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Louail R, Florin F, Bernard S, Michaud JB, Breton J, Achamrah N, Tavolacci MP, Coëffier M, Ribet D. Invasion of intestinal cells by Staphylococcus warneri, a member of the human gut microbiota. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:4. [PMID: 36707889 PMCID: PMC9881306 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria that colonize different types of human epithelia. These bacteria have a highly variable pathogenic potential ranging from avirulent species to major nosocomial pathogens. Staphylococcus warneri is a CoNS species considered to be nonpathogenic. Here, we identify that S. warneri is a natural member of both human and mouse gut microbiota. In addition, we demonstrate that this bacterium is able to get internalized into human cells. We show that S. warneri efficiently invades several human cell types and, more specifically, intestinal epithelial cells, using actin-dependent mechanisms. In contrast to bona fide pathogens, S. warneri does not actively replicate within intestinal cells or resist killing by macrophages. Together, our results highlight that bacteria from the human gut microbiota that are not associated with a high pathogenic potential, can actively invade intestinal cells and may, in this way, impact intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Louail
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Franklin Florin
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- grid.10400.350000 0001 2108 3034Univ Rouen Normandie, PRIMACEN, HeRacLeS INSERM US51 CNRS UAR2026, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michaud
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Najate Achamrah
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, Department of Nutrition, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, Department of Nutrition, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - David Ribet
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.10400.350000 0001 2108 3034INSERM UMR1073 – Université de Rouen, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France
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Cardoso Guimarães L, Marques de Souza B, de Oliveira Whitaker C, Abreu F, Barreto Rocha Ferreira R, Dos Santos KRN. Increased biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates on surfaces covered with plasma proteins. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34338626 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, the influence of plasma proteins on biofilm formation of clinical isolates in vitro remains unclear.Hypotheses. We hypothesized that coating surfaces with plasma proteins might induce biofilm formation by S. aureus of different clonal lineages.Aim. To evaluate biofilm production by clinical S. aureus isolates of different clonal lineages isolated in Rio de Janeiro hospitals and investigated the presence of biofilm-associated genes.Methodology. This study assessed biofilm production of 60 S. aureus isolates in polystyrene microtitre plates with and without fibrinogen or fibronectin. The biochemical composition of the biofilm matrices was determined and the biofilm formation on fibrinogen-coated surfaces was also evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The presence of biofilm-related genes was detected by PCR, and the typing and functionality of agr operon was also evaluated.Results. Most of the isolates (45 %) were weak biofilm producers or non-producers. However, most of them presented a significant increase in biofilm production on plates covered with plasma proteins. There was no significant difference in biofilm formation between methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S. aureus isolates, or between different clonal lineages, except for ST30-IV (weak producers) and ST239-III (strong producers). The fnbB gene was associated with higher biofilm production.Conclusion. An increase in biofilm production in the presence of plasma proteins highlights the importance of investigating biofilm formation by S. aureus clinical isolates under different conditions since this virulence factor contributes to persistent infections and increased resistance to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrayne Cardoso Guimarães
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marques de Souza
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Abreu
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Eltwisy HO, Abdel-Fattah M, Elsisi AM, Omar MM, Abdelmoteleb AA, El-Mokhtar MA. Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus on primary human skin fibroblast cells. Virulence 2021; 11:1142-1157. [PMID: 32799619 PMCID: PMC7549902 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1809962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STAPHYLOCOCCUS HAEMOLYTICUS (S. haemolyticus) is one of the Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) that inhabits the skin as a commensal. It is increasingly implicated in opportunistic infections, including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) infections. In contrast to the abundance of information available for S. aureus and S. epidermidis, little is known about the pathogenicity of S. haemolyticus, despite the increased prevalence of this pathogen in hospitalized patients. We described, for the first time, the pathogenesis of different clinical isolates of S. haemolyticus isolated from DFU on primary human skin fibroblast (PHSF) cells. Virulence-related genes were investigated, adhesion and invasion assays were carried out using Giemsa stain, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), MTT and flowcytometry assays. Our results showed that most S. haemolyticus carried different sets of virulence-related genes. S. haemolyticus adhered to the PHSF cells to variable degrees. TEM showed that the bacteria were engulfed in a zipper-like mechanism into a vacuole inside the cell. Bacterial internalization was confirmed using flowcytometry and achieved high intracellular levels. PHSF cells infected with S.haemolyticus suffered from amarked decrease in viability and increased apoptosis when treated with whole bacterial suspensions or cell-free supernatants but not with heat-treated cells. After co-culture with PBMCs, S. haemolyticus induced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study highlights the significant development of S. haemolyticus, which was previously considered a contaminant when detected in cultures of clinical samples. Their high ability to adhere, invade and kill the PHSF cells illustrate the severe damage associated with DFU infections. ABBREVIATIONS CoNS, coagulase-negative staphylococci; DFU, diabetic foot ulcer; DM, diabetes mellitus; DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; MTT, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PBMCs,peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PHSF, primary human skin fibroblast; CFU, colony-forming unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala O Eltwisy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Medhat Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Microbiology and Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amani M Elsisi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Deraya University , El-Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt
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Dahyot S, Oxaran V, Niepceron M, Dupart E, Legris S, Destruel L, Didi J, Clamens T, Lesouhaitier O, Zerdoumi Y, Flaman JM, Pestel-Caron M. Role of the LytSR Two-Component Regulatory System in Staphylococcus lugdunensis Biofilm Formation and Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:39. [PMID: 32038604 PMCID: PMC6993578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase negative Staphylococcus recognized as a virulent pathogen. It is responsible for a wide variety of infections, some of which are associated with biofilm production, such as implanted medical device infections or endocarditis. However, little is known about S. lugdunensis regulation of virulence factor expression. Two-component regulatory systems (TCS) play a critical role in bacterial adaptation, survival, and virulence. Among them, LytSR is widely conserved but has variable roles in different organisms, all connected to metabolism or cell death and lysis occurring during biofilm development. Therefore, we investigated here the functions of LytSR in S. lugdunensis pathogenesis. Deletion of lytSR in S. lugdunensis DSM 4804 strain did not alter either susceptibility to Triton X-100 induced autolysis or death induced by antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. Interestingly, ΔlytSR biofilm was characterized by a lower biomass, a lack of tower structures, and a higher rate of dead cells compared to the wild-type strain. Virulence toward Caenorhabditis elegans using a slow-killing assay was significantly reduced for the mutant compared to the wild-type strain. By contrast, the deletion of lytSR had no effect on the cytotoxicity of S. lugdunensis toward the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Transcriptional analyses conducted at mid- and late-exponential phases showed that lytSR deletion affected the expression of 286 genes. Most of them were involved in basic functions such as the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides. Furthermore, LytSR appeared to be involved in the regulation of genes encoding known or putative virulence and colonization factors, including the fibrinogen-binding protein Fbl, the major autolysin AtlL, and the type VII secretion system. Overall, our data suggest that the LytSR TCS is implicated in S. lugdunensis pathogenesis, through its involvement in biofilm formation and potentially by the control of genes encoding putative virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Dahyot
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Department of Bacteriology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Maïté Niepceron
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Eddy Dupart
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphanie Legris
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Laurie Destruel
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jennifer Didi
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Clamens
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Evreux, France
| | - Yasmine Zerdoumi
- INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Department of Bacteriology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
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Shi MM, Monsel A, Rouby JJ, Xu YP, Zhu YG, Qu JM. Inoculation Pneumonia Caused by Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2198. [PMID: 31636610 PMCID: PMC6787291 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Although frequently retrieved in tracheal secretions of critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, the existence of pneumonia caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) remains controversial. Objective To assess whether Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) inoculated in mice’s trachea can infect normal lung parenchyma, increasing concentrations of S. haemolyticus were intratracheally administered in 221 immunocompetent mice. Methods Each animal received intratracheally phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (n = 43) or live (n = 141) or inactivated (n = 37) S. haemolyticus at increasing load: 1.0 × 106, 1.0 × 107, and 1.0 × 108 colony forming units (CFU). Forty-three animals were sacrificed at 12 h and 178 were sacrificed at 36 h; 64 served for post-mortem lung histology, 157 served for pre-mortem bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis, and 42 served for post-mortem quantitative bacteriology of lung tissue. The distribution of biofilm-associated genes was investigated in the S. haemolyticus strain used in our in vivo experiment as well as among 19 other clinical S. haemolyticus strains collected from hospitals or nursing houses. Measurements and Main Results Intratracheal inoculation of 1.0 × 108 CFU live S. haemolyticus caused macroscopic and histological confluent pneumonia with significant increase in BAL white cell count, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2. At 12 h, high concentrations of S. haemolyticus were identified in BAL. At 36 h, lung injury and BAL inflammation were less severe than at 12 h and moderate concentrations of species belonging to the oropharyngeal flora were identified in lung tissue. The inoculation of 1.0 × 106 and 1.0 × 107 CFU live S. haemolyticus caused histologic interstitial pneumonia and moderate BAL inflammation. Similar results were observed after inoculation of inactivated S. haemolyticus. Moreover, biofilm formation was a common phenotype in S. haemolyticus isolates. The low prevalence of the ica operon in our clinical S. haemolyticus strain collection indicated icaA and icaD independent-biofilm formation. Conclusion In immunocompetent spontaneously breathing mice, inoculation of S. haemolyticus causes concentration-dependent lung infection that spontaneously recovers over time. icaA and icaD independent biofilm formation is a common phenotype in S. haemolyticus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Antoine Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR-S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France.,Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Rouby
