Arenimonas soli sp. nov., isolated from saline-alkaline soil

Aliidiomarina indica sp. nov., isolated from deep seawater

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated SW123^T, was isolated from a deep-sea water sample collected from the Indian Ocean. Strain SW123^T was strictly aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_{15 : 0}, iso-C_{17 : 0} and summed feature 9 (comprising C_{16 : 0}-methyl or iso-C_{17 : 1} ω9c). Ubiquinone-8 was the sole respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content was 49.4 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain SW123^T was closely related to Aliidiomarina shirensis AIS^T (96.7 % sequence similarity), Aliidiomarina iranensis GBPy7^T (96.3%), Aliidiomarina haloalkalitolerans AK5^T (96.0%) and Aliidiomarina celeris F3105^T (95.9%). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SW123^T represented a novel member of the genus Aliidiomarina, forming a distinct cluster with A. celeris F3105^T. On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic characteristics, we propose that strain SW123^T represents a novel species of the genus Aliidiomarina, with the name Aliidiomarina indica sp. nov. The type strain is SW123^T (=CGMCC1.16169^T=KCTC 82234^T).

Arenimonas fontis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from Chukotka hot spring, Arctic region, Russia

A moderately thermophilic, neutrophilic, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium, strain 3729k^T, was isolated from a thermal spring of the Chukotka Peninsula, Arctic region, Russia. It grew chemoorganoheterotrophically, utilizing proteinaceous substrates, including highly rigid keratins as well as various polysaccharides (glucomannan, locust bean gum, gum guar and xanthan gum). The major fatty acids of strain 3729k^T were iso-C_15 : 0 (60.9%), iso-C_17 : 0 (12.0%), C_16 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C_16 : 0 (7.4%). Isoprenoid quinones were Q-8 (95%) and Q-9 (5%). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and three unidentified polar lipids. Strain 3729k^T was inhibited by chloramphenicol, neomycin, novobiocin, kanamycin, tetracycline, ampicillin and polymyxin B, but resistant to rifampicin, vancomycin and streptomycin. At the same time, strain 3729k^T inhibited growth of Micrococcus luteus and its genome possessed genes for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (a single putative bacteriocin and several secreted lysozymes and peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylases). The DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed strain 3729k^T into a distinct species/genus-level branch within the family Xanthomonadaceae (Proteobacteria). Phylogenetic analysis of 120 conservative protein sequences of all Xanthomonadaceae with validly published names and publicly available genomic sequences supported a species-level position of strain 3729k^T within the genus Arenimonas. Pairwise ANI values between strain 3729k^T and other Arenimonas species were of 75-80 %, supporting the proposal of a novel species. Accordingly, Arenimonas fontis sp. nov., with the type strain 3729k^T (=VMK В-3232^Т=DSM 105847^T), was proposed.

Arenimonas terrae sp. nov., isolated from orchard soil

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated R29^T, was isolated from orchard soil in Hwasun, South Korea. Cells were non-motile rods with catalase and oxidase activities. Growth was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 7.0-9.0. Ubiquinone-8 was identified as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. Major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, six phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified polar lipids. Strain R29^T contained iso-C_15 : 0, iso-C_16 : 0 and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C_17 : 1 ω9c/10-methyl-C_16 : 0) as major cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA calculated from the whole-genome sequence was 69.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that R29^T was most closely related to Arenimonas daejeonensis T7-07^T and Arenimonas malthae CC-JY-1^T with sequence similarities of 98.0 and 96.9 %, respectively The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between R29^T and the type strains of A. daejeonensis and A. malthae were 87.0 % and 31.6 % and 83.4 % and 26.1 %, respectively. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain R29^T represents a novel species of the genus Arenimonas, for which the name Arenimonas terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R29^T (=KACC 19896^T=JCM 33216^T).

Arenimonas caeni sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, motile and rod-shaped strain, z29^T, was isolated from the active sludge of a municipal wastewater treatment plant at Wuhu, Anhui, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain z29^T is most closely related to the genus Arenimonas, showing the highest similarity to Arenimonas donghaensis HO3-R19^T (97.14 %), Arenimonas aestuarii S2-21^T (96.46 %), Arenimonas daejeonensis T7-07^T (96.24 %) and Arenimonas taoyuanensis YN2-31A^T (96.23 %). The only respiratory quinone of strain z29^T was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8). The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 010-methyl). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.2 mol%. Genomic comparison between strain z29^T and Arenimonas donghaensis HO3-R19^T revealed 83.72 % average nucleotide identity. Based on the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results together with phylogenetical analysis, strain z29^T is classified as representing a novel species of the genus Arenimonas, for which the name Arenimonas caeni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is z29^T (=JCM 32091^T=CCTCC AB 2017067^T).

Arenimonas halophila sp. nov., isolated from soil

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CAU 1453^T, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 1453^T grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 6.5 in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CAU 1453^T represented a member of the genus Arenimonas and was most closely related to Arenimonas donghaensis KACC 11381^T (97.2 % similarity). CAU 1453^T contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, a phosphoglycolipid, an aminophospholipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified glycolipids. CAU 1453^T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness with the most closely related strain, A. donghaensis KACC 11381^T (26.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CAU 1453^T represents a novel species of the genus Arenimonas, for which the name Arenimonas halophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1453^T (=KCTC 62235^T=NBRC 113093^T).