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Delaeter M, Magnin-Robert M, Randoux B, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Biostimulant and Biocontrol Agents: A Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1281. [PMID: 39065050 PMCID: PMC11278648 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil microorganisms living in symbiosis with most terrestrial plants. They are known to improve plant tolerance to numerous abiotic and biotic stresses through the systemic induction of resistance mechanisms. With the aim of developing more sustainable agriculture, reducing the use of chemical inputs is becoming a major concern. After providing an overview on AMF history, phylogeny, development cycle and symbiosis benefits, the current review aims to explore the potential of AMF as biostimulants and/or biocontrol agents. Nowadays, AMF inoculums are already increasingly used as biostimulants, improving mineral nutrient plant acquisition. However, their role as a promising tool in the biocontrol market, as an alternative to chemical phytosanitary products, is underexplored and underdiscussed. Thus, in the current review, we will address the mechanisms of mycorrhized plant resistance to biotic stresses induced by AMF, and highlight the various factors in favor of inoculum application, but also the challenges that remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, UR 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, 50 Rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais, France
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Kumar S, Shukla V, Tripathi YN, Aamir M, Divyanshu K, Yadav M, Upadhyay RS. Biochemical changes, antioxidative profile, and efficacy of the bio-stimulant in plant defense response against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean ( Phasaeolus vulgaris L.). Heliyon 2024; 10:e23030. [PMID: 38169743 PMCID: PMC10758741 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a highly destructive pathogen with widespread impact on common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of microbial consortia in bolstering host defense against sclerotinia rot. Specifically, we evaluated the performance of a microbial consortia comprising of Trichoderma erinaceum (T51) and Trichoderma viride (T52) (referred to as the T4 treatment) in terms of biochemical parameters, alleviation of the ROS induced cellular toxicity, membrane integrity (measured as MDA content), nutrient profiling, and the host defense-related antioxidative enzyme activities. Our findings demonstrate a notable enhancement in thiamine content, exhibiting 1.887 and 1.513-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment (only S. sclerotiorum treated). Similarly, the total proline content exhibited 3.46 and 1.24-fold higher and the total phenol content was 4.083 and 2.625-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment, respectively. Likewise, a general trend was found for other antioxidative and non-oxidative enzyme activities. However, results found were approximately similar in T2 treatment (bioprimed with T51) or T3 treatments (bioprimed with T52). Further, host defense attribute (survival rate) under the pathogen challenged condition was maximum in the T4 (15.55 % disease incidence) compared to others. Therefore, bio priming with consortia could be useful in reducing the economic losses incited by S. sclerotiorum in common beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, 751029, Odisha, India
| | - Vaishali Shukla
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yashoda Nandan Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aamir
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kumari Divyanshu
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Parveen S, Khan A, Jahan N, Aaliya K, Muzaffar A, Tabassum B, Inayatullah S, Moeezullah S, Tariq M, Rehmat Z, Ali N, Hussain A. Expression of Chitinase and shRNA Gene Exhibits Resistance to Fungi and Virus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051090. [PMID: 37239450 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing global population, saving crops from diseases caused by different kinds of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes is essential. Potato is affected by various diseases, destroying many crops in the field and storage. In this study, we developed potato lines resistant to fungi and viruses, Potato Virus X (PVX) and Potato Virus Y (PVY), by inoculating chitinase for fungi and shRNA designed against the mRNA of the coat protein of PVX and PVY, respectively. The construct was developed using the pCAMBIA2301 vector and transformed into AGB-R (red skin) potato cultivar using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The crude protein extract of the transgenic potato plant inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum from ~13 to 63%. The detached leaf assay of the transgenic line (SP-21) showed decreased necrotic spots compared to the non-transgenic control when challenged with Fusarium oxysporum. The transgenic line, SP-21, showed maximum knockdown when challenged with PVX and PVY, i.e., 89 and 86%, while transgenic line SP-148 showed 68 and 70% knockdown in the PVX- and PVY-challenged conditions, respectively. It is concluded from this study that the developed transgenic potato cultivar AGB-R showed resistance against fungi and viruses (PVX and PVY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Parveen
