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Ma R, Li C, Gao A, Jiang N, Feng X, Li J, Hu W. Evidence-practice gap analysis in the role of tick in brucellosis transmission: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:3. [PMID: 38191468 PMCID: PMC10773131 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a zoonotic affliction instigated by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella and is characterized by a diverse range of pervasiveness, multiple transmission routes, and serious hazards. It is imperative to amalgamate the current knowledge and identify gaps pertaining to the role of ticks in brucellosis transmission. METHODS We systematically searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, Google Scholar, and PubMed on the topic published until April 23, 2022. The procedure was performed in accordance with the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The selected articles were categorized across three major topic areas, and the potential data was extracted to describe evidence-practice gaps by two reviewers. RESULTS The search identified 83 eligible studies for the final analyses. The results highlighted the potential capacity of ticks in brucellosis transmission as evidenced by the detection of Brucella in 16 different tick species. The pooled overall prevalence of Brucella in ticks was 33.87% (range: 0.00-87.80%). The review also revealed the capability of Brucella to circulate in parasitic ticks' different developmental stages, thus posing a potential threat to animal and human health. Empirical evidence from in vitro rodent infection experiments has revealed that ticks possess the capability to transmit Brucella to uninfected animals (range: 45.00-80.00%). Moreover, significant epidemiological associations have been found between the occurrence of brucellosis in animals and tick control in rangelands, which further suggests that ticks may serve as potential vectors for brucellosis transmission in ruminants. Notably, a mere three cases of human brucellosis resulting from potential tick bites were identified in search of global clinical case reports from 1963 to 2019. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative to improve the techniques used to identify Brucella in ticks, particularly by developing a novel, efficient, precise approach that can be applied in a field setting. Furthermore, due to the lack of adequate evidence of tick-borne brucellosis, it is essential to integrate various disciplines, including experimental animal science, epidemiology, molecular genetics, and others, to better understand the efficacy of tick-borne brucellosis. By amalgamating multiple disciplines, we can enhance our comprehension and proficiency in tackling tick-borne brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Chunfu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Ai Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Na Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20025, China.
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 20025, China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
- Basic Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medical, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
- Basic Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medical, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Milton AAP, Momin KM, Srinivas K, Priya GB, Ghatak S, Das S, Shakuntala I, Sen A, Baruah KK. Development of a novel visual isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Brucella spp. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 207:106695. [PMID: 36889600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an economically important livestock disease worldwide besides having a noteworthy impact on human health. In this study, a rapid, simple, and ultra-sensitive nuclei-acid diagnostic technique was developed for the detection of brucellosis harnessing saltatory rolling circle amplification (SRCA). The diagnostic method was developed using World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) approved primers targeting the bcsp31 gene of the Brucella genome. The assay can be accomplished within 90 min at a temperature of 65 °C without the requirement of sophisticated instrumentation. The result interpretation can be done with the naked eye with the aid of SYBR green dye. The developed technique displayed 100% specificity by amplifying only 10 reference and field strains of Brucella spp. and there was no cross-reactivity with the other tested pathogens. The lower limit of detections of SRCA and end-point PCR assays were 9.7 fg/μL (2.7 genome copies of Brucella) and 970 fg/μL, respectively. Thus, the developed SRCA assay was found to be 100× more sensitive than the end-point PCR assay. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first one to develop an SRCA-based assay for the detection of brucellosis and it can be a diagnostic tool for resource-constrained laboratories and veterinary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arun Prince Milton
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
| | - K M Momin
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - K Srinivas
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - G Bhuvana Priya
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sandeep Ghatak
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Samir Das
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - I Shakuntala
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Jalukie, Nagaland, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - K K Baruah
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
