1
|
Fang S, Wu J, Niu W, Zhang T, Hong T, Zhang H, Zhan X. Sialylation of dietary mucin modulate its digestibility and the gut microbiota of elderly individuals. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114246. [PMID: 38609225 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Food-derived mucins are glycoproteins rich in sialic acid, but their digestive properties and potential health benefits for humans have been scarcely investigated. In this work, ovomucin (OVM, rich in N-acetylneuraminic acid, about 3 %), porcine small intestinal mucin (PSIM, rich in N-glycolylneuraminic acid, about 1 %), the desialylated OVM (AOVM) and the desialylated PSIM (APSIM) were selected to examine their digestion and their impact on the gut microbiota of elderly individuals. The results shown that, the proportion of low-molecular-weight proteins increased after simulated digestion of these four mucins, with concomitant comparable antioxidant activity observed. Desialylation markedly increased the degradation and digestion rate of mucins. In vitro fecal fermentation was conducted with these mucins using fecal samples from individuals of different age groups: young, low-age and high-age elderly. Fecal fermentation with mucin digestive solution stimulated the production of organic acids in the group with fecal sample of the elderly individuals. Among them, the OVM group demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. The OVM and APSIM groups elevated the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while diminishing the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella. Conversely, the probiotic effects of AOVM and PSIM were attenuated or even exhibited adverse effects. Hence, mucins originating from different sources and possessing distinct glycosylation patterns exhibit diverse biological functions. Our findings can offer valuable insights for developing a well-balanced and nutritious diet tailored to the elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Fang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wenxuan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tiantian Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao S, Lau R, Zhong Y, Chen MH. Lactate cross-feeding between Bifidobacterium species and Megasphaera indica contributes to butyrate formation in the human colonic environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0101923. [PMID: 38126785 PMCID: PMC10807433 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01019-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, a physiologically active molecule, can be synthesized through metabolic interactions among colonic microorganisms. Previously, in a fermenting trial of human fecal microbiota, we observed that the butyrogenic effect positively correlated with the increasing Bifidobacterium population and an unidentified Megasphaera species. Therefore, we hypothesized that a cross-feeding phenomenon exists between Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera, where Megasphaera is the butyrate producer, and its growth relies on the metabolites generated by Bifidobacterium. To validate this hypothesis, three bacterial species (B. longum, B. pseudocatenulatum, and M. indica) were isolated from fecal cultures fermenting hydrolyzed xylan; pairwise cocultures were conducted between the Bifidobacterium and M. indica isolates; the microbial interactions were determined based on bacterial genome information, cell growth, substrate consumption, metabolite quantification, and metatranscriptomics. The results indicated that two Bifidobacterium isolates contained distinct gene clusters for xylan utilization and expressed varying substrate preferences. In contrast, M. indica alone scarcely grew on the xylose-based substrates. The growth of M. indica was significantly elevated by coculturing it with bifidobacteria, while the two Bifidobacterium species responded differently in the kinetics of cell growth and substrate consumption. Coculturing led to the depletion of lactate and increased the formation of butyrate. An RNA-seq analysis further revealed the upregulation of M. indica genes involved in the lactate utilization and butyrate formation pathways. We concluded that lactate generated by Bifidobacterium through catabolizing xylose fueled the growth of M. indica and triggered the synthesis of butyrate. Our findings demonstrated a novel cross-feeding mechanism to generate butyrate in the human colon.IMPORTANCEButyrate is an important short-chain fatty acid that is produced in the human colon through microbial fermentation. Although many butyrate-producing bacteria exhibit a limited capacity to degrade nondigestible food materials, butyrate can be formed through cross-feeding microbial metabolites, such as acetate or lactate. Previously, the literature has explicated the butyrate-forming links between Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and between Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium rectale. In this study, we provided an alternative butyrate synthetic pathway through the interaction between Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera indica. M. indica is a species named in 2014 and is indigenous to the human intestinal tract. Scientific studies explaining the function of M. indica in the human colon are still limited. Our results show that M. indica proliferated based on the lactate generated by bifidobacteria and produced butyrate as its end metabolic product. The pathways identified here may contribute to understanding butyrate formation in the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Lau
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming-Hsu Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cabral LDS, Weimer PJ. Megasphaera elsdenii: Its Role in Ruminant Nutrition and Its Potential Industrial Application for Organic Acid Biosynthesis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:219. [PMID: 38276203 PMCID: PMC10819428 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii was first isolated from the rumen in 1953 and is common in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Its ability to use either lactate or glucose as its major energy sources for growth has been well documented, although it can also ferment amino acids into ammonia and branched-chain fatty acids, which are growth factors for other bacteria. The ruminal abundance of M. elsdenii usually increases in animals fed grain-based diets due to its ability to use lactate (the product of rapid ruminal sugar fermentation), especially at a low ruminal pH (<5.5). M. elsdenii has been proposed as a potential dietary probiotic to prevent ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle and high-producing dairy cows. However, this bacterium has also been associated with milk fat depression (MFD) in dairy cows, although proving a causative role has remained elusive. This review summarizes the unique physiology of this intriguing bacterium and its functional role in the ruminal community as well as its role in the health and productivity of the host animal. In addition to its effects in the rumen, the ability of M. elsdenii to produce C2-C7 carboxylic acids-potential precursors for industrial fuel and chemical production-is examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano da Silva Cabral
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Extension, Agronomy and Animal Science School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 780600-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil;
| | - Paul J. Weimer
