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WANG H, WANG L, FAN K, PAN G. Tetracycline natural products: discovery, biosynthesis and engineering. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:773-794. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Baldera-Aguayo PA, Lee A, Cornish VW. High-Titer Production of the Fungal Anhydrotetracycline, TAN-1612, in Engineered Yeasts. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2429-2444. [PMID: 35699947 PMCID: PMC9480237 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat, demanding urgent responses. Tetracyclines, a widely used antibiotic class, are increasingly succumbing to antibiotic resistance; generating novel analogues is therefore a top priority for public health. Fungal tetracyclines provide structural and enzymatic diversity for novel tetracycline analogue production in tractable heterologous hosts, like yeasts, to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Here, we successfully engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) and Saccharomyces boulardii (probiotic yeast) to produce the nonantibiotic fungal anhydrotetracycline, TAN-1612, in synthetic defined media─necessary for clean purifications─through heterologously expressing TAN-1612 genes mined from the fungus, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015. This was accomplished via (i) a promoter library-based combinatorial pathway optimization of the biosynthetic TAN-1612 genes coexpressed with a putative TAN-1612 efflux pump, reducing TAN-1612 toxicity in yeasts while simultaneously increasing supernatant titers and (ii) the development of a medium-throughput UV-visible spectrophotometric assay that facilitates TAN-1612 combinatorial library screening. Through this multipronged approach, we optimized TAN-1612 production, yielding an over 450-fold increase compared to previously reported S. cerevisiae yields. TAN-1612 is an important tetracycline analogue precursor, and we thus present the first step toward generating novel tetracycline analogue therapeutics to combat current and emerging antibiotic resistance. We also report the first heterologous production of a fungal polyketide, like TAN-1612, in the probiotic S. boulardii. This highlights that engineered S. boulardii can biosynthesize complex natural products like tetracyclines, setting the stage to equip probiotic yeasts with synthetic therapeutic functionalities to generate living therapeutics or biocontrol agents for clinical and agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Baldera-Aguayo
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 550 W 120th Street, Northwest Corner Building 1206, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Arden Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 550 W 120th Street, Northwest Corner Building 1206, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Virginia W Cornish
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 550 W 120th Street, Northwest Corner Building 1206, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Cancer Research Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, New York 10032, United States
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Tan YY, Zhu GY, Ye RF, Zhang HZ, Zhu DY. Increasing Demeclocycline Production in Streptomyces aureofaciens by Manipulating the Expression of a Novel SARP Family Regulator and Its Genes. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Robertsen HL, Musiol-Kroll EM. Actinomycete-Derived Polyketides as a Source of Antibiotics and Lead Structures for the Development of New Antimicrobial Drugs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E157. [PMID: 31547063 PMCID: PMC6963833 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes are remarkable producers of compounds essential for human and veterinary medicine as well as for agriculture. The genomes of those microorganisms possess several sets of genes (biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC)) encoding pathways for the production of the valuable secondary metabolites. A significant proportion of the identified BGCs in actinomycetes encode pathways for the biosynthesis of polyketide compounds, nonribosomal peptides, or hybrid products resulting from the combination of both polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). The potency of these molecules, in terms of bioactivity, was recognized in the 1940s, and started the "Golden Age" of antimicrobial drug discovery. Since then, several valuable polyketide drugs, such as erythromycin A, tylosin, monensin A, rifamycin, tetracyclines, amphotericin B, and many others were isolated from actinomycetes. This review covers the most relevant actinomycetes-derived polyketide drugs with antimicrobial activity, including anti-fungal agents. We provide an overview of the source of the compounds, structure of the molecules, the biosynthetic principle, bioactivity and mechanisms of action, and the current stage of development. This review emphasizes the importance of actinomycetes-derived antimicrobial polyketides and should serve as a "lexicon", not only to scientists from the Natural Products field, but also to clinicians and others interested in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene L Robertsen
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ewa M Musiol-Kroll
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Kinanthraquinone, a new anthraquinone carboxamide isolated from Streptomyces reveromyceticus SN-593-44. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018; 71:480-482. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-017-0020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Petković H, Lukežič T, Šušković J. Biosynthesis of Oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus:
Past, Present and Future Directions in the Development
