1
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Duehren S, Uchida T, Tsuge M, Hiraga N, Uprichard SL, Etzion O, Glenn J, Koh C, Heller T, Cotler SJ, Oka S, Chayama K, Dahari H. Interferon alpha induces a stronger antiviral effect than interferon lambda in HBV/HDV infected humanized mice. Virus Res 2024; 349:199451. [PMID: 39168375 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that treatment of chronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) with either pegylated interferon (IFN)λ or pegylated IFNα monotherapy leads to a dramatic decline in HDV RNA. Herein, we investigated the innate antiviral efficacy of IFNλ and IFNα in humanized mice that lack an adaptive immune response. Humanized mice were either co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HDV simultaneously, or HDV infection was performed subsequent to HBV infection (i.e., superinfected). After steady viral replication was achieved, mice received either IFNλ (n = 6) or IFNα (n = 7) for 12 (or 13) weeks. Pretreatment median levels of serum HBV DNA (8.8 [IQR:0.2] log IU/ml), HDV RNA (9.8 [0.5] log IU/ml), HBsAg (4.0 [0.4] log IU/ml) and human albumin, hAlb (6.9 [0.1] log ng/mL) were similar between mice treated with IFNα or IFNλ and between those coinfected versus superinfected. Compared to mice treated with IFNλ, mice treated with IFNα had a significantly greater decline in HBV, HDV, and HBsAg levels. In conclusion, IFNα induces stronger inhibition of HBV and HDV than IFNλ in humanized mice that lack an adaptive immune response. Further studies are needed to assess the respective role of the combined innate-and adaptive-immune systems in the treatment of HBV and HDV with IFNα and IFNλ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Duehren
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan; Division of Travel Medicine and Health, Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima university, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima university, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraga
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima university, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Susan L Uprichard
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ohad Etzion
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jeffrey Glenn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott J Cotler
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Shiro Oka
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima university, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Hiroshima Institute of Life Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Harel Dahari
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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2
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Abe-Chayama H, Kawase T, Ichinohe T, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Hijikata M, Chayama K. Hepatitis B virus-specific human stem cell memory T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells and eradicate HBV-infected hepatocytes in mice. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1354-1365. [PMID: 38594179 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) induces progressive hepatic impairment. Achieving complete eradication of the virus remains a formidable challenge. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, specific to viral antigens, either exhibit a numerical deficiency or succumb to an exhausted state in individuals chronically afflicted with HBV. The comprehension of the genesis and dissemination of stem cell memory T cells (TSCMs) targeting HBV remains inadequately elucidated. We identified TSCMs in subjects with chronic HBV infection and scrutinized their efficacy in a murine model with human hepatocyte transplants, specifically the TK-NOG mice. TSCMs were discerned in all subjects under examination. Introduction of TSCMs into the HBV mouse model precipitated a severe necro-inflammatory response, resulting in the elimination of human hepatocytes. TSCMs may constitute a valuable tool in the pursuit of a remedial therapy for HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Takakazu Kawase
- Department of Immune Regenerative Medicine, International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ichinohe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Hiroshima Institute of Life Sciences, Japan
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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3
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Uchida T, Teraoka Y, Imamura M, Abe-Chayama H, Makokha GN, Hayes CN, Aikata H, Hamamura S, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Shirouzu T, Kawai S, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H, Okada S, Chayama K. A novel cDNA-uPA/SCID/Rag2 -/- /Jak3 -/- mouse model for hepatitis virus infection and reconstruction of human immune system. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:262-272. [PMID: 36575861 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although human hepatocyte-transplanted immunodeficient mice support infection with hepatitis viruses, these mice fail to develop viral hepatitis due to the lack of an adaptive immune system. In this study, we generated new immunodeficiency cDNA-urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/SCID/Rag2-/- /Jak3-/- mice and established a mouse model with both a humanized liver and immune system. Transplantation of human hepatocytes with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24 resulted in establishment of a highly replaced liver in cDNA-uPA/SCID/Rag2-/- /Jak3-/- mice. These mice were successfully infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) for a prolonged period and facilitate analysis of the effect of anti-HCV drugs. Administration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from an HLA-A24 donor resulted in establishment of 22.6%-81.3% human CD45-positive mononuclear cell chimerism in liver-infiltrating cells without causing graft-versus-host disease in cDNA-uPA/SCID/Rag2-/- /Jak3-/- mice without human hepatocyte transplantation. When mice were transplanted with human hepatocytes and then administered HLA-A24-positive human PBMCs, an alloimmune response between transplanted human hepatocytes and PBMCs occurred, with production of transplanted hepatocyte-specific anti-HLA antibody. In conclusion, we succeeded in establishing a humanized liver/immune system characterized by an allo-reaction between transplanted human immune cells and human liver using a novel cDNA-uPA/SCID/Rag2-/- /Jak3-/- mouse. This mouse model can be used to generate a chronic hepatitis mouse model with a human immune system with application not only to hepatitis virus virology but also to investigation of the pathology of post-transplantation liver rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Grace Naswa Makokha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Clair Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoko Hamamura
