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Ong CY, Lim JL, Galang LD. Extensive pyomyositis of vastus muscles. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 28:30. [PMID: 29138666 PMCID: PMC5681001 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.30.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case study on a patient who presented with low back and thigh pain of one month duration. He was eventually diagnosed with left thigh pyomyositis. Tissue from thigh grew Staphylococcus aureus. With commencement of antibiotics and surgical drainage, patient made recovery despite prolonged hospital stay. The underlying mechanism of the extensive abscess accompanied by lack of systemic symptoms; is related to relative immunocompromised state of having underlying diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yau Ong
- Chong Yau Ong, Department of Family Medicine and General Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, 378 Alexandra Road, 159964 Singapore
| | - Jin Lee Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Malaysia
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Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, although generally identified as a commensal, is also a common cause of human bacterial infections, including of the skin and other soft tissues, bones, bloodstream, and respiratory tract. The history of S. aureus treatment is marked by the development of resistance to each new class of antistaphylococcal antimicrobial drugs, including the penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, glycopeptides, and others, complicating therapy. S. aureus isolates identified in the 1960s were sometimes resistant to methicillin, a ß-lactam antimicrobial active initially against a majority S. aureus strains. These MRSA isolates, resistant to nearly all ß-lactam antimicrobials, were first largely confined to the health care environment and the patients who attended it. However, in the mid-1990s, new strains, known as community-associated (CA-) MRSA strains, emerged. CA-MRSA organisms, compared with health care-associated (HA-) MRSA strain types, are more often susceptible to multiple classes of non ß-lactam antimicrobials. While infections caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains are usually treated with drugs in the ß-lactam class, such as cephalosporins, oxacillin or nafcillin, MRSA infections are treated with drugs in other antimicrobial classes. The glycopeptide drug vancomycin, and in some countries teicoplanin, is the most common drug used to treat severe MRSA infections. There are now other classes of antimicrobials available to treat staphylococcal infections, including several that have been approved after 2009. The antimicrobial management of invasive and noninvasive S. aureus infections in the ambulatory and in-patient settings is the topic of this review. Also discussed are common adverse effects of antistaphylococcal antimicrobial agents, advantages of one agent over another for specific clinical syndromes, and the use of adjunctive therapies such as surgery and intravenous immunoglobulin. We have detailed considerations in the therapy of noninvasive and invasive S. aureus infections. This is followed by sections on specific clinical infectious syndromes including skin and soft tissue infections, bacteremia, endocarditis and intravascular infections, pneumonia, osteomyelitis and vertebral discitis, epidural abscess, septic arthritis, pyomyositis, mastitis, necrotizing fasciitis, orbital infections, endophthalmitis, parotitis, staphylococcal toxinoses, urogenital infections, and central nervous system infections.
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Abstract
Hip pain and fever in children include a broad differential. Most concerning is the possible diagnosis of a septic joint, which carries significant morbidity. We describe the case of a 13-year-old boy with fever and hip pain who was referred to the emergency department with concern for septic hip. The etiology was later discovered to be pyomyositis from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In areas with high prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, it is important for physicians to be aware of this rare, but potentially complicated condition.
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Lin FCF, Jeng KC, Tsai SCS. Oesophageal pyomyositis in an intravenous drug user. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 19:867-8. [PMID: 25125141 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory or infectious disease of the oesophagus occurring in tissue layers beneath but sparing the mucosa may pose a diagnostic challenge. Bacterial pyomyositis has been previously reported occurring mostly in the skeletal muscle. Pyomyositis involving the gastrointestinal tract is extremely rare, and may easily be misdiagnosed due to its nonspecific clinical features. We report a case of an intravenous drug user who presented with oesophageal pyomyositis. Early computed tomography facilitated accurate diagnosis. Adequate drainage followed by antibiotic treatment was effective and the oesophagus was preserved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of oesophageal myositis in an intravenous drug user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Cheau-Feng Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Ching Jeng
- Department of Medical Research, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Stella Chin-Shaw Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lemonick DM. Non-Tropical Pyomyositis Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An Unusual Cause of Bilateral Leg Pain. J Emerg Med 2012; 42:e55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Burdette SD, Watkins RR, Wong KK, Mathew SD, Martin DJ, Markert RJ. Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis compared with non-Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis. J Infect 2012; 64:507-12. [PMID: 22265790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection of skeletal muscle not arising from contiguous infection. It is often hematogenous in origin and typically associated with abscess formation. Our objective was to determine if there were any differences in the clinical presentation of disease between Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and non-Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis. We also sought to determine if methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) occurred more frequently during the final years of the study period. METHODS A retrospective chart review study at three institutions in two cities. RESULTS Sixty cases of pyomyositis were identified between 1990 and 2010. Twenty-nine patients were infected with SA while 31 had other bacterial etiologies or were culture negative. Those with a traumatic event prior to the onset of infection were more likely to have a SA infection while SA infected patients were younger. Our first documented case of MRSA occurred in 2005, but the frequency of MRSA infection remained static over the following five years. CONCLUSIONS Pyomyositis is an emerging infection that is underappreciated by many physicians. While MRSA has emerged as the foremost cause of SA infections in a majority of clinical conditions, in this series most patients still had methicillin-sensitive SA as their cause of pyomyositis. In light of the severity of pyomyositis and the potential for bacteremia (either as a source or complication of the infection), empiric SA therapy should be initiated in all patients until the culture results are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Burdette
- Department of Medicine, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45409, United States.
