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Lashani E, Amoozegar MA, Turner RJ, Moghimi H. Use of Microbial Consortia in Bioremediation of Metalloid Polluted Environments. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040891. [PMID: 37110315 PMCID: PMC10143001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloids are released into the environment due to the erosion of the rocks or anthropogenic activities, causing problems for human health in different world regions. Meanwhile, microorganisms with different mechanisms to tolerate and detoxify metalloid contaminants have an essential role in reducing risks. In this review, we first define metalloids and bioremediation methods and examine the ecology and biodiversity of microorganisms in areas contaminated with these metalloids. Then we studied the genes and proteins involved in the tolerance, transport, uptake, and reduction of these metalloids. Most of these studies focused on a single metalloid and co-contamination of multiple pollutants were poorly discussed in the literature. Furthermore, microbial communication within consortia was rarely explored. Finally, we summarized the microbial relationships between microorganisms in consortia and biofilms to remove one or more contaminants. Therefore, this review article contains valuable information about microbial consortia and their mechanisms in the bioremediation of metalloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Lashani
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14178-64411, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14178-64411, Iran;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.M.); Tel.: +98-21-66415495 (H.M.)
| | - Raymond J. Turner
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Hamid Moghimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14178-64411, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.M.); Tel.: +98-21-66415495 (H.M.)
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Mason S, Vornhagen J, Smith SN, Mike LA, Mobley HLT, Bachman MA. The Klebsiella pneumoniae ter Operon Enhances Stress Tolerance. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0055922. [PMID: 36651775 PMCID: PMC9933665 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00559-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-acquired infections are a leading cause of disease in patients that are hospitalized or in long-term-care facilities. Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a leading cause of bacteremia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections in these settings. Previous studies have established that the ter operon, a genetic locus that confers tellurite oxide (K2TeO3) resistance, is associated with infection in colonized patients. Rather than enhancing fitness during infection, the ter operon increases Kp fitness during gut colonization; however, the biologically relevant function of this operon is unknown. First, using a murine model of urinary tract infection, we demonstrate a novel role for the ter operon protein TerC as a bladder fitness factor. To further characterize TerC, we explored a variety of functions, including resistance to metal-induced stress, resistance to radical oxygen species-induced stress, and growth on specific sugars, all of which were independent of TerC. Then, using well-defined experimental guidelines, we determined that TerC is necessary for tolerance to ofloxacin, polymyxin B, and cetylpyridinium chloride. We used an ordered transposon library constructed in a Kp strain lacking the ter operon to identify the genes that are required to resist K2TeO3-induced and polymyxin B-induced stress, which suggested that K2TeO3-induced stress is experienced at the bacterial cell envelope. Finally, we confirmed that K2TeO3 disrupts the Kp cell envelope, though these effects are independent of ter. Collectively, the results from these studies indicate a novel role for the ter operon as a stress tolerance factor, thereby explaining its role in enhancing fitness in the gut and bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Mason
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jay Vornhagen
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sara N. Smith
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura A. Mike
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Harry L. T. Mobley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael A. Bachman
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Hirose S, Nakamura Y, Arai S, Hara-Kudo Y. The Development and Evaluation of a Selective Enrichment for the Detection of Escherichia albertii in Food. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:704-712. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shouhei Hirose
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Sakura Arai
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
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Wakabayashi Y, Seto K, Kanki M, Harada T, Kawatsu K. Proposal of a novel selective enrichment broth, NCT-mTSB, for isolation of Escherichia albertii from poultry samples. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2121-2130. [PMID: 34735750 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Escherichia albertii is an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen causing food- and water-borne infection in humans. However, no selective enrichment broths for E. albertii have ever been reported. In this study, we tested several basal media, selective supplements and culture conditions which enabled selective enrichment of E. albertii. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a selective enrichment broth, novobiocin-cefixime-tellurite supplemented modified tryptic soy broth (NCT-mTSB). NCT-mTSB supported the growth of 22 E. albertii strains, while inhibited growth of other Enterobacteriaceae at 37°C, except for Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. Enrichment of E. albertii was improved further by growth at 44°C, a temperature that suppresses growth of several strains of E. coli/Shigella. Combined use of NCT-mTSB with XR-DH-agar, xylose-rhamnose supplemented deoxycholate hydrogen sulphide agar, enabled isolation of E. albertii when at least 1 CFU of the bacterium was present per gram of chicken meat. This level of enrichment was superior to those obtained using buffered peptone water, modified-EC broth, or mTSB (with novobiocin). CONCLUSIONS Novobiocin-cefixime-tellurite supplemented modified tryptic soy broth enabled effective enrichment of E. albertii from poultry samples and was helpful for isolation of this bacterium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first report of selective enrichment of E. albertii from poultry samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Wakabayashi