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shirouzu
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawai
- Molecular Diagnostics Division, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection and Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Hiroshima Institute of Life Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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4
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Brunetti JE, Kitsera M, Muñoz-Fontela C, Rodríguez E. Use of Hu-PBL Mice to Study Pathogenesis of Human-Restricted Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:228. [PMID: 36680271 PMCID: PMC9866769 DOI: 10.3390/v15010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Different humanized mouse models have been developed to study human diseases such as autoimmune illnesses, cancer and viral infections. These models are based on the use of immunodeficient mouse strains that are transplanted with human tissues or human immune cells. Among the latter, mice transplanted with hematopoietic stem cells have been widely used to study human infectious diseases. However, mouse models built upon the transplantation of donor-specific mature immune cells are still under development, especially in the field of viral infections. These models can retain the unique immune memory of the donor, making them suitable for the study of correlates of protection upon natural infection or vaccination. Here, we will review some of these models and how they have been applied to virology research. Moreover, the future applications and the potential of these models to design therapies against human viral infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maksym Kitsera
- Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Estefanía Rodríguez
- Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Dudal S, Bissantz C, Caruso A, David-Pierson P, Driessen W, Koller E, Krippendorff BF, Lechmann M, Olivares-Morales A, Paehler A, Rynn C, Türck D, Van De Vyver A, Wang K, Winther L. Translating pharmacology models effectively to predict therapeutic benefit. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1604-1621. [PMID: 35304340 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many in vitro and in vivo models are used in pharmacological research to evaluate the role of targeted proteins in a disease. Understanding the translational relevance and limitation of these models for analyzing the disposition, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile, mechanism, and efficacy of a drug, is essential when selecting the most appropriate model of the disease of interest and predicting clinically efficacious doses of the investigational drug. Here, we review selected animal models used in ophthalmology, infectious diseases, oncology, autoimmune diseases, and neuroscience. Each area has specific challenges around translatability and determination of an efficacious dose: new patient-specific dosing methods could help overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ken Wang
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Kamiya N, Sugimoto T, Abe-Chayama H, Akiyama R, Tsuboi Y, Mogami A, Imamura M, Hayes CN, Chayama K. Untying relaxed circular DNA of hepatitis B virus by polymerase reaction provides a new option for accurate quantification and visualization of covalently closed circular DNA. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35130138 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small hepatotropic DNA virus that replicates via an RNA intermediate. After entry, the virus capsid carries relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) into the nucleus where the viral genome is converted into covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which serves as the template for all viral transcripts. To monitor cccDNA levels, preprocessing methods to eliminate rcDNA have emerged for quantitative PCR, although Southern blotting is still the only method to discriminate cccDNA from other DNA intermediates. In this study, we have established a robust method for untying mature rcDNA into double stranded linear DNA using specific polymerases. Untying rcDNA provides not only an alternative method for cccDNA quantification but also a sensitive method for visualizing cccDNA. We combined this method with plasmid-safe DNase and T5 exonuclease preprocessing and revealed that accurate quantification requires cccDNA digestion by a restriction enzyme because heat stability of cccDNA increases after T5 exonuclease treatment. In digital PCR using duplex TaqMan probes, fewer than 1000 copies of cccDNA were successfully visualized as double positive spots that were distinct from single positives derived from untied rcDNA. This method was further applied to the infection model of primary hepatocytes treated with nucleoside analogues and a core protein allosteric modulator to monitor cccDNA levels. Relative quantification of cccDNA by human genome copy demonstrated the possibility of precise evaluation of cccDNA level per nucleus. These results clearly indicate that the sequential reaction from untying rcDNA is useful to investigate cccDNA fates in a small fraction of nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kamiya
- Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sugimoto
- Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tsuboi
- Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Mogami
- Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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7
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Shekhtman L, Navasa M, Sansone N, Crespo G, Subramanya G, Chung TL, Cardozo-Ojeda EF, Pérez-Del-Pulgar S, Perelson AS, Cotler SJ, Forns X, Uprichard SL, Dahari H. Modeling hepatitis C virus kinetics during liver transplantation reveals the role of the liver in virus clearance. eLife 2021; 10:65297. [PMID: 34730511 PMCID: PMC8608386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While the liver, specifically hepatocytes, are widely accepted as the main source of hepatitis C virus (HCV) production, the role of the liver/hepatocytes in clearance of circulating HCV remains unknown. Frequent HCV kinetic data were recorded and mathematically modeled from five liver transplant patients throughout the anhepatic (absence of liver) phase and for 4 hr post-reperfusion. During the anhepatic phase, HCV remained at pre-anhepatic levels (n = 3) or declined (n = 2) with t1/2~1 hr. Immediately post-reperfusion, virus declined in a biphasic manner in four patients consisting of a rapid decline (t1/2 = 5 min) followed by a slower decline (t1/2 = 67 min). Consistent with the majority of patients in the anhepatic phase, when we monitored HCV clearance at 37°C from culture medium in the absence/presence of chronically infected hepatoma cells that were inhibited from secreting HCV, the HCV t1/2 in cell culture was longer in the absence of chronically HCV-infected cells. The results suggest that the liver plays a major role in the clearance of circulating HCV and that hepatocytes may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Shekhtman
- The Program for Experimental & Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States.,Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natasha Sansone
- The Program for Experimental & Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gonzalo Crespo
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gitanjali Subramanya
- The Program for Experimental & Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Tje Lin Chung
- The Program for Experimental & Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States.,Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Department of Medicine, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - E Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda
- The Program for Experimental & Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sofía Pérez-Del-Pulgar
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan S Perelson
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Scott J Cotler
- The Program for Experimental & Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Xavier Forns
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan L Uprichard
- The Program for Experimental & Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States.,The Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Harel Dahari
- The Program for Experimental & Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
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8
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Tsuge M. Are Humanized Mouse Models Useful for Basic Research of Hepatocarcinogenesis through Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection? Viruses 2021; 13:v13101920. [PMID: 34696350 PMCID: PMC8541657 DOI: 10.3390/v13101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem that can lead to liver dysfunction, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current antiviral therapies can control viral replication in patients with chronic HBV infection; however, there is a risk of HCC development. HBV-related proteins may be produced in hepatocytes regardless of antiviral therapies and influence intracellular metabolism and signaling pathways, resulting in liver carcinogenesis. To understand the mechanisms of liver carcinogenesis, the effect of HBV infection in human hepatocytes should be analyzed. HBV infects human hepatocytes through transfer to the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP). Although the NTCP is expressed on the hepatocyte surface in several animals, including mice, HBV infection is limited to human primates. Due to this species-specific liver tropism, suitable animal models for analyzing HBV replication and developing antivirals have been lacking since the discovery of the virus. Recently, a humanized mouse model carrying human hepatocytes in the liver was developed based on several immunodeficient mice; this is useful for analyzing the HBV life cycle, antiviral effects of existing/novel antivirals, and intracellular signaling pathways under HBV infection. Herein, the usefulness of human hepatocyte chimeric mouse models in the analysis of HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Tsuge
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Department of Biomedical Science, Research and Development Division, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-82-257-1510
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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9
