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Parvin N, Mandal S, Rath J. Microbiome of seventh-century old Parsurameswara stone monument of India and role of desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium Lyngbya corticicola on its biodeterioration. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:40-53. [PMID: 38359904 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2305381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The Parsurameswara stone monument, built in the seventh century, is one of the oldest stone monuments in Odisha, India. Metagenomic analysis of the biological crust samples collected from the stone monument revealed 17 phyla in the microbiome, with Proteobacteria being the most dominant phylum, followed by cyanobacteria. Eight cyanobacteria were isolated. Lyngbya corticicola was the dominant cyanobacterium in all crust samples and could tolerate six months of desiccation in vitro. With six months of desiccation, chlorophyll-a decreased; however, carotenoid and cellular carbohydrate contents of this organism increased in the desiccated state. Resistance to desiccation, high carotenoid content, and effective trehalose biosynthesis in this cyanobacterium provide a distinct advantage over other microbiomes. Comparative metabolic profiles of the biological crust and L. corticicola show strongly corrosive organic acids such as dichloroacetic acid, which might be responsible for the biocorrosion of stone monuments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousi Parvin
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sikha Mandal
- Department of Botany, Sree Chaitanya College, Habra, West Bengal, India
| | - Jnanendra Rath
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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2
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Sarasa-Buisan C, Guío J, Peleato ML, Fillat MF, Sevilla E. Expanding the FurC (PerR) regulon in Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC 7120: Genome-wide identification of novel direct targets uncovers FurC participation in central carbon metabolism regulation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289761. [PMID: 37549165 PMCID: PMC10406281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
FurC (PerR, Peroxide Response Regulator) from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (also known as Nostoc sp. PCC 7120) is a master regulator engaged in the modulation of relevant processes including the response to oxidative stress, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. Previous differential gene expression analysis of a furC-overexpressing strain (EB2770FurC) allowed the inference of a putative FurC DNA-binding consensus sequence. In the present work, more data concerning the regulon of the FurC protein were obtained through the searching of the putative FurC-box in the whole Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 genome. The total amount of novel FurC-DNA binding sites found in the promoter regions of genes with known function was validated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) identifying 22 new FurC targets. Some of these identified targets display relevant roles in nitrogen fixation (hetR and hgdC) and carbon assimilation processes (cmpR, glgP1 and opcA), suggesting that FurC could be an additional player for the harmonization of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. Moreover, differential gene expression of a selection of newly identified FurC targets was measured by Real Time RT-PCR in the furC-overexpressing strain (EB2770FurC) comparing to Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 revealing that in most of these cases FurC could act as a transcriptional activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sarasa-Buisan
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular and Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Guío
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular and Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Luisa Peleato
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular and Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María F. Fillat
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular and Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Emma Sevilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular and Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Khani-Juyabad F, Mohammadi P, Zarrabi M. Insights from cyanobacterial genomic and transcriptomic analyses into adaptation strategies in terrestrial environments. Genomics 2022; 114:110438. [PMID: 35902068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenomic analysis of Nostoc sp. MG11, a terrestrial cyanobacterium, and some terrestrial and freshwater Nostoc strains showed that the terrestrial strains grouped together in a distinctive clade, which reveals the effect of habitat on shaping Nostoc genomes. Terrestrial strains showed larger genomes and had higher predicted CDS contents than freshwater strains. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that genome expansion in the terrestrial Nostoc is supported by an increase in copy number of the core genes and acquisition of shared genes. Transcriptomic profiling analysis under desiccation stress revealed that Nostoc sp. MG11 protected its cell by induction of catalase, proteases, sucrose synthase, trehalose biosynthesis and maltodextrin utilization genes and maintained its normal metabolism during this condition by up-regulation of genes related to phycobilisomes and light reactions of photosynthesis, CO2 fixation and protein metabolism. These results provide insights into the strategies related to survival and adaptation of Nostoc strains to terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khani-Juyabad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahbubeh Zarrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
