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Leopizzi M, Mundo L, Messina E, Campolo F, Lazzi S, Angeloni A, Marchese C, Leoncini L, Giordano C, Slack F, Trivedi P, Anastasiadou E. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA2 downregulates ICOSL by inducing miR-24 in B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2024; 143:429-443. [PMID: 37847858 PMCID: PMC10862363 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hematological malignancies such as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cause significant morbidity in humans. A substantial number of these lymphomas, particularly HL and DLBCLs have poorer prognosis because of their association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Our earlier studies have shown that EBV-encoded nuclear antigen (EBNA2) upregulates programmed cell death ligand 1 in DLBCL and BLs by downregulating microRNA-34a. Here, we investigated whether EBNA2 affects the inducible costimulator (ICOS) ligand (ICOSL), a molecule required for efficient recognition of tumor cells by T cells through the engagement of ICOS on the latter. In virus-infected and EBNA2-transfected B-lymphoma cells, ICOSL expression was reduced. Our investigation of the molecular mechanisms revealed that this was due to an increase in microRNA-24 (miR-24) by EBNA2. By using ICOSL 3' untranslated region-luciferase reporter system, we validated that ICOSL is an authentic miR-24 target. Transfection of anti-miR-24 molecules in EBNA2-expressing lymphoma cells reconstituted ICOSL expression and increased tumor immunogenicity in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Because miR-24 is known to target c-MYC, an oncoprotein positively regulated by EBNA2, we analyzed its expression in anti-miR-24 transfected lymphoma cells. Indeed, the reduction of miR-24 in EBNA2-expressing DLBCL further elevated c-MYC and increased apoptosis. Consistent with the in vitro data, EBNA2-positive DLBCL biopsies expressed low ICOSL and high miR-24. We suggest that EBV evades host immune responses through EBNA2 by inducing miR-24 to reduce ICOSL expression, and for simultaneous rheostatic maintenance of proproliferative c-MYC levels. Overall, these data identify miR-24 as a potential therapeutically relevant target in EBV-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Lucia Mundo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Frank Slack
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Wu S, Chen J, Teo BHD, Wee SYK, Wong MHM, Cui J, Chen J, Leong KP, Lu J. The axis of complement C1 and nucleolus in antinuclear autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196544. [PMID: 37359557 PMCID: PMC10288996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) are heterogeneous self-reactive antibodies that target the chromatin network, the speckled, the nucleoli, and other nuclear regions. The immunological aberration for ANA production remains partially understood, but ANA are known to be pathogenic, especially, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Most SLE patients exhibit a highly polygenic disease involving multiple organs, but in rare complement C1q, C1r, or C1s deficiencies, the disease can become largely monogenic. Increasing evidence point to intrinsic autoimmunogenicity of the nuclei. Necrotic cells release fragmented chromatins as nucleosomes and the alarmin HMGB1 is associated with the nucleosomes to activate TLRs and confer anti-chromatin autoimmunogenecity. In speckled regions, the major ANA targets Sm/RNP and SSA/Ro contain snRNAs that confer autoimmunogenecity to Sm/RNP and SSA/Ro antigens. Recently, three GAR/RGG-containing alarmins have been identified in the nucleolus that helps explain its high autoimmunogenicity. Interestingly, C1q binds to the nucleoli exposed by necrotic cells to cause protease C1r and C1s activation. C1s cleaves HMGB1 to inactive its alarmin activity. C1 proteases also degrade many nucleolar autoantigens including nucleolin, a major GAR/RGG-containing autoantigen and alarmin. It appears that the different nuclear regions are intrinsically autoimmunogenic by containing autoantigens and alarmins. However, the extracellular complement C1 complex function to dampen nuclear autoimmunogenecity by degrading these nuclear proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Heng Dennis Teo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seng Yin Kelly Wee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Millie Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khai Pang Leong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Cancer cell histone density links global histone acetylation, mitochondrial proteome and histone acetylase inhibitor sensitivity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:882. [PMID: 36030322 PMCID: PMC9420116 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin metabolism is frequently altered in cancer cells and facilitates cancer development. While cancer cells produce large amounts of histones, the protein component of chromatin packaging, during replication, the potential impact of histone density on cancer biology has not been studied systematically. Here, we show that altered histone density affects global histone acetylation, histone deactylase inhibitor sensitivity and altered mitochondrial proteome composition. We present estimates of nuclear histone densities in 373 cancer cell lines, based on Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia data, and we show that a known histone regulator, HMGB1, is linked to histone density aberrations in many cancer cell lines. We further identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase interactor, DCAF6, and a mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly factor, CHCHD4, as histone modulators. As systematic characterization of histone density aberrations in cancer cell lines, this study provides approaches and resources to investigate the impact of histone density on cancer biology. Elevated histone density is associated with global histone acetylation, histone deacetylase inhibitor sensitivity and altered mitochondrial proteome composition, with histone regulator HMGB1 linked to histone density aberrations in many cancer cell lines.