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Wu Q, Yuan L, Guo X, Sun M, Yao M, Yin D. Study on antigenic protein Omp2b in combination with Omp31 and BP26 for serological detection of human brucellosis. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 205:106663. [PMID: 36592896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a very common zoonosis in certain localized areas worldwide, with a high prevalence in most developing countries. The detection of brucellosis still faces many challenges such as the need for more sensitive and specific diagnostic antigens. METHODS To evaluate the efficacy of Brucella outer membrane proteins (Omps) Omp2b in combination with omp31 and BP26 as diagnostic antigens for the serological detection of human brucellosis, these proteins were prepared by a prokaryotic expression system. Human brucellosis-positive and-negative sera were collected, and the detection effects of the diagnostic antigens were evaluated using an established indirect ELISA (iELISA) method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC), true positives, true negatives, false positives, false negatives, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, analytical specificity, and sensitivity were obtained to evaluate the effectiveness of Omp2b and antigen combinations. RESULTS The iELISA results showed that the AUC of the antigenic proteins was 0.9100, 0.9387, 0.9343, and 0.9448, respectively, and that the combination of Omp31 and BP26 improved the accuracy and was superior to that of Omp2b alone. Analysis at the determined cut-off values showed that the analytical sensitivity of the assay was 0.8739 (95% CI:0.7974-0.9293) and the analytical specificity was 0.8539 (95% CI:0.7632-0.9199) when using Omp2b alone and 0.8649 when using the combination of Omp2b + BP26 (95% CI:0.7869-0.9223) with an analytical specificity of 0.9213 (95% CI:0.8446-0.9678) and 0.8468 (95% CI:0.7662-0.9082) and an analytical sensitivity of 0.9101 (95% CI:0.8305-0.9604). When Omp2b + Omp31 + BP26 was combined, the analytical sensitivity and specificity were 0.8559 (95% CI:0.7765-0.9153) and 0.9326 (95% CI:0.8590-0.9749), respectively. Protein antigens, including antigen combinations, did not cross-react with Yersinia enterocolitica O9 and E. coli O157: H7, indicating that their specificity was better than that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CONCLUSIONS Compared with individual Omp2b, antigen combinations improved the effectiveness in detecting brucellosis, but were still not as effective as LPS antigen. Omp2b, combined with Omp31 and BP26 as diagnostic antigens, can be used to detect human brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Meixue Yao
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Dehui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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THORAT VARSHA, BANNALIKAR ANILKUMAR. Molecular characterization of Brucella species detected from clinical samples of cattle and buffaloes. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v92i11.124795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken for molecular characterization of Brucella species of cattle and buffaloes. Clinical samples (1145) of unvaccinated cattle and buffaloes (200 blood samples, 710 sera, 190 vaginal swabs, 20 abomasal contents of foetus, 25 foetal tissues) and 146 blood samples of vaccinated animals were collected from dairy farms in and around Mumbai and Pune region. These samples were processed for isolation of Brucella organisms and further characterized by PCR and sequencing. A total of 26 (11.06%) Brucella isolates were recovered from 235 samples. Also, 5 isolates received from human cases were included in the study. BCSP 31 PCR showed an amplicon of 223 bp in all 31 isolates, 123 (61.5%) blood samples, 123 (64.73%) vaginal swabs and 27 (60%) aborted foetal material. IS711/AB and BM PCR showed an amplicon of 498 bp and 731 bp in 17 and 14 isolates, 42 (21%) and 38 (19%) blood samples, 43 (22.63%) and 34 (17.89%) vaginal swabs, while 7(15.55%) and 6 (13.33%) aborted foetal material, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis detected the ancestral origin of the organism. Rapid and correct diagnosis of brucellosis and vaccination is important to eradicate the disease. The molecular methods used in the present study speed up the diagnosis of the disease.
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Batrinou A, Strati IF, Tsantes AG, Papaparaskevas J, Dimou I, Vourvidis D, Kyrma A, Antonopoulos D, Halvatsiotis P, Houhoula D. The Importance of Complementary PCR Analysis in Addition to Serological Testing for the Detection of Transmission Sources of Brucella spp. in Greek Ruminants. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040193. [PMID: 35448691 PMCID: PMC9031302 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The early and accurate diagnosis of brucellosis, a ubiquitous zoonotic infection, is significant in preventing disease transmission. This study aimed to assess the infection rate of Brucella spp. in ruminants and to evaluate the agreement between a serological test and a molecular method for the detection of infected cases. Blood and milk samples of 136 ruminants were analyzed using two laboratory methods: the Rose Bengal plate (RBP) test to detect B. abortus and B. melitensis antibodies and the molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the presence of bacterial DNA. The agreement between the methods was assessed using the kappa statistic. Based on the RBP test, there were 12 (8.8%) seropositive animals (10 sheep and 2 cows), while 2 (1.4%) samples were positive on PCR analysis. The positive PCR samples were from seronegative cow samples on RBP testing. There was slight agreement (k = −0.02) between the two methods, which was not statistically significant. Our results indicate that complementary molecular methods are useful to detect the bacteria in infected animals that are seronegative due to an early stage of infection. Therefore, a combination of molecular methods and serological tests can be applied to detect brucellosis in ruminants efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthimia Batrinou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.B.); (I.F.S.); (I.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Irini F. Strati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.B.); (I.F.S.); (I.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Andreas G. Tsantes
- Microbiology Department, ‘Saint Savvas’ Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Joseph Papaparaskevas
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Dimou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.B.); (I.F.S.); (I.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Vourvidis
- Laboratory of Brucellosis and Bacterial Disease Serology, Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Anatomy, Histology and Microbiology Directorate of Athens Veterinary Center, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 11522 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kyrma
- Laboratory of Brucellosis and Bacterial Disease Serology, Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Anatomy, Histology and Microbiology Directorate of Athens Veterinary Center, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 11522 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (A.K.)
