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Jabeen S, Ahmed N, Rashid F, Lal N, Kong F, Fu Y, Zhang F. Circular RNAs in tuberculosis and lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119810. [PMID: 38866175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This review signifies the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer (LC), focusing on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. CircRNAs, a newly discovered type of non-coding RNA, have emerged as key regulators of gene expression and promising biomarkers in various bodily fluids due to their stability. The current review discusses circRNA biogenesis, highlighting their RNase-R resistance due to their loop forming structure, making them effective biomarkers. It details their roles in gene regulation, including splicing, transcription control, and miRNA interactions, and their impact on cellular processes and diseases. For LC, the review identifies circRNA dysregulation affecting cell growth, motility, and survival, and their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. In TB, it addresses circRNAs' influence on host anti-TB immune responses, proposing their use as early diagnostic markers. The paper also explores the interplay between TB and LC, emphasizing circRNAs as dual biosignatures, and the necessity for differential diagnosis. It concludes that no single circRNA biomarker is universally applicable for both TB and LC. Ultimately, the review highlights the pivotal role of circRNAs in TB and LC, encouraging further research in biomarker identification and therapeutic development concomitant for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Niaz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Faiqa Rashid
- Department of Bioinformatics And Biosciences, Capital University Of Science & Technology, Islamabad Expressway, Kahuta Road, Zone-V, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nand Lal
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fanhui Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yingmei Fu
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin 150081, China.
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Chen Y, Han Z, Zhang S, Liu H, Wang K, Liu J, Liu F, Yu S, Sai N, Mai H, Zhou X, Zhou C, Wen Q, Ma L. ERK1/2-CEBPB Axis-Regulated hBD1 Enhances Anti-Tuberculosis Capacity in Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2408. [PMID: 38397085 PMCID: PMC10889425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a global health crisis with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC-II) play a critical role in the pulmonary immune response against Mtb infection by secreting effector molecules such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Here, human β-defensin 1 (hBD1), an important AMP produced by AEC-II, has been demonstrated to exert potent anti-tuberculosis activity. HBD1 overexpression effectively inhibited Mtb proliferation in AEC-II, while mice lacking hBD1 exhibited susceptibility to Mtb and increased lung tissue inflammation. Mechanistically, in A549 cells infected with Mtb, STAT1 negatively regulated hBD1 transcription, while CEBPB was the primary transcription factor upregulating hBD1 expression. Furthermore, we revealed that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway activated by Mtb infection led to CEBPB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, which subsequently promoted hBD1 expression. Our findings suggest that the ERK1/2-CEBPB-hBD1 regulatory axis can be a potential therapeutic target for anti-tuberculosis therapy aimed at enhancing the immune response of AEC-II cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxin Chen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenyu Han
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sian Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Feichang Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shiyun Yu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Na Sai
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haiyan Mai
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (K.W.); (J.L.); (F.L.); (S.Y.); (N.S.); (H.M.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Barrera-Rosales A, Rodríguez-Sanoja R, Hernández-Pando R, Moreno-Mendieta S. The Use of Particulate Systems for Tuberculosis Prophylaxis and Treatment: Opportunities and Challenges. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1988. [PMID: 37630548 PMCID: PMC10459556 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of particles to develop vaccines and treatments for a wide variety of diseases has increased, and their success has been demonstrated in preclinical investigations. Accurately targeting cells and minimizing doses and adverse side effects, while inducing an adequate biological response, are important advantages that particulate systems offer. The most used particulate systems are liposomes and their derivatives, immunostimulatory complexes, virus-like particles, and organic or inorganic nano- and microparticles. Most of these systems have been proven using therapeutic or prophylactic approaches to control tuberculosis, one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide. This article reviews the progress and current state of the use of particles for the administration of TB vaccines and treatments in vitro and in vivo, with a special emphasis on polymeric particles. In addition, we discuss the challenges and benefits of using these particulate systems to provide researchers with an overview of the most promising strategies in current preclinical trials, offering a perspective on their progress to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Barrera-Rosales
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México;
| | - Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (R.R.-S.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Silvia Moreno-Mendieta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (R.R.-S.)
