %). The major fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C15 : 0 (23.3 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (40.8 %). The DNA G+C content was 41.64 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-13985T is a member of the genus
Bacillus
and is most closely related to
Bacillus drentensis
DSM 15600T (98.4 %),
Bacillus vireti
DSM 15602T (98.2 %) and
Bacillus novalis
DSM 15603T (98.3 %). DNA–DNA hybridization indicated that relatedness between strain FJAT-13985T and its closest relative,
B. drentensis
DSM 15600T, was 36.63 %. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicate that strain FJAT-13985T represents a novel species of the genus
Bacillus
, for which the name
Bacillus
mesonae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-13985T ( = DSM 25968T = CGMCC1.12238T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Agricultural Bio-resource Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Guo-Hong Liu
- Agricultural Bio-resource Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Gui-Hing Hu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Agricultural Bio-resource Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
| | - Mei-Chun Chen
- Agricultural Bio-resource Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The family
Bacillaceae
constitutes a phenotypically diverse and globally ubiquitous assemblage of bacteria. Investigation into how evolution has shaped, and continues to shape, this family has relied on several widely ranging approaches from classical taxonomy, ecological field studies, and evolution in soil microcosms to genomic-scale phylogenetics, laboratory, and directed evolution experiments. One unifying characteristic of the
Bacillaceae
, the endospore, poses unique challenges to answering questions regarding both the calculation of evolutionary rates and claims of extreme longevity in ancient environmental samples.
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Tang J, Yang G, Wen J, Yu Z, Zhou S, Liu Z. Bacillus thermophilum sp. nov., isolated from a microbial fuel cell. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:629-34. [PMID: 24908072 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel thermophilic, Gram-staining positive bacterium, designated DX-2(T), was isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell. Cells of the strain were oxidase positive, catalase positive, facultative anaerobic, motile rods. The isolate grew at 30-60 °C (optimum 50 °C) and pH 5-9 (optimum pH 8-8.5). The pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain DX-2(T) was most closely related to Bacillus fumarioli LMG 17489(T) (96.2 %), B. firmus JCM 2512(T) (96.0 %) and B. foraminis DSM 19613(T) (95.7 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DX-2(T) formed a cluster with B. smithii (95.5 %) and B. infernus (94.9 %). The genomic G+C content of DX-2(T) was 43.7 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acid was iso-C16:0. Based on its phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features, and results of phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified to represent a distinct novel species in the genus Bacillus, and the name proposed is B. thermophilum sp. nov. The type strain is DX-2(T) (=CCTCC AB2012194(T) = KCTC 33128(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
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Venkateswaran K, Vaishampayan P, Benardini JN, Rooney AP, Spry JA. Deposition of extreme-tolerant bacterial strains isolated during different phases of Phoenix spacecraft assembly in a public culture collection. ASTROBIOLOGY 2014; 14:24-26. [PMID: 24392704 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2013.0978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extreme-tolerant bacteria (82 strains; 67 species) isolated during various assembly phases of the Phoenix spacecraft were permanently archived within the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection in Peoria, Illinois. This represents the first microbial collection of spacecraft-associated surfaces within the United States to be deposited into a freely available, government-funded culture collection. Archiving extreme-tolerant microorganisms from NASA mission(s) will provide opportunities for scientists who are involved in exploring microbes that can tolerate extreme conditions.