- Bacteriology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Quality Assurance Unit, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Kanki
- Bacteriology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Harada
- Bacteriology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawatsu
- Bacteriology Section, Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
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Jánošíková L, Pálková L, Šalát D, Klepanec A, Soltys K. Response of Escherichia coli minimal ter operon to UVC and auto-aggregation: pilot study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11197. [PMID: 34026346 PMCID: PMC8123226 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The study of minimal ter operon as a determinant of tellurium resistance (TeR) is important for the purpose of confirming the relationship of these genes to the pathogenicity of microorganisms. The ter operon is widespread among bacterial species and pathogens, implicated also in phage inhibition, oxidative stress and colicin resistance. So far, there is no experimental evidence for the role of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) minimal ter operon in ultraviolet C (UVC) resistance, biofilm formation and auto-aggregation. To identify connection with UVC resistance of the minimal ter operon, matched pairs of Ter-positive and -negative E. coli cells were stressed and differences in survival and whole genome sequence analysis were performed. This study was aimed also to identify differences in phenotype of cells induced by environmental stress. Methods In the current study, a minimal ter operon(terBCDEΔF) originating from the uropathogenic strain E. coli KL53 was used. Clonogenic assay was the method of choice to determine cell reproductive death after treatment with UVC irradiation at certain time intervals. Bacterial suspensions were irradiated with 254 nm UVC-light (germicidal lamp in biological safety cabinet) in vitro. UVC irradiance output was 2.5 mW/cm2 (calculated at the UVC device aperture) and plate-lamp distance of 60 cm. DNA damage analysis was performed using shotgun sequencing on Illumina MiSeq platform. Biofilm formation was measured by a crystal violet retention assay. Auto-aggregation assay was performed according to the Ghane, Babaeekhou & Ketabi (2020). Results A large fraction of Ter-positive E. coli cells survived treatment with 120-s UVC light (300 mJ/cm2) compared to matched Ter-negative cells; ∼5-fold higher resistance of Ter-positive cells to UVC dose (p = 0.0007). Moreover, UVC surviving Ter-positive cells showed smaller mutation rate as Ter-negative cells. The study demonstrated that a 1200-s exposure to UVC (3,000 mJ/cm2) was sufficient for 100% inhibition of growth for all the Ter-positive and -negative E. coli cells. The Ter-positive strain exhibited of 26% higher auto-aggregation activities and was able to inhibit biofilm formation over than Ter- negative strain (**** P < 0.0001). Conclusion Our study shows that Ter-positive cells display lower sensitivity to UVC radiation, corresponding to a presence in minimal ter operon. In addition, our study suggests that also auto-aggregation ability is related to minimal ter operon. The role of the minimal ter operon (terBCDEΔF) in resistance behavior of E. coli under environmental stress is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Jánošíková
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of St. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Dušan Šalát
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of St. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Klepanec
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of St. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Soltys
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Vornhagen J, Bassis CM, Ramakrishnan S, Hein R, Mason S, Bergman Y, Sunshine N, Fan Y, Holmes CL, Timp W, Schatz MC, Young VB, Simner PJ, Bachman MA. A plasmid locus associated with Klebsiella clinical infections encodes a microbiome-dependent gut fitness factor. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009537. [PMID: 33930099 PMCID: PMC8115787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is an important cause of healthcare-associated infections, which increases patient morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs. Gut colonization by Kp is consistently associated with subsequent Kp disease, and patients are predominantly infected with their colonizing strain. Our previous comparative genomics study, between disease-causing and asymptomatically colonizing Kp isolates, identified a plasmid-encoded tellurite (TeO3-2)-resistance (ter) operon as strongly associated with infection. However, TeO3-2 is extremely rare and toxic to humans. Thus, we used a multidisciplinary approach to determine the biological link between ter and Kp infection. First, we used a genomic and bioinformatic approach to extensively characterize Kp plasmids encoding the ter locus. These plasmids displayed substantial variation in plasmid incompatibility type and gene content. Moreover, the ter operon was genetically independent of other plasmid-encoded virulence and antibiotic resistance loci, both in our original patient cohort and in a large set (n = 88) of publicly available ter operon-encoding Kp plasmids, indicating that the ter operon is likely playing a direct, but yet undescribed role in Kp disease. Next, we employed multiple mouse models of infection and colonization to show that 1) the ter operon is dispensable during bacteremia, 2) the ter operon enhances fitness in the gut, 3) this phenotype is dependent on the colony of origin of mice, and 4) antibiotic disruption of the gut microbiota eliminates the requirement for ter. Furthermore, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we show that the ter operon enhances Kp fitness in the gut in the presence of specific indigenous microbiota, including those predicted to produce short chain fatty acids. Finally, administration of exogenous short-chain fatty acids in our mouse model of colonization was sufficient to reduce fitness of a ter mutant. These findings indicate that the ter operon, strongly associated with human infection, encodes factors that resist stress induced by the indigenous gut microbiota during colonization. This work represents a substantial advancement in our molecular understanding of Kp pathogenesis and gut colonization, directly relevant to Kp disease in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Vornhagen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Bassis