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nuid M, Aris A, Krishnen R, Chelliapan S, Muda K. Pineapple wastewater as co-substrate in treating real alkaline, non-biodegradable textile wastewater using biogranulation technology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118501. [PMID: 37418913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was to develop biogranules using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and to evaluate the effect of pineapple wastewater (PW) as a co-substrate for treating real textile wastewater (RTW). The biogranular system cycle was 24 h (2 stages of phase), with an anaerobic phase (17.8 h) followed by an aerobic phase (5.8 h) for every stage of the phase. The concentration of pineapple wastewater was the main factor studied in influencing COD and color removal efficiency. Pineapple wastewater with different concentrations (7, 5, 4, 3, and 0% v/v) makes a total volume of 3 L and causes the OLRs to vary from 2.90 to 0.23 kg COD/m3day. The system achieved 55% of average color removal and 88% of average COD removal at 7%v/v PW concentration during treatment. With the addition of PW, the removal increased significantly. The experiment on the treatment of RTW without any added nutrients proved the importance of co-substrate in dye degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nuid
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Aris
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Ranjeni Krishnen
- Bactiguard South East Asia SDN. BHD., 308b, Jalan Perindustrian Bukit Minyak 18, Penang Science Park, 14100 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security, Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Engineering and Technology, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Khalida Muda
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nagara Y, Fujii D, Takada T, Sato-Yamazaki M, Odani T, Oishi K. Selective induction of human gut-associated acetogenic/butyrogenic microbiota based on specific microbial colonization of indigestible starch granules. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1502-1511. [PMID: 35115640 PMCID: PMC9123178 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of individualized responses is one of biggest challenges in dietary intervention to modulate human gut microbiota. Bacterial interspecies competition for dietary factors should underlie the inter-subject heterogeneity of microbial responses. Microscale localization of bacterial species around intestinal food structures could provide direct evidence for understanding this, however, little information is currently available. Here we analyzed human fecal sections and found multiple types of bacterial colonization of food structures. The most eminent one was dense and frequent colonization of starch granules by Bifidobacterium adolescentis. After intake of raw potato starch (pSt), B. adolescentis dramatically increased in every carrier of the species, accompanied by an increase in bifidobacterial metabolite acetate. In the other subjects, Eubacterium rectale and its metabolite butyrate increased, but it was suppressed in B. adolescentis carriers. A correlation analysis indicated the contribution of these species to respective metabolites. In vitro analyses of isolates of major gut bacterial species confirmed that these species are major colonizers of pSt and that B. adolescentis can colonize pSt even in the presence of the known starch granule-degrading bacterium Ruminococcus bromii. Collectively, we propose that specific binding of B. adolescentis or E. rectale to pSt selectively induces acetogenic or butyrogenic response of gut microbiota, where the former determines the response of the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nagara
- Microbiological Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Daichi Fujii
- Microbiological Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takada
- Microbiological Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sato-Yamazaki
- Microbiological Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Odani
- Microbiological Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Oishi
- Microbiological Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Yin Y. Biological production of medium-chain carboxylates through chain elongation: An overview. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107882. [PMID: 34871718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Medium chain carboxylates (MCCs) have wide applications in various industries, but the traditional MCCs production methods are costly and unsustainable. Anaerobic fermentation offers a more scalable, economical and eco-friendly platform for producing MCCs through chain elongation which converts short chain carboxylates and electron donor into more valuable MCCs. However, the underlying microbial pathways are not well understood. In this review, biological production of MCCs through chain elongation is introduced elaborately, including the metabolic pathways, electron donor and substrates, microorganisms and influencing factors. Then, the strategies for enhancing MCCs production are extensively analyzed and summarized, along with the technologies for MCCs separation from the fermentation broth. Finally, challenges and perspectives concerning the large-scale MCCs production are proposed, providing suggestions for the future research. Extensive review demonstrated that anaerobic fermentation has great potential in achieving economical and sustainable MCCs production from complex organic substrates, including organic waste streams, which would significantly broaden the application of MCCs, especially in the renewable energy field. An interdisciplinary approach with knowledge from microbiology and biochemistry to chemical separations and environmental engineering is required to use this promising technology as a valorization method for converting organic biomass or organic wastes into valuable MCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Yanan Yin
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Microbial Ecological Mechanism for Long-Term Production of High Concentrations of n-Caproate via Lactate-Driven Chain Elongation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.03075-20. [PMID: 33741616 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03075-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate-driven chain elongation (LCE) has emerged as a new biotechnology to upgrade organic waste streams into a valuable biochemical and fuel precursor, medium-chain carboxylate, n-caproate. Considering that a low cost of downstream extraction is critical for biorefinery technology, a high concentration of n-caproate production is very important to improve the scale-up of the LCE process. We report here that in a nonsterile open environment, the n-caproate concentration was increased from the previous record of 25.7 g·liter-1 to a new high level of 33.7 g·liter-1 (76.8 g chemical oxygen demand [COD]·liter - 1), with the highest production rate being 11.5 g·liter-1·day-1 (26.2 g COD·liter - 1·day-1). In addition, the LCE process remained stable, with an average concentration of n-caproate production of 20.2 ± 5.62 g·liter-1 (46.1 ± 12.8 g COD·liter - 1) for 780 days. Dynamic changes in taxonomic composition integrated with metagenomic data reveal the microbial ecology for long-term production of high concentrations of n-caproate: (i) the core microbiome is related to efficient functional groups, such as Ruminococcaceae (with functional strain CPB6); (ii) the core bacteria can maintain stability for long-term operation; (iii) the microbial network has relatively low microbe-microbe interaction strength; and (iv) low relative abundance and variety of competitors. The network structure could be shaped by hydraulic retention time (HRT) over time, and long-term operation at an HRT of 8 days displayed higher efficacy.IMPORTANCE Our research revealed the microbial network of the LCE reactor microbiome for n-caproate production at high concentrations, which will provide a foundation for designing or engineering the LCE reactor microbiome to recover n-caproate from organic waste streams in the future. In addition, the hypothetical model of the reactor microbiome that we proposed may offer guidance for researchers to find the underlying microbial mechanism when they encounter low-efficiency n-caproate production from the LCE process. We anticipate that our research will rapidly advance LCE biotechnology with the goal of promoting the sustainable development of human society.