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Sugahara G, Yamasaki C, Yanagi A, Furukawa S, Ogawa Y, Fukuda A, Enosawa S, Umezawa A, Ishida Y, Tateno C. Humanized liver mouse model with transplanted human hepatocytes from patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:618-628. [PMID: 33336822 PMCID: PMC8247293 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is a metabolic and genetic disease caused by dysfunction of the hepatocytic urea cycle. To develop new drugs or therapies for OTCD, it is ideal to use models that are more closely related to human metabolism and pathology. Primary human hepatocytes (HHs) isolated from two patients (a 6-month-old boy and a 5-year-old girl) and a healthy donor were transplanted into host mice (hemi-, hetero-OTCD mice, and control mice, respectively). HHs were isolated from these mice and used for serial transplantation into the next host mouse or for in vitro experiments. Histological, biochemical, and enzyme activity analyses were performed. Cultured HHs were treated with ammonium chloride or therapeutic drugs. Replacement rates exceeded 80% after serial transplantation in both OTCD mice. These highly humanized OTCD mice showed characteristics similar to OTCD patients that included increased blood ammonia levels and urine orotic acid levels enhanced by allopurinol. Hemi-OTCD mice showed defects in OTC expression and significantly low enzymatic activities, while hetero-OTCD mice showed residual OTC expression and activities. A reduction in ammonium metabolism was observed in cultured HHs from OTCD mice, and treatment with the therapeutic drug reduced the ammonia levels in the culture medium. In conclusion, we established in vivo OTC mouse models with hemi- and hetero-patient HHs. HHs isolated from the mice were useful as an in vitro model of OTCD. These OTC models could be a source of valuable patient-derived hepatocytes that would enable large scale and reproducible experiments using the same donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Sugahara
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Chihiro Yamasaki
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Ami Yanagi
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Suzue Furukawa
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Yuko Ogawa
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Akinari Fukuda
- National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Shin Enosawa
- Division for Advanced Medical SciencesNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Regenerative MedicineNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
- Research Center for Hepatology and GastroenterologyHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research and Development DepartmentPhoenixBio Co., LtdHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
- Research Center for Hepatology and GastroenterologyHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
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10
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Ohya K, Imamura M, Teraoka Y, Uchida T, Fujino H, Nakahara T, Ono A, Murakami E, Yamauchi M, Kawaoka T, Miki D, Tsuge M, Abe-Chayama H, Hayes CN, Aikata H, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Song H, Miyayama Y, Hijikata M, Chayama K. Novel drug resistance-associated substitutions against pibrentasvir emerged in genotype 1b hepatitis C virus-infected human hepatocyte transplanted mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 559:78-83. [PMID: 33932902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy with glecaprevir and pibrentasvir (PIB) has high efficacy for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection except among those who experienced NS5A-P32 deletion (del) mutation during prior DAA treatment failure. However, some patients fail to achieve SVR through combination treatment even in the absence of NS5A-P32del. We analyzed emergence of NS5A resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) against PIB using HCV-infected mice. Male human hepatocyte transplanted mice were infected with genotype 1b wild-type HCV. Mice were treated with PIB, resulting in a transient decrease in serum HCV RNA levels but followed by relapse during the treatment. Direct sequence analysis showed emergences of various mutations in the NS5A region, including L31V/P32del, L31F/P32del/Y93H, NS5A-P29del/Y85C, and NS5A-F37Y. PIB was less effective in mice with NS5A-F37Y mutations compared to mice with wild-type HCV. NS5A-F37Y showed 5.4-fold resistance to PIB relative to wild-type based on analysis using HCV subgenomic replicon systems. The present in vivo and in vitro studies identified NS5A-F37Y as a novel RAS against PIB and showed the possibility of emergence of various NS5A RASs including P29del, P32del and F37Y following PIB treatment. These mutations might emerge and lead to failure to respond to DAA therapies including PIB-based regimens in chronic hepatitis C patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ohya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hatsue Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masami Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - HoJoong Song
- Laboratory of Tumor Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyayama
- Laboratory of Tumor Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Hijikata
- Laboratory of Tumor Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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11
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Liu Y, Maya S, Ploss A. Animal Models of Hepatitis B Virus Infection-Success, Challenges, and Future Directions. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050777. [PMID: 33924793 PMCID: PMC8146732 DOI: 10.3390/v13050777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects more than 250 million people worldwide, which greatly increases the risk for terminal liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Even though current approved antiviral therapies, including pegylated type I interferon (IFN) and nucleos(t)ide analogs, can effectively suppress viremia, HBV infection is rarely cured. Since HBV exhibits a narrow species tropism and robustly infects only humans and higher primates, progress in HBV research and preclinical testing of antiviral drugs has been hampered by the scarcity of suitable animal models. Fortunately, a series of surrogate animal models have been developed for the study of HBV. An increased understanding of the barriers towards interspecies transmission has aided in the development of human chimeric mice and has greatly paved the way for HBV research in vivo, and for evaluating potential therapies of chronic hepatitis B. In this review, we summarize the currently available animal models for research of HBV and HBV-related hepadnaviruses, and we discuss challenges and future directions for improvement.