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Srividya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Sophia Mason
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Nicole Sunshine
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Yunfan Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Caitlyn L. Holmes
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Schatz
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States of America
| | - Vincent B. Young
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Patricia J. Simner
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Bachman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Shi LD, Du JJ, Wang LB, Han YL, Cao KF, Lai CY, Zhao HP. Formation of nanoscale Te 0 and its effect on TeO 32- reduction in CH 4-based membrane biofilm reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1232-1239. [PMID: 30577115 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Formation and recovery of elemental tellurium (Te0) from wastewaters are required by increasing demands and scarce resources. Membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) using gaseous electron donor has been reported as a low-cost and benign technique to reduce and recover metal (loids). In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of nanoscale Te0 formation by tellurite (TeO32-) reduction in a CH4-based MBfR. Biogenic Te0 intensively attached on cell surface, within diameters ranging from 10 nm to 30 nm and the hexagonal nanostructure. Along with the Te0 formation, the TeO32- reduction was inhibited. After flushing, biofilm resumed the TeO32- reduction ability, suggesting that the formed nanoscale Te0 might inhibit the reduction by hindering substrate transfer of TeO32- to microbes. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that Thermomonas and Hyphomicrobium were possibly responsible for TeO32- reduction since they increased consecutively along with the experiment operation. The PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) analysis showed that the sulfite reductases were positively correlated with the TeO32- flux, indicating they were potential enzymes involved in reduction process. This study confirms the capability of CH4-based MBfR in tellurium reduction and formation, and provides more techniques for resources recovery and recycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Dong Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Jie Du
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Bin Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lin Han
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Fan Cao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Pontieri P, Hartings H, Di Salvo M, Massardo DR, De Stefano M, Pizzolante G, Romano R, Troisi J, Del Giudice A, Alifano P, Del Giudice L. Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins involved in tellurite resistance in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12022. [PMID: 30104660 PMCID: PMC6089990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable body of evidence links together mitochondrial dysfunctions, toxic action of metalloid oxyanions, and system and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study we have used the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the genetic determinants associated with tellurite resistance/sensitivity. Nitrosoguanidine-induced K2TeO3-resistant mutants were isolated, and one of these mutants, named Sc57-Te5R, was characterized. Both random spore analysis and tetrad analysis and growth of heterozygous (TeS/Te5R) diploid from Sc57-Te5R mutant revealed that nuclear and recessive mutation(s) was responsible for the resistance. To get insight into the mechanisms responsible for K2TeO3-resistance, RNA microarray analyses were performed with K2TeO3-treated and untreated Sc57-Te5R cells. A total of 372 differentially expressed loci were identified corresponding to 6.37% of the S. cerevisiae transcriptome. Of these, 288 transcripts were up-regulated upon K2TeO3 treatment. About half of up-regulated transcripts were associated with the following molecular functions: oxidoreductase activity, structural constituent of cell wall, transporter activity. Comparative whole-genome sequencing allowed us to identify nucleotide variants distinguishing Sc57-Te5R from parental strain Sc57. We detected 15 CDS-inactivating mutations, and found that 3 of them affected genes coding mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPL44 and NAM9) and mitochondrial ribosomal biogenesis (GEP3) pointing out to alteration of mitochondrial ribosome as main determinant of tellurite resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pontieri
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Portici-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, 80134, Italy
| | - Hans Hartings
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Stezzano 24, Bergamo, 24126, Italy
| | - Marco Di Salvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Domenica R Massardo
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Portici-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, 80134, Italy
| | - Mario De Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via A. Vivaldi 43, Caserta, 81100, Italy
| | - Graziano Pizzolante
- ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna, 40131, Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Theoreo srl - Spin off dell' Università di Salerno, Via Salvatore Derenzi 50, Montecorvino Pugliano, 84125, (SA), Italy
| | - Angelica Del Giudice
- Amb di allergologia Osp Martini asl città di Torino, via Tofane 71, Torino, 10171, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Giudice
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Portici-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, 80134, Italy.