Collapse
|
8
|
Srinivasan S, Beamer MA, Fiedler TL, Austin MN, Sizova MV, Strenk SM, Agnew KJ, Gowda GAN, Raftery D, Epstein SS, Fredricks DN, Hillier SL. Megasphaera lornae sp. nov., Megasphaera hutchinsoni sp. nov., and Megasphaera vaginalis sp. nov.: novel bacteria isolated from the female genital tract. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33616513 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Six strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria representing three novel species were isolated from the female reproductive tract. The proposed type strains for each species were designated UPII 199-6T, KA00182T and BV3C16-1T. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the bacterial isolates were members of the genus Megasphaera. UPII 199-6T and KA00182T had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of 99.9 % with 16S rRNA clone sequences previously amplified from the human vagina designated as Megasphaera type 1 and Megasphaera type 2, members of the human vaginal microbiota associated with bacterial vaginosis, preterm birth and HIV acquisition. UPII 199-6T exhibited sequence identities ranging from 92.9 to 93.6 % with validly named Megasphaera isolates and KA00182T had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities ranging from 92.6-94.2 %. BV3C16-1T was most closely related to Megasphaera cerevisiae with a 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 95.4 %. Cells were coccoid or diplococcoid, non-motile and did not form spores. Genital tract isolates metabolized organic acids but were asaccharolytic. The isolates also metabolized amino acids. The DNA G+C content for the genome sequences of UPII 199-6T, KA00182T and BV3C16-1T were 46.4, 38.9 and 49.8 mol%, respectively. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity between the genital tract isolates and other validly named Megasphaera species suggest that each isolate type represents a new species. The major fatty acid methyl esters include the following: C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethyl acetal (DMA) and summed feature 5 (C15 : 0 DMA and/or C14 : 0 3-OH) in UPII 199-6T; C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 cis 9 in KA00182T; C12 : 0; C14 : 0 3-OH; and summed feature 5 in BV3C16-1T. The isolates produced butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate but there were specific differences including production of formate and propionate. Together, these data indicate that UPII 199-6T, KA00182T and BV3C16-1T represent novel species within the genus Megasphaera. We propose the following names: Megasphaera lornae sp. nov. for UPII 199-6T representing the type strain of this species (=DSM 111201T=ATCC TSD-205T), Megasphaera hutchinsoni sp. nov. for KA00182T representing the type strain of this species (=DSM 111202T=ATCC TSD-206T) and Megasphaera vaginalis sp. nov. for BV3C16-1T representing the type strain of this species (=DSM 111203T=ATCC TSD-207T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - May A Beamer
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina L Fiedler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Maria V Sizova
- Present address: Evelo Biosciences, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan M Strenk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathy J Agnew
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G A Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center and Mitochondrial and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Northwest Metabolomics Research Center and Mitochondrial and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Slava S Epstein
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David N Fredricks
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon L Hillier
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cortez RV, Moreira LN, Padilha M, Bibas MD, Toma RK, Porta G, Taddei CR. Gut Microbiome of Children and Adolescents With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Association With Ulcerative Colitis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:598152. [PMID: 33613519 PMCID: PMC7893080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies reported the relation of intestinal microbiome composition and diversity in pediatric patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In this cross-sectional study, we selected patients younger than 19 years old from the pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital to describe the intestinal microbiome of pediatric patients with PSC associated or not to UC. Patients were divided in PSC, PSC+UC, and UC diagnosis. A stool sample was collected from each patient (n=30) and from a healthy relative/neighbor (n=23). The microbiome composition was assessed using MiSeq (Illumina) platform. Differences in microbial composition were found between PSC and PSC+UC groups. The relative abundance of Veillonella and Megasphaera genera were increased depending on patients’ age at diagnosis. Veillonella was also increased in patients who were in an active status of the disease. Both genera were positively correlated to total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase. As a conclusion, the disease, the age and the disease activity status seem to influence the intestinal microbiome, highlighting the difference of intestinal microbiome profile for patients depending on age at diagnosis. We also showed an increase of Veillonella in patients with PSC and PSC+UC, and a positive correlation of dysbiosis and higher gamma-glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin in PSC+UC patients. Our findings are promising in the diagnosis, prognosis, and future therapeutic perspectives for PSC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon V Cortez
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana N Moreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Padilha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana D Bibas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Child Institute, ICR-HC/FM, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo K Toma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Child Institute, ICR-HC/FM, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilda Porta
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Hospital Sirio Libanes/Hospital Municipal Infantil Menino Jesus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla R Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Esquivel-Elizondo S, Bağcı C, Temovska M, Jeon BS, Bessarab I, Williams RBH, Huson DH, Angenent LT. The Isolate Caproiciproducens sp. 7D4C2 Produces n-Caproate at Mildly Acidic Conditions From Hexoses: Genome and rBOX Comparison With Related Strains and Chain-Elongating Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:594524. [PMID: 33584563 PMCID: PMC7873966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.594524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk production of medium-chain carboxylates (MCCs) with 6-12 carbon atoms is of great interest to biotechnology. Open cultures (e.g., reactor microbiomes) have been utilized to generate MCCs in bioreactors. When in-line MCC extraction and prevention of product inhibition is required, the bioreactors have been operated at mildly acidic pH (5.0-5.5). However, model chain-elongating bacteria grow optimally at neutral pH values. Here, we isolated a chain-elongating bacterium (strain 7D4C2) that grows at mildly acidic pH. We studied its metabolism and compared its whole genome and the reverse β-oxidation (rBOX) genes to other bacteria. Strain 7D4C2 produces lactate, acetate, n-butyrate, n-caproate, biomass, and H2/CO2 from hexoses. With only fructose as substrate (pH 5.5), the maximum n-caproate specificity (i.e., products per other carboxylates produced) was 60.9 ± 1.5%. However, this was considerably higher at 83.1 ± 0.44% when both fructose and n-butyrate (electron acceptor) were combined as a substrate. A comparison of 7D4C2 cultures with fructose and n-butyrate with an increasing pH value from 4.5 to 9.0 showed a decreasing n-caproate specificity from ∼92% at mildly acidic pH (pH 4.5-5.0) to ∼24% at alkaline pH (pH 9.0). Moreover, when carboxylates were extracted from the broth (undissociated n-caproic acid was ∼0.3 mM), the n-caproate selectivity (i.e., product per substrate fed) was 42.6 ± 19.0% higher compared to 7D4C2 cultures without extraction. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain 7D4C2 is most closely related to the isolates Caproicibacter fermentans (99.5%) and Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans (94.7%), which are chain-elongating bacteria that are also capable of lactate production. Whole-genome analyses indicate that strain 7D4C2, C. fermentans, and C. galactitolivorans belong to the same genus of Caproiciproducens. Their rBOX genes are conserved and located next to each other, forming a gene cluster, which is different than for other chain-elongating bacteria such as Megasphaera spp. In conclusion, Caproiciproducens spp., comprising strain 7D4C2, C. fermentans, C. galactitolivorans, and several unclassified strains, are chain-elongating bacteria that encode a highly conserved rBOX gene cluster. Caproiciproducens sp. 7D4C2 (DSM 110548) was studied here to understand n-caproate production better at mildly acidic pH within microbiomes and has the additional potential as a pure-culture production strain to convert sugars into n-caproate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Esquivel-Elizondo
- AG Angenent, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society (MPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caner Bağcı
- Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School “From Molecules to Organisms”, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Temovska
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Byoung Seung Jeon
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Bessarab
- Integrative Analysis Unit, Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rohan B. H. Williams
- Integrative Analysis Unit, Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel H. Huson
- Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Integrative Analysis Unit, Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Largus T. Angenent
- AG Angenent, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society (MPG), Tübingen, Germany
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma H, Lin Y, Jin Y, Gao M, Li H, Wang Q, Ge S, Cai L, Huang Z, Van Le Q, Xia C. Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on chain elongation of saccharified residue from food waste by anaerobic fermentation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115936. [PMID: 33158614 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Converting biowaste into value-added products has raised the researchers' interests. In this study, bioconversion was applied to produce chain acids from food waste by anaerobic fermentation. To improve the caproic acid production, different pretreatments (i.e., ultrasonic, hydrothermal, and alkaline-thermal) were used for investigating their effects on the acidogenic production and microbial communities. The results showed that ultrasonic and hydrothermal pretreatments (207.8 and 210.1 mg COD/g VS, respectively) were very efficient for enhancing the caproic acid production, compared to the alkaline-thermal pretreated samples and control samples (72.6 and 97.5 mg COD/g VS, respectively). The ultrasonic pretreatment was beneficial for reducing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during the caproic acid production, resulting in converting more lactic acid to caproic acid by adding the hydrothermal pretreatment. The microbial community analysis showed that the acidogenic bacteria Caproiciproducens dominated the fermentation in this bioconversion process of food waste into chain acids. The Caproiciproducens mainly degraded the proteins and carbohydrates from the saccharified residues of food waste to produce caproic acids through chain elongation procedure. The investigation and optimized method may help develop the bioconversion technology for producing VFAs products from food wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yujia Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongai Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shengbo Ge
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Liping Cai
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Changlei Xia
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gio-Batta M, Sjöberg F, Jonsson K, Barman M, Lundell AC, Adlerberth I, Hesselmar B, Sandberg AS, Wold AE. Fecal short chain fatty acids in children living on farms and a link between valeric acid and protection from eczema. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22449. [PMID: 33384449 PMCID: PMC7775451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children growing up on farms have low rates of allergy, but the mechanism for this protective effect has not been fully elucidated. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota may play a role in protection from allergy. We measured fecal SCFA levels in samples collected from 28 farming and 37 control children over the first 3 years of life using gas chromatography. Data on diet and other host factors were recorded and allergy was diagnosed at 8 years of age. Among all children, median propionic and butyric acid concentration increased over the first 3 years, and longer SCFAs typically appeared by 1 year of age. Farm children had higher levels of iso-butyric, iso-valeric and valeric acid at 3 years of age than rural controls. In addition, children with elder siblings had higher levels of valeric acid at 3 years of age, and dietary factors also affected SCFA pattern. High levels of valeric acid at 3 years of age were associated with low rate of eczema at 8 years of age. The fecal SCFA pattern in farm children suggests a more rapid maturation of the gut microbiota. Valeric acid or associated microbes may have protective potential against eczema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gio-Batta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Fei Sjöberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Jonsson
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Barman
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Adlerberth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bill Hesselmar
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Candry P, Radić L, Favere J, Carvajal-Arroyo JM, Rabaey K, Ganigué R. Mildly acidic pH selects for chain elongation to caproic acid over alternative pathways during lactic acid fermentation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116396. [PMID: 32920334 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-rich waste streams can be used for bioproduction of medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) such as caproic acid. The carbohydrates in these streams can be converted to lactic acid as the initial fermentation product, which can then be fermented to MCCA by chain elongation. In this process, chain elongators compete for lactic acid with other bacterial groups that, for instance, ferment lactic acid to propionic and acetic acid. Understanding the drivers that control the competition between these two pathways is essential to maximizing MCCA production. This study aimed to investigate the competition between chain elongating and propionic acid producing organisms as a function of operational pH. Operation of long-term lactic acid fermenting reactors with varying pH values showed that pH values above 6 resulted in a propionic acid producing community dominated by Veillonella and Aminobacterium. At pH values below 6, the community moved towards chain elongation, with communities dominated by Caproiciproducens. Short-term incubations showed that rates of lactic acid consumption were strongly reduced at pH below 6 (7.7 ± 1.2 mM lactic acid·h-1 at pH 6.5; 0.74 ± 0.33 mM lactic acid·h-1 at pH 5.5). Similar to observations in long-term reactors, when a chain elongating community adapted to pH 5.5 was used for short-term incubations at pH 6.5, propionic acid was the dominant product. The results of this study show that pH below 6 stimulate lactic acid chain elongators through kinetic effects, and potentially improved energetics, providing a tool for microbial management of MCCA-producing systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Candry