| | - Dionysis Antonopoulos
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.B.); (I.F.S.); (I.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “ATTIKON” University Hospital, Chaidari 12462, Greece;
| | - Dimitra Houhoula
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.B.); (I.F.S.); (I.D.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-538-5549
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Ramírez OLH, Santos HA, Paulino PG, van der Meer CS, Bautista JLR, Delgado ILJ, Obando JG, Garcia RR, da Costa Angelo I. Cross-sectional study of Brucella spp. using real-time PCR from bovine whole blood in Colombia. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:189-201. [PMID: 34791575 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Colombia to recover Brucella spp. DNA from bovine whole-blood samples through probe-based real-time PCR (qPCR). By an SNP-based assay, vaccine strains were differentiated from field strains. The associated factors were evaluated using logistical regression models. A total of 656 random cows from 40 herds were selected and analyzed using serology and PCR. The qPCR assay detected 9.5% (n = 62/656; 95% CI: 7.3, 12.0) of the animals with Brucella-DNA presence, while the serological test detected a 6.6% (n = 43/656; CI: 4.8, 8.7). 62.5% (n = 25/40; 95% CI: 45.8, 77.3) of positive cases were detected at the herd-level by the qPCR, while only 27.5% (n = 11/40; 95% CI: 14.6, 43.9) were detected by the serological test. All positive samples were identified as field Brucella strains employing the SNP-based assay. In the final regression model at the animal-level, five variables were associated with Brucella-DNA presence: the use of bulls for mating recorded history of reproductive problems, pregnant cows, parlor milking, and cows belonging to farms ≤200 m from the main road. At the herd-level, two variables were associated with Brucella-DNA presence: recorded history of reproductive problems and the use of bulls for mating. Given the fluctuant brucellosis prevalence in endemic areas, updated epidemiological studies are necessary to evaluate the disease dynamic and if established prevention and control measures have been effective or need to be adjusted. The increase in the prevalence of brucellosis in animal reservoirs creates an important risk of transmission in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lucia Herrán Ramírez
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinarian Science, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gonzaga Paulino
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinarian Science, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Soares van der Meer
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinarian Science, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luis Rodríguez Bautista
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinarian Science, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana González Obando
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Agrarian Sciences Faculty, Antioquia University, P.O. Box 1228, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Rene Ramirez Garcia
- INCA-CES, Faculty of Veterinary medicine and zootechnics, CES University, Box 050021, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 23897-000, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil.