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12
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Ishida Y, Yamasaki C, Iwanari H, Yamashita H, Ogawa Y, Yanagi A, Furukawa S, Kojima Y, Chayama K, Kamiie J, Tateno C. Detection of acute toxicity of aflatoxin B1 to human hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo using chimeric mice with humanized livers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239540. [PMID: 32966316 PMCID: PMC7510964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin, is acutely hepatotoxic to many animals including humans. However, there are marked interspecies differences in sensitivity to AFB1-induced toxicity depending on bioactivation by cytochrome P450s (CYPs). In the present study, we examined the applicability of chimeric mice with humanized livers and derived fresh human hepatocytes for in vivo and vitro studies on AFB1 cytotoxicity to human hepatocytes. Chimeric mice with highly humanized livers and SCID mice received daily injections of vehicle (corn oil), AFB1 (3 mg/kg), and carbon tetrachloride (50 mg/kg) for 2 days. Histological analysis revealed that AFB1 promoted hepatocyte vacuolation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the area containing human hepatocytes. A novel human alanine aminotransferase 1 specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated the acute toxicity of AFB1 to human hepatocytes in the chimeric mouse livers. The sensitivity of cultured fresh human hepatocytes isolated from the humanized liver mice for AFB1 cytotoxicity was comparable to that of primary human hepatocytes. Long-term exposure to AFB1 (6 or 14 days) produced a more severe cytotoxicity. The half-maximal lethal concentration was 10 times lower in the 2-week treatment than after 2 days of exposure. Lastly, the significant reduction of AFB1 cytotoxicity by a pan-CYP inhibitor or transfection with CYP3A4 specific siRNA clearly suggested that bioactivation of AFB1 catalyzed by CYPs was essential for AFB1 cytotoxicity to the human hepatocytes in our mouse model. Collectively, our results implicate the humanized liver mice and derived fresh human hepatocytes are useful models for studies of AFB1 cytotoxicity to human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ishida
- Department of Research and Development, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamasaki
- Department of Research and Development, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Ogawa
- Department of Research and Development, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ami Yanagi
- Department of Research and Development, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Suzue Furukawa
- Department of Research and Development, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuha Kojima
- Department of Research and Development, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Department of Research and Development, PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Miyamoto M, Kosugi Y, Iwasaki S, Chisaki I, Nakagawa S, Amano N, Hirabayashi H. Characterization of plasma protein binding in two mouse models of humanized liver, PXB mouse and humanized TK-NOG mouse. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:51-60. [PMID: 32779988 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1808735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The unbound fractions in plasma (f up) in two mouse models of humanized liver mice, PXB and humanized TK-NOG mice, were compared with human f up values using equilibrium dialysis method. A good relationship between f up values obtained from PXB mice and humans was observed; the f up of 34/39 compounds (87.2%) in PXB mice were within 3-fold of human f up. In contrast, a weak correlation was observed between human and humanized TK-NOG mouse f up values; the f up of 15/24 compounds (62.5%) in humanized TK-NOG mice were within 3-fold of human f up. As different profiles of plasma protein binding (PPB) profiles were observed between PXB and humanized TK-NOG mice, f up evaluation is necessary in each mouse model to utilize these humanized liver mice for pharmacological, drug-drug interaction (DDI), and toxicity studies. The unbound fraction in the mixed plasma of human and SCID mouse plasma (85:15) was well correlated with f up in PXB mice (38/39 compounds within a 3-fold). Thus, this artificial PXB mouse plasma could be used to evaluate PPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Miyamoto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Yohei Kosugi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Shinji Iwasaki
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Ikumi Chisaki
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nakagawa
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Amano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirabayashi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa city, Japan
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14
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Humanized Mouse Models for the Study of Hepatitis C and Host Interactions. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060604. [PMID: 31213010 PMCID: PMC6627916 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is commonly attributed as a major cause of chronic hepatotropic diseases, such as, steatosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As HCV infects only humans and primates, its narrow host tropism hampers in vivo studies of HCV-mammalian host interactions and the development of effective therapeutics and vaccines. In this context, we will focus our discussion on humanized mice in HCV research. Here, these humanized mice are defined as animal models that encompass either only human hepatocytes or both human liver and immune cells. Aspects related to immunopathogenesis, anti-viral interventions, drug testing and perspectives of these models for future HCV research will be discussed.