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ljubomir Radić
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorien Favere
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jose Maria Carvajal-Arroyo
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; CAPTURE (www.capture-resources.be), Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ramon Ganigué
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; CAPTURE (www.capture-resources.be), Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Te Pas MFW, Jansman AJM, Kruijt L, van der Meer Y, Vervoort JJM, Schokker D. Sanitary Conditions Affect the Colonic Microbiome and the Colonic and Systemic Metabolome of Female Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:585730. [PMID: 33195612 PMCID: PMC7649119 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.585730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in sanitary conditions, as model to induce differences in subclinical immune stimulation, affect the growth performance and nutrient metabolism in pigs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the colonic microbiota and the colonic and systemic metabolome of female pigs differing in health status induced by sanitary conditions. We analyzed blood and colon digesta metabolite profiles using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, as well as colonic microbiota profiles. 1H NMR is a quantitative metabolomics technique applicable to biological samples. Weaned piglets of 4 weeks of age were kept under high or low sanitary conditions for the first 9 weeks of life. The microbiota diversity in colon digesta was higher in pigs subjected to low sanitary conditions (n = 18 per treatment group). The abundance of 34 bacterial genera was higher in colon digesta of low sanitary condition pigs, while colon digesta of high sanitary status pigs showed a higher abundance for four bacterial groups including the Megasphaera genus (p < 0.003) involved in lactate fermentation. Metabolite profiles (n = 18 per treatment group) in blood were different between both groups of pigs. These different profiles suggested changes in general nutrient metabolism, and more specifically in amino acid metabolism. Moreover, differences in compounds related to the immune system and responses to stress were observed. Microbiome-specific metabolites in blood were also affected by sanitary status of the pigs. We conclude that the microbiome composition in colon and the systemic metabolite profiles are affected by sanitary conditions and related to suboptimal health. These data are useful for exploring further relationships between health, metabolic status and performance and for the identification of biomarkers related to health (indices) and performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinus F W Te Pas
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M Jansman
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo Kruijt
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne van der Meer
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacques J M Vervoort
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirkjan Schokker
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bordigoni A, Lo C, Yimagou E, Diop K, Nicaise B, Raoult D, Desnues C, Fenollar F. Megasphaera vaginalis sp. nov. and Anaerococcus vaginimassiliensis sp. nov., new bacteria isolated from vagina of French woman with bacterial vaginosis. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 37:100706. [PMID: 32774867 PMCID: PMC7404545 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the culturomics method, two strains were isolated, identified and characterized following the taxonogenomics concept. Megasphaera vaginalis sp. nov. strain Marseille-P4512 (= CSURP4512) and Anaerococcus vaginimassiliensis sp. nov. strain Marseille-P4857 (= CSURP4857) were isolated from the vagina of a French woman. The phylogenic tree, phenotypic criteria and genomic analysis described here clearly show that these two bacteria are different from previously known bacterial species with standing in nomenclature and new members of Firmicutes phylum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bordigoni
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - C.I. Lo
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - E.K. Yimagou
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - K. Diop
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - B. Nicaise
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - D. Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - C. Desnues
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - F. Fenollar
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, MEФI, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee NR, Lee CH, Lee DY, Park JB. Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Reconstruction and In Silico Analysis of Hexanoic acid Producing Megasphaera elsdenii. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040539. [PMID: 32283671 PMCID: PMC7232489 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexanoic acid and its derivatives have been recently recognized as value-added materials and can be synthesized by several microbes. Of them, Megasphaera elsdenii has been considered as an interesting hexanoic acid producer because of its capability to utilize a variety of carbons sources. However, the cellular metabolism and physiology of M. elsdenii still remain uncharacterized. Therefore, in order to better understand hexanoic acid synthetic metabolism in M. elsdenii, we newly reconstructed its genome-scale metabolic model, iME375, which accounts for 375 genes, 521 reactions, and 443 metabolites. A constraint-based analysis was then employed to evaluate cell growth under various conditions. Subsequently, a flux ratio analysis was conducted to understand the mechanism of bifurcated hexanoic acid synthetic pathways, including the typical fatty acid synthetic pathway via acetyl-CoA and the TCA cycle in a counterclockwise direction through succinate. The resultant metabolic states showed that the highest hexanoic acid production could be achieved when the balanced fractional contribution via acetyl-CoA and succinate in reductive TCA cycle was formed in various cell growth rates. The highest hexanoic acid production was maintained in the most perturbed flux ratio, as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pck) enables the bifurcated pathway to form consistent fluxes. Finally, organic acid consuming simulations suggested that succinate can increase both biomass formation and hexanoic acid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Rae Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (N.-R.L.); (C.H.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (N.-R.L.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-Y.L.); (J.-B.P.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7253 (D.-Y.L.); +82-2-3277-4509 (J.-B.P.)
