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Lerminiaux N, Mitchell R, Katz K, Fakharuddin K, McGill E, Mataseje L. Plasmid genomic epidemiology of carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamase (CDHL)-producing Enterobacterales in Canada, 2010-2021. Microb Genom 2024; 10. [PMID: 38896471 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbapenems are last-resort antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, but carbapenem resistance is a rising global threat due to the acquisition of carbapenemase genes. Oxacillinase-48 (bla OXA-48)-type carbapenemases are increasing in abundance in Canada and elsewhere; these genes are frequently found on mobile genetic elements and are associated with specific transposons. This means that alongside clonal dissemination, bla OXA-48-type genes can spread through plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer. We applied whole genome sequencing to characterize 249 bla OXA-48-type-producing Enterobacterales isolates collected by the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program from 2010 to 2021. Using a combination of short- and long-read sequencing, we obtained 70 complete and circular bla OXA-48-type-encoding plasmids. Using MOB-suite, four major plasmids clustered were identified, and we further estimated a plasmid cluster for 91.9 % (147/160) of incomplete bla OXA-48-type-encoding contigs. We identified different patterns of carbapenemase mobilization across Canada, including horizontal transmission of bla OXA-181/IncX3 plasmids (75/249, 30.1 %) and bla OXA-48/IncL/M plasmids (47/249, 18.9 %), and both horizontal transmission and clonal transmission of bla OXA-232 for Klebsiella pneumoniae ST231 on ColE2-type/ColKP3 plasmids (25/249, 10.0 %). Our findings highlight the diversity of OXA-48-type plasmids and indicate that multiple plasmid clusters and clonal transmission have contributed to bla OXA-48-type spread and persistence in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lerminiaux
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Kevin Katz
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken Fakharuddin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Erin McGill
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Mataseje
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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2
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Sanz MB, Pasteran F, de Mendieta JM, Brunetti F, Albornoz E, Rapoport M, Lucero C, Errecalde L, Nuñez MR, Monge R, Pennini M, Power P, Corso A, Gomez SA. KPC-2 allelic variants in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to ceftazidime-avibactam from Argentina: blaKPC-80, blaKPC-81, blaKPC-96 and blaKPC-97. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0411123. [PMID: 38319084 PMCID: PMC10913460 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04111-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) therapy has significantly improved survival rates for patients infected by carbapenem-resistant bacteria, including KPC producers. However, resistance to CZA is a growing concern, attributed to multiple mechanisms. In this study, we characterized four clinical CZA-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates obtained between July 2019 and December 2020. These isolates expressed novel allelic variants of blaKPC-2 resulting from changes in hotspots of the mature protein, particularly in loops surrounding the active site of KPC. Notably, KPC-80 had an K269_D270insPNK mutation near the Lys270-loop, KPC-81 had a del_I173 mutation within the Ω-loop, KPC-96 showed a Y241N substitution within the Val240-loop and KPC-97 had an V277_I278insNSEAV mutation within the Lys270-loop. Three of the four isolates exhibited low-level resistance to imipenem (4 µg/mL), while all remained susceptible to meropenem. Avibactam and relebactam effectively restored carbapenem susceptibility in resistant isolates. Cloning mutant blaKPC genes into pMBLe increased imipenem MICs in recipient Escherichia coli TOP10 for blaKPC-80, blaKPC-96, and blaKPC-97 by two dilutions; again, these MICs were restored by avibactam and relebactam. Frameshift mutations disrupted ompK35 in three isolates. Additional resistance genes, including blaTEM-1, blaOXA-18 and blaOXA-1, were also identified. Interestingly, three isolates belonged to clonal complex 11 (ST258 and ST11) and one to ST629. This study highlights the emergence of CZA resistance including unique allelic variants of blaKPC-2 and impermeability. Comprehensive epidemiological surveillance and in-depth molecular studies are imperative for understanding and monitoring these complex resistance mechanisms, crucial for effective antimicrobial treatment strategies. IMPORTANCE The emergence of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) resistance poses a significant threat to the efficacy of this life-saving therapy against carbapenem-resistant bacteria, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae-producing KPC enzymes. This study investigates four clinical isolates exhibiting resistance to CZA, revealing novel allelic variants of the key resistance gene, blaKPC-2. The mutations identified in hotspots surrounding the active site of KPC, such as K269_D270insPNK, del_I173, Y241N and V277_I278insNSEAV, prove the adaptability of these pathogens. Intriguingly, low-level resistance to imipenem and disruptions in porin genes were observed, emphasizing the complexity of the resistance mechanisms. Interestingly, three of four isolates belonged to clonal complex 11. This research not only sheds light on the clinical significance of CZA resistance but also shows the urgency for comprehensive surveillance and molecular studies to inform effective antimicrobial treatment strategies in the face of evolving bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Sanz
- National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance (NRRLAR)-INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Pasteran
- National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance (NRRLAR)-INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel de Mendieta
- National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance (NRRLAR)-INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Brunetti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Albornoz
- National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance (NRRLAR)-INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Rapoport
- National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance (NRRLAR)-INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Lucero
- National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance (NRRLAR)-INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Maria Rosa Nuñez
- Hospital Provincial Neuquén Dr. Castro Rendón, Neuquén, Argentina
| | | | | | - Pablo Power
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Corso
- National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance (NRRLAR)-INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia A. Gomez
