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Takahashi WY, Galvão CW, Cassán FD, Urrea-Valencia S, Stremel AC, Stets MI, Stroka Kremer MA, Jesus EDC, Etto RM. Tracking maize colonization and growth promotion by Azospirillum reveals strain-specific behavior and the influence of inoculation method. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108979. [PMID: 39094483 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Inoculation of Azospirillum in maize has become a standard practice in Latin America. However, information on the behavior and population survival of the Azospirillum post-inoculation is scarce, making standardization difficult and generating variations in inoculation efficiency across assays. In this study, we tracked the colonization of three agriculturally relevant Azospirillum strains (Ab-V5, Az39, and the ammonium excreting HM053) after different inoculation methods in maize crops by qPCR. Besides, we assessed their ability to promote maize growth by measuring biometric parameters after conducting a greenhouse essay over 42 days. Inoculated plants exhibited Azospirillum population ranging from 103 to 107 cells plant-1 throughout the experiment. While all strains efficiently colonized roots, only A. argentinense Az39 demonstrated bidirectional translocation between roots and shoots, which characterizes a systemic behavior. Optimal inoculation methods for plant growth promotion varied among strains: soil inoculation promoted the best maize growth for the Ab-V5 and Az39 strains, while seed inoculation proved most effective for HM053. The findings of this study demonstrate that the inoculation method affects the behavior of Azospirillum strains and their effectiveness in promoting maize growth, thereby guiding practices to enhance crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Yuiti Takahashi
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory (LABMOM), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina Weigert Galvão
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory (LABMOM), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Dario Cassán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), National University of Rio Cuarto (UNRC), Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Salomé Urrea-Valencia
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory (LABMOM), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecília Stremel
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory (LABMOM), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Stets
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory (LABMOM), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Mazer Etto
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory (LABMOM), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
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2
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Maroniche GA, Puente ML, García JE, Mongiardini E, Coniglio A, Nievas S, Labarthe MM, Wisniewski-Dyé F, Rodriguez Cáceres E, Díaz-Zorita M, Cassán F. Phenogenetic profile and agronomic contribution of Azospirillum argentinense Az39 T, a reference strain for the South American inoculant industry. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127650. [PMID: 38452553 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Azospirillum sp. is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria largely recognized for its potential to increase the yield of different important crops. In this work, we present a thorough genomic and phenotypic analysis of A. argentinense Az39T to provide new insights into the beneficial mechanisms of this microorganism. Phenotypic analyses revealed the following in vitro abilities: growth at 20-38 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.8), and in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl; production of variable amounts of PHB as intracellular granules; nitrogen fixation under microaerophilic conditions; IAA synthesis in the presence of L-tryptophan. Through biochemical (API 20NE) and carbon utilization profiling (Biolog) assays, we proved that A. argentinense Az39T is able to use 15 substrates and metabolize 19 different carbon substrates. Lipid composition indicated a predominance of medium and long-chain saturated fatty acids. A total of 6 replicons classified as one main chromosome, three chromids, and two plasmids, according to their tRNA and core essential genes contents, were identified. Az39T genome includes genes associated with multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits such as nitrogen fixation and production of auxins, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and polyamines. In addition, Az39T genome harbor genetic elements associated with physiological features that facilitate its survival in the soil and competence for rhizospheric colonization; this includes motility, secretion system, and quorum sensing genetic determinants. A metadata analysis of Az39T agronomic performance in the pampas region, Argentina, demonstrated significant grain yield increases in wheat and maize, proving its potential to provide better growth conditions for dryland cereals. In conclusion, our data provide a detailed insight into the metabolic profile of A. argentinense Az39T, the strain most widely used to formulate non-legume inoculants in Argentina, and allow a better understanding of the mechanisms behind its field performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Maroniche
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Puente
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J E García
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Mongiardini
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Coniglio
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S Nievas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M M Labarthe
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Wisniewski-Dyé
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | | | - M Díaz-Zorita
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), CONICET, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - F Cassán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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3
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Garciglia-Mercado C, Contreras CA, Choix FJ, de-Bashan LE, Gómez-Anduro GA, Palacios OA. Metabolic and physiological adaptations of microalgal growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense growing under biogas atmosphere: a microarray-based transcriptome analysis. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:173. [PMID: 38492040 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Using microalgal growth-promoting bacteria (MGPB) to improve the cultured microalga metabolism during biotechnological processes is one of the most promising strategies to enhance their benefits. Nonetheless, the culture condition effect used during the biotechnological process on MGPB growth and metabolism is key to ensure the expected positive bacterium growth and metabolism of microalgae. In this sense, the present research study investigated the effect of the synthetic biogas atmosphere (75% CH4-25% CO2) on metabolic and physiological adaptations of the MGPB Azospirillum brasilense by a microarray-based transcriptome approach. A total of 394 A. brasilense differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found: 201 DEGs (34 upregulated and 167 downregulated) at 24 h and 193 DEGs (140 upregulated and 53 downregulated) under the same conditions at 72 h. The results showed a series of A. brasilense genes regulating processes that could be essential for its adaptation to the early stressful condition generated by biogas. Evidence of energy production is shown by nitrate/nitrite reduction and activation of the hypothetical first steps of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis; signal molecule modulation is observed: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), riboflavin, and vitamin B6, activation of Type VI secretion system responding to IAA exposure, as well as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis and accumulation. Moreover, an overexpression of ipdC, ribB, and phaC genes, encoding the key enzymes for the production of the signal molecule IAA, vitamin riboflavin, and PHB production of 2, 1.5 and 11 folds, respectively, was observed at the first 24 h of incubation under biogas atmosphere Overall, the ability of A. brasilense to metabolically adapt to a biogas atmosphere is demonstrated, which allows its implementation for generating biogas with high calorific values and the use of renewable energies through microalga biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia A Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Choix