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Aaliya
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Muzaffar
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Inayatullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Syed Moeezullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zainia Rehmat
- Department of Biotechnology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
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Determination of Reactive Oxygen or Nitrogen Species and Novel Volatile Organic Compounds in the Defense Responses of Tomato Plants against Botrytis cinerea Induced by Trichoderma virens TRS 106. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193051. [PMID: 36231012 PMCID: PMC9563596 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Trichoderma virens TRS 106 decreased grey mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.) by enhancing their defense responses. Generally, plants belonging to the ‘Remiz’ variety, which were infected more effectively by B. cinerea than ‘Perkoz’ plants, generated more reactive molecules such as superoxide (O2−) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), S-nitrosothiols (SNO), and green leaf volatiles (GLV). Among the new findings, histochemical analyses revealed that B. cinerea infection caused nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in chloroplasts, which was not detected in plants treated with TRS 106, while treatment of plants with TRS 106 caused systemic spreading of H2O2 and NO accumulation in apoplast and nuclei. SPME-GCxGC TOF-MS analysis revealed 24 volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plants treated with TRS 106. Some of the hexanol derivatives, e.g., 4-ethyl-2-hexynal and 1,5-hexadien-3-ol, and salicylic acid derivatives, e.g., 4-hepten-2-yl and isoamyl salicylates, are considered in the protection of tomato plants against B. cinerea for the first time. The results are valuable for further studies aiming to further determine the location and function of NO in plants treated with Trichoderma and check the contribution of detected VOC in plant protection against B. cinerea.
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Afridi MS, Javed MA, Ali S, De Medeiros FHV, Ali B, Salam A, Sumaira, Marc RA, Alkhalifah DHM, Selim S, Santoyo G. New opportunities in plant microbiome engineering for increasing agricultural sustainability under stressful conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899464. [PMID: 36186071 PMCID: PMC9524194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant microbiome (or phytomicrobiome) engineering (PME) is an anticipated untapped alternative strategy that could be exploited for plant growth, health and productivity under different environmental conditions. It has been proven that the phytomicrobiome has crucial contributions to plant health, pathogen control and tolerance under drastic environmental (a)biotic constraints. Consistent with plant health and safety, in this article we address the fundamental role of plant microbiome and its insights in plant health and productivity. We also explore the potential of plant microbiome under environmental restrictions and the proposition of improving microbial functions that can be supportive for better plant growth and production. Understanding the crucial role of plant associated microbial communities, we propose how the associated microbial actions could be enhanced to improve plant growth-promoting mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on plant beneficial fungi. Additionally, we suggest the possible plant strategies to adapt to a harsh environment by manipulating plant microbiomes. However, our current understanding of the microbiome is still in its infancy, and the major perturbations, such as anthropocentric actions, are not fully understood. Therefore, this work highlights the importance of manipulating the beneficial plant microbiome to create more sustainable agriculture, particularly under different environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Salam
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sumaira
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
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Ahmed B, Smart LB, Hijri M. Microbiome of Field Grown Hemp Reveals Potential Microbial Interactions With Root and Rhizosphere Soil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:741597. [PMID: 34867858 PMCID: PMC8634612 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a crop bred and grown for the production of fiber, grain, and floral extracts that contribute to health and wellness. Hemp plants interact with a myriad of microbiota inhabiting the phyllosphere, endosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere. These microbes offer many ecological services, particularly those of below ground biotopes which are involved in nutrient cycling, uptake, and alleviating biotic and abiotic stress. The microbiota communities of the hemp rhizosphere in the field are not well documented. To discover core microbiota associated with field grown hemp, we cultivated single C. sativa cultivar, “TJ’s CBD,” in six different fields in New York and sampled hemp roots and their rhizospheric soil. We used Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing targeting 16S ribosomal DNA of bacteria