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9
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Muñoz-Villagrán CM, Mendez KN, Cornejo F, Figueroa M, Undabarrena A, Morales EH, Arenas-Salinas M, Arenas FA, Castro-Nallar E, Vásquez CC. Comparative genomic analysis of a new tellurite-resistant Psychrobacter strain isolated from the Antarctic Peninsula. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4402. [PMID: 29479501 PMCID: PMC5822837 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Psychrobacter genus is a cosmopolitan and diverse group of aerobic, cold-adapted, Gram-negative bacteria exhibiting biotechnological potential for low-temperature applications including bioremediation. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a bacterium from the Psychrobacter genus isolated from a sediment sample from King George Island, Antarctica (3,490,622 bp; 18 scaffolds; G + C = 42.76%). Using phylogenetic analysis, biochemical properties and scanning electron microscopy the bacterium was identified as Psychrobacter glacincola BNF20, making it the first genome sequence reported for this species. P. glacincola BNF20 showed high tellurite (MIC 2.3 mM) and chromate (MIC 6.0 mM) resistance, respectively. Genome-wide nucleotide identity comparisons revealed that P. glacincola BNF20 is highly similar (>90%) to other uncharacterized Psychrobacter spp. such as JCM18903, JCM18902, and P11F6. Bayesian multi-locus phylogenetic analysis showed that P. glacincola BNF20 belongs to a polyphyletic clade with other bacteria isolated from polar regions. A high number of genes related to metal(loid) resistance were found, including tellurite resistance genetic determinants located in two contigs: Contig LIQB01000002.1 exhibited five ter genes, each showing putative promoter sequences (terACDEZ), whereas contig LIQB1000003.2 showed a variant of the terZ gene. Finally, investigating the presence and taxonomic distribution of ter genes in the NCBI’s RefSeq bacterial database (5,398 genomes, as January 2017), revealed that 2,623 (48.59%) genomes showed at least one ter gene. At the family level, most (68.7%) genomes harbored one ter gene and 15.6% exhibited five (including P. glacincola BNF20). Overall, our results highlight the diverse nature (genetic and geographic diversity) of the Psychrobacter genus, provide insights into potential mechanisms of metal resistance, and exemplify the benefits of sampling remote locations for prospecting new molecular determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Melissa Muñoz-Villagrán
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad Santo Tomas Sede Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katterinne N Mendez
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabian Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustina Undabarrena
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química & Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Eduardo Hugo Morales
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Felipe Alejandro Arenas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Christian Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Saeb ATM, Al-Rubeaan KA, Abouelhoda M, Selvaraju M, Tayeb HT. Genome sequencing and analysis of the first spontaneous Nanosilver resistant bacterium Proteus mirabilis strain SCDR1. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:119. [PMID: 29204271 PMCID: PMC5701452 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background P. mirabilis is a common uropathogenic bacterium that can cause major complications in patients with long-standing indwelling catheters or patients with urinary tract anomalies. In addition, P. mirabilis is a common cause of chronic osteomyelitis in Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients. We isolated P. mirabilis SCDR1 from a Diabetic ulcer patient. We examined P. mirabilis SCDR1 levels of resistance against Nanosilver colloids, the commercial Nanosilver and silver containing bandages and commonly used antibiotics. We utilized next generation sequencing techniques (NGS), bioinformatics, phylogenetic analysis and pathogenomics in the characterization of the infectious pathogen. Results P. mirabilis SCDR1 was the first Nanosilver resistant isolate collected from a diabetic patient polyclonal infection. P. mirabilis SCDR1 showed high levels of resistance against Nanosilver colloids, Nanosilver chitosan composite and the commercially available Nanosilver and silver bandages. The P. mirabilis -SCDR1 genome size is 3,815,621 bp. with G + C content of 38.44%. P. mirabilis-SCDR1 genome contains a total of 3533 genes, 3414 coding DNA sequence genes, 11, 10, 18 rRNAs (5S, 16S, and 23S), and 76 tRNAs. Our isolate contains all the required pathogenicity and virulence factors to establish a successful infection. P. mirabilis SCDR1 isolate is a potential virulent pathogen that despite its original isolation site, the wound, can establish kidney infection and its associated complications. P. mirabilis SCDR1 contains several mechanisms for antibiotics and metals resistance, including, biofilm formation, swarming mobility, efflux systems, and enzymatic detoxification. Conclusion P. mirabilis SCDR1 is the first reported spontaneous Nanosilver resistant bacterial strain. P. mirabilis SCDR1 possesses several mechanisms that may lead to the observed Nanosilver resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13756-017-0277-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr T M Saeb
- Genetics and Biotechnology Department, Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Rubeaan
- Genetics and Biotechnology Department, Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manojkumar Selvaraju
- Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Integrated Gulf Biosystems, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamsa T Tayeb