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35
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Wang YQ, Yuan Y, Yu Z, Yang GQ, Zhou SG. Bacillus borbori sp. Nov., isolated from an electrochemically active biofilm. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:718-24. [PMID: 23896693 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming rod strain, designated DX-4(T), was isolated from an electrochemically active biofilm. Growth occurred at 30-65 °C (optimum 55 °C), at pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5) and with <6 % (w/v) NaCl. Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The main respiratory quinone was MK-7, the predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, and unidentified aminophospholipid, the DNA G+C content was 38.6 mol% and the major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15:0 (38.9 %), iso-C17:0 (30.5 %), iso-C16:0 (5.6 %), and anteiso-C17:0 (5.2 %). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain DX-4(T) is a member of the genus Bacillus. The results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that strain DX-4(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus borbori sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DX-4(T) (= CCTCC AB2012196(T) = KCTC 33103(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qiang Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
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36
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Stapelmann K, Fiebrandt M, Raguse M, Awakowicz P, Reitz G, Moeller R. Utilization of low-pressure plasma to inactivate bacterial spores on stainless steel screws. ASTROBIOLOGY 2013; 13:597-606. [PMID: 23768085 PMCID: PMC3713438 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2012.0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A special focus area of planetary protection is the monitoring, control, and reduction of microbial contaminations that are detected on spacecraft components and hardware during and after assembly. In this study, wild-type spores of Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 (a persistent spacecraft assembly facility isolate) and the laboratory model organism B. subtilis 168 were used to study the effects of low-pressure plasma, with hydrogen alone and in combination with oxygen and evaporated hydrogen peroxide as a process gas, on spore survival, which was determined by a colony formation assay. Spores of B. pumilus SAFR-032 and B. subtilis 168 were deposited with an aseptic technique onto the surface of stainless steel screws to simulate a spore-contaminated spacecraft hardware component, and were subsequently exposed to different plasmas and hydrogen peroxide conditions in a very high frequency capacitively coupled plasma reactor (VHF-CCP) to reduce the spore burden. Spores of the spacecraft isolate B. pumilus SAFR-032 were significantly more resistant to plasma treatment than spores of B. subtilis 168. The use of low-pressure plasma with an additional treatment of evaporated hydrogen peroxide also led to an enhanced spore inactivation that surpassed either single treatment when applied alone, which indicates the potential application of this method as a fast and suitable way to reduce spore-contaminated spacecraft hardware components for planetary protection purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Stapelmann
- Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology (AEPT), Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcel Fiebrandt
- Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology (AEPT), Bochum, Germany
| | - Marina Raguse
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Peter Awakowicz
- Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology (AEPT), Bochum, Germany
| | - Günther Reitz
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Cologne (Köln), Germany
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37
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Tirumalai MR, Rastogi R, Zamani N, O’Bryant Williams E, Allen S, Diouf F, Kwende S, Weinstock GM, Venkateswaran KJ, Fox GE. Candidate genes that may be responsible for the unusual resistances exhibited by Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 spores. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66012. [PMID: 23799069 PMCID: PMC3682946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spores of several Bacillus species, including Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 and B. safensis FO-36b, which were isolated from the spacecraft assembly facility at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, are unusually resistant to UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide. In order to identify candidate genes that might be associated with these resistances, the whole genome of B. pumilus SAFR-032, and the draft genome of B. safensis FO-36b were compared in detail with the very closely related type strain B. pumilus ATCC7061(T). 170 genes are considered characteristic of SAFR-032, because they are absent from both FO-36b and ATCC7061(T). Forty of these SAFR-032 characteristic genes are entirely unique open reading frames. In addition, four genes are unique to the genomes of the resistant SAFR-032 and FO-36b. Fifty three genes involved in spore coat formation, regulation and germination, DNA repair, and peroxide resistance, are missing from all three genomes. The vast majority of these are cleanly deleted from their usual genomic context without any obvious replacement. Several DNA repair and peroxide resistance genes earlier reported to be unique to SAFR-032 are in fact shared with ATCC7061(T) and no longer considered to be promising candidates for association with the elevated resistances. Instead, several SAFR-032 characteristic genes were identified, which along with one or more of the unique SAFR-032 genes may be responsible for the elevated resistances. These new candidates include five genes associated with DNA repair, namely, BPUM_0608 a helicase, BPUM_0652 an ATP binding protein, BPUM_0653 an endonuclease, BPUM_0656 a DNA cytosine-5- methyltransferase, and BPUM_3674 a DNA helicase. Three of these candidate genes are in immediate proximity of two conserved hypothetical proteins, BPUM_0654 and BPUM_0655 that are also absent from both FO-36b and ATCC7061(T). This cluster of five genes is considered to be an especially promising target for future experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan R. Tirumalai
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajat Rastogi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nader Zamani
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elisha O’Bryant Williams
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shamail Allen
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fatma Diouf
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sharon Kwende
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - George M. Weinstock
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kasthuri J. Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology & Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - George E. Fox
