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Analysis of Genetic Relatedness between Gastric and Oral Helicobacter pylori in Patients with Early Gastric Cancer Using Multilocus Sequence Typing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032211. [PMID: 36768541 PMCID: PMC9917182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is the second most colonized site of Helicobacter pylori after the stomach. This study aimed to compare the genetic relatedness between gastric and oral H. pylori in Japanese patients with early gastric cancer through multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis using eight housekeeping genes. Gastric biopsy specimens and oral samples were collected from 21 patients with a fecal antigen test positive for H. pylori. The number of H. pylori allelic profiles ranged from zero to eight since the yield of DNA was small even when the nested PCR was performed. MLST analysis revealed that only one patient had a matching oral and gastric H. pylori genotype, suggesting that different genotypes of H. pylori inhabit the oral cavity and gastric mucosa. The phylogenetic analysis showed that oral H. pylori in six patients was similar to gastric H. pylori, implying that the two strains are related but not of the same origin, and those strains may be infected on separate occasions. It is necessary to establish a culture method for oral H. pylori to elucidate whether the oral cavity acts as the source of gastric infection, as our analysis was based on a limited number of allele sequences.
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Elshair M, Ugai T, Oze I, Kasugai Y, Koyanagi YN, Hara K, Ito H, Matsuo K. Impact of socioeconomic status and sibling number on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: a cross-sectional study in a Japanese population. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 84:374-387. [PMID: 35967946 PMCID: PMC9350568 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.84.2.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a significant risk factor for gastric cancer. The infection is acquired mainly in early childhood and is influenced by environmental factors, including socioeconomic status and sibling number. However, the impact of socioeconomic status and sibling number on Helicobacter pylori infection has not been well studied in Japan. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status, represented by education level, and sibling number on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among 3,423 non-cancer subjects who visited Aichi Cancer Center between 2005 and 2013. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounding variables. Of the 3,423 subjects, 1,459 (42.6%) were Helicobacter pylori-positive. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection linearly decreased with increasing socioeconomic status [ORs (95% CIs) of moderate and high socioeconomic status relative to low socioeconomic status of 0.67 (0.53-0.84) and 0.43 (0.34-0.54), respectively; P trend=9.7×10-17]. In contrast, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection linearly increased with increasing sibling number [ORs (95% CIs) of SN 3-4 and ≥5 relative to sibling number ≤2 of 1.74 (1.47-2.06) and 2.54 (2.12-3.04), respectively; P trend=1.2×10-24]. This study showed that socioeconomic status and sibling number were significantly associated with the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz Elshair
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
,Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
,Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kasugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuriko N. Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
,Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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3
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Shetty V, Lingadakai R, Pai GC, Ballal M. Profile of Helicobacter pylori cagA &vacA genotypes and its association with the spectrum of gastroduodenal disease. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 39:495-499. [PMID: 34172322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Globally, H. pylori virulence factors cagA and vacA genotypes and its variation is leading to the austere form of the gastroduodenal disease. Our objectives were to detect H. pylori in dyspeptic patients from biopsy samples with the validation of the various existing diagnostic tools and to screen the cagA, vacA genotypes profile from biopsy specimens and how it impacts in progression of gastroduodenal disease in southern India. METHODS 374 patients who attended endoscopy unit at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal with their consent obtained their biopsies. H. pylori were detected by HPE, Culture, RUT and PCR and its virulence gene were patterned with PCR. RESULTS The positive rate of H. pylori by HPE, RUT, Culture and PCR were 51.33%, 47.1%, 32.4% and 50.3% respectively and comparison by Bayesian LCMs analysis showed PCR is superior among them. The frequency of H. pylori virulence gene viz cagPAI (cagA) were 80.9%, and vacA alleles-s1m1 (42%), s1m2 (33%) and s2m2 (25%) genotypes by PCR respectively. Four combinations of cagA/vacA genotypes were noted, majority of strains harboured cagA+/vacA s1m1 genotypes (42.6%), interestingly this hyper-virulent strain more frequently seen in severe gastroduodenal disease whereas cagPAI negative strains as well as cagA-/vacA s2m2 combinations (19.1%) are seen most commonly in functional dyspepsia cases and depicted significant association by Chi-square test. CONCLUSIONS This study validates and compares the existing diagnostic methods for detecting H. pylori in biopsies. Also, it reveals some pattern of virulence gene combination will play a vital role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Shetty
- Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ramachandra Lingadakai
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesh C Pai
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mamatha Ballal
- Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Lazebnik LB, Bordin DS, Dekhnich NN, Kozlov RS, Livzan MA, Lyalukova EA, Luzina EV, Belova GV, Abdulkhakov RA, Abdulkhakov SR. The need to strengthen measures for the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Russia. Memorandum. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021:83-96. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-187-3-83-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Justification The participants of the round table on diagnosis and treatment of acid - and Helicobacter-dependent diseases, held on November 20, 2020 at the XXIII congress of the Scientific Society of Gastroenterologists of Russia within the framework of the XV National Congress of Therapists (Authors) having discussed the status of the issue, decided on the need to harmonize measures and pool efforts to reduce the incidence of H. pylori infection by approaching the medical community with this Memorandum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. B. Lazebnik
- “Moscow State University of Medicine and Density n. a. A. I. Evdokimov”
| | - D. S. Bordin
- “Moscow State University of Medicine and Density n. a. A. I. Evdokimov”; GBUZ the mcrpc them. A. S. Loginov; Tver State Medical University
| | - N. N. Dekhnich
- “Smolensk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - R. S. Kozlov
- “Smolensk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - M. A. Livzan
- Omsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health
| | | | - E. V. Luzina
- “Chitaian State Medical Academy” of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - G. V. Belova
- Multifocal Medicine Center of The Central Bank of Russian Federation
| | | | - S. R. Abdulkhakov
- Kazan State Medical University; Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
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5
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Lazebnik LB, Bordin DS, Dekhnich NN, Kozlov RS, Livzan MA, Lyalukova EA, Luzina EV, Belova GV, Abdulkhakov RA, Abdulkhakov SR. The need to strengthen measures for the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Russia. Memorandum. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021:83-96. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-187-3-83-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Justification The participants of the round table on diagnosis and treatment of acid - and Helicobacter-dependent diseases, held on November 20, 2020 at the XXIII congress of the Scientific Society of Gastroenterologists of Russia within the framework of the XV National Congress of Therapists (Authors) having discussed the status of the issue, decided on the need to harmonize measures and pool efforts to reduce the incidence of H. pylori infection by approaching the medical community with this Memorandum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. B. Lazebnik
- “Moscow State University of Medicine and Density n. a. A. I. Evdokimov”
| | - D. S. Bordin
- “Moscow State University of Medicine and Density n. a. A. I. Evdokimov”; GBUZ the mcrpc them. A. S. Loginov; Tver State Medical University
| | - N. N. Dekhnich
- “Smolensk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - R. S. Kozlov
- “Smolensk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - M. A. Livzan
- Omsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health
| | | | - E. V. Luzina
- “Chitaian State Medical Academy” of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - G. V. Belova
- Multifocal Medicine Center of The Central Bank of Russian Federation
| | | | - S. R. Abdulkhakov
- Kazan State Medical University; Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
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Kotilea K, Bontems P, Touati E. Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:17-33. [PMID: 31016621 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human-specific pathogen, which leads to gastric pathologies including gastric cancer. It is a highly unique bacterium considered as a carcinogenic agent. H. pylori remains a major human health problem, responsible for ~90% of the gastric cancer cases. Approximately four billion individuals have been detected for H. pylori infection worldwide in 2015. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the prevalence of H. pylori has been declining in highly industrialized countries of the Western world, whereas prevalence has plateaued at a high level in developing and newly industrialized countries. However, the infection status remains high in immigrants coming from countries with high prevalence of H. pylori infection. H. pylori can be diagnosed both by invasive and non-invasive methods. Urea breath test and stool antigens detection are among the most commonly used non-invasive ones. Although the way H. pylori is transmitted remains still not fully clear, the level of contamination is strongly dependent on the familial and environmental context, with a drastic impact of living conditions with poor hygiene and sanitation. However, familial socioeconomic status is the main risk factor for H. pylori infection among children. In addition, food and water source have a high impact on the prevalence of H. pylori infection worldwide. This chapter highlights the latest knowledge in the epidemiology of H. pylori infection, its diagnosis and critical risk factors responsible for its high prevalence in some populations and geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallirroi Kotilea
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Patrick Bontems