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Xu HF, Raanan H, Dai GZ, Oren N, Berkowicz S, Murik O, Kaplan A, Qiu BS. Reading and surviving the harsh conditions in desert biological soil crust: The cyanobacterial viewpoint. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6308820. [PMID: 34165541 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are found in drylands, cover ∼12% of the Earth's surface in arid and semi-arid lands and their destruction is considered an important promoter of desertification. These crusts are formed by the adhesion of soil particles to polysaccharides excreted mostly by filamentous cyanobacteria, which are the pioneers and main primary producers in BSCs. Desert BSCs survive in one of the harshest environments on Earth, and are exposed to daily fluctuations of extreme conditions. The cyanobacteria inhabiting these habitats must precisely read the changing conditions and predict, for example, the forthcoming desiccation. Moreover, they evolved a comprehensive regulation of multiple adaptation strategies to enhance their stress tolerance. Here we focus on what distinguishes cyanobacteria able to revive after dehydration from those that cannot. While important progress has been made in our understanding of physiological, biochemical and omics aspects, clarification of the sensing, signal transduction and responses enabling desiccation tolerance are just emerging. We plot the trajectory of current research and open questions ranging from general strategies and regulatory adaptations in the hydration/desiccation cycle, to recent advances in our understanding of photosynthetic adaptation. The acquired knowledge provides new insights to mitigate desertification and improve plant productivity under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079 China
| | - Hagai Raanan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Mobile Post Negev 2, 8531100 Israel
| | - Guo-Zheng Dai
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079 China
| | - Nadav Oren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
| | - Simon Berkowicz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel.,Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, P.O.B 469, Eilat, 8810302 Israel
| | - Omer Murik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
| | - Bao-Sheng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079 China
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5
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Palud A, Salem K, Cavin JF, Beney L, Licandro H. Identification and transcriptional profile of Lactobacillus paracasei genes involved in the response to desiccation and rehydration. Food Microbiol 2020; 85:103301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Mosca C, Rothschild LJ, Napoli A, Ferré F, Pietrosanto M, Fagliarone C, Baqué M, Rabbow E, Rettberg P, Billi D. Over-Expression of UV-Damage DNA Repair Genes and Ribonucleic Acid Persistence Contribute to the Resilience of Dried Biofilms of the Desert Cyanobacetrium Chroococcidiopsis Exposed to Mars-Like UV Flux and Long-Term Desiccation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2312. [PMID: 31681194 PMCID: PMC6798154 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival limits of the desert cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis were challenged by rewetting dried biofilms and dried biofilms exposed to 1.5 × 103 kJ/m2 of a Mars-like UV, after 7 years of air-dried storage. PCR-stop assays revealed the presence of DNA lesions in dried biofilms and an increased accumulation in dried-UV-irradiated biofilms. Different types and/or amounts of DNA lesions were highlighted by a different expression of uvrA, uvrB, uvrC, phrA, and uvsE genes in dried-rewetted biofilms and dried-UV-irradiated-rewetted biofilms, after rehydration for 30 and 60 min. The up-regulation in dried-rewetted biofilms of uvsE gene encoding an UV damage endonuclease, suggested that UV-damage DNA repair contributed to the repair of desiccation-induced damage. While the phrA gene encoding a photolyase was up-regulated only in dried-UV-irradiated-rewetted biofilms. Nucleotide excision repair genes were over-expressed in dried-rewetted biofilms and dried-UV-irradiated-rewetted biofilms, with uvrC gene showing the highest increase in dried-UV-irradiated-rewetted biofilms. Dried biofilms preserved intact mRNAs (at least of the investigated genes) and 16S ribosomal RNA that the persistence of the ribosome machinery and mRNAs might have played a key role in the early phase recovery. Results have implications for the search of extra-terrestrial life by contributing to the definition of habitability of astrobiologically relevant targets such as Mars or planets orbiting around other stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mosca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lynn J Rothschild
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, United States
| | | | - Fabrizio Ferré
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Mickael Baqué
- Astrobiological Laboratories Research Group, German Aerospace Center, Institute of Planetary Research, Management and Infrastructure, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Rabbow
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Rettberg
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Billi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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7