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Hu M, Zheng H, Wu J, Sun Y, Wang T, Chen S. DDX5: an expectable treater for viral infection- a literature review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:712. [PMID: 35845539 PMCID: PMC9279824 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective DEAD-box protein (DDX)5 plays important roles in multiple aspects of cellular processes that require modulating RNA structure. Alongside the canonical role of DDX5 in RNA metabolism, many reports have shown that DDX5 influences viral infection by directly interacting with viral proteins. However, the functional role of DDX5 in virus-associated cancers, as well as the identity of DDX5 in virus infection-associated signaling pathways, has remained largely unexplained. Here, we further explore the precise functions of DDX5 and its potential targets for antiviral treatment. Methods We searched the PubMed and PMC databases to identify studies on role of DDXs, especially DDX5, during various viral infection published up to May 2022. Key Content and Findings DDX5 functions as both a viral infection helper and inhibitor, which depends on virus type. DDXs proteins have been identified to play roles on multiple aspects covering RNA metabolism and function. Conclusions DDX5 influences viral pathogenesis by participating in viral replication and multiple viral infection-related signaling pathways, it also plays a double-edge sword role under different viral infection conditions. Deep investigation into the mechanism of DDX5 modulating immune response in host cells revealed that it holds highly potential usage for future antiviral therapy. We reviewed current studies to provide a comprehensive update of the role of DDX5 in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Hu
- Clinical Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- Clinical Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao China
| | - Jingqi Wu
- Microbiology Department, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianying Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Clinical Lab, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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Wang Z, Lv Z, Xu Q, Sun L, Yuan Y. Identification of differential proteomics in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer and related functional analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:368. [PMID: 34247602 PMCID: PMC8274036 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is the most common EBV-related malignancy. A comprehensive research for the protein expression patterns in EBVaGC established by high-throughput assay remains lacking. In the present study, the protein profile in EBVaGC tissue was explored and related functional analysis was performed. METHODS Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH) was applied to EBV detection in GC cases. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS) was performed for proteomics assay of EBVaGC. Functional analysis of identified proteins was conducted with bioinformatics methods. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was employed to detect protein expression in tissue. RESULTS The proteomics study for EBVaGC was conducted with 7 pairs of GC cases. A total of 137 differentially expressed proteins in EBV-positive GC group were identified compared with EBV-negative GC group. A PPI network was constructed for all of them, and several proteins with relatively high interaction degrees could be the hub genes in EBVaGC. Gene enrichment analysis showed they might be involved in the biological pathways related to energy and biochemical metabolism. Combined with GEO datasets, a highly associated protein (GBP5) with EBVaGC was screened out and validated with IHC staining. Further analyses demonstrated that GBP5 protein might be associated with clinicopathological parameters and EBV infection in GC. CONCLUSIONS The newly identified proteins with significant differences and potential central roles could be applied as diagnostic markers of EBVaGC. Our study would provide research clues for EBVaGC pathogenesis as well as novel targets for the molecular-targeted therapy of EBVaGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Wang
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Boudreault S, Armero VES, Scott MS, Perreault JP, Bisaillon M. The Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 protein modulates the alternative splicing of cellular genes. Virol J 2019; 16:29. [PMID: 30832682 PMCID: PMC6399920 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mRNA maturation step that allows increased variability and diversity of proteins in eukaryotes. AS is dysregulated in numerous diseases, and its implication in the carcinogenic process is well known. However, progress in understanding how oncogenic viruses modulate splicing, and how this modulation is involved in viral oncogenicity has been limited. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is involved in various cancers, and its EBNA1 oncoprotein is the only viral protein expressed in all EBV malignancies. Methods In the present study, the ability of EBNA1 to modulate the AS of cellular genes was assessed using a high-throughput RT-PCR approach to examine AS in 1238 cancer-associated genes. RNA immunoprecipitation coupled to RNA sequencing (RIP-Seq) assays were also performed to identify cellular mRNAs bound by EBNA1. Results Upon EBNA1 expression, we detected modifications to the AS profiles of 89 genes involved in cancer. Moreover, we show that EBNA1 modulates the expression levels of various splicing factors such as hnRNPA1, FOX-2, and SF1. Finally, RNA immunoprecipitation coupled to RIP-Seq assays demonstrate that EBNA1 immunoprecipitates specific cellular mRNAs, but not the ones that are spliced differently in EBNA1-expressing cells. Conclusion The EBNA1 protein can modulate the AS profiles of numerous cellular genes. Interestingly, this modulation protein does not require the RNA binding activity of EBNA1. Overall, these findings underline the novel role of EBNA1 as a cellular splicing modulator. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-019-1137-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Boudreault
- Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Victoria E S Armero
- Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Perreault
- Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Martin Bisaillon
- Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1E 4K8, Canada.
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Roles of DDX5 in the tumorigenesis, proliferation, differentiation, metastasis and pathway regulation of human malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:85-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cheng W, Chen G, Jia H, He X, Jing Z. DDX5 RNA Helicases: Emerging Roles in Viral Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041122. [PMID: 29642538 PMCID: PMC5979547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD)-box polypeptide 5 (DDX5), also called p68, is a prototypical member of the large ATP-dependent RNA helicases family and is known to participate in all aspects of RNA metabolism ranging from transcription to translation, RNA decay, and miRNA processing. The roles of DDX5 in cell cycle regulation, tumorigenesis, apoptosis, cancer development, adipogenesis, Wnt-β-catenin signaling, and viral infection have been established. Several RNA viruses have been reported to hijack DDX5 to facilitate various steps of their replication cycles. Furthermore, DDX5 can be bounded by the viral proteins of some viruses with unknown functions. Interestingly, an antiviral function of DDX5 has been reported during hepatitis B virus and myxoma virus infection. Thus, the precise roles of this apparently multifaceted protein remain largely obscure. Here, we provide a rapid and critical overview of the structure and functions of DDX5 with a particular emphasis on its role during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Guohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Huaijie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaobing He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Zhizhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
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