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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38
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Yang G, Chen M, Yu Z, Lu Q, Zhou S. Bacillus composti sp. nov. and Bacillus thermophilus sp. nov., two thermophilic, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria isolated from compost. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:3030-3036. [PMID: 23396719 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.049106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel thermophilic bacteria, designated SgZ-9(T) and SgZ-10(T), were isolated from compost. Cells of the two strains were catalase-positive, endospore-forming and Gram-staining-positive rods. Strain SgZ-9(T) was oxidase-positive and non-motile, and strain SgZ-10(T) was oxidase-negative and motile. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity for both strains SgZ-9(T) and SgZ-10(T) was observed with Bacillus fortis (97.5 % and 96.9 %, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SgZ-9(T) formed a cluster with B. fortis R-6514(T) and Bacillus fordii R-7190(T), and SgZ-10(T) formed a cluster with Bacillus farraginis R-6540(T). The DNA-DNA pairing studies showed that SgZ-9(T) displayed 41.6 % and 30.7 % relatedness to the type strains of B. fortis and B. fordii, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains SgZ-9(T) and SgZ-10(T) was 97.2 %, and the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between them was 39.2 %. The DNA G+C content of SgZ-9(T) and SgZ-10(T) was 45.3 and 47.9 mol%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that both strains contained the menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 in SgZ-9(T) and iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 in SgZ-10(T). Based on the phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features, DNA-DNA hybridization with the nearest phylogenetic neighbours and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, the two strains were determined to be two distinct novel species in the genus Bacillus, and the names proposed are Bacillus composti sp. nov. SgZ-9(T) ( = CCTCC AB2012109(T) = KACC 16872(T)) and Bacillus thermophilus sp. nov. SgZ-10(T) (CCTCC AB2012110(T) = KACC 16873(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.,Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Qin Lu
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
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39
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Han L, Yang G, Zhou X, Yang D, Hu P, Lu Q, Zhou S. Bacillus thermocopriae sp. nov., isolated from a compost. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:3024-3029. [PMID: 23396718 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.046953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped strain, designated SgZ-7(T), was isolated from a windrow compost pile and was characterized by means of a polyphasic approach. Growth occurred with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.2) and at 40-60 °C (optimum 50 °C). The main respiratory quinone was MK-7. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 46.6 mol%. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain SgZ-7(T) should be assigned to the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus drentensis LMG 21831(T) (sequence similarity 97.2 %). The result of the DNA-DNA hybridization experiment revealed a low relatedness (27.2 %) between the isolate and B. drentensis LMG 21831(T). The results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses clearly indicated that strain SgZ-7(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus thermocopriae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SgZ-7(T) (= CCTCC AB 2012030(T) = KACC 16700(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchao Han
- Chemistry and Materials Institute, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, PR China.,Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Science, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Guiqin Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Science, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- 101 Research Institute of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing 100070, PR China
| | - Dehui Yang
- 101 Research Institute of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing 100070, PR China
| | - Pei Hu
- Chemistry and Materials Institute, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, PR China
| | - Qin Lu
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Science, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Science, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
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40
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Abstract
The resiliency and adaptive ability of microbial life in real time on Earth relies heavily upon horizontal gene transfer. Based on that knowledge, how likely is earth based microbial life to colonize extraterrestrial targets such as Mars? To address this question, we consider manned and unmanned space exploration, the resident microbiota that is likely to inhabit those vehicles, the adaptive potential of that microbiota in an extraterrestrial setting especially with regards to mobile genetic elements, and the likelihood that Mars like environments could initiate and sustain colonization.
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41
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Gabani P, Copeland E, Chandel AK, Singh OV. Ultraviolet-radiation-resistant isolates revealed cellulose-degrading species ofCellulosimicrobium cellulans(UVP1) andBacillus pumilus(UVP4). Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:395-404. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Gabani
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Bradford; PA; USA
| | - Erin Copeland
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Bradford; PA; USA
| | - Anuj K. Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology; School of Engineering of Lorena; University of São Paulo; Lorena; Brazil
| | - Om V. Singh
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Bradford; PA; USA
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42
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Siefert JL, Souza V, Eguiarte L, Olmedo-Alvarez G. Microbial stowaways: inimitable survivors or hopeless pioneers? ASTROBIOLOGY 2012; 12:710-715. [PMID: 22920519 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2012.0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The resiliency of prokaryotic life has provided colonization across the globe and in the recesses of Earth's most extreme environments. Horizontal gene transfer provides access to a global bank of genetic resources that creates diversity and allows real-time adaptive potential to the clonal prokaryotic world. We assess the likelihood that this Earth-based strategy could provide survival and adaptive potential, in the case of microbial stowaways off Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Siefert
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.