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Rippin M, Borchhardt N, Karsten U, Becker B. Cold Acclimation Improves the Desiccation Stress Resilience of Polar Strains of Klebsormidium (Streptophyta). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1730. [PMID: 31447802 PMCID: PMC6691101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are complex communities of autotrophic, heterotrophic, and saprotrophic (micro)organisms. In the polar regions, these biocrust communities have essential ecological functions such as primary production, nitrogen fixation, and ecosystem engineering while coping with extreme environmental conditions (temperature, desiccation, and irradiation). The microalga Klebsormidium is commonly found in BSCs all across the globe. The ecophysiological resilience of various Klebsormidium species to desiccation and other stresses has been studied intensively. Here we present the results of transcriptomic analyses of two different Klebsormidium species, K. dissectum and K. flaccidum, isolated from Antarctic and Arctic BSCs. We performed desiccation stress experiments at two different temperatures mimicking fluctuations associated with global change. Cultures grown on agar plates were desiccated on membrane filters at 10% relative air humidity until the photosynthetic activity as reflected in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II [Y(II)] ceased. For both species, the response to dehydration was much faster at the higher temperature. At the transcriptome level both species responded more strongly to the desiccation stress at the higher temperature suggesting that adaptation to cold conditions enhanced the resilience of both algae to desiccation stress. Interestingly, the two different species responded differently to the applied desiccation stress with respect to the number as well as function of genes showing differential gene expression. The portion of differentially expressed genes shared between both taxa was surprisingly low indicating that both Klebsormidium species adapted independently to the harsh conditions of Antarctica and the Arctic, respectively. Overall, our results indicate that environmental acclimation has a great impact on gene expression and the response to desiccation stress in Klebsormidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rippin
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Karsten
- Department of Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becker
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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8
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Babele PK, Kumar J, Chaturvedi V. Proteomic De-Regulation in Cyanobacteria in Response to Abiotic Stresses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1315. [PMID: 31263458 PMCID: PMC6584798 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photoautotrophs, exhibiting a cosmopolitan distribution in almost all possible environments and are significantly responsible for half of the global net primary productivity. They are well adapted to the diverse environments including harsh conditions by evolving a range of fascinating repertoires of unique biomolecules and secondary metabolites to support their growth and survival. These phototrophs are proved as excellent models for unraveling the mysteries of basic biochemical and physiological processes taking place in higher plants. Several known species of cyanobacteria have tremendous biotechnological applications in diverse fields such as biofuels, biopolymers, secondary metabolites and much more. Due to their potential biotechnological and commercial applications in various fields, there is an imperative need to engineer robust cyanobacteria in such a way that they can tolerate and acclimatize to ever-changing environmental conditions. Adaptations to stress are mainly governed by a precise gene regulation pathways resulting in the expression of novel protein/enzymes and metabolites. Despite the demand, till date few proteins/enzymes have been identified which play a potential role in improving tolerance against abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is utmost important to study environmental stress responses related to post-genomic investigations, including proteomic changes employing advanced proteomics, synthetic and structural biology workflows. In this respect, the study of stress proteomics offers exclusive advantages to scientists working on these aspects. Advancements on these fields could be helpful in dissecting, characterization and manipulation of physiological and metabolic systems of cyanobacteria to understand the stress induced proteomic responses. Till date, it remains ambiguous how cyanobacteria perceive changes in the ambient environment that lead to the stress-induced proteins thus metabolic deregulation. This review briefly describes the current major findings in the fields of proteome research on the cyanobacteria under various abiotic stresses. These findings may improve and advance the information on the role of different class of proteins associated with the mechanism(s) of stress mitigation in cyanobacteria under harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Kumar Babele
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jay Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Venkatesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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9
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Shang JL, Chen M, Hou S, Li T, Yang YW, Li Q, Jiang HB, Dai GZ, Zhang ZC, Hess WR, Qiu BS. Genomic and transcriptomic insights into the survival of the subaerial cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliforme
in arid and exposed habitats. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:845-863. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Shang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology; Central China Normal University; Hubei 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Shengwei Hou
- Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg 79104 Germany
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Science; Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology; Central China Normal University; Hubei 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Science; Hubei 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology; Central China Normal University; Hubei 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Zheng Dai
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology; Central China Normal University; Hubei 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Chun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology; Central China Normal University; Hubei 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Wolfgang R. Hess
- Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg 79104 Germany
