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Liao L, Qin Q, Yi D, Lai Q, Cong B, Zhang H, Shao Z, Zhang J, Chen B. Evolution and adaptation of terrestrial plant-associated Plantibacter species into remote marine environments. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17385. [PMID: 38738821 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Microbes are thought to be distributed and circulated around the world, but the connection between marine and terrestrial microbiomes remains largely unknown. We use Plantibacter, a representative genus associated with plants, as our research model to investigate the global distribution and adaptation of plant-related bacteria in plant-free environments, particularly in the remote Southern Ocean and the deep Atlantic Ocean. The marine isolates and their plant-associated relatives shared over 98% whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI), indicating recent divergence and ongoing speciation from plant-related niches to marine environments. Comparative genomics revealed that the marine strains acquired new genes via horizontal gene transfer from non-Plantibacter species and refined existing genes through positive selection to improve adaptation to new habitats. Meanwhile, marine strains retained the ability to interact with plants, such as modifying root system architecture and promoting germination. Furthermore, Plantibacter species were found to be widely distributed in marine environments, revealing an unrecognized phenomenon that plant-associated microbiomes have colonized the ocean, which could serve as a reservoir for plant growth-promoting microbes. This study demonstrates the presence of an active reservoir of terrestrial plant growth-promoting bacteria in remote marine systems and advances our understanding of the microbial connections between plant-associated and plant-free environments at the genome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liao
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dian Yi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiliang Lai
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, P. R. China, Xiamen, China
| | - Bolin Cong
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, P. R. China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongze Shao
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, P. R. China, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
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Roche CE, Montague MJ, Wang J, Dickey AN, Ruiz-Lambides A, Brent LJN, Platt ML, Horvath JE. Yearly variation coupled with social interactions shape the skin microbiome in free-ranging rhesus macaques. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0297423. [PMID: 37750731 PMCID: PMC10580906 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02974-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While skin microbes are known to mediate human health and disease, there has been minimal research on the interactions between skin microbiota, social behavior, and year-to-year effects in non-human primates-important animal models for translational biomedical research. To examine these relationships, we analyzed skin microbes from 78 rhesus macaques living on Cayo Santiago Island, Puerto Rico. We considered age, sex, and social group membership, and characterized social behavior by assessing dominance rank and patterns of grooming as compared to nonsocial behaviors. To measure the effects of a shifting environment, we sampled skin microbiota (based on sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA V4 region) and assessed weather across sampling periods between 2013 and 2015. We hypothesized that, first, monkeys with similar social behavior and/or in the same social group would possess similar skin microbial composition due, in part, to physical contact, and, second, microbial diversity would differ across sampling periods. We found significant phylum-level differences between social groups in the core microbiome as well as an association between total grooming rates and alpha diversity in the complete microbiome, but no association between microbial diversity and measures of rank or other nonsocial behaviors. We also identified alpha and beta diversity differences in microbiota and differential taxa abundance across two sampling periods. Our findings indicate that social dynamics interact with yearly environmental changes to shape the skin microbiota in rhesus macaques, with potential implications for understanding the factors affecting the microbiome in humans, which share many biological and social characteristics with these animals. IMPORTANCE Primate studies are valuable for translational and evolutionary insights into the human microbiome. The majority of primate microbiome studies focus on the gut, so less is known about the factors impacting the microbes on skin and how their links affect health and behavior. Here, we probe the impact of social interactions and the yearly environmental changes on food-provisioned, free-ranging monkeys living on a small island. We expected animals that lived together and groomed each other would have more similar microbes on their skin, but surprisingly found that the external environment was a stronger influence on skin microbiome composition. These findings have implications for our understanding of the human skin microbiome, including potential manipulations to improve health and treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - JiCi Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison N. Dickey
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angelina Ruiz-Lambides
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Lauren J. N. Brent
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie E. Horvath