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Tsiakalos A, Georgiadou SP, Anastasiou I, Sipsas NV, Tzioufas A. Bilateral dilation of the urinary tract due to iliopsoas pyomyositis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2011; 5:195. [PMID: 21599954 PMCID: PMC3114000 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles that arises from hematogenous spread and is caused predominantly by Gram-positive cocci. Case presentation We report a case of iliopsoas pyomyositis in a 25-year-old Greek Caucasian woman with a history of intravenous drug use. Her condition was complicated by bilateral dilation of the ureters and renal calyces as a result of mechanical pressure from inflammation and edema of the involved muscle. The patient did not present aggravation of renal function and was treated successfully solely with intravenous antibiotics, without surgical intervention. This is the first case report describing iliopsoas pyomyositis with reversible bilateral dilation of the urinary tract that was treated successfully with intravenous antibiotics, without surgical intervention. Conclusion We present the first described case of iliopsoas pyomyositis with reversible bilateral hydroureteronephrosis that was treated successfully with intravenous antibiotics, without the necessity of surgical intervention. To our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind in the literature regarding an unexpected event in the course of treating a patient with iliopsoas pyomyositis, and it should be of particular interest to different clinical medical specialties such as internal medicine, infectious disease and urology.
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Medappil N, Adiga P. A 31-year-old female with fever and back pain. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2011; 4:385-8. [PMID: 21887031 PMCID: PMC3162710 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2700.83869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary pyomyositis is a suppurative infection of striated muscle, the diagnosis of which is overlooked or delayed due to its rarity and vague clinical presentation. Though rare in the United States and temperate zones, pyomyositis is more frequently reported from tropical countries. The exact pathogenesis of pyomyositis is uncertain in most cases. The disease progresses through three stages with characteristic features and require a high index of suspicion to institute stage-wise treatment. Newer imaging methods, particularly magnetic resonance imaging, have facilitated the accurate diagnosis of the infection and of the extent of involvement. Early recognition with appropriate antibiotics in the pre-suppurative stage and prompt surgical intervention in the late stages form the corner stone of treatment. Delay in diagnosis can result in increased morbidity and mortality, especially in diabetics and immunocompromised state. Here, we report a case of primary paraspinal pyomyositis in a middle-aged female and emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushif Medappil
- Department of General Surgery, Calicut Medical College, KUHAS, Kerala, India
| | - Prashanth Adiga
- Department of General Surgery, Hassan Medical College, RGUHS, Karnataka, India
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Les infections à Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline (SARM) d’acquisition communautaire. Med Mal Infect 2011; 41:167-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yamamoto T, Nishiyama A, Takano T, Yabe S, Higuchi W, Razvina O, Shi D. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: community transmission, pathogenesis, and drug resistance. J Infect Chemother 2010; 16:225-54. [PMID: 20336341 PMCID: PMC7088255 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-010-0045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is able to persist not only in hospitals (with a high level of antimicrobial agent use) but also in the community (with a low level of antimicrobial agent use). The former is called hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) and the latter community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). It is believed MRSA clones are generated from S. aureus through insertion of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), and outbreaks occur as they spread. Several worldwide and regional clones have been identified, and their epidemiological, clinical, and genetic characteristics have been described. CA-MRSA is likely able to survive in the community because of suitable SCCmec types (type IV or V), a clone-specific colonization/infection nature, toxin profiles (including Pantone-Valentine leucocidin, PVL), and narrow drug resistance patterns. CA-MRSA infections are generally seen in healthy children or young athletes, with unexpected cases of diseases, and also in elderly inpatients, occasionally surprising clinicians used to HA-MRSA infections. CA-MRSA spreads within families and close-contact groups or even through public transport, demonstrating transmission cores. Re-infection (including multifocal infection) frequently occurs, if the cores are not sought out and properly eradicated. Recently, attention has been given to CA-MRSA (USA300), which originated in the US, and is growing as HA-MRSA and also as a worldwide clone. CA-MRSA infection in influenza season has increasingly been noted as well. MRSA is also found in farm and companion animals, and has occasionally transferred to humans. As such, the epidemiological, clinical, and genetic behavior of CA-MRSA, a growing threat, is focused on in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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David MZ, Daum RS. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:616-87. [PMID: 20610826 PMCID: PMC2901661 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00081-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1340] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), endovascular infections, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, foreign-body infections, and sepsis. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were once confined largely to hospitals, other health care environments, and patients frequenting these facilities. Since the mid-1990s, however, there has been an explosion in the number of MRSA infections reported in populations lacking risk factors for exposure to the health care system. This increase in the incidence of MRSA infection has been associated with the recognition of new MRSA clones known as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA strains differ from the older, health care-associated MRSA strains; they infect a different group of patients, they cause different clinical syndromes, they differ in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, they spread rapidly among healthy people in the community, and they frequently cause infections in health care environments as well. This review details what is known about the epidemiology of CA-MRSA strains and the clinical spectrum of infectious syndromes associated with them that ranges from a commensal state to severe, overwhelming infection. It also addresses the therapy of these infections and strategies for their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z David
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, the University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Woodward JF, Sengupta DJ, Cookson BT, Park JO, Dellinger EP. Disseminated Community-Acquired USA300 Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusPyomyositis and Septic Pulmonary Emboli in an Immunocompetent Adult. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2010; 11:59-63. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2009.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhruba J. Sengupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brad T. Cookson
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - James O. Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Patel M. Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, recognition and management. Drugs 2009; 69:693-716. [PMID: 19405550 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200969060-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of infection, particularly in hospitalized patients and those with significant healthcare exposure. In recent years, epidemic community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections occurring in patients without healthcare risk factors have become more frequent. The most common manifestation of CA-MRSA infection is skin and soft tissue infection, although necrotizing pneumonia, sepsis and osteoarticular infections can occur. CA-MRSA strains have become endemic in many communities and are genetically distinct from previously identified MRSA strains. CA-MRSA may be more capable colonizers of humans and more virulent than other S. aureus strains. Specific mechanisms of pathogenicity have not been elucidated, but several factors have been proposed as responsible for the virulence of CA-MRSA, including the Panton-Valentine leukocidin, phenol-soluble modulins and type I arginine catabolic mobile element. The movement of CA-MRSA strains into the nosocomial setting limits the utility of using clinical risk factors alone to designate community- or healthcare-associated status. Identification of unique genetic characteristics and genotyping are valuable tools for MRSA epidemiological studies. Although the optimum pharmacological therapy for CA-MRSA infections has not been determined, many CA-MRSA strains remain broadly susceptible to several non-beta-lactam antibacterial agents. Empirical antibacterial therapy should include an MRSA-active agent, particularly in areas where CA-MRSA is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Abstract
Between October and December 2005, 16 cases of wound botulism were notified to the health authorities of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. All patients were injecting drug users (IDU) and the epidemiological investigations suggested contaminated injection drugs as the most probable source of infection. Clostridium botulinum was cultivated from clinical samples of six patients and molecular typing revealed that the different isolates were clonally identical. Two samples of heroin, one of them provided by a patient, were examined but C. botulinum could not be isolated. This outbreak demonstrates that IDU are at risk for acquiring wound botulism by injecting contaminated drugs. A greater awareness of this disease is needed by physicians and a close cooperation between public health authorities, street workers, operators of sheltered injecting facilities, and medical centres focusing on IDU is essential to prevent and manage outbreaks in IDU in a timely manner.