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Eliette Touati
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Kato M, Ota H, Okuda M, Kikuchi S, Satoh K, Shimoyama T, Suzuki H, Handa O, Furuta T, Mabe K, Murakami K, Sugiyama T, Uemura N, Takahashi S. Guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan: 2016 Revised Edition. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12597. [PMID: 31111585 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since "Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection" was set as the indication in the Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research (JSHR) Guidelines 2009, eradication treatment for H. pylori gastritis is covered under insurance since 2013 in Japan, and the number of H. pylori eradication has rapidly increased. Under such circumstances, JSHR has made the third revision to the "Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection" for the first time in 7 years. METHODS The Guideline Committee held 10 meetings. Articles published between the establishment of the 2009 Guidelines and March 2016 were reviewed and classified according to the evidence level; the statements were revised on the basis of this review. After inviting public comments, the revised statements were finalized using the Delphi method. RESULTS There was no change in the basic policy that H. pylori infectious disease is an indication for eradication. Other diseases presumed to be associated with H. pylori infection were added as indications. Serum pepsinogen level, endoscopic examination, and X-ray examination were added to the diagnostic methods. The effects of 1-week triple therapy consisting of potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), amoxicillin, and clarithromycin have improved, and high eradication rates can also be expected with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or P-CAB combined with amoxicillin and metronidazole. If the susceptibility test is not performed, the triple PPI or P-CAB/amoxicillin/metronidazole therapy should be chosen, because the PPI/amoxicillin/metronidazole combination demonstrated a significantly higher eradication rate than PPI/amoxicillin/clarithromycin. In the proposal for gastric cancer prevention, we divided gastric cancer prevention measures by age from adolescent to elderly, who are at an increased gastric cancer risk, and presented measures for gastric cancer prevention primarily based on H. pylori eradication. CONCLUSION We expect the revised guidelines to facilitate appropriate interventions for patients with H. pylori infection and accomplish its eradication and prevention of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototsugu Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate National Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masumi Okuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shogo Kikuchi
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiichi Satoh
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Fellowship Training Center, Medical Education Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Handa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furuta
- Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Mabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate National Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naomi Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
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Merino JS, Araneda L, Lincoñir-Campos P, Parra C, Sáez K, García A. Dinámica de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en lactantes durante los primeros 6 meses de vida. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2019; 37:109-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Osaki T, Zaman C, Yonezawa H, Lin Y, Okuda M, Nozaki E, Hojo F, Kurata S, Hanawa T, Kikuchi S, Kamiya S. Influence of Intestinal Indigenous Microbiota on Intrafamilial Infection by Helicobacter pylori in Japan. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515585 PMCID: PMC5826345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a causative pathogen of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Humans are known to be a natural host for H. pylori and tend to acquire the pathogen before the age of 5 years. The infection may then persist lifelong if eradication therapy is not applied. One of the modes of transmission of H. pylori is between family members, and therefore, the presence of infected family members is an important risk factor in children. However, other environmental factors have not been fully analyzed. The present study was performed to clarify whether and to what extent intestinal microbiota affect H. pylori intrafamilial infection. The fecal specimens from H. pylori-infected infants and H. pylori-infected and non-infected family members were collected in cohort studies conducted by Sasayama City, Hyogo Prefecture from 2010 to 2013. In total, 18 fecal DNA from 5 families were analyzed. Samples were amplified using 16S rRNA universal primers, and the amplicons were sequenced using the Ion PGM system. Principal-coordinate analysis demonstrated that there was no difference in intestinal microbiota between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative groups. In intrafamilial comparison tests, the Manhattan distance of intestinal microbiota between the H. pylori-infected infant proband and H. pylori-negative mother was nearest in the family with low intestinal microbial diversity. However, in the family with the highest intestinal microbial diversity, the nearest Manhattan distance was shown between the H. pylori-infected infant proband and H. pylori-infected mother. The results in this study showed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota was very similar between members of the same family, and as such, colonization with organisms highly similar to the infected parent(s) may be a risk factor for H. pylori infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cynthia Zaman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yonezawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingsong Lin