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
- CONAHCYT-Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Luz E de-Bashan
- The Bashan Institute of Science, Auburn, AL, USA
- Departament of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Oskar A Palacios
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
- The Bashan Institute of Science, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Wang H, Jin H, Chen Z, Li W, Ma J, Hu T, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Lin X, Xie Z. Azospirillum isscasi sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of rice. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38214292 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium, designated C340-1T, was isolated and screened from paddy soil in Zhongshan County, Guangxi Province, PR China. This strain grew at 20-42 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %) on Reasoner's 2A medium. The strain could fix atmospheric nitrogen and acetylene reduction activity was recorded up to 120.26 nmol ethylene h-1 (mg protein)-1. Q-10 was the only isoprenoid quinone component; phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified polar lipid were the major polar lipids. Summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) were the primary cellular fatty acids. The genome of strain C340-1T was 6.18 Mb, and the G+C content was 69.0 mol%. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and 92 core genes showed that strain C340-1T was closely related to and clustered with the type strains Azospirillum brasilense JCM 1224T, Azospirillum argentinense Az39T, Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245T and Azospirillum formosense JCM 17639T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain C340-1T and the closely related type strains mentioned above were significantly lower than the threshold values for species classification (95-96 %, 95-96 % and 70 %, respectively). Based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, physiological and biochemical data, we have reason to believe that C340-1T represents a new species of the genus Azospirillum, for which the name Azospirillum isscasi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C340-1T(=CCTCC AB 2023105T=KCTC 8126T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Haiyang Jin
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, PR China
| | - Tianlong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xingwu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Zubin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
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Xu CH, Chen G, Liu Y, Xiao W, Cui XL, Ding ZG, Liu WH, Wang YX. Azospirillum Aestuarii sp. nov., a Novel Nitrogen-Fixting and Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria Isolated from an Estuary of a Freshwater River. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:113. [PMID: 36823402 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel Gram-staining negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YIM DDC1T, was isolated from an estuary sediment sample of Dongda River flowing into Dianchi lake in Yunnan, southwest China. The strain displayed growth at 10-40 °C (optimum of 28 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum of 7.0-8.0) and in presence of 0-3% (w/v) NaCl (optimum of 0-1%). Strain YIM DDC1T comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and two unidentified aminolipids as the predominant polar lipids; the ubiquinone 10 as the major respiratory quinone; and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω6c and/or C18:1ω7c), summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) and C18:1 2-OH as the major cellular fatty acids. Analysis of 16S rRNA showed that YIM DDC1T represents a member of the genus Azospirillum, and was closely related to A. brasilense ATCC 29145 T (98.9%), A. baldaniorum Sp245T (98.2%), A. argentinense Az39T (98.2%) and A. formosense CC-Nfb-7 T (98.2%). The draft genome size was 7.15 Mbp with a 68.4% G + C content. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain YIM DDC1T and the aforementioned closely related strains exhibited similarity in the range of 93.8-93.5% and 53.7-52.7%, respectively. nif gene cluster (nifHDK) and denitrification genes ((napA, nirS, nirK, norBC and nosZ) detected in the genome indicated its potential nitrogen fixation and full-fledged denitrifying function. Based on combined genotypic and phenotypic data, strain YIM DDC1T represents a novel species of the genus Azospirillum, for which the name Azospirillum aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM DDC1T (= KCTC 42887 T = CGMCC 1.17325 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Hai Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Gui Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hong Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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Vio SA, Galar ML, Gortari MC, Balatti P, Garbi M, Lodeiro AR, Luna MF. Multispecies Bacterial Bio-Input: Tracking and Plant-Growth-Promoting Effect on Lettuce var. sagess. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:736. [PMID: 36840083 PMCID: PMC9962684 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of multispecies bacterial bio-inputs is a promising strategy for sustainable crop production over the use of single-species inoculants. Studies of the use of multispecies bio-inputs in horticultural crops are scarce, not only on the growth-promoting effects of each bacterium within the formulation, but also on their compatibility and persistence in the root environment. In this work, we described that a multispecies bacterial bio-input made up of Azospirillum argentinense Az39, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL-5, Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 and Bacillus sp. Dm-B10 improved lettuce plant growth more effectively than when these strains were inoculated as single-species bio-inputs. Bacteria persisted together (were compatible) and also colonized seedling roots of lettuce plants grown in controlled conditions. Interestingly, colonization was highly related to an early and enhanced growth of seedlings grown in the nursery. A similar effect on plant growth was found in lettuce plants in a commercial greenhouse production in the peri-urban area of La Plata City, Buenos Aires, Argentina. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that a synthetic mixture of bacteria can colonize and persist on lettuce plants, and also showing their synergistic beneficial effect both in the nursery greenhouse as well as the commercial production farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A. Vio
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (CONICET/UNLP), Calle 50 227, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María Lina Galar
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (CONICET/UNLP), Calle 50 227, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Gortari
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (CONICET/UNLP), Calle 50 227, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Calle 526 e/ Calles 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Pedro Balatti
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Calle 526 e/ Calles 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología, CIDEFI (CIC–UNLP), Calle 60 y 119, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garbi
- Climatología y Fenología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, Calle 60 y 119, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Aníbal Roberto Lodeiro
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, IBBM (CONICET/UNLP), Calle 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, Calle 60 y 119, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María Flavia Luna
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (CONICET/UNLP), Calle 50 227, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), Calle 526 e/ Calles 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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