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Shen Q, Li L, Cao C, Li R, Jiang J, Liu J. Nocardioides potassii sp. nov., isolated from weathered potash tailings soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37486345 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-positive, aerobic actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP 9356T, was isolated from weathered potash tailings soil sampled in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China. The colonies were cream-coloured, convex and rounded. The optimal growth conditions of strain KLBMP 9356T were 1 % (w/v) NaCl, 28 °C and pH 7. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KLBMP 9356T showed the highest similarity to Nocardioides zhouii CGMCC 1.11084T (98.9 %) and Nocardioides glacieisoli CGMCC 1.11097T (98.7 %). Results from two tree-making algorithms supported the position that strain KLBMP 9356T forms a stable clade with N. zhouii CGMCC 1.11084T and N. glacieisoli CGMCC 1.11097T. Strain KLBMP 9356T exhibited low digital DNA-DNA hybridization values with N. zhouii CGMCC 1.11084T (27.6 %) and N. glacieisoli CGMCC 1.11097T (31.4 %). The average nucleotide identity values between strain KLBMP 9356T and N. zhouii CGMCC 1.11084T and N. glacieisoli CGMCC 1.11097T were 83.8% and 85.9%, respectively. The peptidoglycan in the cell wall of the novel strain was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C17:1ω8c and C18:1ω9c. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, lyso-phospatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.6 mol%. Based on its morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain KLBMP 9356T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides potassii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 9356T (=CGMCC 4.7738T=NBRC 115493T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ya Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qi Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ludan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources of Xuzhou City, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chengliang Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources of Xuzhou City, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources of Xuzhou City, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources of Xuzhou City, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinjuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources of Xuzhou City, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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Kim DY, Jeong IC, Lee SY, Jeong YS, Han JE, Tak EJ, Lee JY, Kim PS, Hyun DW, Bae JW. Nocardioides palaemonis sp. nov. and Tessaracoccus palaemonis sp. nov., isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of lake prawn. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 36748471 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strains, designated J2M5T and J1M15T, were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a lake prawn Palaemon paucidens. Strain J2M5T was an obligately aerobic bacterium that formed milky-coloured colonies and showed a rod-coccus cell cycle, while strain J1M15T was a facultatively aerobic bacterium that formed orangish-yellow-coloured colonies and showed rod-shaped cells. Strains J2M5T and J1M15T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Nocardioides ganghwensis JC2055T (98.63 %) and Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T (98.08 %), respectively. The whole-genome sequence of strain J2M5T was 4.52 Mbp in size and the genomic G+C content directly calculated from the genome sequence of strain J2M5T was 72.5 mol%. The whole-genome sequence of strain J1M15T was 3.20 Mbp in size and the genomic G+C content directly calculated from the genome sequence of strain J1M15T was 69.6mol %. Strains J2M5T and J1M15T showed high OrthoANI similarity to N. ganghwensis JC2055T (83.6 %) and T. flavescens (77.2 %), respectively. We analysed the genome sequences of strains J2M5T and J1M15T in terms of carbohydrate-active enzymes, antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factor genes. Strains J2M5T and J1M15T contained MK-8 (H4) and MK-9 (H4) as the predominant respiratory quinones, respectively. The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Additionally, strain J2M5T possessed phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The cellular sugar components of strain J2M5T were ribose, mannose, glucose and galactose, and its cellular amino acid components were l-alanine and l-lysine. The cellular sugar components of strain J1M15T were rhamnose, ribose, mannose and glucose, and its cellular amino acid component was l-alanine. The major cellular fatty acids of strains J2M5T and J1M15T were iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, respectively. The multiple taxonomic analyses indicated that strains J2M5T and J1M15T represent novel species of the genus Nocardioides and Tessaracoccus, respectively. We propose the names Nocardioides palaemonis sp. nov. and Tessaracoccus palaemonis sp. nov. for strain J2M5T (=KCTC 49461T=CCUG 74767T) and strain J1M15T (=KCTC 49462T=CCUG 74766T), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Jeong
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Jeong
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Han
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Euon Jung Tak
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Young Lee
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Soo Kim
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Hyun