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15
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Osawa M, Uchida T, Imamura M, Teraoka Y, Fujino H, Nakahara T, Ono A, Murakami E, Kawaoka T, Miki D, Tsuge M, Hiramatsu A, Abe-Chayama H, Hayes CN, Makokha GN, Aikata H, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Miyayama Y, Hijikata M, Chayama K. Efficacy of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir treatment for genotype 1b hepatitis C virus drug resistance-associated variants in humanized mice. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:1123-1131. [PMID: 31199224 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy with glecaprevir (GLE) and pibrentasvir (PIB) has high efficacy for pan-genotypic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. However, the efficacy for patients who acquired potent NS5A inhibitor resistance-associated variants (RAVs) as a result of failure to respond to previous direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies is unclear. We investigated the efficacy of GLE/PIB treatment for genotype 1b HCV strains containing RAVs using subgenomic replicon systems and human hepatocyte transplanted mice. Mice were injected with serum samples obtained from a DAA-naïve patient or daclatasvir plus asunaprevir (DCV/ASV) treatment failures including NS5A-L31M/Y93H, -P58S/A92K or -P32 deletion (P32del) RAVs, then treated with GLE/PIB. HCV was eliminated by GLE/PIB treatment in mice with wild-type and NS5A-L31M/Y93H but relapsed in mice with NS5A-P58S/A92K, followed by emergence of additional NS5A mutations after cessation of the treatment. In NS5A-P32del-infected mice, serum HCV RNA remained positive during the GLE/PIB treatment. NS5A-P58S/A92K showed 1.5-fold resistance to PIB relative to wild-type based on analysis using HCV subgenomic replicon systems. When mice were administered various proportions of HCV wild-type and P32del strains and treated with GLE/PIB, serum HCV RNA remained positive in mice with high frequencies of P32del. In these mice, the P32del was undetectable by deep sequencing before GLE/PIB treatment, but P32del strains relapsed after cessation of the GLE/PIB treatment. GLE/PIB is effective for wild-type and NS5A-L31M/Y93H HCV strains, but the effect seems to be low for P58S/A92K and NS5A-P32del RAVs. Although NS5A-P32del was not detected, the mutation may be present at low frequency in DCV/ASV treatment failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Osawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hatsue Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Grace Naswa Makokha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyayama
- Laboratory of Tumor Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Hijikata
- Laboratory of Tumor Viruses, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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16
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Teraoka Y, Uchida T, Imamura M, Hiraga N, Osawa M, Kan H, Saito Y, Tsuge M, Abe-Chayama H, Hayes CN, Makokha GN, Aikata H, Miki D, Ochi H, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Chayama K. Limitations of daclatasvir/asunaprevir plus beclabuvir treatment in cases of NS5A inhibitor treatment failure. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1058-1065. [PMID: 29916799 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined daclatasvir (DCV)/asunaprevir (ASV) plus beclabuvir (BCV) treatment shows a high virological response for genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C patients. However, its efficacy for patients for whom previous direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy failed is not known. We analysed the efficacy of DCV/ASV/BCV treatment for HCV-infected mice and chronic hepatitis patients. Human hepatocyte chimaeric mice were injected with serum samples obtained from either a DAA-naïve patient or a DCV/ASV treatment failure and were then treated with DCV/ASV alone or in combination with BCV for 4 weeks. DCV/ASV treatment successfully eliminated the virus in DAA-naïve-patient HCV-infected mice. DCV/ASV treatment failure HCV-infected mice developed viral breakthrough during DCV/ASV treatment, with the emergence of NS5A-L31V/Y93H HCV resistance-associated variants (RAVs) being observed by direct sequencing. DCV/ASV/BCV treatment inhibited viral breakthrough in NS5A-L31V/Y93H-mutated HCV-infected mice, but HCV relapsed with the emergence of NS5B-P495S variants after the cessation of the treatment. The efficacy of the triple therapy was also analysed in HCV-infected patients; one DAA-naïve patient and four prior DAA treatment failures were treated with 12 weeks of DCV/ASV/BCV therapy. Sustained virological response was achieved in a DAA-naïve patient and one of the DCV/ASV treatment failures through DCV/ASV/BCV therapy; however, HCV relapse occurred in the other patients with prior DCV/ASV and/or sofosbuvir/ledipasvir treatment failures. DCV/ASV/BCV therapy seems to have limited efficacy for patients with NS5A RAVs for whom prior DAA treatment has failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Teraoka
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraga
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Osawa