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43
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Seiler H, Wenning M, Schmidt V, Scherer S. Bacillus gottheilii sp. nov., isolated from a pharmaceutical manufacturing site. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 63:867-872. [PMID: 22634699 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.036277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-staining-positive, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated WCC 4585(T), was isolated from a pharmaceutical production line. The organism grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 8 and in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Oval endospores were formed subterminally and terminally in swollen sporangia. The cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) and the genomic DNA G+C content was 38.7 mol%. The major menaquinone was MK-7. The cellular fatty acid profile contained major amounts of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0, and the cellular phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and aminophospholipid. The isolate was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis H2(T), Bacillus infantis SMC 4352-1(T), Bacillus firmus NCIMB 9366(T), Bacillus circulans ATCC 4513(T) and Bacillus horneckiae DSM 23495(T) with which it shared less than 98.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain WCC 4585(T) and five type strains of related species were ≤27 % and sequence similarity values based on groEL sequences were ≤88.7 %. On the basis of the characteristics presented, strain WCC 4585(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Bacillus gottheilii sp. nov. The type strain is WCC 4585(T)( = DSM 23668(T) = CCUG 59876(T) = LMG 25856(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Seiler
- Department of Microbiology (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Mareike Wenning
- Department of Microbiology (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Verena Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Siegfried Scherer
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany.,Department of Microbiology (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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44
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Moeller R, Reitz G, Nicholson The Protect Team WL, Horneck G. Mutagenesis in bacterial spores exposed to space and simulated martian conditions: data from the EXPOSE-E spaceflight experiment PROTECT. ASTROBIOLOGY 2012; 12:457-468. [PMID: 22680692 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2011.0739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As part of the PROTECT experiment of the EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station (ISS), the mutagenic efficiency of space was studied in spores of Bacillus subtilis 168. After 1.5 years' exposure to selected parameters of outer space or simulated martian conditions, the rates of induced mutations to rifampicin resistance (Rif(R)) and sporulation deficiency (Spo(-)) were quantified. In all flight samples, both mutations, Rif(R) and Spo(-), were induced and their rates increased by several orders of magnitude. Extraterrestrial solar UV radiation (>110 nm) as well as simulated martian UV radiation (>200 nm) led to the most pronounced increase (up to nearly 4 orders of magnitude); however, mutations were also induced in flight samples shielded from insolation, which were exposed to the same conditions except solar irradiation. Nucleotide sequencing located the Rif(R) mutations in the rpoB gene encoding the β-subunit of RNA polymerase. Mutations isolated from flight and parallel mission ground reference (MGR) samples were exclusively localized to Cluster I. The 21 Rif(R) mutations isolated from the flight experiment showed all a C to T transition and were all localized to one hotspot: H482Y. In mutants isolated from the MGR, the spectrum was wider with predicted amino acid changes at residues Q469K/L/R, H482D/P/R/Y, and S487L. The data show the unique mutagenic power of space and martian surface conditions as a consequence of DNA injuries induced by solar UV radiation and space vacuum or the low pressure of Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Moeller
- Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Cologne, Germany.
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45
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Seiler H, Schmidt V, Wenning M, Scherer S. Bacillus kochii sp. nov., isolated from foods and a pharmaceuticals manufacturing site. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:1092-1097. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.027771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, catalase-positive, endospore-forming rods, designated WCC 4582T, WCC 4581 and WCC 4583, were isolated from two different food sources and a pharmaceuticals production site. The three isolates were highly similar in their 16S rRNA gene sequences (100 % similarity) and groEL sequences (99.2–100 % similarity), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic fingerprints and other features tested. The isolates were most closely related to
Bacillus horneckiae
; the isolates and the type strain of
B. horneckiae
shared 97.6 % and 89.6 % 16S rRNA gene and groEL sequence similarities, respectively. The organisms grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7 and in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of WCC 4582T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ) and the genomic DNA G+C content was 36.4 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain WCC 4582T and
B. horneckiae
NRRL B-59162T was 17 %. The three isolates are considered to represent a novel species of the genus
Bacillus
, for which the name Bacillus kochii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WCC 4582T ( = DSM 23667T = CCUG 59877T = LMG 25855T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Seiler
- Department of Microbiology (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Verena Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Mareike Wenning
- Department of Microbiology (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Siegfried Scherer
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
- Department of Microbiology (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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46
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Vaz-Moreira I, Figueira V, Lopes AR, Lobo-da-Cunha A, Spröer C, Schumann P, Nunes OC, Manaia CM. Bacillus purgationiresistans sp. nov., isolated from a drinking-water treatment plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:71-77. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.028605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, endospore-forming rod, designated DS22T, was isolated from a drinking-water treatment plant. Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth occurred at 15–37 °C, at pH 7–10 and with <8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum growth: 30 °C, pH 7–8 and 1–3 % NaCl). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7, the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.5 mol% and the cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain DS22T was a member of the genus Bacillus. Its closest phylogenetic neighbours were Bacillus horneckiae NRRL B-59162T (98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Bacillus oceanisediminis H2T (97.9 %), Bacillus infantis SMC 4352-1T (97.4 %), Bacillus firmus IAM 12464T (96.8 %) and Bacillus muralis LMG 20238T (96.8 %). DNA–DNA hybridization, and biochemical and physiological characterization allowed the differentiation of strain DS22T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. The data supports the proposal of a novel species, Bacillus purgationiresistans sp. nov.; the type strain is DS22T ( = DSM 23494T = NRRL B-59432T = LMG 25783T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone Vaz-Moreira