and ITS of fungi to study microbial community structure of hemp roots and rhizospheres. We found that Planctobacteria and Ascomycota dominated the taxonomic composition of hemp associated microbial community. We identified potential core microbiota in each community (bacteria: eight bacterial amplicon sequence variant – ASV, identified as Gimesia maris, Pirellula sp. Lacipirellula limnantheis, Gemmata sp. and unclassified Planctobacteria; fungi: three ASVs identified as Fusarium oxysporum, Gibellulopsis piscis, and Mortierella minutissima). We found 14 ASVs as hub taxa [eight bacterial ASVs (BASV) in the root, and four bacterial and two fungal ASVs in the rhizosphere soil], and 10 BASV connected the root and rhizosphere soil microbiota to form an extended microbial communication in hemp. The only hub taxa detected in both the root and rhizosphere soil microbiota was ASV37 (Caulifigura coniformis), a bacterial taxon. The core microbiota and Network hub taxa can be studied further for biocontrol activities and functional investigations in the formulation of hemp bioinoculants. This study documented the microbial diversity and community structure of hemp grown in six fields, which could contribute toward the development of bioinoculants for hemp that could be used in organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulbul Ahmed
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence B Smart
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Velasco P, Rodríguez VM, Soengas P, Poveda J. Trichoderma hamatum Increases Productivity, Glucosinolate Content and Antioxidant Potential of Different Leafy Brassica Vegetables. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112449. [PMID: 34834812 PMCID: PMC8619120 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Brassica crops include important vegetables known as "superfoods" due to the content of phytochemicals of great interest to human health, such as glucosinolates (GSLs) and antioxidant compounds. On the other hand, Trichoderma is a genus of filamentous fungi that includes several species described as biostimulants and/or biological control agents in agriculture. In a previous work, an endophytic strain of Trichoderma hamatum was isolated from kale roots (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), describing its ability to induce systemic resistance in its host plant. In the present work, some of the main leafy Brassica crops (kale, cabbage, leaf rape and turnip greens) have been root-inoculated with T. hamatum, having the aim to verify the possible capacity of the fungus as a biostimulant in productivity as well as the foliar content of GSLs and its antioxidant potential, in order to improve these "superfoods". The results reported, for the first time, an increase in the productivity of kale (55%), cabbage (36%) and turnip greens (46%) by T. hamatum root inoculation. Furthermore, fungal inoculation reported a significant increase in the content of total GSLs in cabbage and turnip greens, mainly of the GSLs sinigrin and gluconapin, respectively, along with an increase in their antioxidant capacity. Therefore, T. hamatum could be a good agricultural biostimulant in leafy Brassica crops, increasing the content of GSLs and antioxidant potential of great food and health interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Velasco
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain; (P.V.); (V.M.R.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Pilar Soengas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain; (P.V.); (V.M.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Jorge Poveda
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Campus Arrosadía, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Genome editing for resistance against plant pests and pathogens. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:427-459. [PMID: 34143358 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The conventional breeding of crops struggles to keep up with increasing food needs and ever-adapting pests and pathogens. Global climate changes have imposed another layer of complexity to biological systems, increasing the challenge to obtain improved crop cultivars. These dictate the development and application of novel technologies, like genome editing (GE), that assist targeted and fast breeding programs in crops, with enhanced resistance to pests and pathogens. GE does not require crossings, hence avoiding the introduction of undesirable traits through linkage in elite varieties, speeding up the whole breeding process. Additionally, GE technologies can improve plant protection by directly targeting plant susceptibility (S) genes or virulence factors of pests and pathogens, either through the direct edition of the pest genome or by adding the GE machinery to the plant genome or to microorganisms functioning as biocontrol agents (BCAs). Over the years, GE technology has been continuously evolving and more so with the development of CRISPR/Cas. Here we review the latest advancements of GE to improve plant protection, focusing on CRISPR/Cas-based genome edition of crops and pests and pathogens. We discuss how other technologies, such as host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) and the use of BCAs could benefit from CRISPR/Cas to accelerate the development of green strategies to promote a sustainable agriculture in the future.