- National and Regional Reference Laboratory in Antimicrobial Resistance (NRRLAR)-INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Lerminiaux N, Mitchell R, Bartoszko J, Davis I, Ellis C, Fakharuddin K, Hota SS, Katz K, Kibsey P, Leis JA, Longtin Y, McGeer A, Minion J, Mulvey M, Musto S, Rajda E, Smith SW, Srigley JA, Suh KN, Thampi N, Tomlinson J, Wong T, Mataseje L. Plasmid genomic epidemiology of blaKPC carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Canada, 2010-2021. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0086023. [PMID: 37971242 PMCID: PMC10720558 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00860-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenems are considered last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, but carbapenem resistance due to acquisition of carbapenemase genes is a growing threat that has been reported worldwide. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (blaKPC) is the most common type of carbapenemase in Canada and elsewhere; it can hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins, aztreonam, and carbapenems and is frequently found on mobile plasmids in the Tn4401 transposon. This means that alongside clonal expansion, blaKPC can disseminate through plasmid- and transposon-mediated horizontal gene transfer. We applied whole genome sequencing to characterize the molecular epidemiology of 829 blaKPC carbapenemase-producing isolates collected by the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program from 2010 to 2021. Using a combination of short-read and long-read sequencing, we obtained 202 complete and circular blaKPC-encoding plasmids. Using MOB-suite, 10 major plasmid clusters were identified from this data set which represented 87% (175/202) of the Canadian blaKPC-encoding plasmids. We further estimated the genomic location of incomplete blaKPC-encoding contigs and predicted a plasmid cluster for 95% (603/635) of these. We identified different patterns of carbapenemase mobilization across Canada related to different plasmid clusters, including clonal transmission of IncF-type plasmids (108/829, 13%) in K. pneumoniae clonal complex 258 and novel repE(pEh60-7) plasmids (44/829, 5%) in Enterobacter hormaechei ST316, and horizontal transmission of IncL/M (142/829, 17%) and IncN-type plasmids (149/829, 18%) across multiple genera. Our findings highlight the diversity of blaKPC genomic loci and indicate that multiple, distinct plasmid clusters have contributed to blaKPC spread and persistence in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian Davis
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chelsey Ellis
- The Moncton Hospital, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ken Fakharuddin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Susy S. Hota
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Katz
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela Kibsey
- Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jerome A. Leis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yves Longtin
- Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jessica Minion
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michael Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sonja Musto
- Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ewa Rajda
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jocelyn A. Srigley
- BC Women’s and BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Nisha Thampi
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Titus Wong
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Mataseje
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - on behalf of the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- The Moncton Hospital, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- BC Women’s and BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Shaw LP, Neher RA. Visualizing and quantifying structural diversity around mobile resistance genes. Microb Genom 2023; 9:001168. [PMID: 38117673 PMCID: PMC10763510 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of mobile genes is important for understanding the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Many clinically important AMR genes have been mobilized by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) on the kilobase scale, such as integrons and transposons, which can integrate into both chromosomes and plasmids and lead to rapid spread of the gene through bacterial populations. Looking at the flanking regions of these mobile genes in diverse genomes can highlight common structures and reveal patterns of MGE spread. However, historically this has been a largely descriptive process, relying on gene annotation and expert knowledge. Here we describe a general method to visualize and quantify the structural diversity around genes using pangraph to find blocks of homologous sequence. We apply this method to a set of 12 clinically important beta-lactamase genes and provide interactive visualizations of their flanking regions at https://liampshaw.github.io/flanking-regions. We show that nucleotide-level variation in the mobile gene itself generally correlates with increased structural diversity in its flanking regions, demonstrating a relationship between rates of mutational evolution and rates of structural evolution, and find a bias for greater structural diversity upstream. Our framework is a starting point to investigate general rules that apply to the horizontal spread of new genes through bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P. Shaw
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
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5
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Afolayan AO, Rigatou A, Grundmann H, Pantazatou A, Daikos G, Reuter S. Three Klebsiella pneumoniae lineages causing bloodstream infections variably dominated within a Greek hospital over a 15 year period. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen001082. [PMID: 37642647 PMCID: PMC10483420 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has emerged as a major clinical and public health threat. The rapid dissemination of this pathogen is driven by several successful clones worldwide. We aimed to investigate the CRKP clonal lineages, their antibiotic resistance determinants and their potential transmissions in a tertiary care hospital located in Athens, Greece. Between 2003 and 2018, 392 CRKP isolates from bloodstream infections were recovered from hospitalized patients. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the Illumina platform to characterize 209 of these isolates. In total, 74 % (n=155) of 209 isolates belonged to three major clonal lineages: ST258 (n=108), ST147 (n=29) and ST11 (n=18). Acquired carbapenemase genes were the mechanisms of resistance in 205 isolates (bla KPC, n=123; bla VIM, n=56; bla NDM, n=20; bla OXA-48, n=6). Strong associations (P=0.0004) were observed between carbapenemase genes and clonal lineages. We first isolated bla VIM-1-carrying ST147 strains during the early sampling period in 2003, followed by the emergence of bla KPC-2-carrying ST258 in 2006 and bla NDM-1-carrying ST11 in 2013. Analysis of genetic distances between the isolates revealed six potential transmission events. When contextualizing the current collection with published data, ST147 reflected the global diversity, ST258 clustered with isolates representing the first introduction into Europe and ST11 formed a distinct geographically restricted lineage indicative of local spread. This study demonstrates the changing profile of bloodstream CRKP in a tertiary care hospital over a 15 year period and underlines the need for continued genomic surveys to develop strategies to contain further dissemination. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayorinde O. Afolayan
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Control, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Hajo Grundmann
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Control, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - George Daikos
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sandra Reuter