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Abdel-Hamid NH, Beleta EIM, Kelany MA, Ismail RI, Shalaby NA, Khafagi MHM. Validation of real-time polymerase chain reaction versus conventional polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle sera. Vet World 2021; 14:144-154. [PMID: 33642798 PMCID: PMC7896886 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.144-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have and are still being used for the direct detection of Brucella DNA in serum samples of different animal species and humans without being validated or properly validated, resulting in discrepancies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the TaqMan Real-Time-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the bcsp31 gene versus conventional PCR for the accurate diagnosis of brucellosis at the genus level in cattle sera. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-four serum samples were collected from bacteriologically positive and negative cows with ages ranging from 1 to 5 years old at some infected private farms in the Nile Delta under quarantine measures as well as brucellosis free farms. These samples were classified into four groups after serological diagnosis and investigated by TaqMan RT-PCR and conventional PCR targeting the IS711 gene for Brucella DNA detection. The diagnostic performance characteristics of both PCR techniques were estimated considering the bacteriological results as a gold standard. Results: TaqMan RT-PCR revealed superiority over conventional PCR; it was able to detect Brucella DNA in 95% (67/70) and 89% (25/28) of the cattle sera samples belonging to Group 1 (serologically and bacteriologically positive) and Group 2 (serologically negative but bacteriologically positive), respectively. On evaluating the diagnostic performance, TaqMan RT-PCR showed superior diagnostic sensitivity (93.9%), diagnostic specificity (88.4%), performance index (182.3), almost perfect kappa agreement (0.825±0.042), strong positive correlation (r=0.826), high accuracy based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the ROC curve (0.911) at p<0.05 and CI of 95%. Conclusion: A cattle serum sample is not the metric of choice for targeting Brucella genomic DNA by conventional PCR. The time-saving and rapid TaqMan RT-PCR method revealed a better diagnostic performance in the detection of Brucella DNA in cattle sera. Such performance offered by TaqMan RT-PCR may be considered a step toward the possibility of using such technology in the direct differentiation between Brucella-infected and -vaccinated cattle immunized by smooth vaccines from cattle sera using primers specific for such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour H Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Eman I M Beleta
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kelany
- Department of Microbiology, The Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania I Ismail
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Shalaby
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Manal H M Khafagi
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Arif ED, Saeed NM, Rachid SK. Isolation and Identification of Chlamydia abortus from Aborted Ewes in Sulaimani Province, Northern Iraq. Pol J Microbiol 2020; 69:1-7. [PMID: 32108450 PMCID: PMC7256821 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abortion in small ruminants is a significant problem in Iraq and causes severe economic losses in sheep farms. Chlamydia abortus causes enzootic abortion in ewes and is associated with reproductive problems in sheep in Sulaimani province – Northern Iraq. During a lambing season in 2017, abortion was widespread among several sheep flocks in different regions of Sulaimani (Kalar, Said Sadiq, and Chamchamal), and C. abortus was one of the causes. Accordingly, we carried out this study to isolate and identify C. abortus in aborted ewes in these regions. We collected 30 samples of aborted fetuses from five herds in which abortions had been observed. The pathogen isolation was done by inoculation into embryonated chicken eggs and conventional PCR was used to identify C. abortus in clinical specimens. C. abortus was identified in one of the 30 aborted fetuses (3.33%) from the Kalar district, and all the remaining 29 samples (96.66%) were found positive to Brucella abortus. The gene ompA encoding the outer membrane protein of C. abortus was sequenced and got the accession number MK643153 in NCBI GenBank. The sequence was named C. abortus strain Sul/2017. Our isolate showed 99.79% homology with Sul/014 (accession No. KY399850) and differed from the latter by two amino acid substitutions at E115K and K259N. The topology of the phylogenetic tree based on the ompA gene showed that the isolate belongs to C. abortus and has a common ancestor with isolates of sheep in Iraq and Tunisia with accession numbers KY399850 and HQ62243, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Dhahir Arif
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani , New Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region , Northern Iraq
| | - Nahla Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani , New Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region , Northern Iraq
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Ramadan ES, Mousa WS, Gafer JA, Elbaz HT, Abdeen E, Hussien H. Substantial Virulence Genes among Brucella melitensis Field Strains Isolated from Cattle in Egypt. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 22:239-246. [PMID: 31930868 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.239.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The economic losses due to brucellosis as well as its potential public health in human worldwide encourage more researches to find novel pathways for effective control methods of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the most prevalent Brucella strains obtained from cattle and their virulence genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred small-holders cows in Menoufia governorate, Egypt, were screened for brucellosis using rose bengal test (RBT) and confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). Milk samples and supra-mammary lymph nodes of serologically positive cows were collected for bacteriological isolation and identification. The obtained isolates were genotyped using PCR and their virulence genes (omp25, omp31, manA, manB, virB and znuA) were screened. RESULTS The prevalence rate of bovine brucellosis was 15 (5%), 11 (3.6%) and 7 (2.33%) by RBT, CFT and bacteriological examination, respectively. The seven isolates were identified and genotyped as Brucella melitensis biotype3. Furthermore, the molecular detection of substantial virulence genes revealed that manA, manB, omp25 and omp31 genes were detected in all tested B. melitensis strains. Meanwhile, the virB genes were detected in 4 strains and the znuA genes were detected in 3 strains among the isolated B. melitensis strains. CONCLUSION It was concluded that B. melitensis biotype3 was the pre-dominant Brucella spp. as well as omp25, omp31, manA and manB were the most common related-virulence genes which assumed to play a worthy function in the pathogenesis of brucellosis.