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masumi Okuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.,Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eriko Nozaki
- Core Laboratory for Proteomics and Genomics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuhito Hojo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hanawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Kikuchi
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Dolan B, Burkitt-Gray L, Shovelin S, Bourke B, Drumm B, Rowland M, Clyne M. The use of stool specimens reveals Helicobacter pylori strain diversity in a cohort of adolescents and their family members in a developed country. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 308:247-255. [PMID: 29153619 PMCID: PMC5864523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection occurs within families but the transmission route is unknown. The use of stool specimens to genotype strains facilitates inclusion of complete families in transmission studies. Therefore, we aimed to use DNA from stools to analyze strain diversity in H. pylori infected families. We genotyped H. pylori strains using specific biprobe qPCR analysis of glmM, recA and hspA. Concentration of H. pylori organisms before DNA isolation enhanced subsequent DNA amplification. We isolated H. pylori DNA from 50 individuals in 13 families. Tm data for at least 2 of the 3 genes and sequencing of the glmM amplicon were analyzed. Similar strains were commonly found in both mothers and children and in siblings. However, 20/50 (40%) individuals had multiple strains and several individuals harbored strains not found in other family members, suggesting that even in developed countries sources of infection outside of the immediate family may exist. Whether infection occurs multiple times or one transmission event with several strains occurs is not known but future studies should aim to analyze strains from children much closer to infection onset. The presence of multiple stains in infected persons has implications for antibiotic sensitivity testing and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Dolan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Lucy Burkitt-Gray
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | - Billy Bourke
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; The National Childrens Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Brendan Drumm
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Marion Rowland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Marguerite Clyne
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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11
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Yokota SI, Konno M, Fujiwara SI, Toita N, Takahashi M, Yamamoto S, Ogasawara N, Shiraishi T. Intrafamilial, Preferentially Mother-to-Child and Intraspousal, Helicobacter pylori Infection in Japan Determined by Mutilocus Sequence Typing and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting. Helicobacter 2015; 20:334-42. [PMID: 25664889 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infection route of Helicobacter pylori has been recognized to be mainly intrafamilial, preferentially mother-to-child, especially in developed countries. To determine the transmission route, we examined whether multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was useful for analysis of intrafamilial infection. The possibility of intraspousal infection was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clonal relationships between strains derived from 35 index Japanese pediatric patients, and their family members were analyzed by two genetic typing procedures, MLST and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting. RESULTS Mostly coincident results were obtained by MLST and RAPD. By MLST, the allele of loci in the isolates mostly matched between the index child and both the father and mother for 9 (25.7%) of the 35 patients, between the index child and the mother for 25 (60.0%) of the 35 patients. CONCLUSIONS MLST is useful for analyzing the infection route of H. pylori as a highly reproducible method. Intrafamilial, especially mother-to-children and sibling, infection is the dominant transmission route. Intraspousal infection is also thought to occur in about a quarter in the Japanese families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Konno
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nariaki Toita
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michiko Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soh Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriko Ogasawara
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shiraishi
