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Henrio Marcellin DF, Huang J. Exploring Zika Virus Impact on Endothelial Permeability: Insights into Transcytosis Mechanisms and Vascular Leakage. Viruses 2024; 16:629. [PMID: 38675970 PMCID: PMC11054372 DOI: 10.3390/v16040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Treating brain disease is challenging, and the Zika virus (ZIKV) presents a unique obstacle due to its neuroinvasive nature. In this review, we discuss the immunopathogenesis of ZIKV and explore how the virus interacts with the body's immune responses and the role of the protein Mfsd2a in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during ZIKV neuroinvasion. ZIKV has emerged as a significant public health concern due to its association with severe neurological problems, including microcephaly and Gillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Understanding its journey through the brain-particularly its interaction with the placenta and BBB-is crucial. The placenta, which is designed to protect the fetus, becomes a pathway for ZIKV when infected. The BBB is composed of brain endothelial cells, acts as a second barrier, and protects the fetal brain. However, ZIKV finds ways to disrupt these barriers, leading to potential damage. This study explores the mechanisms by which ZIKV enters the CNS and highlights the role of transcytosis, which allows the virus to move through the cells without significantly disrupting the BBB. Although the exact mechanisms of transcytosis are unclear, research suggests that ZIKV may utilize this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
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2
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Kulkarni A, Jozefiaková J, Bhide K, Mochnaćová E, Bhide M. Differential transcriptome response of blood brain barrier spheroids to neuroinvasive Neisseria and Borrelia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1326578. [PMID: 38179419 PMCID: PMC10766361 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1326578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly regulated interface between the blood and the brain, prevents blood-borne substances and pathogens from entering the CNS. Nevertheless, pathogens like Neisseria meningitidis and Borrelia bavariensis can breach the BBB and infect the brain parenchyma. The self-assembling BBB-spheroids can simulate the cross talk occurring between the cells of the barrier and neuroinvasive pathogens. Methods BBB spheroids were generated by co-culturing human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs), pericytes and astrocytes. The BBB attributes of spheroids were confirmed by mapping the localization of cells, observing permeability of angiopep2 and non-permeability of dextran. Fluorescent Neisseria, Borrelia or E. coli (non-neuroinvasive) were incubated with spheroids to observe the adherence, invasion and spheroid integrity. Transcriptome analysis with NGS was employed to investigate the response of BBB cells to infections. Results hBMECs were localized throughout the spheroids, whereas pericytes and astrocytes were concentrated around the core. Within 1 hr of exposure, Neisseria and Borrelia adhered to spheroids, and their microcolonization increased from 5 to 24 hrs. Integrity of spheroids was compromised by both Neisseria and Borrelia, but not by E. coli infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant change in the expression of 781 genes (467 up and 314 down regulated) in spheroids infected with Neisseria, while Borrelia altered the expression of 621 genes (225 up and 396 down regulated). The differentially expressed genes could be clustered into various biological pathways like cell adhesion, extracellular matrix related, metallothionines, members of TGF beta, WNT signaling, and immune response. Among the differentially expressed genes, 455 (48%) genes were inversely expressed during Neisseria and Borrelia infection. Conclusion The self-assembling spheroids were used to perceive the BBB response to neuroinvasive pathogens - Neisseria and Borrelia. Compromised integrity of spheroids during Neisseria and Borrelia infection as opposed to its intactness and non-adherence of E. coli (non-neuroinvasive) denotes the pathogen dependent fate of BBB. Genes categorized into various biological functions indicated weakened barrier properties of BBB and heightened innate immune response. Inverse expression of 48% genes commonly identified during Neisseria and Borrelia infection exemplifies unique response of BBB to varying neuropathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amod Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
- Institute of Neuroimmunology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jozefiaková
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Evelína Mochnaćová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
- Institute of Neuroimmunology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Schönherr-Hellec S, Chatzopoulou E, Barnier JP, Atlas Y, Dupichaud S, Guilbert T, Dupraz Y, Meyer J, Chaussain C, Gorin C, Nassif X, Germain S, Muller L, Coureuil M. Implantation of engineered human microvasculature to study human infectious diseases in mouse models. iScience 2023; 26:106286. [PMID: 36942053 PMCID: PMC10024136 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for studying human pathogens are crucially lacking. We describe the implantation in mice of engineered human mature microvasculature consisting of endothelial and perivascular cells embedded in collagen hydrogel that allows investigation of pathogen interactions with the endothelium, including in vivo functional studies. Using Neisseria meningitidis as a paradigm of human-restricted infection, we demonstrated the strength and opportunities associated with the use of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Schönherr-Hellec