| | - Jin-Byung Park
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-Y.L.); (J.-B.P.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7253 (D.-Y.L.); +82-2-3277-4509 (J.-B.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cui K, Wang Q, Wang S, Diao Q, Zhang N. The Facilitating Effect of Tartary Buckwheat Flavonoids and Lactobacillus plantarum on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Antioxidant Capacity, and Fecal Microbiota of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110986. [PMID: 31752173 PMCID: PMC6912274 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There has been a growing interest in the use of flavonoids and probiotics as alternatives of antibiotics in livestock production and as natural products for human health benefit. The effect of tartary buckwheat flavonoid supplementation in the diet has not been clearly investigated. The supplementation of tartary buckwheat flavonoids or Lactobacillus plantarum improved the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets. In combination, they exhibited a synergistic effect on nutrient digestibility. Abstract Natural plant extracts and probiotics has been proved as the most preferred and effective alternatives for antibiotics in animal feeding. The current study aimed to investigate the facilitating effect of tartary buckwheat flavonoids and Lactobacillus plantarum on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and microbiota of weaned piglets. Fifty 35-day-old weaned piglets (7.85 ± 0.67 kg) were randomly divided into five treatments with 10 piglets per treatment. Piglets in the negative control (NC) group were fed a basal diet, and others were fed basal diets supplemented with 40 mg/kg of colistin sulfate (positive control, PC), 109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), 40 mg/kg of tartary buckwheat flavonoids (BF), and a combination of 109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus plantarum and 40 mg/kg of tartary buckwheat flavonoids (LB). Supplementation of BF increased the average daily gain of piglets in the BF group (p < 0.05). The nutrient digestibility of piglets in the NC group was lower than that in other groups, while the digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, and phosphorus of piglets in the LB group was higher than the other four groups (p < 0.05). Compared with the NC and pC group, supplementation of Lp increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and catalase (CAT), while the BF increased the content of IgA and IgM (p < 0.05). Supplementation of colistin sulfate decreased the alpha diversity index, including chao and observed species, while the addition of Lp or combination of Lp and BF increased the abundance of Selenomonas or Mitsuokella in fecal samples, respectively. The results indicated that supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum can improve the antioxidant capacity, while tartary buckwheat flavones can increase the growth performance and immune ability of weaned piglets. Moreover, in combination, they promote nutrient digestibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing 100193, China; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (S.W.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing 100193, China; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (S.W.); (Q.D.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science of Liangshan, Xichang 615042, China
| | - Shiqin Wang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing 100193, China; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (S.W.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing 100193, China; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (S.W.); (Q.D.)
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing 100193, China; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (S.W.); (Q.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
An Efficient New Process for the Selective Production of Odd-Chain Carboxylic Acids by Simple Carbon Elongation Using Megasphaera hexanoica. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11999. [PMID: 31427713 PMCID: PMC6700076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The caproate-producing bacterium, Megasphaera hexanoica, metabolizes fructose to produce C2~C8 carbon-chain carboxylic acids using various electron acceptors. In particular, odd-chain carboxylic acids (OCCAs) such as valerate (C5) and heptanoate (C7), were produced at relatively high concentrations upon propionate supplementation. Using a statistical experimental design method, the optimal culture medium was established for the selective production of OCCAs among the total produced acids. In a medium containing 2.42 g L−1 sodium acetate and 18.91 g L−1 sodium propionate, M. hexanoica produced 9.48 g L−1 valerate, 2.48 g L−1 heptanoate, and 0.12 g L−1 caproate. To clarify the metabolism of the exogenous added propionate for OCCAs production, 13C tracer experiments were performed by supplementing the culture broth with [1,2,3-13C3] propionate. The metabolites analysis based on mass spectrometry showed that the propionate was only used to produce valerate and heptanoate without being participated in other metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the carbon elongation pathway in M. hexanoica was explained by the finding that the incorporation of propionate and acetate in the produced valerate occurred in only one orientation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu Q, Bao X, Guo W, Wang B, Li Y, Luo H, Wang H, Ren N. Medium chain carboxylic acids production from waste biomass: Current advances and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:599-615. [PMID: 30849433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alternative chemicals to diverse fossil-fuel-based products is urgently needed to mitigate the adverse impacts of fossil fuel depletion on human development. To this end, researchers have focused on the production of biochemical from readily available and affordable waste biomass. This is consistent with current guidelines for sustainable development and provides great advantages related to economy and environment. The search for suitable biochemical products is in progress worldwide. Therefore, this review recommends a biochemical (i.e., medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs)) utilizing an emerging biotechnological production platform called the chain elongation (CE) process. This work covers comprehensive introduction of the CE mechanism, functional microbes, available feedstock types and corresponding utilization strategies, major methods to enhance the performance of MCCAs production, and the challenges that need to be addressed for practical application. This work is expected to provide a thorough understanding of the CE technology, to guide and inspire researchers to solve existing problems in depth, and motivate large-scale MCCAs production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xian Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Wanqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yunxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Haichao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Huazhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Complete Genome Sequence of Megasphaera stantonii AJH120 T, Isolated from a Chicken Cecum. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01148-18. [PMID: 30533770 PMCID: PMC6256535 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01148-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bacterium, Megasphaera stantonii (strain AJH120T), was isolated from the cecum of a chicken during a screen for microorganisms using a brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. PacBio and Illumina MiSeq sequencing technologies were used to produce a single contiguous chromosome. A novel bacterium, Megasphaera stantonii (strain AJH120T), was isolated from the cecum of a chicken during a screen for microorganisms using a brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. PacBio and Illumina MiSeq sequencing technologies were used to produce a single contiguous chromosome. The resulting genome sequence is 2,652,760 bp long with a 52.62% GC content.