- CONAHCyT, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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Polinário G, Primo LMDG, Rosa MABC, Dett FHM, Barbugli PA, Roque-Borda CA, Pavan FR. Antimicrobial peptides as drugs with double response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfections in lung cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1183247. [PMID: 37342560 PMCID: PMC10277934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1183247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis and lung cancer are, in many cases, correlated diseases that can be confused because they have similar symptoms. Many meta-analyses have proven that there is a greater chance of developing lung cancer in patients who have active pulmonary tuberculosis. It is, therefore, important to monitor the patient for a long time after recovery and search for combined therapies that can treat both diseases, as well as face the great problem of drug resistance. Peptides are molecules derived from the breakdown of proteins, and the membranolytic class is already being studied. It has been proposed that these molecules destabilize cellular homeostasis, performing a dual antimicrobial and anticancer function and offering several possibilities of adaptation for adequate delivery and action. In this review, we focus on two important reason for the use of multifunctional peptides or peptides, namely the double activity and no harmful effects on humans. We review some of the main antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory bioactive peptides and highlight four that have anti-tuberculosis and anti-cancer activity, which may contribute to obtaining drugs with this dual functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Polinário
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jacobo-Delgado YM, Rodríguez-Carlos A, Serrano CJ, Rivas-Santiago B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-wall and antimicrobial peptides: a mission impossible? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194923. [PMID: 37266428 PMCID: PMC10230078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most important infectious agents worldwide and causes more than 1.5 million deaths annually. To make matters worse, the drug resistance among Mtb strains has risen substantially in the last few decades. Nowadays, it is not uncommon to find patients infected with Mtb strains that are virtually resistant to all antibiotics, which has led to the urgent search for new molecules and therapies. Over previous decades, several studies have demonstrated the efficiency of antimicrobial peptides to eliminate even multidrug-resistant bacteria, making them outstanding candidates to counterattack this growing health problem. Nevertheless, the complexity of the Mtb cell wall makes us wonder whether antimicrobial peptides can effectively kill this persistent Mycobacterium. In the present review, we explore the complexity of the Mtb cell wall and analyze the effectiveness of antimicrobial peptides to eliminate the bacilli.
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In Vitro Antimycobacterial Activity of Human Lactoferrin-Derived Peptide, D-hLF 1-11, against Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Synergistic Effect with Rifampicin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121785. [PMID: 36551443 PMCID: PMC9774897 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Although TB is treatable, multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and totally drug-resistant forms of M. tuberculosis have become a new life-threatening concern. New anti-TB drugs that are capable of curing these drug-resistant strains are urgently needed. The purpose of this study is to determine the antimycobacterial activity of D-enantiomer human lactoferricin 1-11 (D-hLF 1-11) against mycobacteria in vitro using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dephenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay, resazurin microplate assay, and microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay. Three previously described antimicrobial peptides, protegrin-1, AK 15-6, and melittin, with potent anti-TB activity, were included in this study. The findings suggest that D-hLF 1-11 can inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 100−200 µg/mL in susceptible, isoniazid (INH)-monoresistant, rifampicin (RF)-monoresistant, and MDR strains. The peptide can also inhibit some nontuberculous mycobacteria and other MTBC in similar concentrations. The antibiofilm activity of D-hLF 1-11 against the biofilm-forming M. abscessus was determined by crystal violet staining, and no significant difference is observed between the treated and untreated biofilm control. The checkerboard assay was subsequently carried out with M. tuberculosis H37Rv and the results indicate that D-hLF 1-11 displays an additive effect when combined with INH and a synergistic effect when combined with RF, with fractional inhibitory concentration indices of 0.730 and 0.312, respectively. The red blood cell hemolytic assay was initially applied for the toxicity determination of D-hLF 1-11, and negligible hemolysis (<1%) was observed, despite a concentration of up to 4 mg/mL being evaluated. Overall, D-hLF 1-11 has potential as a novel antimycobacterial agent for the future treatment of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis infections.