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Control, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Comparative analysis of multiplexed PCR and short- and long-read whole genome sequencing to investigate a large Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in New York State. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 104:115765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Ahlstrom CA, Woksepp H, Sandegren L, Mohsin M, Hasan B, Muzyka D, Hernandez J, Aguirre F, Tok A, Söderman J, Olsen B, Ramey AM, Bonnedahl J. Genomically diverse carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae from wild birds provide insight into global patterns of spatiotemporal dissemination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153632. [PMID: 35124031 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a threat to public health globally, yet the role of the environment in the epidemiology of CRE remains elusive. Given that wild birds can acquire CRE, likely from foraging in anthropogenically impacted areas, and may aid in the maintenance and dissemination of CRE in the environment, a spatiotemporal comparison of isolates from different regions and timepoints may be useful for elucidating epidemiological information. Thus, we characterized the genomic diversity of CRE from fecal samples opportunistically collected from gulls (Larus spp.) inhabiting Alaska (USA), Chile, Spain, Turkey, and Ukraine and from black kites (Milvus migrans) sampled in Pakistan and assessed evidence for spatiotemporal patterns of dissemination. Within and among sampling locations, a high diversity of carbapenemases was found, including Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM), oxacillinase (OXA), and Verona integron Metallo beta-lactamase (VIM). Although the majority of genomic comparisons among samples did not provide evidence for spatial dissemination, we did find strong evidence for dissemination among Alaska, Spain, and Turkey. We also found strong evidence for temporal dissemination among samples collected in Alaska and Pakistan, though the majority of CRE clones were transitory and were not repeatedly detected among locations where samples were collected longitudinally. Carbapenemase-producing hypervirulent K. pneumoniae was isolated from gulls in Spain and Ukraine and some isolates harbored antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to up to 10 different antibiotic classes, including colistin. Our results are consistent with local acquisition of CRE by wild birds with spatial dissemination influenced by intermediary transmission routes, likely involving humans. Furthermore, our results support the premise that anthropogenically-associated wild birds may be good sentinels for understanding the burden of clinically-relevant antimicrobial resistance in the local human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Ahlstrom
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Hanna Woksepp
- Department of Development and Public Health, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar 391 85, Sweden; Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 391 85, Sweden
| | - Linus Sandegren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Infection biology, antimicrobial resistance and immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75185, Sweden
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Badrul Hasan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Infection biology, antimicrobial resistance and immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75185, Sweden; Animal Bacteriology Section, Microbial Sciences, Pests and Diseases, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Center, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv 61023, Ukraine
| | - Jorge Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar SE-39185, Sweden
| | - Filip Aguirre
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar SE-39185, Sweden
| | - Atalay Tok
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75185, Sweden
| | - Jan Söderman
- Laboratory Medicine, Jönköping, Region Jönköping County, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Olsen
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75185, Sweden
| | - Andrew M Ramey
- Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar 391 85, Sweden.
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8
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Sanz MB, De Belder D, de Mendieta JM, Faccone D, Poklepovich T, Lucero C, Rapoport M, Campos J, Tuduri E, Saavedra MO, Van der Ploeg C, Rogé A, Pasteran F, Corso A, Rosato AE, Gomez SA. Carbapenemase-Producing Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli From Argentina: Clonal Diversity and Predominance of Hyperepidemic Clones CC10 and CC131. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:830209. [PMID: 35369469 PMCID: PMC8971848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.830209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) causes infections outside the intestine. Particular ExPEC clones, such as clonal complex (CC)/sequence type (ST)131, have been known to sequentially accumulate antimicrobial resistance that starts with chromosomal mutations against fluoroquinolones, followed with the acquisition of blaCTX–M–15 and, more recently, carbapenemases. Here we aimed to investigate the distribution of global epidemic clones of carbapenemase-producing ExPEC from Argentina in representative clinical isolates recovered between July 2008 and March 2017. Carbapenemase-producing ExPEC (n = 160) were referred to the Argentinean reference laboratory. Of these, 71 were selected for genome sequencing. Phenotypic and microbiological studies confirmed the presence of carbapenemases confirmed as KPC-2 (n = 52), NDM-1 (n = 16), IMP-8 (n = 2), and VIM-1 (n = 1) producers. The isolates had been recovered mainly from urine, blood, and abdominal fluids among others, and some were from screening samples. After analyzing the virulence gene content, 76% of the isolates were considered ExPEC, although non-ExPEC isolates were also obtained from extraintestinal sites. Pan-genome phylogeny and clonal analysis showed great clonal diversity, although the first phylogroup in abundance was phylogroup A, harboring CC10 isolates, followed by phylogroup B2 with CC/ST131, mostly H30Rx, the subclone co-producing CTX-M-15. Phylogroups D, B1, C, F, and E were also detected with fewer strains. CC10 and CC/ST131 were found throughout the country. In addition, CC10 nucleated most metalloenzymes, such as NDM-1. Other relevant international clones were identified, such as CC/ST38, CC155, CC14/ST1193, and CC23. Two isolates co-produced KPC-2 and OXA-163 or OXA-439, a point mutation variant of OXA-163, and three isolates co-produced MCR-1 among other resistance genes. To conclude, in this work, we described the molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing ExPEC in Argentina. Further studies are necessary to determine the plasmid families disseminating carbapenemases in ExPEC in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Sanz
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LNRRA), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denise De Belder
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LNRRA), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Plataforma Genómica y Bioinformática (PLABIO), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J M de Mendieta
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LNRRA), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Faccone
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LNRRA), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Poklepovich
- Plataforma Genómica y Bioinformática (PLABIO), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Lucero
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LNRRA), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Rapoport
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LNRRA), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Campos
- Plataforma Genómica y Bioinformática (PLABIO), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Tuduri
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LNRRA), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Plataforma Genómica y Bioinformática (PLABIO), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mathew O Saavedra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Claudia Van der Ploeg
- Servicio de Antígenos y Antisueros, INPB-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Rogé
- Servicio de Antígenos y Antisueros, INPB-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fernando Pasteran
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LNRRA), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Corso
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LNRRA), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana E Rosato
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Microbiology Diagnostics-Research, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, United States.,School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sonia A Gomez