Collapse
|
21
|
Maki JJ, Looft T. Megasphaera stantonii sp. nov., a butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from the cecum of a healthy chicken. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3409-3415. [PMID: 30281016 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel mesophilic, anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative bacterium was isolated from the cecum of a healthy white leghorn chicken, and designated AJH120T. Cells were coccoid or diplococcoid with an average size of 0.8-1.8 µm and were non-motile with no evidence of spores. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed this organism to be a member of the genus Megasphaera, with the closest relatives being Megasphaera elsdenii (95 % sequence identity) and Megasphaera cerevisiae (95 % sequence identity). Growth was observed between 30 and 50 °C and between pH 5.0 and 9.0. AJH120T utilized a variety of carbon sources, including succinate, gluconate, fructose, ribose and pyruvate, as well as many individual amino acids. The DNA G+C content for the genome sequence of AJH120T was 52.1 mol%. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) between AJH120T and close taxonomic relatives, indicated divergence consistent with the strain representing a novel species. The major fatty acid methyl esters of the organism were C12 : 0, C14 : 0 3-OH, C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω9c. AJH120T was able to produce several short chain fatty acids, including butyrate, acetate, propionate and isovalerate. Together, these data indicate that AJH120T represents a novel species within the genus Megasphaera. We propose the name Megasphaerastantonii sp. nov. for the species. The type strain of this species is AJH120T (=DSM 106750T=CCUG 71842T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel J Maki
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Ave Ames IA 50010, USA.,2Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, USA
| | - Torey Looft
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Ave Ames IA 50010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yoshikawa S, Araoka R, Kajihara Y, Ito T, Miyamoto H, Kodama H. Valerate production by Megasphaera elsdenii isolated from pig feces. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:519-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
23
|
Chen J, Zhang L, Hu Y, Huang W, Niu Z, Sun J. Bacterial community shift and incurred performance in response to in situ microbial self-assembly graphene and polarity reversion in microbial fuel cell. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:220-227. [PMID: 28570887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, bacterial community shift and incurred performance of graphene modified bioelectrode (GM-BE) in microbial fuel cell (MFC) were illustrated by high throughput sequencing technology and electrochemical analysis. The results showed that Firmicutes occupied 48.75% in graphene modified bioanode (GM-BA), while Proteobacteria occupied 62.99% in graphene modified biocathode (GM-BC), both were dominant bacteria in phylum level respectively. Typical exoelectrogens, including Geobacter, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, Geothrix and Hydrogenophaga, were counted 26.66% and 17.53% in GM-BA and GM-BC. GM-BE was tended to decrease the bacterial diversity and enrich the dominant species. Because of the enrichment of exoelectrogens and excellent electrical conductivity of graphene, the maximum power density of MFC with GM-BA and GM-BC increased 33.1% and 21.6% respectively, and the transfer resistance decreased 83.8% and 73.6% compared with blank bioelectrode. This study aimed to enrich the microbial study in MFC and broaden the development and application for bioelectrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongyou Hu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Wantang Huang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhuyu Niu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Preferential isolation of Megasphaera elsdenii from pig feces. Anaerobe 2017; 48:160-164. [PMID: 28842275 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid produced by intestinal bacteria is fermented by lactate-utilizing bacteria. In this study, we developed a selective culture medium (KMI medium) for Megasphaera elsdenii, a lactate-utilizing bacterium that is abundant in pig intestines. Supplementation of the medium with lactate and beef extract powder was necessary for the preferential growth of M. elsdenii. In addition, we designed a species-specific primer set to detect M. elsdenii. When pig fecal samples were plated on KMI agar medium, approximately 60-100% of the resulting colonies tested positive using the M. elsdenii-specific PCR primers. In fact, nearly all of the large, yellow-white colonies that grew on the KMI agar medium tested positive by PCR with this primer set. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of three representative PCR-positive strains showed strong similarities to that of M. elsdenii ATCC 25940T (98.9-99.2% identity). These three strains were approximately 1.5 μm sized cocci that were primarily arranged in pairs, as was observed for M. elsdenii JCM 1772T. The selective KMI medium and species-specific primer set developed in this study are useful for the isolation and detection of M. elsdenii and will be useful in research aimed at increasing our understanding of intestinal short-chain fatty acid metabolism in pigs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Jeon BS, Kim S, Sang BI. Megasphaera hexanoica sp. nov., a medium-chain carboxylic acid-producing bacterium isolated from a cow rumen. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2114-2120. [PMID: 28742009 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain MHT, a strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, spherical coccus or coccoid-shaped microorganism, was isolated from a cow rumen during a screen for hexanoic acid-producing bacteria. The microorganism grew at 30-40 °C and pH 5.5-7.5 and exhibited production of various short- and medium-chain carboxylic acids (acetic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid and octanoic acid), as well as H2 and CO2 as biogas. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that MHT represents a member of the genus Megasphaera, with the closest relatives being Megapsphaera indica NMBHI-10T (94.1 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity), Megasphaera elsdenii DSM 20460T (93.8 %) and Megasphaera paucivorans DSM 16981T (93.8 %). The major cellular fatty acids produced by MHT included C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 1cis 9, and C18 : 0, and the DNA G+C content of the MHT genome is 51.8 mol%. Together, the distinctive phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of MHT indicate that this microorganism represents a novel species of the genus Megasphaera, for which the name Megasphaera hexanoica sp. nov. is herein proposed. The type strain of this species is MHT (=KCCM 43214T=JCM 31403T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Seung Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seil Kim
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-In Sang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ricaboni D, Mailhe M, Benezech A, Cadoret F, Fournier PE, Raoult D. 'Caecibactermassiliensis' gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human right colon. New Microbes New Infect 2017; 17:30-32. [PMID: 28275437 PMCID: PMC5328711 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the main characteristics of 'Caecibacter massiliensis' strain Marseille-P-2974T (CSUR P2974), which was isolated from a human right colon sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ricaboni
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 3rd Division of Clinical Infectious Disease, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Mailhe
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | - A. Benezech
- Service de Gastroenterologie, Hopital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - F. Cadoret
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | - P.-E. Fournier