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Yan-Ping Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Gang Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Osmotic stress induces biofilm production by Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from neonates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:337-341. [PMID: 30885396 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections, particularly in premature neonates, and biofilm formation is a major virulence factor. We characterized biofilm formation by 50 S. epidermidis neonatal isolates under osmotic stress and evaluated the expression of biofilm-associated genes. Phenotypical analyses of biofilm production were performed in culture medium with or without addition of NaCl or glucose. In control medium (no additions), most isolates (84%) were nonproducers or weak biofilm producers. Growth in NaCl-containing medium increased the number of moderate/strong producers, and this increase was even greater in medium containing glucose. Most of the protein-enriched biofilms (60%) could be observed only during growth in glucose, whereas 50% of the polysaccharide-enriched biofilms were observed during growth in NaCl. Studies that evaluate the conditions used to characterize biofilm production are important to help us understand the dynamics of this important virulence factor in S. epidermidis and their impact on neonatal infections.
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Josse J, Laurent F, Diot A. Staphylococcal Adhesion and Host Cell Invasion: Fibronectin-Binding and Other Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2433. [PMID: 29259603 PMCID: PMC5723312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic bacteria from the genus Staphylococcus can cause life-threatening infections such as pneumonia, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, and sepsis. This pathogenicity is closely related to their capacity to bind directly to the extracellular matrix or to host cells. Adhesion is indeed the first step in the formation of biofilm or the invasion of host cells, which protect the bacteria from the host immune system and facilitate chronic infection. Adhesion relies on the expression of a repertoire of surface proteins called adhesins, notably microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules. In this short review, we discuss the main pathway (FnBP-Fn-α5β1 integrin), as well as alternatives, through which Staphylococcus aureus adheres to and then invades non-professional phagocytic cells. We then examine the corresponding mechanisms for coagulase negative staphylococci. There is currently a little understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to internalization. Filling this gap in the literature would therefore be an important step toward limiting the duration of staphylococci infections in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Josse
- International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Institute for Infectious Agents, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Lyon, France.,Microbiology-Mycology Department, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alan Diot
- International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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Szczuka E, Jabłońska L, Kaznowski A. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: pathogenesis, occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and in vitro effects of antimicrobial agents on biofilm-growing bacteria. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1405-1413. [PMID: 27902368 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens that particularly cause infections in patients with implanted medical devices. The present research was performed to study the virulence potential of 53 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus cohnii and Staphylococcus caprae. All clinical strains were clonally unrelated. Isolates carried genes encoding resistance to β-lactam (mecA) (15 %), aminoglycoside [aac(6')/aph(2″)(11 %), aph (3')-IIIa (15 %), ant(4')-Ia (19 %)] and macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLSB) [erm(A) (4 %), erm(B) (13 %), erm(C) (41 %), msr(A) (11 %)] antibiotics. CoNS isolates (64 %) were able to form biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that these biofilms formed a three-dimensional structure composed mainly of living cells. All biofilm-positive strains carried the ica operon. In vitro studies demonstrated that a combination treatment with tigecycline and rifampicin was more effective against biofilms than one with ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration values were 0.062-0.5 µg ml-1 for tigecycline/rifampicin and 0.250-2 µg ml-1 for ciprofloxacin/rifampicin. All CoNS strains adhered to the human epithelial cell line HeLa, and more than half of the isolates were able to invade the HeLa cells, although most invaded relatively poorly. The virulence of CoNS is also attributed to their cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells. Incubation of HeLa cells with culture supernatant of the CoNS isolates resulted in cell death. The results indicate that the pathogenicity of S. capitis, S. auricularis, S. lugdunensis, S. cohnii and S. caprae is multi-factorial, involving the ability of these bacteria to adhere to human epithelial cells, form biofilms and invade and destroy human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczuka
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Jabłońska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Kaznowski
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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9
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Clonality, virulence and the occurrence of genes encoding antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus warneri isolates from bloodstream infections. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:828-836. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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10