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Saytekin AM, Ak S. Direct diagnosis of Brucella species through multiplex PCR formed by a new method. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:86-94. [PMID: 30336164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop direct PCR methods, which enable the diagnosis of brucellosis agents from ruminant aborted fetus samples at species and genus levels, and determine the applicability of the newly developed methods. For this purpose, 137 lung, 137 liver, and 52 fetal stomach fluid samples belonging to 166 ruminant aborted fetuses (326 samples in total) were examined. Firstly, agent isolation and identification were performed and species-specific multiplex PCR (m-PCR) from the culture was applied to the samples. In addition, the Mayer-Scholl m-PCR method was modified and termed 'modified Mayer-Scholl', and genus specific Bcsp31 PCR was also modified with minor changes. Four different methods were applied to direct examination samples and the obtained results were compared. The conventional culture method was set as the standard method to which sensitivities and specificities of the molecular methods were calculated. According to the assessments on the basis of fetus (n = 166), sensitivity and specificity values for modified Mayer-Scholl m-PCR method were 94.11% and 98.76%, and the same indicators for the modified Bcsp31 PCR were 95.29% and 98.76%, respectively. When all organ samples were taken into account (n = 326), sensitivity and specificity values for the modified Mayer-Scholl m-PCR method were 85.38% and 98.06%, and for the modified Bcsp31 PCR, they were 83.62% and 98.06%, respectively. As a result, it was found that the diagnostic power of the tests were 'high' when results were evaluated at fetus level. On the other hand, it was found to be 'clinically useful' when evaluated at organ level. We concluded that species level identifications can be made through the modified Mayer-Scholl method, which is a direct m-PCR method, with a high diagnostic power by specifying DNAs belonging to Brucella species directly from clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Murat Saytekin
- Reference Diagnosis Laboratory for Brucellosis, Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, 34890, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seyyal Ak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 İstanbul, Turkey
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Saxena HM, Raj S. A novel immunotherapy of Brucellosis in cows monitored non invasively through a specific biomarker. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006393. [PMID: 29641606 PMCID: PMC5912783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease causing huge economic losses worldwide. Currently no effective immunotherapy for Brucellosis or any biomarker to monitor the efficacy of therapy is available. Treatment is ineffective and animals remain carrier lifelong. S19 and RB51 are live attenuated vaccine strains of Brucella abortus. However, S19 induces only antibody, ineffective for intracellular pathogen. RB51 induces cell mediated immunity (CMI) but it is Rifampicin resistant. Both organisms are secreted in milk and can infect humans and cause abortions in animals. Phage lysed bacteria (lysates) retain maximum immunogenicity as opposed to killing by heat or chemicals. We report here the successful immunotherapy of bovine Brucellosis by phage lysates of RB51 (RL) and S19 (SL). The SL induced strong antibody response and RL stimulated CMI. In vitro restimulation of leukocytes from RL immunized cattle induced interferon gamma production. A single subcutaneous dose of 2 ml of cocktail lysate (both RL and SL), eliminated live virulent Brucella from Brucellosis affected cattle with plasma level of Brucella specific 223 bp amplicon undetectable by RT-PCR and blood negative for live Brucella by culture in 3 months post-immunization. This is the first report on minimally invasive monitoring of the efficacy of antibacterial therapy employing plasma RNA specific for live bacteria as a biomarker as well as on the use of RB51 phage lysate for successful immunotherapy of Brucellosis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Mohan Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Sugandha Raj
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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12
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Shell WS, Sayed ML, Samy AA, Al-Sadek GM, El-Hamid GMMA, Ali AHM. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction as an alternative rapid method for enumeration of colony count in live Brucella vaccines. Vet World 2017; 10:610-615. [PMID: 28717311 PMCID: PMC5499076 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.610-615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim:: Brucellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis of global importance affecting a range of animal species and man worldwide. It has economic, public health, and bio-risk importance. Control and prevention of animal brucellosis mainly depend on accurate diagnostic tools and implementation of effective and safe animal vaccination program. There are three types of animal Brucella live vaccines - Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine, Brucella abortus S19, and B. abortus RB51. Evaluation of these vaccines depends mainly on enumeration of Brucella viable count. At present, used colony count method is time consuming, costly and requires especial skills. Hence, the aim of this study is to use and standardize real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as an alternative, quantitative, sensitive, and rapid method to detect the colony count of Brucella in live Brucella vaccine. Materials and Methods:: Four batches of different live Brucella vaccines were evaluated using of conventional bacterial count and RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) using BSCP31 gene specific primers and probe. Standard curve was generated from DNA template extracted from 10-fold serial dilution of living B. abortus RB51 vaccine to evaluate the sensitivity of RT-qPCR. Results:: Results revealed that three batches of living Brucella vaccines were acceptable for Brucella colony count when traditional bacterial enumeration method was used. Results of RT-qPCR were identical to that of conventional bacterial count. Conclusions:: Results concluded that RT-qPCR was relatively sensitive compared to traditional bacterial colony count of these vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S Shell