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| | - D. Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Faculté de médecine, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang X, Fang Z, Zhang C, Xia H, Jie Z, Han X, Chen Y, Ji L. Effects of Acarbose on the Gut Microbiota of Prediabetic Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Crossover Trial. Diabetes Ther 2017; 8:293-307. [PMID: 28130771 PMCID: PMC5380489 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-017-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is an efficacious medicine for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the response of gut microbiota to acarbose is important, as the microbiota may have a critical role in the development of metabolic diseases, and acarbose is metabolized exclusively within the gastrointestinal tract. We explored the changes in the proportion and diversity of gut microbiota before and after treatment with acarbose in patients with prediabetes. METHODS We designed a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial in which 52 Chinese patients with prediabetes by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a BMI of 18-35 kg/m2 were randomly allocated to treatment with acarbose or placebo. Gut microbiota characterizations were determined with 16S rDNA-based high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS Of the 52 participants who entered the study, 40 (76.9%) completed the protocol. On the basis of the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) profiles, a total of 107 OTUs were significantly altered after acarbose treatment, with 76 (71%) assigned to the order of Clostridiales. Ruminococcaceae (15 OTUs) and Lachnospiraceae (22 OTUs) decreased in response to acarbose, and 48 OTUs increased by 12.8-fold, including Lactobacillaceae (8 of 9 belonging to Lactobacillus), Ruminococcaceae (6 of 11 belonging to Faecalibacterium), and Veillonellaceae (8 of 15 belonging to Dialister). At genera level, five flourished after treatment with acarbose, including Lactobacillus and Dialister, while Butyricicoccus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Ruminococcus were inhibited. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the benefits of acarbose for T2DM may correlate with the selective modulation of the gut microbiota. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Register number, ChiCTR-TTRCC-13004112.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Centre, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | | | - Zhuye Jie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Centre, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yingli Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Centre, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Centre, Beijing, 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Munson E, Carroll KC. What's in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 through 2015. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:24-42. [PMID: 27795334 PMCID: PMC5228236 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01379-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advancements in fields such as molecular genetics and the human microbiome have resulted in an unprecedented recognition of new bacterial genus/species designations by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Knowledge of designations involving clinically significant bacterial species would benefit clinical microbiologists in the context of emerging pathogens, performance of accurate organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In anticipation of subsequent taxonomic changes being compiled by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology on a biannual basis, this compendium summarizes novel species and taxonomic revisions specific to bacteria derived from human clinical specimens from the calendar years 2012 through 2015.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Munson
- College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pore SD, Shetty D, Arora P, Maheshwari S, Dhakephalkar PK. Metagenome changes in the biogas producing community during anaerobic digestion of rice straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 213:50-53. [PMID: 27025191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to study the microbial community succession in a sour and healthy digester. Ion torrent next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based metagenomic approach indicated abundance of hydrolytic bacteria and exclusion of methanogens and syntrophic bacteria in sour digester. Functional gene analysis revealed higher abundance of enzymes involved in acidogenesis and lower abundance of enzymes associated with methanogenesis like Methyl coenzyme M-reductase, F420 dependent reductase and Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase in sour digester. Increased abundance of methanogens (Methanomicrobia) and genes involved in methanogenesis was observed in the restored/healthy digester highlighting revival of pH sensitive methanogenic community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soham D Pore
- Bioenergy Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Deepa Shetty
- Bioenergy Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India; MCE Society's Abeda Inamdar Senior College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pune, India
| | - Preeti Arora
- Bioenergy Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Draft Genome Sequence of Megasphaera sp. Strain DJF_B143, an Isolate from Pig Hindgut Unable to Produce Skatole. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/1/e00007-16. [PMID: 26950318 PMCID: PMC4767908 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00007-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The butyrate-producing Megasphaera spp. predominate in the pig hindgut and may play important roles in gut health. Moreover, one Megasphaera isolate has been reported to produce the boar taint compound, skatole. Here, we provide a 2.58-Mbp draft genome of a pig hindgut isolate, Megasphaera sp. DJF_B143, unable to produce skatole.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lanjekar VB, Marathe NP, Shouche YS, Ranade DR. Clostridium punense sp. nov., an obligate anaerobe isolated from healthy human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:4749-4756. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped (0.5–1.0 × 2.0–10.0 μm), Gram-stain-positive bacterium, occurring mainly singly or in pairs, and designated BLPYG-8T, was isolated from faeces of a healthy human volunteer aged 56 years. Cells were non-motile. Oval, terminal spores were formed that swell the cells. The strain was affiliated with the genus Clostridium sensu stricto (Clostridium rRNA cluster I) as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Strain BLPYG-8T showed 97.3 to 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Clostridium sulfidigenes DSM 18982T, Clostridium subterminale DSM 6970T and Clostridium thiosulfatireducens DSM 13105T. DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic analysis showed that the strain was distinct from its closest relatives, C. sulfidigenes DSM 18982T, C. subterminale DSM 6970T, C. thiosulfatireducens DSM 13105T with 54.2, 53.9 and 53.3 % DNA–DNA relatedness, respectively. Strain BLPYG-8T grew in PYG broth at temperatures between 20 and 40 °C (optimum 37 °C). The strain utilized a range of amino acids as well as carbohydrates as a source of carbon and energy. Glucose fermentation resulted in the formation of volatile fatty acids mainly acetic acid, n-butyric acid and organic acids such as succinic and lactic acid. The DNA G+C content of strain BLPYG-8T was 44.1 mol%. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis and specific phenotypic characteristics and/or DNA G+C content differentiated the strain from its closest relatives. On the basis of these data, strain BLPYG-8T represents a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium punense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BLPYG-8T ( = DSM 28650T = CCUG 64195T = MCC 2737T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Bholanath Lanjekar
- Agharkar Research Institute, Maharashtra Association of Cultivation of Sciences, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India (affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India)
| | | | | | - Dilip Ramchandra Ranade
- Agharkar Research Institute, Maharashtra Association of Cultivation of Sciences, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India (affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Taxonomic update on proposed nomenclature and classification changes for bacteria of medical importance, 2013-2014. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83:82-8. [PMID: 26014276 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A key aspect of medical, public health, and diagnostic microbiology laboratories is the accurate and rapid reporting and communications regarding infectious agents of clinical significance. Microbial taxonomy in the age of molecular diagnostics and phylogenetics causes changes in this taxonomy at a rapid rate further complicating this process. This review focuses on the description of new species and classification changes proposed over the past 2 years.
Collapse
|