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Eirini Chatzopoulou
- Université Paris Cité, UPR2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, UFR Odontologie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Barnier
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Atlas
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Dupichaud
- Cell Imaging Platform, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yves Dupraz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Julie Meyer
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université Paris Cité, UPR2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, UFR Odontologie, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Services Médecines bucco-dentaire (GH Paris Sud-Sorbonne Université, Paris Nord-Université Paris Cité), Paris, France
| | - Caroline Gorin
- Université Paris Cité, UPR2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant, UFR Odontologie, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Services Médecines bucco-dentaire (GH Paris Sud-Sorbonne Université, Paris Nord-Université Paris Cité), Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
- Corresponding author
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4
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Chotiwan N, Rosendal E, Willekens SMA, Schexnaydre E, Nilsson E, Lindqvist R, Hahn M, Mihai IS, Morini F, Zhang J, Ebel GD, Carlson LA, Henriksson J, Ahlgren U, Marcellino D, Överby AK. Type I interferon shapes brain distribution and tropism of tick-borne flavivirus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2007. [PMID: 37037810 PMCID: PMC10086010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral tropism within the brain and the role(s) of vertebrate immune response to neurotropic flaviviruses infection is largely understudied. We combine multimodal imaging (cm-nm scale) with single nuclei RNA-sequencing to study Langat virus in wildtype and interferon alpha/beta receptor knockout (Ifnar-/-) mice to visualize viral pathogenesis and define molecular mechanisms. Whole brain viral infection is imaged by Optical Projection Tomography coregistered to ex vivo MRI. Infection is limited to grey matter of sensory systems in wildtype mice, but extends into white matter, meninges and choroid plexus in Ifnar-/- mice. Cells in wildtype display strong type I and II IFN responses, likely due to Ifnb expressing astrocytes, infiltration of macrophages and Ifng-expressing CD8+ NK cells, whereas in Ifnar-/-, the absence of this response contributes to a shift in cellular tropism towards non-activated resident microglia. Multimodal imaging-transcriptomics exemplifies a powerful way to characterize mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunya Chotiwan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand.
| | - Ebba Rosendal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefanie M A Willekens
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erin Schexnaydre
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Max Hahn
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ionut Sebastian Mihai
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Department of Molecular biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Företagsforskarskolan, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Federico Morini
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lars-Anders Carlson
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Henriksson
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Department of Molecular biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Marcellino
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna K Överby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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5
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Garrison AT, Bignold RE, Wu X, Johnson JR. Pericytes: The lung-forgotten cell type. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1150028. [PMID: 37035669 PMCID: PMC10076600 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1150028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are a heterogeneous population of mesenchymal cells located on the abluminal surface of microvessels, where they provide structural and biochemical support. Pericytes have been implicated in numerous lung diseases including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and allergic asthma due to their ability to differentiate into scar-forming myofibroblasts, leading to collagen deposition and matrix remodelling and thus driving tissue fibrosis. Pericyte-extracellular matrix interactions as well as other biochemical cues play crucial roles in these processes. In this review, we give an overview of lung pericytes, the key pro-fibrotic mediators they interact with, and detail recent advances in preclinical studies on how pericytes are disrupted and contribute to lung diseases including PAH, allergic asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several recent studies using mouse models of PAH have demonstrated that pericytes contribute to these pathological events; efforts are currently underway to mitigate pericyte dysfunction in PAH by targeting the TGF-β, CXCR7, and CXCR4 signalling pathways. In allergic asthma, the dissociation of pericytes from the endothelium of blood vessels and their migration towards inflamed areas of the airway contribute to the characteristic airway remodelling observed in allergic asthma. Although several factors have been suggested to influence this migration such as TGF-β, IL-4, IL-13, and periostin, recent evidence points to the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway as a potential therapeutic target. Pericytes might also play an essential role in lung dysfunction in response to ageing, as they are responsive to environmental risk factors such as cigarette smoke and air pollutants, which are the main drivers of COPD. However, there is currently no direct evidence delineating the contribution of pericytes to COPD pathology. Although there is a lack of human clinical data, the recent available evidence derived from in vitro and animal-based models shows that pericytes play important roles in the initiation and maintenance of chronic lung diseases and are amenable to pharmacological interventions. Therefore, further studies in this field are required to elucidate if targeting pericytes can treat lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise T. Garrison