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Jadhav K, Singh R, Ray E, Singh AK, Verma RK. Taming the Devil: Antimicrobial Peptides for Safer TB Therapeutics. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:643-656. [PMID: 35619262 DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220526161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious infection with extensive mortality and morbidity. The rise of TB-superbugs (drug-resistant strains) with the increase of their resistance to conventional antibiotics has prompted a further search for new anti-mycobacterial agents. It is difficult to breach the barriers around TB bacteria, including mycolic cell wall, granuloma, biofilm and mucus, by conventional antibiotics in a short span of time. Hence, there is an essential need for molecules with an unconventional mode of action and structure that can efficiently break the barriers around mycobacterium. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are essential components of innate immunity having cationic and amphipathic characteristics. Lines of evidence show that AMPs have good myco-bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against normal as well as antibiotic-resistant TB bacteria. These peptides have shown direct killing of bacteria by membrane lysis and indirect killing by activation of innate immune response in host cells by interacting with the component of the bacterial membrane and intracellular targets through diverse mechanisms. Despite a good anti-mycobacterial activity, some undesirable characteristics are also associated with AMP, including hemolysis, cytotoxicity, susceptibility to proteolysis and poor pharmacokinetic profile, and hence only a few clinical studies have been conducted with these biomolecules. The design of new combinatorial therapies, including AMPs and particulate drug delivery systems, could be new potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics to fight MDR- and XDRTB. This review outlined the array of AMP roles in TB therapy, possible mechanisms of actions, activities, and current advances in pragmatic strategies to improve challenges accompanying the delivery of AMP for tuberculosis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Jadhav
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Raghuraj Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Eupa Ray
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra-282001, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
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Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Treatment and Prevention of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A Review. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022; 28:132. [PMID: 35891800 PMCID: PMC9305673 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading cause of death worldwide, and the world is fighting with this global health emergency from the past 25 year. The current clinical interventions for the management of TB face a number of inherent challenges which includes low patient compliance due to the long therapy regimen, and emerging antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, there is an unmet need of new anti-TB therapeutic agent with enhanced safety profile, which can reduce the duration of therapy, enhanced bioavailability and efficacy against drug resistant forms of TB. Bacteriocins or anti microbial peptides (AMPs) occurring in microbes, human beings and other life forms have been investigated as host defense peptides. Structurally AMPs are short and ionized and play crucial role in innate immunity of host. Some AMPs can kill microbial infections directly while others function indirectly by altering the host defense mechanisms. Amidst rising issue of antibiotic resistance, AMPs are being tested in clinical research as potential antibiotics and novel therapeutics to fight against infections and non-infectious diseases. Studies have also highlighted the ability of AMPs to act against the bacteria spreading tuberculosis. The present review provides information on antimicrobial peptides, highlights their biological role, classification and mode of action in treatment and prevention of tuberculosis. It further mentions the prospects and challenges of developing peptides for their therapeutic applications against mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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A new bioinspired peptide on defensin from C. annuum fruits: Antimicrobial activity, mechanisms of action and therapeutical potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130218. [PMID: 35905923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides, natural or synthetic, appear as promising molecules for antimicrobial therapy because of their both broad antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action. Herein, we determine the anti-Candida and antimycobacterial activities, mechanism of action on yeasts, and cytotoxicity on mammalian cells in the presence of the bioinspired peptide CaDef2.1G27-K44. METHODS CaDef2.1G27-K44 was designed to attain the following criteria: high positive net charge; low molecular weight (<3000 Da); Boman index ≤2.5; and total hydrophobic ratio ≥ 40%. The mechanism of action was studied by growth inhibition, plasma membrane permeabilization, ROS induction, mitochondrial functionality, and metacaspase activity assays. The cytotoxicity on macrophages, monocytes, and erythrocytes were also determined. RESULTS CaDef2.1G27-K44 showed inhibitory activity against Candida spp. with MIC100 values ranging from 25 to 50 μM and the standard and clinical isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIC50 of 33.2 and 55.4 μM, respectively. We demonstrate that CaDef2.1G27-K44 is active against yeasts at different salt concentrations, induced morphological alterations, caused membrane permeabilization, increased ROS, causes loss of mitochondrial functionality, and activation of metacaspases. CaDef2.1G27-K44 has low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained showed that CaDef2.1G27-K44 has great antimicrobial activity against Candida spp. and M. tuberculosis with low toxicity to host cells. For Candida spp., the treatment with CaDef2.1G27-K44 induces a process of regulated cell death with apoptosis-like features. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We show a new AMP bioinspired with physicochemical characteristics important for selectivity and antimicrobial activity, which is a promising candidate for drug development, mainly to control Candida infections.