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Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA 300 Genotype Causing Pyomyositis and Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e318162a9b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gordon RJ, Lowy FD. Pathogenesis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46 Suppl 5:S350-9. [PMID: 18462090 DOI: 10.1086/533591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen capable of causing a wide range of human diseases. However, the role of different virulence factors in the development of staphylococcal infections remains incompletely understood. Some clonal types are well equipped to cause disease across the globe, whereas others are facile at causing disease among community members. In this review, general aspects of staphylococcal pathogenesis are addressed, with emphasis on methicillin-resistant strains. Although methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are not necessarily more virulent than methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strains, some MRSA strains contain factors or genetic backgrounds that may enhance their virulence or may enable them to cause particular clinical syndromes. We examine these pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Gordon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Infectious myositis may be caused by a broad range of bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral agents. Infectious myositis is overall uncommon given the relative resistance of the musculature to infection. For example, inciting events, including trauma, surgery, or the presence of foreign bodies or devitalized tissue, are often present in cases of bacterial myositis. Bacterial causes are categorized by clinical presentation, anatomic location, and causative organisms into the categories of pyomyositis, psoas abscess, Staphylococcus aureus myositis, group A streptococcal necrotizing myositis, group B streptococcal myositis, clostridial gas gangrene, and nonclostridial myositis. Fungal myositis is rare and usually occurs among immunocompromised hosts. Parasitic myositis is most commonly a result of trichinosis or cystericercosis, but other protozoa or helminths may be involved. A parasitic cause of myositis is suggested by the travel history and presence of eosinophilia. Viruses may cause diffuse muscle involvement with clinical manifestations, such as benign acute myositis (most commonly due to influenza virus), pleurodynia (coxsackievirus B), acute rhabdomyolysis, or an immune-mediated polymyositis. The diagnosis of myositis is suggested by the clinical picture and radiologic imaging, and the etiologic agent is confirmed by microbiologic or serologic testing. Therapy is based on the clinical presentation and the underlying pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy F Crum-Cianflone
- Infectious Diseases Division, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California 92134-1005, USA.
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Zalavras CG, Rigopoulos N, Poultsides L, Patzakis MJ. Increased oxacillin resistance in thigh pyomyositis in diabetic patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008; 466:1405-9. [PMID: 18327628 PMCID: PMC2384011 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thigh abscesses due to pyomyositis are uncommon. To guide empiric antibiotic therapy in diabetics we determined the rate of such infections due to oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative organism infections, and whether the occurrence of oxacillin-resistant pathogens increased during the study period. We retrospectively reviewed 39 adult patients with diabetes mellitus treated for a deep thigh abscess. There were 29 men and 10 women; their mean age was 45 years. Comorbidities were present in 15 patients. S. aureus was the most common pathogen, present in 82% (32/39) of our patients. Gram-negative organisms were cultured in 14% (6/39) of patients and anaerobes in 10% (4/39). The infection was polymicrobial in 12 of 39 patients (31%). Oxacillin-resistant S. aureus comprised 25% (8/32) of infections due to S. aureus. Oxacillin-resistance increased during the last 3 years of this study from one of 18 S. aureus isolates from 1994 to 2004 to seven of 14 isolates from 2004 to 2006. In diabetic patients with thigh pyomyositis, empiric antibiotic therapy should provide broad spectrum coverage for oxacillin-resistant S. aureus, Gram-negative, as well as anaerobic organisms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Zalavras
- Department of Orthopaedics, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 1200 N. State St. GNH-3900, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Kalambokis G, Theodorou A, Kosta P, Tsianos EV. Multiple myeloma presenting with pyomyositis caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: report of a case and literature review. Int J Hematol 2008; 87:516-519. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Australia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 31:401-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yanagi T, Kato N, Yamane N, Osawa R, Isu K, Ichimura W. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis presenting with cellulitis-like symptoms. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32:452-3. [PMID: 17425650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Crum-Cianflone NF. Infection and musculoskeletal conditions: Infectious myositis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2007; 20:1083-97. [PMID: 17127198 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infectious myositis, an infection of the skeletal muscle(s), is uncommon. This clinical entity may be caused by viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. Viral etiologies typically cause diffuse myalgias and/or myositis, whereas bacteria and fungi usually lead to a local myositis which may be associated with sites compromised by trauma or surgery and are more common among immunocompromised patients. Localized collections within the muscles are referred to as pyomyositis. Other pyogenic causes of myositis include gas gangrene, group A streptococcal myonecrosis, and other types of non-clostridial myonecrosis. Early recognition and treatment of these conditions are necessary as they may rapidly become life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy F Crum-Cianflone
- Infectious Disease Division, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, Ste. 5, San Diego, CA 92134-1005, USA.
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