- Servicio Antimicrobianos, Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LNRRA), INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Salamzade R, Manson AL, Walker BJ, Brennan-Krohn T, Worby CJ, Ma P, He LL, Shea TP, Qu J, Chapman SB, Howe W, Young SK, Wurster JI, Delaney ML, Kanjilal S, Onderdonk AB, Bittencourt CE, Gussin GM, Kim D, Peterson EM, Ferraro MJ, Hooper DC, Shenoy ES, Cuomo CA, Cosimi LA, Huang SS, Kirby JE, Pierce VM, Bhattacharyya RP, Earl AM. Inter-species geographic signatures for tracing horizontal gene transfer and long-term persistence of carbapenem resistance. Genome Med 2022; 14:37. [PMID: 35379360 PMCID: PMC8981930 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are an urgent global health threat. Inferring the dynamics of local CRE dissemination is currently limited by our inability to confidently trace the spread of resistance determinants to unrelated bacterial hosts. Whole-genome sequence comparison is useful for identifying CRE clonal transmission and outbreaks, but high-frequency horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of carbapenem resistance genes and subsequent genome rearrangement complicate tracing the local persistence and mobilization of these genes across organisms. METHODS To overcome this limitation, we developed a new approach to identify recent HGT of large, near-identical plasmid segments across species boundaries, which also allowed us to overcome technical challenges with genome assembly. We applied this to complete and near-complete genome assemblies to examine the local spread of CRE in a systematic, prospective collection of all CRE, as well as time- and species-matched carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales, isolated from patients from four US hospitals over nearly 5 years. RESULTS Our CRE collection comprised a diverse range of species, lineages, and carbapenem resistance mechanisms, many of which were encoded on a variety of promiscuous plasmid types. We found and quantified rearrangement, persistence, and repeated transfer of plasmid segments, including those harboring carbapenemases, between organisms over multiple years. Some plasmid segments were found to be strongly associated with specific locales, thus representing geographic signatures that make it possible to trace recent and localized HGT events. Functional analysis of these signatures revealed genes commonly found in plasmids of nosocomial pathogens, such as functions required for plasmid retention and spread, as well survival against a variety of antibiotic and antiseptics common to the hospital environment. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the framework we developed provides a clearer, high-resolution picture of the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance importation, spread, and persistence in patients and healthcare networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauf Salamzade
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Present Address: Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Abigail L. Manson
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Bruce J. Walker
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,Applied Invention, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Thea Brennan-Krohn
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Colin J. Worby
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Peijun Ma
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Lorrie L. He
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Terrance P. Shea
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - James Qu
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Sinéad B. Chapman
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Whitney Howe
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Sarah K. Young
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Jenna I. Wurster
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Ophthalmology, Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 240 Charles St., Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Mary L. Delaney
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sanjat Kanjilal
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Andrew B. Onderdonk
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Cassiana E. Bittencourt
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868 USA
| | - Gabrielle M. Gussin
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Diane Kim
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Ellena M. Peterson
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868 USA
| | - Mary Jane Ferraro
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - David C. Hooper
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Erica S. Shenoy
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Christina A. Cuomo
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Lisa A. Cosimi
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Susan S. Huang
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - James E. Kirby
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Virginia M. Pierce
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Roby P. Bhattacharyya
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Ashlee M. Earl
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
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10
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Genomic Features Associated with the Degree of Phenotypic Resistance to Carbapenems in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. mSystems 2021; 6:e0019421. [PMID: 34519526 PMCID: PMC8547452 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00194-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains cause severe infections that are difficult to treat. The production of carbapenemases such as the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) is a common mechanism by which these strains resist killing by the carbapenems. However, the degree of phenotypic carbapenem resistance (MIC) may differ markedly between isolates with similar carbapenemase genes, suggesting that our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of carbapenem resistance remains incomplete. To address this problem, we determined the whole-genome sequences of 166 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates resistant to meropenem, imipenem, or ertapenem. Multiple linear regression analysis of this collection of largely blaKPC-3-containing sequence type 258 (ST258) isolates indicated that blaKPC copy number and some outer membrane porin gene mutations were associated with higher MICs to carbapenems. A trend toward higher MICs was also observed with those blaKPC genes carried by the d isoform of Tn4401. In contrast, ompK37 mutations were associated with lower carbapenem MICs, and extended spectrum β-lactamase genes were not associated with higher or lower MICs in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. A machine learning approach based on the whole-genome sequences of these isolates did not result in a substantial improvement in prediction of isolates with high or low MICs. These results build upon previous findings suggesting that multiple factors influence the overall carbapenem resistance levels in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates. IMPORTANCEKlebsiella pneumoniae can cause severe infections in the blood, urinary tract, and lungs. Resistance to carbapenems in K. pneumoniae is an urgent public health threat, since it can make these isolates difficult to treat. While individual contributors to carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae have been studied, few reports explore their combined effects in clinical isolates. We sequenced 166 clinical carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates to evaluate the contribution of known genes to carbapenem MICs and to try to identify novel genes associated with higher carbapenem MICs. The blaKPC copy number and some outer membrane porin gene mutations were associated with higher carbapenem MICs. In contrast, mutations in one specific porin, ompK37, were associated with lower carbapenem MICs. Machine learning did not result in a substantial improvement in the prediction of carbapenem resistance nor did it identify novel genes associated with carbapenem resistance. These findings enhance our understanding of the many contributors to carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae.