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Cairo, Abbasia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud L Sayed
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Cairo, Abbasia, Egypt
| | - A A Samy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Center, Egypt
| | | | | | - Abdel Hakam M Ali
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Cairo, Abbasia, Egypt
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13
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Evaluation of PCR methods for detection of Brucella strains from culture and tissues. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:755-763. [PMID: 28255651 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Brucella causes significant economic losses due to infertility, abortion, stillbirth or weak calves, and neonatal mortality in livestock. Brucellosis is still a zoonosis of public health importance worldwide. The study was aimed to optimize and evaluate PCR assays used for the diagnosis of Brucella infections. For this aim, several primers and PCR protocols were performed and compared with Brucella cultures and biological material inoculated with Brucella. In PCR assays, genus- or species-specific oligonucleotide primers derived from 16S rRNA sequences (F4/R2, Ba148/928, IS711, BruP6-P7) and OMPs (JPF/JPR, 31ter/sd) of Brucella were used. All primers except for BruP6-P7 detected the DNA from reference Brucella strains and field isolates. In spiked blood, milk, and semen samples, F4-R2 primer-oriented PCR assays detected minimal numbers of Brucella. In spiked serum and fetal stomach content, Ba148/928 primer-oriented PCR assays detected minimal numbers of Brucella. Field samples collected from sheep and cattle were examined by bacteriological methods and optimized PCR assays. Overall, sensitivity of PCR assays was found superior to conventional bacteriological isolation. Brucella DNA was detected in 35.1, 1.1, 24.8, 5.0, and 8.0% of aborted fetus, blood, milk, semen, and serum samples by PCR assays, respectively. In conclusion, PCR assay in optimized conditions was found to be valuable in sensitive and specific detection of Brucella infections of animals.
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14
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Isolation and characterization of Brucella abortus isolates from wildlife species in South Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Haghi F, Zeighami H, Naderi G, Samei A, Roudashti S, Bahari S, Shirmast P. Detection of major food-borne pathogens in raw milk samples from dairy bovine and ovine herds in Iran. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Tan Z, Huang Y, Liu G, Zhou W, Xu X, Zhang Z, Shen Q, Tang F, Zhu Y. A Familial Cluster of Human Brucellosis Attributable to Contact with Imported Infected Goats in Shuyang, Jiangsu Province, China, 2013. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:757-60. [PMID: 26149866 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis remains a serious public health issue in developing countries, including China. On August 8, 2013, four cases of brucellosis from one extended family were reported at Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province, China. Active case finding was performed to identify the source and the risk factors of the infection and to prevent additional cases. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) was used for molecular subtyping analysis. Six people from two extended families met the case definition for brucellosis infection; four were blood culture positive for Brucella melitensis biotype 3. Four additional family members were found seropositive by using a serological test. Isolates from the four patients were indistinguishable by MLVA profiling, displaying a unique type for Jiangsu Province. Field epidemiological data combined with MLVA genotyping supported a common source of the isolates from the different patients. We recommend stronger reinforcement measures for animal quarantine practices, enhanced cooperation with veterinary service organizations, and implementation of measures that strengthen public education on brucellosis to prevent further human outbreaks in Jiangsu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Tan
- Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; Tongling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongling, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Shuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, China; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; Tongling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongling, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Shuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, China; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; Tongling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongling, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Shuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, China; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhong Zhou
- Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; Tongling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongling, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Shuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, China; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xilou Xu
- Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; Tongling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongling, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Shuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, China; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zibing Zhang
- Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; Tongling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongling, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Shuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, China; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; Tongling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongling, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Shuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, China; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fenyang Tang
- Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; Tongling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongling, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Shuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, China; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Key Lab of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China; Tongling Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongling, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Shuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, China; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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17
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Efficient diagnosis and treatment follow-up of human brucellosis by a novel quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR assay: a human clinical survey. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:4239-43. [PMID: 25275001 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01819-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and effective diagnosis of brucellosis is a challenge for clinicians. Even when diagnosis is on time and therapy is initiated, meticulous follow-up appointments are crucial for ensuring the efficacy of the treatment. Due to shortcomings of serological methods, molecular diagnosis, especially real-time PCR, is becoming a main approach in laboratory diagnostics. Thus, the development of efficient procedures and standardization of the PCR tests will have a great impact on the precise detection and quantification of bacterial DNA loads, which is valuable for the medical management of brucellosis patients. We developed a new TaqMan real-time PCR directed to bcsp31, a shared gene of the brucellae. The bcsp31 gene fragment was cloned into pJET1.2. Recombinant pJET1.2-bcsp31 was linearized by HindIII digestion, and the product was used for the preparation of a standard curve. A panel of Brucella spp. and non-Brucella pathogens was tested. No bacterial genomes other than those of the brucellae were detected. According to the results, specificity of the method was 100%. In a clinical assessment, the positive-control group comprised 37 patients with microbiologically confirmed brucellosis, and 25 healthy individuals served as the negative-control group. By the end of the treatment period, there was a significant decrease in the DNA load of the 37 brucellosis patients, which persisted for the 4 weeks of monitoring after treatment, suggesting that our proposed method is an efficient monitoring tool. Serum samples prior to any treatment were collected from the 25 serologically suspicious patients and assessed by our method; 72% of these patients tested positive for brucellosis.
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18
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Qasem JA, AlMomin S, Al-Mouqati SA, Kumar V. Characterization and evaluation of an arbitrary primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) product for the specific detection of Brucella species. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:220-6. [PMID: 25737656 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory detection of Brucella is based largely on bacterial isolation and phenotypic characterization. These methods are lengthy and labor-intensive and have been associated with a heightened risk of laboratory-acquired infection. Antibody based indirect detection methods also suffer from limitations in proper diagnosis of the organism. To overcome these problems, nucleic acid amplification has been explored for rapid detection and confirmation of the presence of Brucella spp. PCR-based diagnostics is useful for screening large populations of livestock to identify infected individuals and confirms the presence of the pathogen. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was performed and identified a 1.3 kb PCR fragment specifically amplifiable from DNA isolated from Brucella. A BLAST search revealed no significant homology with the reported sequences from species other than the members of Brucella. The isolated fragment seems to be a part of d-alanine-d-alanine ligase gene in Brucella sp. Translational BLAST revealed certain degree of homology of this sequence with orthologs of this gene reported from other microbial species at the deduced amino acid level. The sequence information was used to develop PCR based assays to detect Brucella sp. from various samples. The minimum detection limit of Brucella from blood and milk samples spiked with Brucella DNA was found to be 1 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the PCR based detection protocol was successfully used for the detection of Brucella from various organs and spiked samples of diseased sheep. Diagnosis of Brucellosis by PCR based method reported in this study is relatively rapid, specific and simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar A Qasem
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, P.O. Box 9508, Ahmadi 61006, Kuwait
| | - Sabah AlMomin
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Biotechnology Department, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait
| | - Salwa A Al-Mouqati
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Biotechnology Department, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Biotechnology Department, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait
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Eskandari-Nasab E, Moghadampour M, Hasani SS, Hadadi-fishani M, Mirghanizadeh-Bafghi SA, Asadi-Saghandi A, Zare F, Sadeghi-Kalani B, Ghazali-bina M. Relationship between γ-interferon gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to brucellosis infection. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 57:785-91. [PMID: 24033468 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the defense mechanism against Brucella infection. It was hypothesized that the IFN-γ in (+874 A/T in intron 1) TT and +5644 T/A, TT genotypes, which are reportedly associated with high IFN production, are associated with susceptibility to brucellosis in Iranian subjects. Genotyping of these IFN-γ variants by an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method was performed in 281 subjects, comprising 153 patients with active brucellosis and 128 healthy controls. It was found that the +874 minor allele (A) and homozygote genotype (AA) were significantly more frequently present in brucellosis patients than in controls (OR = 2.588; 95% CI, 1.313-5.104; P = 0.006 for the AA genotype; OR = 1.575; 95% CI, 1.124-2.216; P = 0.010 for the A allele). However, the allelic and genotypic distribution of the IFN-γ polymorphism at position UTR5644 A>T did not differ significantly between patients and controls (P > 0.05). The distribution of haplotypes in this study suggests that the T/A haplotype (+874/UTR5644), which was present more frequently in controls than in patients, may protect subjects against Brucella infection. It is suggested that IFN-γ +874 AA genotype and A allele are risk factors for developing brucellosis infection in Iranian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Eskandari-Nasab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Khalije Fars Boulevarde, Zahedan 14155‐6455,