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Ye X, Li Z, Luo X, Wang W, Li Y, Li R, Zhang B, Qiao Y, Zhou J, Fan J, Wang H, Huang Y, Cao H, Cui Z, Zhang R. A predatory myxobacterium controls cucumber Fusarium wilt by regulating the soil microbial community. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:49. [PMID: 32252828 PMCID: PMC7137222 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxobacteria are micropredators in the soil ecosystem with the capacity to move and feed cooperatively. Some myxobacterial strains have been used to control soil-borne fungal phytopathogens. However, interactions among myxobacteria, plant pathogens, and the soil microbiome are largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the behaviors of the myxobacterium Corallococcus sp. strain EGB in the soil and its effect on the soil microbiome after inoculation for controlling cucumber Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC). RESULTS A greenhouse and a 2-year field experiment demonstrated that the solid-state fermented strain EGB significantly reduced the cucumber Fusarium wilt by 79.6% (greenhouse), 66.0% (2015, field), and 53.9% (2016, field). Strain EGB adapted to the soil environment well and decreased the abundance of soil-borne FOC efficiently. Spatiotemporal analysis of the soil microbial community showed that strain EGB migrated towards the roots and root exudates of the cucumber plants via chemotaxis. Cooccurrence network analysis of the soil microbiome indicated a decreased modularity and community number but an increased connection number per node after the application of strain EGB. Several predatory bacteria, such as Lysobacter, Microvirga, and Cupriavidus, appearing as hubs or indicators, showed intensive connections with other bacteria. CONCLUSION The predatory myxobacterium Corallococcus sp. strain EGB controlled cucumber Fusarium wilt by migrating to the plant root and regulating the soil microbial community. This strain has the potential to be developed as a novel biological control agent of soil-borne Fusarium wilt. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of plant immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Siddaiah CN, Satyanarayana NR, Mudili V, Kumar Gupta V, Gurunathan S, Rangappa S, Huntrike SS, Srivastava RK. Elicitation of resistance and associated defense responses in Trichoderma hamatum induced protection against pearl millet downy mildew pathogen. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43991. [PMID: 28322224 PMCID: PMC5359564 DOI: 10.1038/srep43991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic Trichoderma hamatum UoM 13 isolated from pearl millet roots was evaluated for its efficiency to suppress downy mildew disease. Under laboratory conditions, T. hamatum seed treatment significantly enhanced pearl millet seed germination and seedling vigor. T. hamatum seed treatment resulted in systemic and durable immunity against pearl millet downy mildew disease under greenhouse and field conditions. T. hamatum treated seedlings responded to downy mildew infection with high lignification and callose deposition. Analysis of defense enzymes showed that T. hamatum treatment significantly enhanced the activities of glucanase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and polyphenol oxidase in comparison to untreated control. RT-PCR analysis revealed differentially expressed transcripts of the defense enzymes and PR-proteins in treated, untreated, and checks, wherein PR-1, PR-5, and cell wall defense HRGPs were significantly over expressed in treated seedlings as against their lower expression in controls. T. hamatum treatment significantly stimulated endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels and significantly upregulated important SA biosynthesis gene isochorismate synthase. The results indicated that T. hamatum UoM13 treatment induces resistance corresponding to significant over expression of endogenous SA, important defense enzymes, PR-proteins, and HRGPs, suggesting that SA biosynthetic pathway is involved in pearl millet for mounting systemic immunity against downy mildew pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Niranjan Raj Satyanarayana
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkataramana Mudili
- Microbiology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Selvakumar Gurunathan
- Microbiology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Shekar Shetty Huntrike
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502324, Telangana, India
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Shaw S, Le Cocq K, Paszkiewicz K, Moore K, Winsbury R, de Torres Zabala M, Studholme DJ, Salmon D, Thornton CR, Grant MR. Transcriptional reprogramming underpins enhanced plant growth promotion by the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma hamatum GD12 during antagonistic interactions with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:1425-1441. [PMID: 27187266 PMCID: PMC6638342 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The free-living soil fungus Trichoderma hamatum strain GD12 is notable amongst Trichoderma strains in both controlling plant diseases and stimulating plant growth, a property enhanced during its antagonistic interactions with pathogens in soil. These attributes, alongside its markedly expanded genome and proteome compared with other biocontrol and plant growth-promoting Trichoderma strains, imply a rich potential for sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides and fertilizers for the control of plant disease and for increasing yields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the transcriptional responses of GD12 underpinning its biocontrol and plant growth promotion capabilities during antagonistic interactions with the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil. Using an extensive mRNA-seq study capturing different time points during the pathogen-antagonist interaction in soil, we show that dynamic and biphasic signatures in the GD12 transcriptome underpin its biocontrol and plant (lettuce) growth-promoting activities. Functional predictions of differentially expressed genes demonstrate the enrichment of transcripts encoding proteins involved in transportation and oxidation-reduction reactions during both processes and an over-representation of siderophores. We identify a biphasic response during biocontrol characterized by a significant induction of transcripts encoding small-secreted cysteine-rich proteins, secondary metabolite-producing gene clusters and genes unique to GD12. These data support the hypothesis that Sclerotinia biocontrol is mediated by the synthesis and secretion of antifungal compounds and that GD12's unique reservoir of uncharacterized genes is actively recruited during the effective biological control of a plurivorous plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Shaw