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11
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Matlock W, Lipworth S, Constantinides B, Peto TEA, Walker AS, Crook D, Hopkins S, Shaw LP, Stoesser N. Flanker: a tool for comparative genomics of gene flanking regions. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34559044 PMCID: PMC8715433 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysing the flanking sequences surrounding genes of interest is often highly relevant to understanding the role of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in horizontal gene transfer, particular for antimicrobial-resistance genes. Here, we present Flanker, a Python package that performs alignment-free clustering of gene flanking sequences in a consistent format, allowing investigation of MGEs without prior knowledge of their structure. These clusters, known as ‘flank patterns’ (FPs), are based on Mash distances, allowing for easy comparison of similarity across sequences. Additionally, Flanker can be flexibly parameterized to fine-tune outputs by characterizing upstream and downstream regions separately, and investigating variable lengths of flanking sequence. We apply Flanker to two recent datasets describing plasmid-associated carriage of important carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-48 and blaKPC-2/3) and show that it successfully identifies distinct clusters of FPs, including both known and previously uncharacterized structural variants. For example, Flanker identified four Tn4401 profiles that could not be sufficiently characterized using TETyper or MobileElementFinder, demonstrating the utility of Flanker for flanking-gene characterization. Similarly, using a large (n=226) European isolate dataset, we confirm findings from a previous smaller study demonstrating association between Tn1999.2 and blaOXA-48 upregulation and demonstrate 17 FPs (compared to the 5 previously identified). More generally, the demonstration in this study that FPs are associated with geographical regions and antibiotic-susceptibility phenotypes suggests that they may be useful as epidemiological markers. Flanker is freely available under an MIT license at https://github.com/wtmatlock/flanker.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Matlock
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Lipworth
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Bede Constantinides
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy E A Peto
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - A Sarah Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Hopkins
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Liam P Shaw
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Stoesser
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Lee AHY, Porto WF, de Faria C, Dias SC, Alencar SA, Pickard DJ, Hancock REW, Franco OL. Genomic insights into the diversity, virulence and resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae extensively drug resistant clinical isolates. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34424159 PMCID: PMC8549359 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae has been implicated in wide-ranging nosocomial outbreaks, causing severe infections without effective treatments due to antibiotic resistance. Here, we performed genome sequencing of 70 extensively drug resistant clinical isolates, collected from Brasília’s hospitals (Brazil) between 2010 and 2014. The majority of strains (60 out of 70) belonged to a single clonal complex (CC), CC258, which has become distributed worldwide in the last two decades. Of these CC258 strains, 44 strains were classified as sequence type 11 (ST11) and fell into two distinct clades, but no ST258 strains were found. These 70 strains had a pan-genome size of 10 366 genes, with a core-genome size of ~4476 genes found in 95 % of isolates. Analysis of sequences revealed diverse mechanisms of resistance, including production of multidrug efflux pumps, enzymes with the same target function but with reduced or no affinity to the drug, and proteins that protected the drug target or inactivated the drug. β-Lactamase production provided the most notable mechanism associated with K. pneumoniae. Each strain presented two or three different β-lactamase enzymes, including class A (SHV, CTX-M and KPC), class B and class C AmpC enzymes, although no class D β-lactamase was identified. Strains carrying the NDM enzyme involved three different ST types, suggesting that there was no common genetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Y Lee
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, South Sciences Building 7107, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William F Porto
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Porto Reports, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Célio de Faria
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública LACEN, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Simoni C Dias
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A Alencar
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Octavio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública LACEN, Brasília, Brazil
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13
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Johansson MHK, Bortolaia V, Tansirichaiya S, Aarestrup FM, Roberts AP, Petersen TN. Detection of mobile genetic elements associated with antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica using a newly developed web tool: MobileElementFinder. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:101-109. [PMID: 33009809 PMCID: PMC7729385 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinically relevant bacteria is a growing threat to public health globally. In these bacteria, antimicrobial resistance genes are often associated with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which promote their mobility, enabling them to rapidly spread throughout a bacterial community. Methods The tool MobileElementFinder was developed to enable rapid detection of MGEs and their genetic context in assembled sequence data. MGEs are detected based on sequence similarity to a database of 4452 known elements augmented with annotation of resistance genes, virulence factors and detection of plasmids. Results MobileElementFinder was applied to analyse the mobilome of 1725 sequenced Salmonella enterica isolates of animal origin from Denmark, Germany and the USA. We found that the MGEs were seemingly conserved according to multilocus ST and not restricted to either the host or the country of origin. Moreover, we identified putative translocatable units for specific aminoglycoside, sulphonamide and tetracycline genes. Several putative composite transposons were predicted that could mobilize, among others, AMR, metal resistance and phosphodiesterase genes associated with macrophage survivability. This is, to our knowledge, the first time the phosphodiesterase-like pdeL has been found to be potentially mobilized into S. enterica. Conclusions MobileElementFinder is a powerful tool to study the epidemiology of MGEs in a large number of genome sequences and to determine the potential for genomic plasticity of bacteria. This web service provides a convenient method of detecting MGEs in assembled sequence data. MobileElementFinder can be accessed at https://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/MobileElementFinder/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H K Johansson