| | - Bao-Sheng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology; Central China Normal University; Hubei 430079 People's Republic of China
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10
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Singh H. Desiccation and radiation stress tolerance in cyanobacteria. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:813-826. [PMID: 30080267 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are among the oldest living organisms on this planet, existing since more than 3 billion years. They are ideal organisms for investigating biological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, circadian rhythm, photoregulation of gene expression, developmental gene rearrangements, and specialized cell differentiation. They are nearly ubiquitous in distribution, have colonized a wide range of ecosystems including soil, air, dry rock, and aquatic systems, and even occupy extreme niches that are inaccessible to other organisms. Such wide ecological distribution reflects their capacity to acclimate to extreme environments. They show great adaptive abilities and have survived various adverse physiological growth conditions like desiccation, high temperatures, extreme pH, cold, osmosis, salt, light, nitrogen, and high salinity. Their ancient origin and surviving through numerous stresses during evolution indicates their remarkable capabilities to survive and prevail under different environmental and man-made stresses. It has been hypothesized that similar and overlap stress response mechanisms help them to survive different stresses. It has been stated that responses against stresses like radiation has been accidental-exhibited because of similar response against desiccation stress, which has prevailed more during evolution. These overlaps and similarities in stress responses have been instrumental in making these organisms a large class of biological entities today. Present review discuss about stress tolerance in cyanobacteria against two extreme stresses - desiccation and gamma radiation. It also discuss the commonality and underlying molecular mechanisms in these two stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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11
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Sen S, Rai S, Yadav S, Agrawal C, Rai R, Chatterjee A, Rai L. Dehydration and rehydration - induced temporal changes in cytosolic and membrane proteome of the nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Murik O, Oren N, Shotland Y, Raanan H, Treves H, Kedem I, Keren N, Hagemann M, Pade N, Kaplan A. What distinguishes cyanobacteria able to revive after desiccation from those that cannot: the genome aspect. Environ Microbiol 2016; 19:535-550. [PMID: 27501380 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous cyanobacteria are the main founders and primary producers in biological desert soil crusts (BSCs) and are likely equipped to cope with one of the harshest environmental conditions on earth including daily hydration/dehydration cycles, high irradiance and extreme temperatures. Here, we resolved and report on the genome sequence of Leptolyngbya ohadii, an important constituent of the BSC. Comparative genomics identified a set of genes present in desiccation-tolerant but not in dehydration-sensitive cyanobacteria. RT qPCR analyses showed that the transcript abundance of many of them is upregulated during desiccation in L. ohadii. In addition, we identified genes where the orthologs detected in desiccation-tolerant cyanobacteria differs substantially from that found in desiccation-sensitive cells. We present two examples, treS and fbpA (encoding trehalose synthase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase respectively) where, in addition to the orthologs present in the desiccation-sensitive strains, the resistant cyanobacteria also possess genes with different predicted structures. We show that in both cases the two orthologs are transcribed during controlled dehydration of L. ohadii and discuss the genetic basis for the acclimation of cyanobacteria to the desiccation conditions in desert BSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Murik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Nadav Oren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Yoram Shotland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, 84100, Israel
| | - Hagai Raanan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Haim Treves
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Isaac Kedem
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3, Rostock, D-18059, Germany
| | - Nadin Pade
- Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3, Rostock, D-18059, Germany
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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13
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Raanan H, Oren N, Treves H, Keren N, Ohad I, Berkowicz SM, Hagemann M, Koch M, Shotland Y, Kaplan A. Towards clarifying what distinguishes cyanobacteria able to resurrect after desiccation from those that cannot: The photosynthetic aspect. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:715-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Sorci L, Ruggieri S, Raffaelli N. NAD homeostasis in the bacterial response to DNA/RNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 23:17-26. [PMID: 25127744 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, NAD represents a nodal point for metabolic regulation, and its availability is critical to genome stability. Several NAD-consuming enzymes are induced in various stress conditions and the consequent NAD decline is generally accompanied by the activation of NAD biosynthetic pathways to guarantee NAD homeostasis. In the bacterial world a similar scenario has only recently begun to surface. Here we review the current knowledge on the involvement of NAD homeostasis in bacterial stress response mechanisms. In particular, we focus on the participation of both NAD-consuming enzymes (DNA ligase, mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferase, sirtuins, and RNA 2'-phosphotransferase) and NAD biosynthetic enzymes (both de novo, and recycling enzymes) in the response to DNA/RNA damage. As further supporting evidence for such a link, a genomic context analysis is presented showing several conserved associations between NAD homeostasis and stress responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sorci