of Tetracycline Antibiotics. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017; 55:3-13. [PMID: 28559729 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.55.01.17.4617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural tetracycline (TC) antibiotics were the first major class of therapeutics to earn the distinction of 'broad-spectrum antibiotics' and they have been used since the 1940s against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, mycoplasmas, intracellular chlamydiae, rickettsiae and protozoan parasites. The second generation of semisynthetic tetracyclines, such as minocycline and doxycycline, with improved antimicrobial potency, were introduced during the 1960s. Despite emerging resistance to TCs erupting during the 1980s, it was not until 2006, more than four decades later, that a third--generation TC, named tigecycline, was launched. In addition, two TC analogues, omadacycline and eravacycline, developed via (semi)synthetic and fully synthetic routes, respectively, are at present under clinical evaluation. Interestingly, despite very productive early work on the isolation of a Streptomyces aureofaciens mutant strain that produced 6-demethyl-7-chlortetracycline, the key intermediate in the production of second- and third-generation TCs, biosynthetic approaches in TC development have not been productive for more than 50 years. Relatively slow and tedious molecular biology approaches for the genetic manipulation of TC-producing actinobacteria, as well as an insufficient understanding of the enzymatic mechanisms involved in TC biosynthesis have significantly contributed to the low success of such biosynthetic engineering efforts. However, new opportunities in TC drug development have arisen thanks to a significant progress in the development of affordable and versatile biosynthetic engineering and synthetic biology approaches, and, importantly, to a much deeper understanding of TC biosynthesis, mostly gained over the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Petković
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty,
Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Lukežič
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,
Saarland University, Campus E 8.1, DE-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology,
University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Yin S, Li Z, Wang X, Wang H, Jia X, Ai G, Bai Z, Shi M, Yuan F, Liu T, Wang W, Yang K. Heterologous expression of oxytetracycline biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces venezuelae WVR2006 to improve production level and to alter fermentation process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10563-10572. [PMID: 27709288 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression is an important strategy to activate biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites. Here, it is employed to activate and manipulate the oxytetracycline (OTC) gene cluster and to alter OTC fermentation process. To achieve these goals, a fast-growing heterologous host Streptomyces venezuelae WVR2006 was rationally selected among several potential hosts. It shows rapid and dispersed growth and intrinsic high resistance to OTC. By manipulating the expression of two cluster-situated regulators (CSR) OtcR and OtrR and precursor supply, the OTC production level was significantly increased in this heterologous host from 75 to 431 mg/l only in 48 h, a level comparable to the native producer Streptomyces rimosus M4018 in 8 days. This work shows that S. venezuelae WVR2006 is a promising chassis for the production of secondary metabolites, and the engineered heterologous OTC producer has the potential to completely alter the fermentation process of OTC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhuan Wang
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Jia
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guomin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Liu
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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Xu W, Raetz LB, Wang P, Tang Y. An ATP-dependent ligase catalyzes the fourth ring cyclization in tetracycline biosynthesis. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Strategies for the Discovery and Development of New Antibiotics from Natural Products: Three Case Studies. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 398:339-363. [PMID: 27738913 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural products continue to be a predominant source for new anti-infective agents. Research at the Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) is dedicated to the development of new lead structures against infectious diseases and, in particular, new antibiotics against hard-to-treat and multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. In this chapter, we introduce some of the concepts currently being employed in the field of antibiotic discovery. In particular, we will exemplarily illustrate three approaches: (1) Current sources for novel compounds are mainly soil-dwelling bacteria. In the course of our antimicrobial discovery program, a biodiverse collection of myxobacterial strains has been established and screened for antibiotic activities. Based on this effort, one successful example is presented in this chapter: Antibacterial cystobactamids were discovered and their molecular target, the DNA gyrase, was identified soon after the analysis of myxobacterial self-resistance making use of the information found in the respective biosynthesis gene cluster. (2) Besides our focus on novel natural products, we also apply strategies to further develop either neglected drugs or widely used antibiotics for which development of resistance in the clinical setting is an issue: Antimycobacterial griselimycins were first described in the 1960s but their development and use in tuberculosis therapy was not further pursued. We show how a griselimycin derivative with improved pharmacokinetic properties and enhanced potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed and validated a novel target for antibacterial therapy, the DNA sliding clamp. (3) In a third approach, biosynthetic engineering was used to modify and optimize natural products regarding their pharmaceutical properties and their production scale: The atypical tetracycline chelocardin is a natural product scaffold that was modified to yield a more potent derivative exhibiting activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens. This was achieved by genetic engineering of the producer strain and the resulting compound is now subject to further optimization by medicinal chemistry approaches.