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de Santana CJC, Pires Júnior OR, Fontes W, Palma MS, Castro MS. Mastoparans: A Group of Multifunctional α-Helical Peptides With Promising Therapeutic Properties. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:824989. [PMID: 35813822 PMCID: PMC9263278 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.824989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically active peptides have been attracting increasing attention, whether to improve the understanding of their mechanisms of action or in the search for new therapeutic drugs. Wasp venoms have been explored as a remarkable source for these molecules. In this review, the main findings on the group of wasp linear cationic α-helical peptides called mastoparans were discussed. These compounds have a wide variety of biological effects, including mast cell degranulation, activation of protein G, phospholipase A2, C, and D activation, serotonin and insulin release, and antimicrobial, hemolytic, and anticancer activities, which could lead to the development of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos José Correia de Santana
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Palma
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Mariana S. Castro
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mariana S. Castro,
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11
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Batista Araujo J, Sastre de Souza G, Lorenzon EN. Indolicidin revisited: biological activity, potential applications and perspectives of an antimicrobial peptide not yet fully explored. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:39. [PMID: 35018535 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, viruses and tumors is a serious threat to public health. Among natural peptides, indolicidin, a 13-residue peptide belonging to the cathelicidin family, deserves special attention. Indolicidin has a broad spectrum of biological activity and is active against a wide range of targets, such as bacteria (Gram+ and Gram-), fungi and viruses. Here, we review the most important features of the biological activity, potential applications and perspectives of indolicidin and its analogs. Although not yet approved for commercialization, this peptide has great potential to be applied in different areas, including the medical, biomedical, food industry and other unexplored areas. To achieve this goal, a multidisciplinary team of researchers must work together to fine tune peptides that overall lead to novel analogs and formulations to combat existing and possibly future diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Sastre de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Prêto, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Vang CK, Dawrs SN, Oberlag NM, Gilmore AE, Hasan NA, Honda JR. Comparative survival of environmental and clinical Mycobacterium abscessus isolates in a variety of diverse host cells. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:3302-3314. [PMID: 34919308 PMCID: PMC9306708 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (MABS) is an emerging, opportunistic pathogen found globally in freshwater biofilms and soil. Typically, isolates are treated as a uniform group of organisms and very little is known about their comparative survival in healthy host cells. We posit that environmentally‐ and clinically derived isolates, show differential infectivity in immune cells and resistance to innate defenses. Methods and Results Six MABS isolates were tested including three water biofilm/soil and three sputum‐derived isolates. A clinical MABS type strain and an environmental isolate of Arthrobacter were also included. MABS counts were significantly higher compared to Arthrobacter after co‐culture with Acanthamoeba lenticulata, BEAS‐2B epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and the THP‐1 macrophage cell line. A rough sputum‐derived MABS isolate emerged as an isolate with higher virulence compared to others tested, as both a pellicle and cord former, survivor in the human cell models tested, inducer of high and prolonged production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and the capacity to evade LL‐37. Conclusions Findings support intraspecies variation between MABS isolates. Significance and Impact of the Study These data indicate subversion of host immune defenses by environmental and clinical MABS isolates is nuanced and maybe isolate dependent, providing new information regarding the pathogenesis of NTM infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmie K Vang
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie N Dawrs
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicole M Oberlag
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Anah E Gilmore
- Professional Biomedical Science Program, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nabeeh A Hasan
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer R Honda
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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13
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Guha S, Ferrie RP, Ghimire J, Ventura CR, Wu E, Sun L, Kim SY, Wiedman GR, Hristova K, Wimley WC. Applications and evolution of melittin, the quintessential membrane active peptide. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114769. [PMID: 34543656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melittin, the main venom component of the European Honeybee, is a cationic linear peptide-amide of 26 amino acid residues with the sequence: GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ-NH2. Melittin binds to lipid bilayer membranes, folds into amphipathic α-helical secondary structure and disrupts the permeability barrier. Since melittin was first described, a remarkable array of activities and potential applications in biology and medicine have been described. Melittin is also a favorite model system for biophysicists to study the structure, folding and function of peptides and proteins in membranes. Melittin has also been used as a template for the evolution of new activities in membranes. Here we overview the rich history of scientific research into the many activities of melittin and outline exciting future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Guha