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E. Bignold
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xinhui Wu
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jill R. Johnson
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Poppell M, Hammel G, Ren Y. Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5925. [PMID: 36982999 PMCID: PMC10059890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can be characterized as a very multifunctional cell type with a spectrum of phenotypes and functions being observed spatially and temporally in various disease states. Ample studies have now demonstrated a possible causal link between macrophage activation and the development of autoimmune disorders. How these cells may be contributing to the adaptive immune response and potentially perpetuating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and neural injuries is not fully understood. Within this review, we hope to illustrate the role that macrophages and microglia play as initiators of adaptive immune response in various CNS diseases by offering evidence of: (1) the types of immune responses and the processes of antigen presentation in each disease, (2) receptors involved in macrophage/microglial phagocytosis of disease-related cell debris or molecules, and, finally, (3) the implications of macrophages/microglia on the pathogenesis of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Bonetto V, Pasetto L, Lisi I, Carbonara M, Zangari R, Ferrari E, Punzi V, Luotti S, Bottino N, Biagianti B, Moglia C, Fuda G, Gualtierotti R, Blasi F, Canetta C, Montano N, Tettamanti M, Camera G, Grimoldi M, Negro G, Rifino N, Calvo A, Brambilla P, Biroli F, Bandera A, Nobili A, Stocchetti N, Sessa M, Zanier ER. Markers of blood-brain barrier disruption increase early and persistently in COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1070379. [PMID: 36591311 PMCID: PMC9798841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with disorders affecting the peripheral and the central nervous system. A high number of patients develop post-COVID-19 syndrome with the persistence of a large spectrum of symptoms, including neurological, beyond 4 weeks after infection. Several potential mechanisms in the acute phase have been hypothesized, including damage of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). We tested weather markers of BBB damage in association with markers of brain injury and systemic inflammation may help in identifying a blood signature for disease severity and neurological complications. Methods Blood biomarkers of BBB disruption (MMP-9, GFAP), neuronal damage (NFL) and systemic inflammation (PPIA, IL-10, TNFα) were measured in two COVID-19 patient cohorts with high disease severity (ICUCovid; n=79) and with neurological complications (NeuroCovid; n=78), and in two control groups free from COVID-19 history, healthy subjects (n=20) and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; n=51). Samples from COVID-19 patients were collected during the first and the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Lombardy, Italy. Evaluations were done at acute and chronic phases of the COVID-19 infection. Results Blood biomarkers of BBB disruption and neuronal damage are high in COVID-19 patients with levels similar to or higher than ALS. NeuroCovid patients display lower levels of the cytokine storm inducer PPIA but higher levels of MMP-9 than ICUCovid patients. There was evidence of different temporal dynamics in ICUCovid compared to NeuroCovid patients with PPIA and IL-10 showing the highest levels in ICUCovid patients at acute phase. On the contrary, MMP-9 was higher at acute phase in NeuroCovid patients, with a severity dependency in the long-term. We also found a clear severity dependency of NFL and GFAP levels, with deceased patients showing the highest levels. Discussion The overall picture points to an increased risk for neurological complications in association with high levels of biomarkers of BBB disruption. Our observations may provide hints for therapeutic approaches mitigating BBB disruption to reduce the neurological damage in the acute phase and potential dysfunction in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Pasetto
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lisi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Carbonara
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalia Zangari
- FROM Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Erica Ferrari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Punzi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Luotti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Bottino
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Biagianti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- “Rita Levi Montalcini”, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fuda
