Salmonella Oranienburg haemorrhagic cystitis in an immunocompetent young male

Retrospective study on the occurrence of Salmonella serotypes in veterinary specimens of Atlantic Canada (2012-2021)

AIM

This study aimed to summarize the frequency and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the Salmonella serotypes identified from the specimens of companion animals, livestock, avian, wildlife and exotic species within Atlantic Canada.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The retrospective electronic laboratory data of microbiological analyses of a selected subset of samples from 03 January 2012 to 29 December 2021 submitted from various animal species were retrieved. The frequency of Salmonella serotypes identified, and their antimicrobial susceptibility results obtained using the disk diffusion or broth method were analysed. The test results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standard. The Salmonella serotypes were identified by slide agglutination (Kauffman-White-Le-Minor Scheme) and/or the Whole Genome Sequencing for the Salmonella in silico Serovar Typing Resource-based identification.

RESULTS

Of the cases included in this study, 4.6% (n = 154) had at least one Salmonella isolate, corresponding to 55 different serovars. Salmonella isolation was highest from exotic animal species (n = 40, 1.20%), followed by porcine (n = 26, 0.78%), and canine (n = 23, 0.69%). Salmonella subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium was predominant among exotic mammals, porcine and caprine samples, whereas S. Enteritidis was mostly identified in bovine and canine samples. S. Typhimurium of porcine origin was frequently resistant (>70.0%) to ampicillin. In contrast, S. Typhimurium isolates from porcine and caprine samples were susceptible (>70.0%) to florfenicol. S. Oranienburg from equine samples was susceptible to chloramphenicol, but frequently resistant (>90.0%) to azithromycin. In avian samples, S. Copenhagen was susceptible (>90.0%) to florfenicol, whereas Muenchen was frequently resistant (>90.0%) to florfenicol. S. subsp. diarizonae serovar IIIb:61:k:1,5 of ovine origin was resistant (50.0% isolates) to sulfadimethoxine. No significant changes were observed in the antibiotic resistance profiles across the study years.

CONCLUSIONS

This report provides data for surveillance studies, distribution of Salmonella serotypes and their antimicrobial resistance among veterinary specimens of Atlantic Canada.

Uncommon Haemorrhagic Cystitis of Infectious Origin: A Narrative Review for Urologists

Purpose

Haemorrhagic cystitis may be due to different etiologies with infectious diseases representing an insidious cause to diagnose. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview of less common but difficult-to-diagnose causes of infectious haemorrhagic cystitis of bacterial, mycobacterial, and parasitic origin, Moreover, we highlight possible diagnostic tools and currently available treatment options in order to give an updated tool for urologists to use in daily practice.

Patients and Methods

The search engine PubMed was used to select peer-reviewed articles published from 1/Jan/2010 to 31/Aug/2022.

Results

Bacteria, fungal, TB and schistosomiasis are uncommon causes of haemorrhagic cystitis burdened by high morbidity, especially if not promptly diagnosed.

Conclusion

Because haemorrhagic cystitis ranges in severity from mild dysuria associated with pelvic discomfort to severe life-threatening haemorrhage, punctual diagnosis, and immediate treatment are essential to avoid further complications.

Case report: post-salmonellosis abscess positive for Salmonella Oranienburg

Background

Salmonella gastroenteritis is a self-limited infection in immunocompetent adults. Salmonella Oranienburg is a serovar that has recently caused outbreaks of gastroenteritis traced to contact with a pet turtle. Extraintestinal focal infections (EFIs) with invasive Salmonella have been reported uncommonly, examples of which include mycotic aneurysm and spinal osteomyelitis.

Case presentation

The patient is an otherwise healthy 39-year-old male with sleep apnea presenting with pain and swelling in the left anterior chest wall several months after an episode of Salmonella gastroenteritis and bacteremia which was treated successfully with intravenous (IV) antibiotics. He was found to have a costochondral joint abscess with operative cultures positive for S. Oranienburg, a serovar reported to have been associated with pet turtles and onions in recent CDC and FDA news releases. Of note, the joint abscess began development 2–3 months after his episode of Salmonella bacteremia. At the time of surgical treatment, nearly 6 months had passed since the initial episode of gastroenteritis and bacteremia.

Conclusions

Delayed development of a sternocostal joint abscess after Salmonella bacteremia in an otherwise healthy adult male is an unusual presentation. The patient had two different exposures: a fast food chicken lunch and a pet turtle at home. Extraintestinal focal infections with invasive Salmonella are very uncommonly reported in healthy adult patients treated in developed countries. To our knowledge, we report this sequala for the first time.