- LEPAE – Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- CBQF – Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Figueira
- CBQF – Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Lopes
- LEPAE – Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- DSMZ – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Schumann
- DSMZ – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Olga C. Nunes
- LEPAE – Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia M. Manaia
- CBQF – Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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47
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Hong SW, Park JM, Kim SJ, Chung KS. Bacillus eiseniae sp. nov., a swarming, moderately halotolerant bacterium isolated from the intestinal tract of an earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 62:2077-2083. [PMID: 22021583 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.034892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A swarming and moderately halotolerant bacterium, designated strain A1-2(T), was isolated from the intestinal tract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida L. Cells were endospore-forming rods that were facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and motile by peritrichous flagella. The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0, and could grow with up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain A1-2(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.8, 96.0, 96.0, 96.4 and 96.7 % with Bacillus drentensis LMG 21831(T), B. horneckiae PT-45(T), B. niacini BAC 1015, B. infantis SMC 4352-1(T) and B. shackletonii LMG 18435(T), respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness values between the isolate and the reference strains were ≤ 38.3 %. The DNA G+C content of strain A1-2(T) was 38.5 mol%. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) (51.5 %) and anteiso-C(15 : 0) (29.6 %) and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics, it is concluded that strain A1-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus eiseniae sp. nov. The type strain is A1-2(T) (= KCCM 90092(T) = JCM 16993(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Hong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Park
- Korean Culture Centre of Microorganisms (KCCM), Seoul 120-091, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Sub Chung
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Republic of Korea
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Singh O, Gabani P. Extremophiles: radiation resistance microbial reserves and therapeutic implications. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:851-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen YG, Zhang YQ, He JW, Klenk HP, Xiao JQ, Zhu HY, Tang SK, Li WJ. Bacillus hemicentroti sp. nov., a moderate halophile isolated from a sea urchin. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:2950-2955. [PMID: 21278416 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.026732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-staining-positive, moderately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic, non-motile, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic rod, designated JSM 076093(T), was isolated from a sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) collected from Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. Growth occurred with 0.5-25% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5-8%) and at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 8.0) and 5-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C). meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 and the polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phospholipid. The major cellular fatty acids (>10% of the total) were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0), iso-C(16:0) and iso-C(14:0). The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 076093(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus and was related most closely to Bacillus hwajinpoensis SW-72(T) (99.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Bacillus algicola KMM 3737(T) (97.3%). The combination of results from the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization supported the conclusion that strain JSM 076093(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus hemicentroti sp. nov. is proposed, with JSM 076093(T) (=DSM 23007(T)=KCTC 13710(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Guang Chen
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jian-Wu He
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jian-Qing Xiao
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Hong-Yi Zhu
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
| | - Shu-Kun Tang
- The Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, PR China, and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.,The Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, PR China, and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
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Zhang L, Wu GL, Wang Y, Dai J, Fang CX. Bacillus deserti sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the desert of Xinjiang, China. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 99:221-9. [PMID: 20582469 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile and spore-forming bacterium, designated ZLD-8(T), was isolated from a desert soil sample collected from Xinjiang Province in north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. This isolate grew optimally at 30°C and pH 7.0. It grew with 0-4% NaCl (optimum, 0-1%). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain ZLD-8(T) was closely related to members of the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bacillus kribbensis DSM 17871(T) (98.0%). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to other Bacillus species with validly published names were less than 96.3%. The DNA G + C content of strain ZLD-8(T) was 40.1 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids (>5% of total fatty acids) were anteiso-C15:0 (39.56%), iso-C14:0 (25.69%), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (10.13%) and iso-C15:0 (5.27%). These chemotaxonomic results supported the affiliation of strain ZLD-8(T) to the genus Bacillus. However, low DNA-DNA relatedness values and distinguishing phenotypic characteristics allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain ZLD-8(T) from recognized Bacillus species. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented, strain ZLD-8(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZLD-8(T) (=CCTCC AB 207173(T) = KCTC 13246(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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