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Ding Z, Zhao S, Gong S, Li Z, Mao M, Xu X, Zhou L. Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic Chinese children: a prospective, cross-sectional, population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:1019-26. [PMID: 26271484 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has been published on current Helicobacter pylori infection rate in asymptomatic children in China. AIM To assess current Helicobacter pylori infection rate, distribution characteristics and risk factors in Chinese asymptomatic children. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional, population-based study was performed from 2009 to 2011 in three cities of China. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed by a stool antigen test. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select asymptomatic children including neonates. Socioeconomic details were obtained through a standardised questionnaire. RESULTS Among total of 3491 children (0-18 years), the global infection rate was 6.8% and there were no significant differences between genders. Age specific infection rate between regions was significantly different (P < 0.05). The infection rate significantly increased with age (P for trend <0.01). It was low during the newborn (0.6%) to preschool period and was significantly increased in high school students (13.5%) (P < 0.01). Multivariable regression indicated that hand sanitisation, individually served meals, higher education level of mother, above average living space and residence in urban areas were significantly protective against infection (OR 0.749, 0.698, 0.720, 0.838 and 0.770 respectively). Conversely, consuming meals in unsanitised conditions, sharing towels, receiving pre-chewed food from the mother, artificial feeding and family history of gastrointestinal disease were significantly associated with the risk of infection (OR 1.200, 1.965, 2.002, 1.071 and 2.093 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori infection rate increases with age in Chinese asymptomatic children and is common after 10 years of age. The rate of infection is related to socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - S Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - M Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yonezawa H, Osaki T, Kamiya S. Biofilm Formation by Helicobacter pylori and Its Involvement for Antibiotic Resistance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:914791. [PMID: 26078970 PMCID: PMC4452508 DOI: 10.1155/2015/914791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are communities of microorganisms attached to a surface. Biofilm formation is critical not only for environmental survival but also for successful infection. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of bacterial infection in humans. Some studies demonstrated that this microorganism has biofilm forming ability in the environment and on human gastric mucosa epithelium as well as on in vitro abiotic surfaces. In the environment, H. pylori could be embedded in drinking water biofilms through water distribution system in developed and developing countries so that the drinking water may serve as a reservoir for H. pylori infection. In the human stomach, H. pylori forms biofilms on the surface of gastric mucosa, suggesting one possible explanation for eradication therapy failure. Finally, based on the results of in vitro analyses, H. pylori biofilm formation can decrease susceptibility to antibiotics and H. pylori antibiotic resistance mutations are more frequently generated in biofilms than in planktonic cells. These observations indicated that H. pylori biofilm formation may play an important role in preventing and controlling H. pylori infections. Therefore, investigation of H. pylori biofilm formation could be effective in elucidating the detailed mechanisms of infection and colonization by this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Yonezawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Okuda M, Osaki T, Lin Y, Yonezawa H, Maekawa K, Kamiya S, Fukuda Y, Kikuchi S. Low prevalence and incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: a population-based study in Japan. Helicobacter 2015; 20:133-8. [PMID: 25382113 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection of Helicobacter pylori mainly occurs in childhood. In Japan, incidence of gastric cancer is still high in the senior citizen population, but little is known about the current H. pylori infection status among children or their family members. METHODS As a population-based study, the prevalence of H. pylori infection and change in infection status over a 1-year interval in children were determined. Family members of some participants were also invited to participate in the study to determine their infection status. All children of specific ages attending 16 schools in Sasayama, Hyogo Prefecture, were invited to participate. H. pylori infection was determined by the stool antigen test and diagnosis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and the urea breath test. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori prevalence was 1.9% among 689 children aged 0-8 years in 2010 and 1.8% among 835 children aged 0-11 in 2011. No feco-conversion was observed in 430 children aged 0-8 years (170 were aged 0-4 years) who provided follow-up stool samples after 1 year. The prevalence of infection was 6% (2 of 33) and 38% (6 of 16) in mothers of negative and positive probands (p = .04), respectively, and 12% (3 of 25) and 50% (8 of 16) (p = .01), respectively, in fathers. CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori prevalence in Japanese children is approximately 1.8%, which is much lower than that reported in Japanese adults. New infection may be rare. Parent-to-child infection is thought to be the main infection route of the infrequent infection for children in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Okuda
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Sasayama, Hyogo, Japan
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15
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Osaki T, Konno M, Yonezawa H, Hojo F, Zaman C, Takahashi M, Fujiwara S, Kamiya S. Analysis of intra-familial transmission of Helicobacter pylori in Japanese families. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:67-73. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.080507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Konno