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Weinberg Z, Lünse CE, Corbino KA, Ames TD, Nelson JW, Roth A, Perkins KR, Sherlock ME, Breaker RR. Detection of 224 candidate structured RNAs by comparative analysis of specific subsets of intergenic regions. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:10811-10823. [PMID: 28977401 PMCID: PMC5737381 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of structured non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in bacteria can reveal new facets of biology and biochemistry. Comparative genomics analyses executed by powerful computer algorithms have successfully been used to uncover many novel bacterial ncRNA classes in recent years. However, this general search strategy favors the discovery of more common ncRNA classes, whereas progressively rarer classes are correspondingly more difficult to identify. In the current study, we confront this problem by devising several methods to select subsets of intergenic regions that can concentrate these rare RNA classes, thereby increasing the probability that comparative sequence analysis approaches will reveal their existence. By implementing these methods, we discovered 224 novel ncRNA classes, which include ROOL RNA, an RNA class averaging 581 nt and present in multiple phyla, several highly conserved and widespread ncRNA classes with properties that suggest sophisticated biochemical functions and a multitude of putative cis-regulatory RNA classes involved in a variety of biological processes. We expect that further research on these newly found RNA classes will reveal additional aspects of novel biology, and allow for greater insights into the biochemistry performed by ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zasha Weinberg
- HHMI, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Christina E Lünse
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Keith A Corbino
- HHMI, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Tyler D Ames
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - James W Nelson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Adam Roth
- HHMI, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Kevin R Perkins
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Madeline E Sherlock
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Ronald R Breaker
- HHMI, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
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12
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Rodríguez-Rojas F, Díaz-Vásquez W, Undabarrena A, Muñoz-Díaz P, Arenas F, Vásquez C. Mercury-mediated cross-resistance to tellurite in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the Chilean Antarctic territory. Metallomics 2016; 8:108-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mercury salts and tellurite are among the most toxic compounds for microorganisms on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Rodríguez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago, Chile
| | - W. Díaz-Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
| | - A. Undabarrena
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental
- Facultad de Química, & Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María
- Valparaíso, Chile
| | - P. Muñoz-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago, Chile
| | - F. Arenas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago, Chile
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13
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Role of Tellurite Resistance Operon in Filamentous Growth of Yersinia pestis in Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141984. [PMID: 26536670 PMCID: PMC4633105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yersinia pestis initiates infection by parasitism of host macrophages. In response to macrophage infections, intracellular Y. pestis can assume a filamentous cellular morphology which may mediate resistance to host cell innate immune responses. We previously observed the expression of Y. pestis tellurite resistance proteins TerD and TerE from the terZABCDE operon during macrophage infections. Others have observed a filamentous response associated with expression of tellurite resistance operon in Escherichia coli exposed to tellurite. Therefore, in this study we examine the potential role of Y. pestis tellurite resistance operon in filamentous cellular morphology during macrophage infections. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In vitro treatment of Y. pestis culture with sodium tellurite (Na2TeO3) caused the bacterial cells to assume a filamentous phenotype similar to the filamentous phenotype observed during macrophage infections. A deletion mutant for genes terZAB abolished the filamentous morphologic response to tellurite exposure or intracellular parasitism, but without affecting tellurite resistance. However, a terZABCDE deletion mutant abolished both filamentous morphologic response and tellurite resistance. Complementation of the terZABCDE deletion mutant with terCDE, but not terZAB, partially restored tellurite resistance. When the terZABCDE deletion mutant was complemented with terZAB or terCDE, Y. pestis exhibited filamentous morphology during macrophage infections as well as while these complemented genes were being expressed under an in vitro condition. Further in E. coli, expression of Y. pestis terZAB, but not terCDE, conferred a filamentous phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the role of Y. pestis terZAB mediation of the filamentous response phenotype; whereas, terCDE confers tellurite resistance. Although the beneficial role of filamentous morphological responses by Y. pestis during macrophage infections is yet to be fully defined, it may be a bacterial adaptive strategy to macrophage associated stresses.