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan P Ferrie
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jenisha Ghimire
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ventura
- Seton Hall University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Eric Wu
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leisheng Sun
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah Y Kim
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory R Wiedman
- Seton Hall University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Wimley C Wimley
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Raj S, Venugopal U, Pant G, Kalyan M, Arockiaraj J, Krishnan MY, Pasupuleti M. Anti-mycobacterial activity evaluation of designed peptides: cryptic and database filtering based approach. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4891-4899. [PMID: 34244831 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, TB is one of the deadly airborne diseases, which accounts for 10.4 million deaths annually. Serious toxicity issue, prolonged treatment regimens of the current drugs, rise in multidrug-resistant strains, and the unique defensive mechanism makes the development of novel therapeutic molecules against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) an urgent need. As MT has a lengthy latent phase and unique cell wall architecture, a reasonable approach is needed to find molecules having a different killing mechanism rather than traditional approaches. Host defence peptides (HDPs) will be the most promising alternative, potential therapeutic candidates as they target the microbial membrane in particular and are an essential part of the innate immunity of humans. This works demonstrates the utility of "Database filtering" and three-dimensional (3D) modelling approach in finding novel AMPs with appreciable activity towards MT. Results of this study indicate that peptides with 70% hydrophobicity, but without hydrophobicity patches (> 4 hydrophobic amino acids in series) and charge of + 4 or + 5 are most likely to be good anti-tubercular candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Raj
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Umamageswaran Venugopal
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Garima Pant
- Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mitra Kalyan
- Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Manju Y Krishnan
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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15
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Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Tubercular Leads: A Concise Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040323. [PMID: 33918182 PMCID: PMC8065624 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being considered a public health emergency for the last 25 years, tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the deadliest infectious diseases, responsible for over a million deaths every year. The length and toxicity of available treatments and the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis renders standard regimens increasingly inefficient and emphasizes the urgency to develop new approaches that are not only cost- and time-effective but also less toxic. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are small cationic and amphipathic molecules that play a vital role in the host immune system by acting as a first barrier against invading pathogens. The broad spectrum of properties that peptides possess make them one of the best possible alternatives for a new “post-antibiotic” era. In this context, research into AMP as potential anti-tubercular agents has been driven by the increasing danger revolving around the emergence of extremely-resistant strains, the innate resistance that mycobacteria possess and the low compliance of patients towards the toxic anti-TB treatments. In this review, we will focus on AMP from various sources, such as animal, non-animal and synthetic, with reported inhibitory activity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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16
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17
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Joao I, Bujdáková H, Jordao L. Opportunist Coinfections by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Fungi in Immunocompromised Patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110771. [PMID: 33147819 PMCID: PMC7693372 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and many fungal species (spp.) are commonly associated with opportunistic infections (OPIs) in immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, occurrence of concomitant infection by NTM (mainly spp. of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium abscessus complex) and fungal spp. (mainly, Aspergillus fumigatus, Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans) is very challenging and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The most frequent clinical symptoms for coinfection and infection by single agents (fungi or NTM) are similar. For this reason, the accurate identification of the aetiological agent(s) is crucial to select the best treatment approach. Despite the significance of this topic it has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. This review aims at summarizing case reports and studies on NTM and fungi coinfection during the last 20 years. In addition, it briefly characterizes OPIs and coinfection, describes key features of opportunistic pathogens (e.g., NTM and fungi) and human host predisposing conditions to OPIs onset and outcome. The review could interest a wide spectrum of audiences, including medical doctors and scientists, to improve awareness of these infections, leading to early identification in clinical settings and increasing research in the field. Improved diagnosis and availability of therapeutic options might contribute to improve the prognosis of patients’ survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Joao
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Helena Bujdáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (L.J.)
| | - Luisa Jordao
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (L.J.)