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valeria Bortolaia
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Supathep Tansirichaiya
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Frank M Aarestrup
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adam P Roberts
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas N Petersen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Piazza A, Principe L, Comandatore F, Perini M, Meroni E, Mattioni Marchetti V, Migliavacca R, Luzzaro F. Whole-Genome Sequencing Investigation of a Large Nosocomial Outbreak Caused by ST131 H30Rx KPC-Producing Escherichia coli in Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060718. [PMID: 34203731 PMCID: PMC8232337 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KPC-producing Escherichia coli (KPC-Ec) remains uncommon, being mainly reported as the cause of sporadic episodes of infection rather than outbreak events. Here we retrospectively describe the dynamics of a large hospital outbreak sustained by KPC-Ec, involving 106 patients and 25 hospital wards, during a six-month period. Twenty-nine representative KPC-Ec isolates (8/29 from rectal swabs; 21/29 from other clinical specimens) have been investigated by Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS). Outbreak isolates showed a multidrug-resistant profile and harbored several resistance determinants, including blaCTX-M-27, aadA5, dfrA17, sulI, gyrA1AB and parC1aAB. Phylogenomic analysis identified the ST131 cluster 1 (23/29 isolates), H30Rx clade C, as responsible for the epidemic event. A further two KPC-Ec ST131 clusters were identified: cluster 2 (n = 2/29) and cluster 3 (n = 1/29). The remaining KPC-Ec resulted in ST978 (n = 2/29) and ST1193 (n = 1/29), and were blaKPC-3 associated. The KPC-Ec ST131 cluster 1, originated in a previous KPC-Kp endemic context probably by plasmid transfer, and showed a clonal dissemination strategy. Transmission of the blaKPC gene to the globally disseminated high-risk ST131 clone represents a serious cause of concern. Application of WGS in outbreak investigations could be useful to better understand the evolution of epidemic events in order to address infection control and contrast interventions, especially when high-risk epidemic clones are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Piazza
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Francesco Comandatore
- Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Matteo Perini
- Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Elisa Meroni
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (E.M.); (F.L.)
| | | | - Roberta Migliavacca
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Luzzaro
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (E.M.); (F.L.)
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15
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Ferreira C, Bikkarolla SK, Frykholm K, Pohjanen S, Brito M, Lameiras C, Nunes OC, Westerlund F, Manaia CM. Polyphasic characterization of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates suggests vertical transmission of the blaKPC-3 gene. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247058. [PMID: 33635888 PMCID: PMC7909683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are a major global threat in healthcare facilities. The propagation of carbapenem resistance determinants can occur through vertical transmission, with genetic elements being transmitted by the host bacterium, or by horizontal transmission, with the same genetic elements being transferred among distinct bacterial hosts. This work aimed to track carbapenem resistance transmission by K. pneumoniae in a healthcare facility. The study involved a polyphasic approach based on conjugation assays, resistance phenotype and genotype analyses, whole genome sequencing, and plasmid characterization by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and optical DNA mapping. Out of 40 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered over two years, five were carbapenem- and multidrug-resistant and belonged to multilocus sequence type ST147. These isolates harboured the carbapenemase encoding blaKPC-3 gene, integrated in conjugative plasmids of 140 kbp or 55 kbp, belonging to replicon types incFIA/incFIIK or incN/incFIIK, respectively. The two distinct plasmids encoding the blaKPC-3 gene were associated with distinct genetic lineages, as confirmed by optical DNA mapping and whole genome sequence analyses. These results suggested vertical (bacterial strain-based) transmission of the carbapenem-resistance genetic elements. Determination of the mode of transmission of antibiotic resistance in healthcare facilities, only possible based on polyphasic approaches as described here, is essential to control resistance propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Ferreira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Santosh K. Bikkarolla
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolin Frykholm
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saga Pohjanen
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Olga C. Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CMM); (FW)
| | - Célia M. Manaia
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (CMM); (FW)
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16
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Arredondo-Alonso S, Top J, Corander J, Willems RJL, Schürch AC. Mode and dynamics of vanA-type vancomycin resistance dissemination in Dutch hospitals. Genome Med 2021; 13:9. [PMID: 33472670 PMCID: PMC7816424 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus faecium is a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans but also a causative agent of hospital-acquired infections. Resistance against glycopeptides and to vancomycin has motivated the inclusion of E. faecium in the WHO global priority list. Vancomycin resistance can be conferred by the vanA gene cluster on the transposon Tn1546, which is frequently present in plasmids. The vanA gene cluster can be disseminated clonally but also horizontally either by plasmid dissemination or by Tn1546 transposition between different genomic locations. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of the genomic epidemiology of 309 vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE) isolates across 32 Dutch hospitals (2012-2015). Genomic information regarding clonality and Tn1546 characterization was extracted using hierBAPS sequence clusters (SC) and TETyper, respectively. Plasmids were predicted using gplas in combination with a network approach based on shared k-mer content. Next, we conducted a pairwise comparison between isolates sharing a potential epidemiological link to elucidate whether clonal, plasmid, or Tn1546 spread accounted for vanA-type resistance dissemination. RESULTS On average, we estimated that 59% of VRE cases with a potential epidemiological link were unrelated which was defined as VRE pairs with a distinct Tn1546 variant. Clonal dissemination accounted for 32% cases in which the same SC and Tn1546 variants were identified. Horizontal plasmid dissemination accounted for 7% of VRE cases, in which we observed VRE pairs belonging to a distinct SC but carrying an identical plasmid and Tn1546 variant. In 2% of cases, we observed the same Tn1546 variant in distinct SC and plasmid types which could be explained by mixed and consecutive events of clonal and plasmid dissemination. CONCLUSIONS In related VRE cases, the dissemination of the vanA gene cluster in Dutch hospitals between 2012 and 2015 was dominated by clonal spread. However, we also identified outbreak settings with high frequencies of plasmid dissemination in which the spread of resistance was mainly driven by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This study demonstrates the feasibility of distinguishing between modes of dissemination with short-read data and provides a novel assessment to estimate the relative contribution of nested genomic elements in the dissemination of vanA-type resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Arredondo-Alonso
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janetta Top
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jukka Corander
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Helsinki Institute of Information Technology (HIIT), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rob J L Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anita C Schürch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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17
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David S, Cohen V, Reuter S, Sheppard AE, Giani T, Parkhill J, Rossolini GM, Feil EJ, Grundmann H, Aanensen DM. Integrated chromosomal and plasmid sequence analyses reveal diverse modes of carbapenemase gene spread among Klebsiella pneumoniae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25043-25054. [PMID: 32968015 PMCID: PMC7587227 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003407117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and genomic surveillance systems for bacterial pathogens currently rely on tracking clonally evolving lineages. By contrast, plasmids are usually excluded or analyzed with low-resolution techniques, despite being the primary vectors of antibiotic resistance genes across many key pathogens. Here, we used a combination of long- and short-read sequence data of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (n = 1,717) from a European survey to perform an integrated, continent-wide study of chromosomal and plasmid diversity. This revealed three contrasting modes of dissemination used by carbapenemase genes, which confer resistance to last-line carbapenems. First, blaOXA-48-like genes have spread primarily via the single epidemic pOXA-48-like plasmid, which emerged recently in clinical settings and spread rapidly to numerous lineages. Second, blaVIM and blaNDM genes have spread via transient associations of many diverse plasmids with numerous lineages. Third, blaKPC genes have transmitted predominantly by stable association with one successful clonal lineage (ST258/512) yet have been mobilized among diverse plasmids within this lineage. We show that these plasmids, which include pKpQIL-like and IncX3 plasmids, have a long association (and are coevolving) with the lineage, although frequent recombination and rearrangement events between them have led to a complex array of mosaic plasmids carrying blaKPC Taken altogether, these results reveal the diverse trajectories of antibiotic resistance genes in clinical settings, summarized as using one plasmid/multiple lineages, multiple plasmids/multiple lineages, and multiple plasmids/one lineage. Our study provides a framework for the much needed incorporation of plasmid data into genomic surveillance systems, an essential step toward a more comprehensive understanding of resistance spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia David
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge, United Kingdom;
| | - Victoria Cohen
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Reuter
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna E Sheppard
- Modernizing Medical Microbiology Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Tommaso Giani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB3 0ES Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Edward J Feil
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Hajo Grundmann
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David M Aanensen
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge, United Kingdom;
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
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Genomic Epidemiology of Complex, Multispecies, Plasmid-Borne bla KPC Carbapenemase in Enterobacterales in the United Kingdom from 2009 to 2014. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02244-19. [PMID: 32094139 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02244-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales is a public health threat. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (encoded by alleles of the bla KPC family) is one of the most common transmissible carbapenem resistance mechanisms worldwide. The dissemination of bla KPC historically has been associated with distinct K. pneumoniae lineages (clonal group 258 [CG258]), a particular plasmid family (pKpQIL), and a composite transposon (Tn4401). In the United Kingdom, bla KPC has represented a large-scale, persistent management challenge for some hospitals, particularly in North West England. The dissemination of bla KPC has evolved to be polyclonal and polyspecies, but the genetic mechanisms underpinning this evolution have not been elucidated in detail; this study used short-read whole-genome sequencing of 604 bla KPC-positive isolates (Illumina) and long-read assembly (PacBio)/polishing (Illumina) of 21 isolates for characterization. We observed the dissemination of bla KPC (predominantly bla KPC-2; 573/604 [95%] isolates) across eight species and more than 100 known sequence types. Although there was some variation at the transposon level (mostly Tn4401a, 584/604 [97%] isolates; predominantly with ATTGA-ATTGA target site duplications, 465/604 [77%] isolates), bla KPC spread appears to have been supported by highly fluid, modular exchange of larger genetic segments among plasmid populations dominated by IncFIB (580/604 isolates), IncFII (545/604 isolates), and IncR (252/604 isolates) replicons. The subset of reconstructed plasmid sequences (21 isolates, 77 plasmids) also highlighted modular exchange among non-bla KPC and bla KPC plasmids and the common presence of multiple replicons within bla KPC plasmid structures (>60%). The substantial genomic plasticity observed has important implications for our understanding of the epidemiology of transmissible carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales for the implementation of adequate surveillance approaches and for control.