- “Rita Levi Montalcini”, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Blasi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ciro Canetta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Tettamanti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Camera
- Department of Neurology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maria Grimoldi
- Department of Neurology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Negro
- Neurology Section, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicola Rifino
- Division of Neurology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- “Rita Levi Montalcini”, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Biroli
- FROM Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nino Stocchetti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Nino Stocchetti, ; Maria Sessa, ; Elisa R. Zanier,
| | - Maria Sessa
- Department of Neurology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy,*Correspondence: Nino Stocchetti, ; Maria Sessa, ; Elisa R. Zanier,
| | - Elisa R. Zanier
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Nino Stocchetti, ; Maria Sessa, ; Elisa R. Zanier,
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8
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Naranjo O, Torices S, Clifford PR, Daftari MT, Osborne OM, Fattakhov N, Toborek M. Pericyte infection by HIV-1: a fatal attraction. Retrovirology 2022; 19:27. [PMID: 36476484 PMCID: PMC9730689 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While HIV-1 is primarily an infection of CD4 + T cells, there is an emerging interest towards understanding how infection of other cell types can contribute to HIV-associated comorbidities. For HIV-1 to cross from the blood stream into tissues, the virus must come in direct contact with the vascular endothelium, including pericytes that envelope vascular endothelial cells. Pericytes are multifunctional cells that have been recognized for their essential role in angiogenesis, vessel maintenance, and blood flow rate. Most importantly, recent evidence has shown that pericytes can be a target of HIV-1 infection and support an active stage of the viral life cycle, with latency also suggested by in vitro data. Pericyte infection by HIV-1 has been confirmed in the postmortem human brains and in lungs from SIV-infected macaques. Moreover, pericyte dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of pathologies ranging from ischemic stroke to diabetes, which are common comorbidities among people with HIV-1. In this review, we discuss the role of pericytes during HIV-1 infection and their contribution to the progression of HIV-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oandy Naranjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 11336 USA
| | - Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 11336 USA
| | - Paul R. Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 11336 USA
| | - Manav T. Daftari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 11336 USA
| | - Olivia M. Osborne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 11336 USA
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 11336 USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 11336 USA
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9
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Pelisek J, Reutersberg B, Greber UF, Zimmermann A. Vascular dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: update on SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells and the role of long non-coding RNAs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1571-1590. [PMID: 36367091 PMCID: PMC9652506 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease, it may affect also the cardiovascular system. COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disorder (CVD) develop a more severe disease course with a significantly higher mortality rate than non-CVD patients. A common denominator of CVD is the dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs), increased vascular permeability, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, coagulation, and inflammation. It has been assumed that clinical complications in COVID-19 patients suffering from CVD are caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection of ECs through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the cellular transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and the consequent dysfunction of the infected vascular cells. Meanwhile, other factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells have been described, including disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17), the C-type lectin CD209L or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Here, we discuss the current data about the putative entry of SARS-CoV-2 into endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, we highlight the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affecting vascular permeability in CVD, a process that might exacerbate disease in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Chen Y, Wang G, Li J, Xia L, Zhu L, Li W, Luo Q, Liao Y, Lin Y, Bi L, Chen H, Chu J, Li Y, Su J, Ye L, Jiang JJ, Liang H, Li W, An S. CASA: a comprehensive database resource for the COVID-19 Alternative Splicing Atlas. J Transl Med 2022; 20:473. [PMID: 36266726 PMCID: PMC9583055 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a key process in transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, alternative splicing (AS) plays a crucial role in maintaining the diversity of RNA and protein expression, and mediates the immune response in infectious diseases, especially for the COVID-19. Therefore, urgent data gathering and more research of AS profiles in microbe-infected human cells are needed to improve understanding of COVID-19 and related infectious diseases. Herein, we have created CASA, the COVID-19 Alternative Splicing Atlas to provide a convenient computing platform for studies of AS in COVID-19 and COVID-19-related infectious diseases. METHODS In CASA, we reanalyzed thousands of RNA-seq datasets generated from 65 different tissues, organoids and cell lines to systematically obtain quantitative data on AS events under different conditions. A total of 262,994 AS events from various infectious diseases with differing severity were detected and visualized in this database. In order to explore the potential function of dynamics AS events, we performed analysis of functional annotations and drug-target interactions affected by AS in each dataset. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which may regulate these dynamic AS events are also provided for users in this database. RESULTS CASA displays microbe-induced alterations of the host cell splicing landscape across different virus families and helps users identify condition-specific splicing patterns, as well as their potential regulators. CASA may greatly facilitate the exploration of AS profiles and novel mechanisms of host cell splicing by viral manipulation. CASA is freely available at http://www.splicedb.net/casa/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinlu Liao
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liyun Bi
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hubin Chen
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiemei Chu
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yueqi Li
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinming Su
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Ye
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun-Jun Jiang
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sanqi An
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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11
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Roles of Interleukin-6-mediated immunometabolic reprogramming in COVID-19 and other viral infection-associated diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109005. [PMID: 35780641 PMCID: PMC9236983 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a highly pleiotropic glycoprotein factor that can modulate innate and adaptive immunity as well as various aspects of metabolism, including glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, the expression and release of IL-6 is shown to be significantly increased in numerous diseases related to virus infection, and this increase is positively correlated with the disease severity. Immunity and metabolism are two highly integrated and interdependent systems, the balance between them plays a pivotal role in maintaining body homeostasis. IL-6-elicited inflammatory response is found to be closely associated with metabolic disorder in patients with viral infection. This brief review summarizes the regulatory role of IL-6 in immunometabolic reprogramming among seven viral infection-associated diseases.
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Apoptosis during ZIKA Virus Infection: Too Soon or Too Late? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031287. [PMID: 35163212 PMCID: PMC8835863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death by apoptosis is a major cellular response in the control of tissue homeostasis and as a defense mechanism in the case of cellular aggression such as an infection. Cell self-destruction is part of antiviral responses, aimed at limiting the spread of a virus. Although it may contribute to the deleterious effects in infectious pathology, apoptosis remains a key mechanism for viral clearance and the resolution of infection. The control mechanisms of cell death processes by viruses have been extensively studied. Apoptosis can be triggered by different viral determinants through different pathways as a result of virally induced cell stresses and innate immune responses. Zika virus (ZIKV) induces Zika disease in humans, which has caused severe neurological forms, birth defects, and microcephaly in newborns during the last epidemics. ZIKV also surprised by revealing an ability to persist in the genital tract and in semen, thus being sexually transmitted. Mechanisms of diverting antiviral responses such as the interferon response, the role of cytopathic effects and apoptosis in the etiology of the disease have been widely studied and debated. In this review, we examined the interplay between ZIKV infection of different cell types and apoptosis and how the virus deals with this cellular response. We illustrate a duality in the effects of ZIKV-controlled apoptosis, depending on whether it occurs too early or too late, respectively, in neuropathogenesis, or in long-term viral persistence. We further discuss a prospective role for apoptosis in ZIKV-related therapies, and the use of ZIKV as an oncolytic agent.
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13
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Lazebnik Y. Cell fusion as a link between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, COVID-19 complications, and vaccine side effects. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2476-2488. [PMID: 34917266 PMCID: PMC8664391 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinctive feature of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is its ability to efficiently fuse cells, thus producing syncytia found in COVID-19 patients. This commentary proposes how this ability enables spike to cause COVID-19 complications as well as side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, and suggests how these effects can be prevented.
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