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Chhetri G, Kim I, Kang M, Kim J, So Y, Seo T. Nocardioides baculatus sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of Tagetes patula. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34542392 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, dull-yellow, short rod-shaped actinomycete strain, designated G10T, was isolated from Tagetes patula (marigold) roots collected from Goyang in the Republic of Korea. The isolate showed best growth on Reasoner's 2A agar at 25 °C, pH 6.5.0 and with 0% NaCl (w/v). The strain was negative for oxidase activity and positive for catalase activity. On the basis of 16S RNA gene sequence similarity, strain G10T was affiliated to the genus Nocardioides and the closest species were Nocardioides glacieisoli HLT3-15T (98.8 %), Nocardioides zhouii HLT2-9T (98.8 %), Nocardioides ganghwensis JC2055T (98.7 %), Nocardioides cavernae YIM A1136T (98.6 %), Nocardioides flavus Y4T (98.5 %), Nocardioides oleivorans DSM 16090T (98.3 %), Nocardioides alpinus Cr7-14T (98.2 %), Nocardioides exalbidus DSM 22017T (98.1 %) and Nocardioides hwasunensis KCTC 19197T (98.1 %). Strain G10T formed a monophyletic cluster with N. glacieisoli HLT3-15T, N. zhouii HLT2-9T and N. hwasunensis KCTC 19197T in all phylogenetic trees. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain G10T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1 ω8c. MK-8(H4) was the major isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 78.6-88.7 % and 21.5-36.2 %, respectively, with the type strains of related species of the genus Nocardioides, suggesting that strain G10T represents a novel species. The genome of strain G10T is 4 231 000 bp long with a DNA G+C content of 71.5 mol% and encodes 4071 predicted proteins, six rRNAs and 46 tRNAs. The genome of strain G10T comprises the biosynthetic gene cluster for T3PKS, terpene, NRPS-like fragment and RRE-containing element as secondary metabolites. The results of taxonomic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and genomic analysis clearly supported that strain G10T represent a novel species within the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides baculatus sp. nov is proposed and the type strain is G10T (=KCTC 49626T=NBRC 114801T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Chhetri
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhyup Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchung Kang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseop So
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegun Seo
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
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Nocardioides acrostichi sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from leaf of Acrostichum aureum. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:479-486. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang GQ, Liu Q, Liu HC, Zhou YG, Xin YH. Flavobacterium ranwuense sp. nov., isolated from glacier. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:3812-3817. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Zhang
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Hong-Can Liu
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yu-Guang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yu-Hua Xin
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Zhang GQ, Liu Q, Liu HC, Zhou YG, Xin YH. Nocardioides zhouii sp. nov., isolated from the Hailuogou Glacier in China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:2329-2334. [PMID: 31135330 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated HLT2-9T, was isolated from the ice tongue surface of Hailuogou Glacier in Sichuan Province, PR China. Colonies of cells were cream yellow, convex and round. Growth occurred at 0-27 °C (optimum, 20 °C), pH 7.0-10.0 (pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl (0 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HLT2-9T belonged to the genus Nocardioides. The highest level of sequence similarities were found to Nocardioides glacieisoli CGMCC1.11097T (99.24 %), Nocardioides oleivorans CGMCC 4.6882T (98.54 %) and Nocardioides ganghwensis CGMCC 4.6875T (98.54 %). However, the low average nucleotide identity (85.6-87.9 %) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (26.4-30.2 %) of strain HLT2-9T to its three closest relatives demonstrated that it represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides. The major cellular fatty acids of strain HLT2-9T were C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C16 : 0. Strain HLT2-9T contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant menaquinone is MK-8(H4). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.65 mol%. Based on evidence collected from the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, a novel species Nocardioideszhouii sp. nov. is proposed, with HLT2-9T (=CGMCC 1.11084T=NBRC 109783T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Zhang
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Hong-Can Liu
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yu-Guang Zhou
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yu-Hua Xin
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Nocardioides speluncae sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a karstic subterranean environment sample. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:857-865. [PMID: 30603803 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-01217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel actinobacterial strain, designated YIM ART13T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, South western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were found to aerobic and Gram-stain positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM ART13T was found to be closely related to Nocardioides pakistanensis NCCP 1340T (96.1% sequence similarity) and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Nocardioides. In addition, LL-diaminopimelic acid was identified as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. The whole cell sugars were found to be mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose. The major isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-8(H4), while the major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as iso-C16:0, C18:1ω9c and C18:0 10-methyl. The polar lipids were found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM ART13T was determined from the draft genome sequence to be 70.1 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain YIM ART13T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides speluncae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM ART13T (= KCTC 39593T = DSM 100493T).