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19
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Decano AG, Downing T. An Escherichia coli ST131 pangenome atlas reveals population structure and evolution across 4,071 isolates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17394. [PMID: 31758048 PMCID: PMC6874702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli ST131 is a major cause of infection with extensive antimicrobial resistance (AMR) facilitated by widespread beta-lactam antibiotic use. This drug pressure has driven extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene acquisition and evolution in pathogens, so a clearer resolution of ST131's origin, adaptation and spread is essential. E. coli ST131's ESBL genes are typically embedded in mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that aid transfer to new plasmid or chromosomal locations, which are mobilised further by plasmid conjugation and recombination, resulting in a flexible ESBL, MGE and plasmid composition with a conserved core genome. We used population genomics to trace the evolution of AMR in ST131 more precisely by extracting all available high-quality Illumina HiSeq read libraries to investigate 4,071 globally-sourced genomes, the largest ST131 collection examined so far. We applied rigorous quality-control, genome de novo assembly and ESBL gene screening to resolve ST131's population structure across three genetically distinct Clades (A, B, C) and abundant subclades from the dominant Clade C. We reconstructed their evolutionary relationships across the core and accessory genomes using published reference genomes, long read assemblies and k-mer-based methods to contextualise pangenome diversity. The three main C subclades have co-circulated globally at relatively stable frequencies over time, suggesting attaining an equilibrium after their origin and initial rapid spread. This contrasted with their ESBL genes, which had stronger patterns across time, geography and subclade, and were located at distinct locations across the chromosomes and plasmids between isolates. Within the three C subclades, the core and accessory genome diversity levels were not correlated due to plasmid and MGE activity, unlike patterns between the three main clades, A, B and C. This population genomic study highlights the dynamic nature of the accessory genomes in ST131, suggesting that surveillance should anticipate genetically variable outbreaks with broader antibiotic resistance levels. Our findings emphasise the potential of evolutionary pangenomics to improve our understanding of AMR gene transfer, adaptation and transmission to discover accessory genome changes linked to novel subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Gonzales Decano
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Tim Downing
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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20
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Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Mechanisms, epidemiology and evolution. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 44:100640. [PMID: 31492517 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are powerful drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infections. The inappropriate use of these medicines has driven the dissemination of antibiotic resistance (AR) in most bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen commonly involved in environmental- and difficult-to-treat hospital-acquired infections. This species is frequently resistant to several antibiotics, being in the "critical" category of the WHO's priority pathogens list for research and development of new antibiotics. In addition to a remarkable intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics, P. aeruginosa can acquire resistance through chromosomal mutations and acquisition of AR genes. P. aeruginosa has one of the largest bacterial genomes and possesses a significant assortment of genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which are frequently localized within integrons and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as transposons, insertion sequences, genomic islands, phages, plasmids and integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). This genomic diversity results in a non-clonal population structure, punctuated by specific clones that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, the so-called high-risk clones. Acquisition of MGEs produces a fitness cost in the host, that can be eased over time by compensatory mutations during MGE-host coevolution. Even though plasmids and ICEs are important drivers of AR, the underlying evolutionary traits that promote this dissemination are poorly understood. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the main strategies involved in AR in P. aeruginosa and the leading drivers of HGT in this species. The most recently developed genomic tools that allowed a better understanding of the features contributing for the success of P. aeruginosa are discussed.
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21
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Botelho J, Grosso F, Peixe L. WITHDRAWN: Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa – mechanisms, epidemiology and evolution. Drug Resist Updat 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Klebsiella quasipneumoniae Provides a Window into Carbapenemase Gene Transfer, Plasmid Rearrangements, and Patient Interactions with the Hospital Environment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02513-18. [PMID: 30910889 PMCID: PMC6535554 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02513-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several emerging pathogens have arisen as a result of selection pressures exerted by modern health care. Klebsiella quasipneumoniae was recently defined as a new species, yet its prevalence, niche, and propensity to acquire antimicrobial resistance genes are not fully described. Several emerging pathogens have arisen as a result of selection pressures exerted by modern health care. Klebsiella quasipneumoniae was recently defined as a new species, yet its prevalence, niche, and propensity to acquire antimicrobial resistance genes are not fully described. We have been tracking inter- and intraspecies transmission of the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) gene, blaKPC, between bacteria isolated from a single institution. We applied a combination of Illumina and PacBio whole-genome sequencing to identify and compare K. quasipneumoniae from patients and the hospital environment over 10- and 5-year periods, respectively. There were 32 blaKPC-positive K. quasipneumoniae isolates, all of which were identified as K. pneumoniae in the clinical microbiology laboratory, from 8 patients and 11 sink drains, with evidence for seven separate blaKPC plasmid acquisitions. Analysis of a single subclade of K. quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneumoniae (n = 23 isolates) from three patients and six rooms demonstrated seeding of a sink by a patient, subsequent persistence of the strain in the hospital environment, and then possible transmission to another patient. Longitudinal analysis of this strain demonstrated the acquisition of two unique blaKPC plasmids and then subsequent within-strain genetic rearrangement through transposition and homologous recombination. Our analysis highlights the apparent molecular propensity of K. quasipneumoniae to persist in the environment as well as acquire carbapenemase plasmids from other species and enabled an assessment of the genetic rearrangements which may facilitate horizontal transmission of carbapenemases.
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