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
- Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and MedicineUniversity of Aberdeen23 St. Machar DriveOld AberdeenAB24 3RYUK
| | - Kate Le Cocq
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
- Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems DepartmentRothamsted ResearchNorth WykeOkehamptonEX20 2SBUK
| | - Konrad Paszkiewicz
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Karen Moore
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Rebecca Winsbury
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Marta de Torres Zabala
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - David J. Studholme
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Deborah Salmon
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Christopher R. Thornton
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Murray R. Grant
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill CampusUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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12
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Gurr GM, You M. Conservation Biological Control of Pests in the Molecular Era: New Opportunities to Address Old Constraints. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1255. [PMID: 26793225 PMCID: PMC4709504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological control has long been considered a potential alternative to pesticidal strategies for pest management but its impact and level of use globally remain modest and inconsistent. A rapidly expanding range of molecular - particularly DNA-related - techniques is currently revolutionizing many life sciences. This review identifies a series of constraints on the development and uptake of conservation biological control and considers the contemporary and likely future influence of molecular methods on these constraints. Molecular approaches are now often used to complement morphological taxonomic methods for the identification and study of biological control agents including microbes. A succession of molecular techniques has been applied to 'who eats whom' questions in food-web ecology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches have largely superseded immunological approaches such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and now - in turn - are being overtaken by next generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches that offer unparalleled power at a rapidly diminishing cost. There is scope also to use molecular techniques to manipulate biological control agents, which will be accelerated with the advent of gene editing tools, the CRISPR/Cas9 system in particular. Gene editing tools also offer unparalleled power to both elucidate and manipulate plant defense mechanisms including those that involve natural enemy attraction to attacked plants. Rapid advances in technology will allow the development of still more novel pest management options for which uptake is likely to be limited chiefly by regulatory hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff M. Gurr
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of AgricultureFuzhou, China
- Graham Centre, Charles Sturt UniversityOrange, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Geoff M. Gurr,
| | - Minsheng You
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of AgricultureFuzhou, China
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13
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Enhancement of Trichoderma Harzianum Activity Against Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum by Overexpression of Chit42. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5812/ijb.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Kowsari M, Motallebi M, Zamani M. Protein engineering of chit42 towards improvement of chitinase and antifungal activities. Curr Microbiol 2013; 68:495-502. [PMID: 24322404 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The antagonism of Trichoderma strains usually correlates with the secretion of fungal cell wall degrading enzymes such as chitinases. Chitinase Chit42 is believed to play an important role in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma strains as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi. Chit42 lacks a chitin-binding domain (ChBD) which is involved in its binding activity to insoluble chitin. In this study, a chimeric chitinase with improved enzyme activity was produced by fusing a ChBD from T. atroviride chitinase 18-10 to Chit42. The improved chitinase containing a ChBD displayed a 1.7-fold higher specific activity than chit42. This increase suggests that the ChBD provides a strong binding capacity to insoluble chitin. Moreover, Chit42-ChBD transformants showed higher antifungal activity towards seven phytopathogenic fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojegan Kowsari
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, km 15, Tehran - Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965-161, Tehran, Iran,
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15