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silverio Ruggieri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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15
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Wang C, Grohme MA, Mali B, Schill RO, Frohme M. Towards decrypting cryptobiosis--analyzing anhydrobiosis in the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum using transcriptome sequencing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92663. [PMID: 24651535 PMCID: PMC3961413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many tardigrade species are capable of anhydrobiosis; however, mechanisms underlying their extreme desiccation resistance remain elusive. This study attempts to quantify the anhydrobiotic transcriptome of the limno-terrestrial tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum. Results A prerequisite for differential gene expression analysis was the generation of a reference hybrid transcriptome atlas by assembly of Sanger, 454 and Illumina sequence data. The final assembly yielded 79,064 contigs (>100 bp) after removal of ribosomal RNAs. Around 50% of them could be annotated by SwissProt and NCBI non-redundant protein sequences. Analysis using CEGMA predicted 232 (93.5%) out of the 248 highly conserved eukaryotic genes in the assembly. We used this reference transcriptome for mapping and quantifying the expression of transcripts regulated under anhdydrobiosis in a time-series during dehydration and rehydration. 834 of the transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in a single stage (dehydration/inactive tun/rehydration) and 184 were overlapping in two stages while 74 were differentially expressed in all three stages. We have found interesting patterns of differentially expressed transcripts that are in concordance with a common hypothesis of metabolic shutdown during anhydrobiosis. This included down-regulation of several proteins of the DNA replication and translational machinery and protein degradation. Among others, heat shock proteins Hsp27 and Hsp30c were up-regulated in response to dehydration and rehydration. In addition, we observed up-regulation of ployubiquitin-B upon rehydration together with a higher expression level of several DNA repair proteins during rehydration than in the dehydration stage. Conclusions Most of the transcripts identified to be differentially expressed had distinct cellular function. Our data suggest a concerted molecular adaptation in M. tardigradum that permits extreme forms of ametabolic states such as anhydrobiosis. It is temping to surmise that the desiccation tolerance of tradigrades can be achieved by a constitutive cellular protection system, probably in conjunction with other mechanisms such as rehydration-induced cellular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Markus A. Grohme
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany
| | - Brahim Mali
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany
| | - Ralph O. Schill
- Biological Institute, Zoology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany
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16
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Gloeocapsopsis AAB1, an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium isolated from the Atacama Desert. Extremophiles 2013; 18:61-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Singh H, Anurag K, Apte SK. High radiation and desiccation tolerance of nitrogen-fixing cultures of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 emanates from genome/proteome repair capabilities. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 118:71-81. [PMID: 24122300 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 was found to tolerate very high doses of 60Co-gamma radiation or prolonged desiccation. Post-stress, cells remained intact and revived all the vital functions. A remarkable capacity to repair highly disintegrated genome and recycle the damaged proteome appeared to underlie such high radioresistance and desiccation tolerance. The close similarity observed between the cellular response to irradiation or desiccation stress lends strong support to the notion that tolerance to these stresses may involve similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Singh
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Voß B, Bolhuis H, Fewer DP, Kopf M, Möke F, Haas F, El-Shehawy R, Hayes P, Bergman B, Sivonen K, Dittmann E, Scanlan DJ, Hagemann M, Stal LJ, Hess WR. Insights into the physiology and ecology of the brackish-water-adapted Cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena CCY9414 based on a genome-transcriptome analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60224. [PMID: 23555932 PMCID: PMC3610870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodularia spumigena is a filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacterium that dominates the annual late summer cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea. But N. spumigena also is common in brackish water bodies worldwide, suggesting special adaptation allowing it to thrive at moderate salinities. A draft genome analysis of N. spumigena sp. CCY9414 yielded a single scaffold of 5,462,271 nucleotides in length on which genes for 5,294 proteins were annotated. A subsequent strand-specific transcriptome analysis identified more than 6,000 putative transcriptional start sites (TSS). Orphan TSSs located in intergenic regions led us to predict 764 non-coding RNAs, among them 70 copies of a possible retrotransposon and several potential RNA regulators, some of which are also present in other N2-fixing cyanobacteria. Approximately 4% of the total coding capacity is devoted to the production of secondary metabolites, among them the potent hepatotoxin nodularin, the linear spumigin and the cyclic nodulapeptin. The transcriptional complexity associated with genes involved in nitrogen fixation and heterocyst differentiation is considerably smaller compared to other Nostocales. In contrast, sophisticated systems exist for the uptake and assimilation of iron and phosphorus compounds, for the synthesis of compatible solutes, and for the formation of gas vesicles, required for the active control of buoyancy. Hence, the annotation and interpretation of this sequence provides a vast array of clues into the genomic underpinnings of the physiology of this cyanobacterium and indicates in particular a competitive edge of N. spumigena in nutrient-limited brackish water ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Voß
- Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henk Bolhuis
- Department of Marine Microbiology, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - David P. Fewer
- Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Kopf
- Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fred Möke
- Plant Physiology, Institute Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabian Haas
- Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Paul Hayes
- Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elke Dittmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Dave J. Scanlan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Plant Physiology, Institute Biosciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lucas J. Stal
- Department of Marine Microbiology, Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang R. Hess
- Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Parsiegla G, Shrestha B, Carrière F, Vertes A. Direct Analysis of Phycobilisomal Antenna Proteins and Metabolites in Small Cyanobacterial Populations by Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 84:34-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202831w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Goetz Parsiegla
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie
de la Lipolyse, UPR 9025, Marseille, France
| | - Bindesh Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, W. M.
Keck Institute for Proteomics Technology and Applications, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052,
United States
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie
de la Lipolyse, UPR 9025, Marseille, France
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry, W. M.
Keck Institute for Proteomics Technology and Applications, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052,
United States
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20
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Pandey S, Rai R, Rai LC. Proteomics combines morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes to unravel the survival strategy of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 under arsenic stress. J Proteomics 2011; 75:921-37. [PMID: 22057044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics in conjunction with morphological, physiological and biochemical variables has been employed for the first time to unravel survival strategies of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 under Arsenic (As) stress. Significant reduction in growth, carbon fixation, nitrogenase activity and chlorophyll content after 1 day (1d) and recovery after 15 days (15d) of As exposure indicates the acclimation of the test organism against As stress. The formation of akinete like structures is a novel observation never reported before in Anabaena sp. PCC7120. Proteomic characterization using 2-DE showed average 537, 422 and 439 spots in control, 1 and 15d treatment respectively. MALDI-TOF and LC-MS of As-treated Anabaena revealed a total of 45 differentially expressed proteins, of which 13 were novel (hypothetical) ones. Down-regulation of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), fructose bisphosphate aldolase II (FBA II), fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase (FBPase), transketolase (TK), and ATP synthase on day 1 and their significant recovery on the 15th day presumably maintained the glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and turnover rate of Calvin cycle, hence survival of the test organism. Up-regulation of catalase (CAT), peroxiredoxin (Prx), thioredoxin (Trx) and oxidoreductase appears to protect the cells from oxidative stress. Appreciable induction in phytochelatin content (2.4 fold), GST activity (2.3 fold), and transcripts of phytochelatin synthase (5.0 fold), arsenate reductase (8.5 fold) and arsenite efflux genes - asr1102 (5.0 fold), alr1097 (4.7 fold) reiterates their role in As sequestration and shielding of the organism from As toxicity. While up-regulated metabolic and antioxidative defense proteins, phytochelatin and GST work synchronously, the ars genes play a central role in detoxification and survival of Anabaena under As stress. The proposed hypothetical model explains the interaction of metabolic proteins associated with the survival of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 under As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Pandey
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Algal Biology, Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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21