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Liu Q, Liu HC, Zhou YG, Xin YH. Flavipsychrobacter stenotrophus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from a glacier. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3340-3344. [PMID: 30168791 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative strain, designated RB1R16T, was isolated from ice collected from the ice tongue surface of the Renlongba glacier in Tibet. Strain RB1R16T was catalase-negative, oxidase-negative and grew at 10-22 °C, pH 6.0-8.0 and in the presence of 0-0.5 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain RB1R16T belonged to Chitinophagaceae and formed an independent linkage. The highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were found to Lacibacter cauensis CGMCC 1.7271T (90.3 %), Flavihumibacter cheonanensis WS16T (90.1 %) and Flavihumibacter solisilvae 3-3T (90.1 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 4 (comprising iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 0 3OH. The polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and four unidentified lipids. The quinone system contained menaquinone MK-7 as the only component. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol%. On the basis of a polyphasic approach, a novel species of a new genus Flavipsychrobacter stenotrophus gen. nov., sp. nov. within the family Chitinophagaceae is proposed, with RB1R16T (=CGMCC 1.16126T=NBRC 113112T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Hong-Can Liu
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yu-Guang Zhou
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yu-Hua Xin
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Zhang LY, Ming H, Zhao ZL, Ji WL, Salam N, Jiao JY, Fang BZ, Li WJ, Nie GX. Nocardioides allogilvus sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a karst cave. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2485-2490. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Zhang
- 1College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
- 2State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Hong Ming
- 3College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Li Zhao
- 1College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Wei-Li Ji
- 3College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Nimaichand Salam
- 2State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jian-Yu Jiao
- 2State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Bao-Zhu Fang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- 1College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
- 2State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Guo-Xing Nie
- 1College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
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12
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Nocardioides astragali sp. nov., isolated from a nodule of wild Astragalus chrysopterus in northwestern China. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 111:1157-1163. [PMID: 29372423 PMCID: PMC5999194 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated HH06T, was isolated from a nodule of Astragalus chrysopterus in northwestern China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain is closely related to Nocardioides alpinus Cr7-14T and Nocardioides furvisabuli DSM 18445T with 98.5 and 98.1% similiarity, respectively. Growth was observed at 4–28 °C in R2A medium (optimum at 25 °C), at 10–30 °C in YMA and LB medium (optimum in both at 28 °C) and at pH 5.0–10.0 in R2A medium (optimum at pH 7.0–8.0). The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain LL-diaminopimelic acid as the principal diamino acid and MK-8(H4) was identified as the predominant menaquinone. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified polar lipids. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C16:0 (32.8%) and C18:1ω9c (15.1%). The DNA G+C content of strain HH06T was determined to be 71.4 mol%. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic properties and DNA–DNA relatedness, it is concluded that strain HH06T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides astragali sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HH06T (= CGMCC 4.7327T = NBRC 112322T).