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kan
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuhei Saito
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,3Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,4Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Grace Naswa Makokha
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- 2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,5Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- 2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,5Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- 2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,6PhoenixBio Co., Ltd, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- 2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,6PhoenixBio Co., Ltd, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical and Health, Hiroshima, Japan.,2Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,5Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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17
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Burm R, Collignon L, Mesalam AA, Meuleman P. Animal Models to Study Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1032. [PMID: 29867998 PMCID: PMC5960670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 71 million chronically infected people, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global health concern. Although new direct acting antivirals have significantly improved the rate of HCV cure, high therapy cost, potential emergence of drug-resistant viral variants, and unavailability of a protective vaccine represent challenges for complete HCV eradication. Relevant animal models are required, and additional development remains necessary, to effectively study HCV biology, virus–host interactions and for the evaluation of new antiviral approaches and prophylactic vaccines. The chimpanzee, the only non-human primate susceptible to experimental HCV infection, has been used extensively to study HCV infection, particularly to analyze the innate and adaptive immune response upon infection. However, financial, practical, and especially ethical constraints have urged the exploration of alternative small animal models. These include different types of transgenic mice, immunodeficient mice of which the liver is engrafted with human hepatocytes (humanized mice) and, more recently, immunocompetent rodents that are susceptible to infection with viruses that are closely related to HCV. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently available animal models that have proven valuable for the study of HCV, and discuss their main benefits and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Burm
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Laura Collignon
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Atef Mesalam
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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18
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Teraoka Y, Uchida T, Imamura M, Osawa M, Tsuge M, Abe-Chayama H, Hayes CN, Makokha GN, Aikata H, Miki D, Ochi H, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Chayama K. Prevalence of NS5A resistance associated variants in NS5A inhibitor treatment failures and an effective treatment for NS5A-P32 deleted hepatitis C virus in humanized mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:152-157. [PMID: 29621544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who have failed to respond to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment often acquire drug resistance-associated variants (RAVs). The NS5A-P32 deletion (P32del) RAV confers potent resistance to NS5A inhibitors; therefore, patients who acquire this deletion are likely to fail to respond to DAA re-treatment. We investigated the prevalence of N55A-P32del in patients who failed to respond to prior NS5A inhibitor treatment using direct sequencing and analyzed the efficacy of DAA combination treatment in the presence of NS5A-P32del RAVs using human hepatocyte transplanted mice. NS5A-P32del was detected in one of 23 (4.3%) patients who had failed to respond to prior NS5A inhibitor treatment. Although four weeks of NS3/4A protease inhibitor glecaprevir plus NS5A inhibitor pibrentasvir treatment effectively suppressed HCV replication in wild-type HCV-infected mice, serum HCV RNA never became negative in P32del HCV-infected mice. When P32del HCV-infected mice were treated with four weeks of glecaprevir plus pibrentasvir combined with the NS5B polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir, serum HCV RNA became negative, and the virus was eliminated from the liver in three out of four mice. We conclude that the combination of sofosbuvir and glecaprevir plus pibrentasvir may be an effective new treatment option for patients with NS5A-P32del.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Osawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe-Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Center for Medical Specialist Graduate Education and Research, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Grace Naswa Makokha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
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