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18
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Zhou L, Liu Z, Xu G, Li L, Xuan K, Xu Y, Zhang R. Expression of Melittin in Fusion with GST in Escherichia coli and Its Purification as a Pure Peptide with Good Bacteriostatic Efficacy. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9251-9258. [PMID: 32363276 PMCID: PMC7191569 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The expression and purification of melittin (MET) in microbials are difficult because of its antibacterial activities. In this work, MET was fused with a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tag and expressed in Escherichia coli to overcome its lethality to host cells. The fusion protein GST-MET was highly expressed and then purified by glutathione sepharose high-performance affinity chromatography, digested with prescission protease, and further purified by Superdex Peptide 10/300 GL chromatography. Finally, 3.5 mg/L recombinant melittin (rMET) with a purity of >90% was obtained; its antibacterial activities against Gram-positive Bacillus pumilus and Staphylococcus pasteuri were similar to those of commercial MET. A circular dichroism spectroscopic assay showed that the rMET peptide secondary structure was similar to those of the commercial form. To our knowledge, this is the report of the preparation of active pure rMET with no tags. The successful expression and purification of rMET will enable large-scale, industrial biosynthesis of MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School
of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.
R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School
of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.
R. China
| | - Guanyu Xu
- Xuteli
School, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Li
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School
of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.
R. China
| | - Kaiang Xuan
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School
of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.
R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School
of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.
R. China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School
of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, P.
R. China
- . Tel: +86 510 85197760. Fax: +86 501 85918201
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19
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Häfner S. One drug to cure them all. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:290-293. [PMID: 32173571 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Häfner
- University of Copenhagen, BRIC Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, Lund Group, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Asghar MM, Wang Z, Wang B, Zaidi SAH. Nonrenewable energy-environmental and health effects on human capital: empirical evidence from Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2630-2646. [PMID: 31836971 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This research work reconnoiters the impact of nonrenewable energy (NRE) consumptions, environmental pollution, and mortality rate on human capital in the presence of economic growth and two common diseases, measles and tuberculosis (TB) in Pakistan. The study uses data from 1995 to 2017 and employs the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model to investigate cointegration and long-run dynamics. Results indicate that nonrenewable energy (oil, coal, and gas) increase air pollution, measles, TB cases, and mortality rate, which affect the human capital in Pakistan. The results of the ARDL confirm the long-run and short-run effects of fossils fuels, air pollution, and diseases on human capital. The results of the Granger Causality confirm the feedback hypothesis between nonrenewable consumption and human capital, between air pollution and human capital. Measles and TB diseases Granger cause human capital. The study recommends some essential points for energy management, environmental management, and diseases control programs to uplift the human capital in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Energy Economics and Environmental Management, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sustainable Development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Syed Anees Haider Zaidi
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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21
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Optimization of In Vitro Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare Growth Assays for Therapeutic Development. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020042. [PMID: 30717247 PMCID: PMC6406338 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a complication of lung disease in immunocompromised patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF). The most widespread, disease-causing NTM is Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which colonizes the lungs as a combination of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and other mycobacterial species. While combination drug therapy exists for MAC colonization, there is no cure. Therapeutic development to treat MAC has been difficult because of the slow-growing nature of the bacterial complex, limiting the ability to characterize the bacteria’s growth in response to new therapeutics. The development of a technology that allows observation of both the MAC predominant strains and MAC could provide a means to develop new therapeutics to treat NTM. We have developed a new methodology in which M. avium and M. intracellulare can be optimally grown in short term culture to study each strain independently and in combination, as a monitor of growth kinetics and efficient therapeutic testing protocols.
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