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Giormezis N, Kolonitsiou F, Makri A, Vogiatzi A, Christofidou M, Anastassiou ED, Spiliopoulou I. Virulence factors among Staphylococcus lugdunensis are associated with infection sites and clonal spread. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 34:773-8. [PMID: 25471196 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis has emerged as a significant human pathogen, with distinct clinical and microbiological characteristics. Our goal was to identify the virulence factors in S. lugdunensis recovered from infected patients of two Greek hospitals during a six-year period (2008-2013). A collection of 38 S. lugdunensis was tested for biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility, clonal distribution, virulence factors (ica operon, fbl, atlL, vwbl, slush) and antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, ermC) carriage. Strains were classified into pulsotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI DNA digests. The majority (22) was isolated from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), nine from deep-sited infections (DSIs), including three bacteraemias and seven from prosthetic device-associated infections (PDAIs). All isolates were oxacillin-susceptible, mecA-negative and fbl-positive. The highest resistance rate was detected for ampicillin (50%), followed by erythromycin and clindamycin (18.4%). Fourteen isolates (36.8%) produced biofilm, whereas 26/38 (68.4%) carried the ica operon. Biofilm formation was more frequent in isolates from PDAIs. Thirty-six strains (94.7%) carried atlL and 31 (81.6%) carried vwbl, whereas slush was detected in 15 (39.5%). PFGE revealed a low level of genetic diversity: strains were classified into seven pulsotypes, with two major clones (C: 22 and D: nine strains). Type C strains recovered from all infection sites prevailed in biofilm formation and ermC carriage, whereas type D strains associated with SSTIs and DSIs carried more frequently vwbl, slush or both genes. Despite susceptibility to antimicrobials, the clonal expansion and carriage of virulence factors, combined with biofilm-producing ability, render this species an important pathogen that should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Giormezis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Patras, Greece
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Ferreira DDC, Silva GRD, Cavalcante FS, Carmo FLD, Fernandes LA, Moreira S, Passos MRL, Colombo APV, Santos KRND. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in HIV patients: risk factors associated with colonization and/or infection and methods for characterization of isolates - a systematic review. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:770-6. [PMID: 25518036 PMCID: PMC4256048 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(11)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of infections and HIV-infected individuals are frequently susceptible to this pathogen. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to identify both the risk factors associated with colonization/infection by methicillin-resistant S. aureus in HIV patients and the methods used for characterization of isolates. An electronic search of articles published between January 2001 and December 2013 was first conducted. Among 116 studies categorized as being at a quality level of A, B or C, only 9 studies were considered to have high methodological quality (level A). The majority of these studies were retrospective (4/9 studies). The risk factors associated with colonization/infection by S. aureus were use of antimicrobials (4/9 studies), previous hospitalization (4/9 studies) and low CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (<200 cells/μl) (3/9 studies). Culture in mannitol salt agar (3/9 studies) and the latex agglutination test (5/9 studies) were the main methods used for bacterial phenotypic identification. Genotypic profiles were accessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (6/9 studies) and USA300 was the most prevalent lineage (5/9 studies). Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin (3/9 studies) and susceptible to vancomycin (4/9 studies). Ultimately, use of antimicrobials and previous hospitalization were the main risk factors for colonization/infection by methicillin-resistant S. aureus in HIV-infected individuals. However, the numbers of evaluated patients, the exclusion and inclusion criteria and the characterization of the S. aureus isolates were not uniform, which made it difficult to establish the characteristics associated with HIV patients who are colonized/infected by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Bolsista da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), CAPES Foundation, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flavia Lima do Carmo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Microbiana Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Suelen Moreira
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Oral, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Liu C, Shen D, Guo J, Wang K, Wang H, Yan Z, Chen R, Ye L. Clinical and microbiological characterization of Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolates obtained from clinical specimens in a hospital in China. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:168. [PMID: 22866997 PMCID: PMC3480830 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several reports have associated Staphylococcus lugdunensis with the incidence of severe infection in humans; however, the frequency and prevalence of this microorganism and thus the propensity of its antimicrobial drug resistance is unknown in China. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus lugdunensis among six hundred and seventy non-replicate coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates collected in a 12-month period from clinical specimens in the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army in Beijing, China. Results Five (0.7%) of the 670 isolates of CoNS were identified as S. lugdunensis. Whereas three isolates were resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and penicillin and carried the ermC gene and a fourth one was resistant to cefoxitin and penicillin and carried the mecA gene, one isolate was not resistant to any of the tested antimicrobials. Pulse field gel electrophoretic analysis did not reveal widespread epidemiological diversity of the different isolates. Conclusion Hence, even though S. lugdunensis may be yet unrecognized and undefined in China, it still might be the infrequent cause of infection and profound multi-drug resistance in the same population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, General Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100853, China
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