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Yin S, Wang W, Wang X, Zhu Y, Jia X, Li S, Yuan F, Zhang Y, Yang K. Identification of a cluster-situated activator of oxytetracycline biosynthesis and manipulation of its expression for improved oxytetracycline production in Streptomyces rimosus. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:46. [PMID: 25886456 PMCID: PMC4393881 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commercially produced by Streptomyces rimosus. Despite its importance, little is known about the regulation of OTC biosynthesis, which hampered any effort to improve OTC production via engineering regulatory genes. Results A gene encoding a Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein (SARP) was discovered immediately adjacent to the otrB gene of oxy cluster in S. rimosus and designated otcR. Deletion and complementation of otcR abolished or restored OTC production, respectively, indicating that otcR encodes an essential activator of OTC biosynthesis. Then, the predicted consensus SARP-binding sequences were extracted from the promoter regions of oxy cluster. Transcriptional analysis in a heterologous GFP reporter system demonstrated that OtcR directly activated the transcription of five oxy promoters in E. coli, further mutational analysis of a SARP-binding sequence of oxyI promoter proved that OtcR directly interacted with the consensus repeats. Therefore, otcR was chosen as an engineering target, OTC production was significantly increased by overexpression of otcR as tandem copies each under the control of strong SF14 promoter. Conclusions A SARP activator, OtcR, was identified in oxy cluster of S. rimosus; it was shown to directly activate five promoters from oxy cluster. Overexpression of otcR at an appropriate level dramatically increased OTC production by 6.49 times compared to the parental strain, thus demonstrating the great potential of manipulating OtcR to improve the yield of OTC production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0231-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Yin
- Department of Environmental and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), D11 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 50 Shengxue Road, Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaole Jia
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 50 Shengxue Road, Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 50 Shengxue Road, Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), D11 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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Lešnik U, Lukežič T, Podgoršek A, Horvat J, Polak T, Šala M, Jenko B, Harmrolfs K, Ocampo-Sosa A, Martínez-Martínez L, Herron PR, Fujs Š, Kosec G, Hunter IS, Müller R, Petković H. Construction of a New Class of Tetracycline Lead Structures with Potent Antibacterial Activity through Biosynthetic Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Lešnik U, Lukežič T, Podgoršek A, Horvat J, Polak T, Šala M, Jenko B, Harmrolfs K, Ocampo-Sosa A, Martínez-Martínez L, Herron PR, Fujs Š, Kosec G, Hunter IS, Müller R, Petković H. Construction of a new class of tetracycline lead structures with potent antibacterial activity through biosynthetic engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3937-40. [PMID: 25650563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and the shortage of novel antibiotics have led to an urgent need for new antibacterial drug leads. Several existing natural product scaffolds (including chelocardins) have not been developed because their suboptimal pharmacological properties could not be addressed at the time. It is demonstrated here that reviving such compounds through the application of biosynthetic engineering can deliver novel drug candidates. Through a rational approach, the carboxamido moiety of tetracyclines (an important structural feature for their bioactivity) was introduced into the chelocardins, which are atypical tetracyclines with an unknown mode of action. A broad-spectrum antibiotic lead was generated with significantly improved activity, including against all Gram-negative pathogens of the ESKAPE panel. Since the lead structure is also amenable to further chemical modification, it is a platform for further development through medicinal chemistry and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Lešnik
- Acies Bio, d.o.o., Tehnološki park 21, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia)
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Park OJ. Recent Developments and Prospects in the Enzymatic Acylations. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2013.51.6.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Wang F, Zhou M, Singh S, Yennamalli RM, Bingman CA, Thorson JS, Phillips GN. Crystal structure of SsfS6, the putative C-glycosyltransferase involved in SF2575 biosynthesis. Proteins 2013; 81:1277-82. [PMID: 23526584 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecule known as SF2575 from Streptomyces sp. is a tetracycline polyketide natural product that displays antitumor activity against murine leukemia P388 in vivo. In the SF2575 biosynthetic pathway, SsfS6 has been implicated as the crucial C-glycosyltransferase (C-GT) that forms the C-C glycosidic bond between the sugar and the SF2575 tetracycline-like scaffold. Here, we report the crystal structure of SsfS6 in the free form and in complex with TDP, both at 2.4 Å resolution. The structures reveal SsfS6 to adopt a GT-B fold wherein the TDP and docked putative aglycon are consistent with the overall C-glycosylation reaction. As one of only a few existing structures for C-glycosyltransferases, the structures described herein may serve as a guide to better understand and engineer C-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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