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Studholme DJ, Harris B, Le Cocq K, Winsbury R, Perera V, Ryder L, Ward JL, Beale MH, Thornton CR, Grant M. Investigating the beneficial traits of Trichoderma hamatum GD12 for sustainable agriculture-insights from genomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:258. [PMID: 23908658 PMCID: PMC3726867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma hamatum strain GD12 is unique in that it can promote plant growth, activate biocontrol against pre- and post-emergence soil pathogens and can induce systemic resistance to foliar pathogens. This study extends previous work in lettuce to demonstrate that GD12 can confer beneficial agronomic traits to other plants, providing examples of plant growth promotion in the model dicot, Arabidopsis thaliana and induced foliar resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in the model monocot rice. We further characterize the lettuce-T. hamatum interaction to show that bran extracts from GD12 and an N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamindase-deficient mutant differentially promote growth in a concentration dependent manner, and these differences correlate with differences in the small molecule secretome. We show that GD12 mycoparasitises a range of isolates of the pre-emergence soil pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and that this interaction induces a further increase in plant growth promotion above that conferred by GD12. To understand the genetic potential encoded by T. hamatum GD12 and to facilitate its use as a model beneficial organism to study plant growth promotion, induced systemic resistance and mycoparasitism we present de novo genome sequence data. We compare GD12 with other published Trichoderma genomes and show that T. hamatum GD12 contains unique genomic regions with the potential to encode novel bioactive metabolites that may contribute to GD12's agrochemically important traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Studholme
- Biosciences, Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, UK
| | - Beverley Harris
- Biosciences, Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, UK
| | - Kate Le Cocq
- Biosciences, Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, UK
| | - Rebecca Winsbury
- Biosciences, Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, UK
| | - Venura Perera
- Biosciences, Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, UK
| | - Lauren Ryder
- Biosciences, Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, UK
| | - Jane L. Ward
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, UK
| | - Michael H. Beale
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, UK
| | - Chris R. Thornton
- Biosciences, Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, UK
| | - Murray Grant
- Biosciences, Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, UK
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Thornton CR, Wills OE. Immunodetection of fungal and oomycete pathogens: established and emerging threats to human health, animal welfare and global food security. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013; 41:27-51. [PMID: 23734714 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.788995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi (moulds), yeast-like fungi, and oomycetes cause life-threatening infections of humans and animals and are a major constraint to global food security, constituting a significant economic burden to both agriculture and medicine. As well as causing localized or systemic infections, certain species are potent producers of allergens and toxins that exacerbate respiratory diseases or cause cancer and organ damage. We review the pathogenic and toxigenic organisms that are etiologic agents of both animal and plant diseases or that have recently emerged as serious pathogens of immunocompromised individuals. The use of hybridoma and phage display technologies and their success in generating monoclonal antibodies for the detection and control of fungal and oomycete pathogens are explored. Monoclonal antibodies hold enormous potential for the development of rapid and specific tests for the diagnosis of human mycoses, however, unlike plant pathology, their use in medical mycology remains to be fully exploited.
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17
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Romão-Dumaresq AS, de Araújo WL, Talbot NJ, Thornton CR. RNA interference of endochitinases in the sugarcane endophyte Trichoderma virens 223 reduces its fitness as a biocontrol agent of pineapple disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47888. [PMID: 23110120 PMCID: PMC3479132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugarcane root endophyte Trichoderma virens 223 holds enormous potential as a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides in the control of sugarcane diseases. Its efficacy as a biocontrol agent is thought to be associated with its production of chitinase enzymes, including N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidases, chitobiosidases and endochitinases. We used targeted gene deletion and RNA-dependent gene silencing strategies to disrupt N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase and endochitinase activities of the fungus, and to determine their roles in the biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogens. The loss of N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase activities was dispensable for biocontrol of the plurivorous damping-off pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and of the sugarcane pathogen Ceratocystis paradoxa, the causal agent of pineapple disease. Similarly, suppression of endochitinase activities had no effect on R. solani and S. sclerotiorum disease control, but had a pronounced effect on the ability of T. virens 223 to control pineapple disease. Our work demonstrates a critical requirement for T. virens 223 endochitinase activity in the biocontrol of C. paradoxa sugarcane disease, but not for general antagonism of other soil pathogens. This may reflect its lifestyle as a sugarcane root endophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline S. Romão-Dumaresq
- Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welington Luiz de Araújo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas J. Talbot
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R. Thornton
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Harman GE, Herrera-Estrella AH, Horwitz BA, Lorito M. Special issue: Trichoderma--from basic Biology to Biotechnology. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2012; 158:1-2. [PMID: 22210803 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.056424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Harman
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | | | | | - Matteo Lorito
- Dipartimento di Arboricoltura, Botanica e Patologia Vegetale (ArBoPaVe), Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
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