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20
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Gupta V, Shivasharanappa N, Kumar V, Kumar A. Diagnostic evaluation of serological assays and different gene based PCR for detection of Brucella melitensis in goat. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Eskandari-Nasab E, Moghadampour M, Najibi H, Hadadi-Fishani M. Investigation of CTLA-4 and CD86 gene polymorphisms in Iranian patients with brucellosis infection. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 58:135-41. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Moghadampour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Zahedan
| | - Habib Najibi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Hadadi-Fishani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Zahedan
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22
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Vejarano MP, Matrone M, Keid LB, Rocha VCM, Ikuta CY, Rodriguez CAR, Salgado VR, Ferreira F, Dias RA, Telles EO, Ferreira Neto JS. Evaluation of four DNA extraction protocols for Brucella abortus detection by PCR in tissues from experimentally infected cows with the 2308 strain. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:237-42. [PMID: 23421881 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared 4 protocols for DNA extraction from homogenates of 6 different organs of cows infected with the Brucella abortus 2308 strain. The extraction protocols compared were as follows: GT (guanidine isothiocyanate lysis), Boom (GT lysis with the carrying suspension diatomaceous earth), PK (proteinase K lysis), and Santos (lysis by boiling and freezing with liquid nitrogen). Positive and negative gold standard reference groups were generated by classical bacteriological methods. All samples were processed with the 4 DNA extraction protocols and amplified with the B4 and B5 primers. The number of positive samples in the placental cotyledons was higher than that in the other organs. The cumulated results showed that the Santos protocol was more sensitive than the Boom (p=0.003) and GT (p=0.0506) methods and was similar to the PK method (p=0.2969). All of the DNA extraction protocols resulted in false-negative results for PCR. In conclusion, despite the disadvantages of classical bacteriological methods, the best approach for direct diagnosis of B. abortus in organs of infected cows includes the isolation associated with PCR of DNA extracted from the cotyledon by the Santos or PK methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Vejarano
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yu WL, Nielsen K. Review of detection of Brucella spp. by polymerase chain reaction. Croat Med J 2011; 51:306-13. [PMID: 20718083 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2010.51.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a review of most of the currently used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for identification of Brucella bacteria in biological samples. We focused in particular on methods using single-pair primers, multiplex primers, real-time PCRs, PCRs for marine Brucella, and PCRs for molecular biotyping. These methods are becoming very important tools for the identification of Brucella, at the species level and recently also at the biovar level. These techniques require minimum biological containment and can provide results in a very short time. In addition, genetic fingerprinting of isolates aid in epidemiological studies of the disease and its control. PCR-based methods are more useful and practical than conventional methods used to identify Brucella spp., and new methods for Brucella spp. identification and typing are still being developed. However, the sensitivity, specificity, and issues of quality control and quality assurance using these methods must be fully validated on clinical samples before PCR can be used in routine laboratory testing for brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Yu
- Ottawa Laboratories (Fallowfield), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Nepean, Ontario, K2H 8P9, Canada
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Abstract
The incidences of reproductive disorders in bovine are increasing over years. This scenario is further aggravating due to more emphasis on selection and rearing of animal for specific commercial purposes which compromises livestock reproduction. Reproductive disorders like infertility and abortions in cattle are major problems in the bovine industry. The reproductive disorders might be caused by several different agents such as physical agents, chemical agents, biological agents, etc. Also, the causative agent and pathogenesis of reproductive disorders are influenced by various factors including environmental factor. The exact causes may not be evident and are often complicated with multiple causative agents. Thus, there is a need for multi-faceted approach to understand correlation of various factors with reproductive performance. Of the agents, infectious biological agents are significant cause of reproductive disorder and are of high priority in the bovine industry. These factors are not only related to the prosperity of bovine industry but are also important from public health point of view because of their zoonotic potentials. Several infectious agents like bacterial, viral, protozoon, chlamydial and fungal agents are known to have direct impact on reproductive health of cattle. These diseases can be arranged and discussed in different groups based on the causative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, BK21 for Veterinary Science and KRF Priority Zoonotic Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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