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13
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Liu Q, Xin YH, Zhou YG, Chen WX. Multilocus sequence analysis of homologous recombination and diversity in Arthrobacter sensu lato named species and glacier-inhabiting strains. Syst Appl Microbiol 2017; 41:23-29. [PMID: 29129356 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Members of the bacterial genus Arthrobacter sensu lato are Gram-positive actinomycetes distributed worldwide and found in numerous environments including soil, water, glacier ice, and sewage. Homologous recombination is an important driving force in bacterial evolution, but its impact on Arthrobacter sensu lato evolution is poorly understood. We evaluated homologous recombination among 41 Arthrobacter sensu lato named species, using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). A high level of recombination was found, associated with strong diversification and a reticulate evolutionary pattern of Arthrobacter sensu lato. We also collected a total of 31 cold-adapted Arthrobacter sensu lato strains from two cold glaciers located in northwest China and two temperate glaciers in southwest China, and evaluated their diversity and population structure by MLSA. The glacier strains displayed high diversity, but rates of recombination among the four glacier groups were quite low, indicating that barriers to homologous recombination formed in the past among the populations on different glaciers. Our findings indicate that historical glaciation events shaped the contemporary distributions, taxonomic relationships, and phylogeographic patterns of Arthrobacter sensu lato species on glaciers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu-Hua Xin
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yu-Guang Zhou
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Liu J, Li F, Gao CH, Han Y, Hao H, Yi XX, Huang RM. Nocardioides kandeliae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from leaves of Kandelia candel. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3888-3893. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynethesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Cheng-Hai Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynethesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Huili Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiang-Xi Yi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, PR China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynethesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Ri-Ming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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15
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Wang X, Jiang WK, Cui MD, Yang ZG, Yu X, Hu G, Zhang H, Hong Q. Nocardioides agrisoli sp. nov., isolated from farmland soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3722-3727. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Wan-Kui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Meng-Di Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhan-Gong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Gang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
- Laboratory Centre of Life Science, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Qing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
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Li F, Tuo L, Su ZW, Wei XQ, Zhang XY, Gao CH, Huang RM. Nocardioides sonneratiae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from a branch of Sonneratia apetala. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2592-2597. [PMID: 28771135 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic non-spore-forming and short-rod-shaped endophytic actinomycete was isolated from a branch of Sonneratia apetala, designated strain BGMRC0092T and investigated in detail data to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the results of the phylogenetic analyses indicated that BGMRC0092T was most closely related to Nocardioides alpinus Cr7-14T (96.9 %), Nocardioides oleivorans DSM16090T (96.4 %) and Nocardiodes exalbidus RC825T (96.3 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids of BGMRC0092T were iso-C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω8c. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant cell-wall sugars were composed of galactose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose. The polar lipid pattern contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, one unknown phospholipid and three unknown polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and the results of phylogenetic analysis, BGMRC0092T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides sonneratiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Nocardioides sonneratiae BGMRC0092T (=KCTC 39565T=NBRC 110251 T=DSM 100390T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynethesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Li Tuo
- Research Center for Medicine and Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynethesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qun Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Cheng-Hai Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynethesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Ri-Ming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Khan IU, Hussain F, Habib N, Xiao M, Ahmed I, Amin A, Zhi XY, Li WJ. Nocardioides thalensis sp. nov., isolated from a desert. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2848-2852. [PMID: 28853683 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel actinobacterial strain, designated NCCP-696T, was isolated from the Thal desert in Punjab, Pakistan, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NCCP-696T belongs to the genus Nocardioides and showed the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T (98.2 %) and less than 96.4 % to the strains of other species of the genus Nocardioides. Cells of strain NCCP-696T were Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile rods and formed cream-coloured colonies. The strain was positive for oxidase and catalase. Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum 30-37 °C) at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-2 %, w/v). Strain NCCP-696T contained Iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω8c and C17 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids and was found to have LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unknown phospholipid. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) (98.7 %) while a minor amount (1.3 %) of MK-9(H2) was also detected. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.6 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value of the isolate against the closely related type strain Nocardioides panacisoliGsoil 346T was 56.3±1.4. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phenotypic data, strain NCCP-696T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides thalensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NCCP-696T (=DSM 103833T=CCTCC AB 2016296T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Ullah Khan
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Firasat Hussain
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Neeli Habib
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- Institute of Microbial Culture Collection of Pakistan (IMCCP), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Arshia Amin
- Institute of Microbial Culture Collection of Pakistan (IMCCP), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhi
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
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Xie F, Yang Y, Ma H, Quan S, Yue D, Sun Y, Feng F, Zhen J, Liu D. Nocardioides phosphati sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a phosphate mine. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1522-1528. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Xie
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Huan Ma
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Shujing Quan
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Dandan Yue
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Yufei Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Fei Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Jing Zhen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Dehai Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
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