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yonezawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuhito Hojo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cynthia Zaman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Okuda M, Osaki T, Kikuchi S, Ueda J, Lin Y, Yonezawa H, Maekawa K, Hojo F, Kamiya S, Fukuda Y. Evaluation of a stool antigen test using a mAb for native catalase for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adults. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1621-1625. [PMID: 25332372 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.077370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection is important not only for screening of infection but also for epidemiological studies. Stool antigen tests are non-invasive and are convenient to identify H. pylori infection, particularly in children. We evaluated the stool antigen test, which uses a mAb for native catalase of H. pylori developed in Japan. A total of 151 stool samples were collected from participants (52 children and 99 adults) of the Sasayama Cohort Study and stored between -30 and -80 °C. The stool antigen test used was Testmate pylori antigen (TPAg), and was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Furthermore, we conducted a quantitative real-time PCR test and compared the PCR results with those of the TPAg test. When compared with the results in real-time PCR, the sensitivity of TPAg was 89.5 % overall, 82.7 % for children and 92.4 % for adults, and the specificity was 100 %. The accuracy was 93.4 % overall, 90.4 % for children and 94.9 % for adults, and there was no significant difference in the accuracy of TPAg between children and adults. Five of 28 children (18 %) and five of 38 adults (13 %) were PCR positive with negative TPAg results. Four of five children with positive PCR and negative TPAg results were given a (13)C-urea breath test and all four children tested negative. No significant correlation was observed between the TPAg results and DNA numbers of H. pylori in faeces among children or adults. A stool antigen test (TPAg) using a mAb for native catalase is useful for diagnosis of H. pylori in children and adults. Additionally, this test has particularly high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Okuda
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Sasayama, Japan
| | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kikuchi
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Junko Ueda
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yingsong Lin
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hideo Yonezawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Maekawa
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Sasayama, Japan
| | - Fuhito Hojo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukuda
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Sasayama, Japan
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Abstract
Medline and PubMed databases were searched on epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori for the period of April 2013-March 2014. Several studies have shown that the prevalence of H. pylori is still high in most countries. In north European and North American populations, about one-third of adults are still infected, whereas in south and east Europe, South America, and Asia, the prevalence of H. pylori is often higher than 50%. H. pylori remains highly prevalent in immigrants coming from countries with high prevalence of H. pylori. However, the lower prevalence of infection in the younger generations suggests a further decline of H. pylori prevalence in the coming decades. Low socioeconomic conditions in childhood are confirmed to be the most important risk factors for H. pylori infection. Although the way the infection is transmitted is still unclear, interpersonal transmission appears to be the main route. Finally, H. pylori recurrence after successful eradication can still occur, but seems to be an infrequent event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo H Eusebi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
The present manuscript focuses on the new information that was published in the field of diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori this past year. While there is little news about the invasive tests, more data are coming concerning the endoscopic features of H. pylori infection. Major efforts were also done to improve molecular detection of the mutations involved in antibiotic resistance. New antibody-based tests (stool antigen test or indirect antibody tests) were also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Mégraud
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Université de Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U853, 33076, Bordeaux, France
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Abstract
This review concerned the important pediatric studies published between April 2012 and March 2013. Symptomatology in Helicobacter pylori-positive children is nonspecific, except for those suffering from peptic ulcer diseases. Investigation of H. pylori status in children and adolescents with sideropenic anemia is recommended, and it is the aim of several studies worldwide. Associations of H. pylori with plasma ghrelin levels as well as the negative association of H. pylori with atopic disease were interesting objectives for several studies this year. Success rates of sequential therapy tended to be lower in recent studies than in previous trials, which probably reflects the increase in macrolide resistance. A beneficial effect of probiotics was reported although not all trials supported this result in children. Intrafamilial transmission and young age could be major risk factors associated with reinfection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Alarcón
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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