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Azúa-Bustos A, González-Silva C, Mancilla RA, Salas L, Gómez-Silva B, McKay CP, Vicuña R. Hypolithic cyanobacteria supported mainly by fog in the coastal range of the Atacama Desert. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2011; 61:568-81. [PMID: 21188376 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-010-9784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on Earth, with an arid core highly adverse to the development of hypolithic cyanobacteria. Previous work has shown that when rain levels fall below ~1 mm per year, colonization of suitable quartz stones falls to virtually zero. Here, we report that along the coast in these arid regions, complex associations of cyanobacteria, archaea, and heterotrophic bacteria inhabit the undersides of translucent quartz stones. Colonization rates in these areas, which receive virtually no rain but mainly fog, are significantly higher than those reported inland in the hyperarid zone at the same latitude. Here, hypolithic colonization rates can be up to 80%, with all quartz rocks over 20 g being colonized. This finding strongly suggests that hypolithic microbial communities thriving in the seaward face of the Coastal Range can survive with fog as the main regular source of moisture. A model is advanced where the development of the hypolithic communities under quartz stones relies on a positive feedback between fog availability and the higher thermal conductivity of the quartz rocks, which results in lower daytime temperatures at the quartz-soil interface microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Azúa-Bustos
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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22
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Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotes capable of using sunlight as their energy, water as an electron donor, and air as a source of carbon and, for some nitrogen-fixing strains, nitrogen. Compared to algae and plants, cyanobacteria are much easier to genetically engineer, and many of the standard biological parts available for Synthetic Biology applications in Escherichia coli can also be used in cyanobacteria. However, characterization of such parts in cyanobacteria reveals differences in performance when compared to E. coli, emphasizing the importance of detailed characterization in the cellular context of a biological chassis. Furthermore, cyanobacteria possess special characteristics (e.g., multiple copies of their chromosomes, high content of photosynthetically active proteins in the thylakoids, the presence of exopolysaccharides and extracellular glycolipids, and the existence of a circadian rhythm) that have to be taken into account when genetically engineering them. With this chapter, the synthetic biologist is given an overview of existing biological parts, tools and protocols for the genetic engineering, and molecular analysis of cyanobacteria for Synthetic Biology applications.
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23
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Xu M, Su Z. Computational prediction of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) binding sites in cyanobacterial genomes. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:23. [PMID: 19146659 PMCID: PMC2633013 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP), also known as catabolite gene activator protein (CAP), is an important transcriptional regulator widely distributed in many bacteria. The biological processes under the regulation of CRP are highly diverse among different groups of bacterial species. Elucidation of CRP regulons in cyanobacteria will further our understanding of the physiology and ecology of this important group of microorganisms. Previously, CRP has been experimentally studied in only two cyanobacterial strains: Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120; therefore, a systematic genome-scale study of the potential CRP target genes and binding sites in cyanobacterial genomes is urgently needed. Results We have predicted and analyzed the CRP binding sites and regulons in 12 sequenced cyanobacterial genomes using a highly effective cis-regulatory binding site scanning algorithm. Our results show that cyanobacterial CRP binding sites are very similar to those in E. coli; however, the regulons are very different from that of E. coli. Furthermore, CRP regulons in different cyanobacterial species/ecotypes are also highly diversified, ranging from photosynthesis, carbon fixation and nitrogen assimilation, to chemotaxis and signal transduction. In addition, our prediction indicates that crp genes in modern cyanobacteria are likely inherited from a common ancestral gene in their last common ancestor, and have adapted various cellular functions in different environments, while some cyanobacteria lost their crp genes as well as CRP binding sites during the course of evolution. Conclusion The CRP regulons in cyanobacteria are highly diversified, probably as a result of divergent evolution to adapt to various ecological niches. Cyanobacterial CRPs may function as lineage-specific regulators participating in various cellular processes, and are important in some lineages. However, they are dispensable in some other lineages. The loss of CRPs in these species leads to the rapid loss of their binding sites in the genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Bioinformatics Research Center, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28233, USA.
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24
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Higo A, Ikeuchi M, Ohmori M. cAMP regulates respiration and oxidative stress during rehydration in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:1883-8. [PMID: 18498771 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular cAMP level increased dramatically upon rehydration following dehydration for 24h in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, but not in disruptant of an adenylate cyclase gene, cyaC. Oxygen consumption in the cyaC disruptant upon rehydration was higher than that in wild-type strain. Determination of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation of the cells revealed greater oxidative stress in the cyaC disruptant than in the wild-type strain during rehydration. Addition of cAMP or KCN to the cyaC disruptant decreased cellular oxygen consumption upon rehydration and oxidative damage. These results suggest that respiration upon rehydration is regulated by cAMP and that the higher respiration activity results in more oxidative damage in cyaC disruptant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Higo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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