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14
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Santos LSD, Antunes CA, Santos CSD, Pereira JAA, Sabbadini PS, Luna MDGD, Azevedo V, Hirata Júnior R, Burkovski A, Asad LMBDO, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Corynebacterium diphtheriae putative tellurite-resistance protein (CDCE8392_0813) contributes to the intracellular survival in human epithelial cells and lethality of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:662-8. [PMID: 26107188 PMCID: PMC4569831 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the aetiologic agent of diphtheria,
also represents a global medical challenge because of the existence of invasive
strains as causative agents of systemic infections. Although tellurite
(TeO32-) is toxic to most microorganisms, TeO32--resistant
bacteria, including C. diphtheriae, exist in
nature. The presence of TeO32--resistance (TeR)
determinants in pathogenic bacteria might provide selective advantages in the natural
environment. In the present study, we investigated the role of the putative
TeR determinant (CDCE8392_813gene) in the virulence
attributes of diphtheria bacilli. The disruption of CDCE8392_0813 gene expression in
the LDCIC-L1 mutant increased susceptibility to TeO32- and reactive oxygen
species (hydrogen peroxide), but not to other antimicrobial agents. The LDCIC-L1
mutant also showed a decrease in both the lethality of Caenorhabditis elegans
and the survival inside of human epithelial cells compared to wild-type
strain. Conversely, the haemagglutinating activity and adherence to and formation of
biofilms on different abiotic surfaces were not regulated through the CDCE8392_0813
gene. In conclusion, the CDCE8392_813 gene contributes to the TeR and
pathogenic potential of C. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisy Sanches Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - Cintia Silva Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - José Augusto Adler Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Priscila Soares Sabbadini
- Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, BR
| | - Maria das Graças de Luna
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - Raphael Hirata Júnior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Lehrstuhl fuer Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, DE
| | - Lídia Maria Buarque de Oliveira Asad
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
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15
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Anaganti N, Basu B, Gupta A, Joseph D, Apte SK. Depletion of reduction potential and key energy generation metabolic enzymes underlies tellurite toxicity inDeinococcus radiodurans. Proteomics 2014; 15:89-97. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhakti Basu
- Molecular Biology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| | - Alka Gupta
- Molecular Biology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| | - Daisy Joseph
- Nuclear Physics Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
| | - Shree Kumar Apte
- Molecular Biology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai India
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16
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Ni B, Zhang Y, Huang X, Yang R, Zhou D. Transcriptional regulation mechanism of ter operon by OxyR in Yersinia pestis. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:42-6. [PMID: 24577613 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the transcriptional regulation mechanism of ter operon by OxyR in Yersinia pestis. Total RNAs were extracted from the wild-type (WT) strain and the oxyR null mutant (ΔoxyR) strain. Primer extension assay was employed to detect the promoter activity (the amount of primer extension product) of terZ in WT and ΔoxyR. terZ promoter-proximal region was cloned into the pRW50 plasmid containing a promoterless lacZ gene. The recombinant LacZ reporter plasmid was transformed into WT and ΔoxyR, respectively, to measure the promoter activity (the β-galactosidase activity) of terZ in WT and ΔoxyR by using the β-galactosidase enzyme assay system. The entire promoter-proximal region of the terZ gene was amplified by PCR from Y. pestis strain 201, and the over-expressed His-OxyR was also purified under native conditions with nickel loaded HiTrap Chelating Sepharose columns (Amersham). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was applied to analyze the DNA-binding activity of His-OxyR to terZ promoter region in vitro. Primer extension assay detected only one transcriptional start site located at 50 bp upstream of terZ, whose transcript was directly activated by OxyR in Y. pestis. The EMSA result shows that His-OxyR has the ability to bind to the upstream DNA region of terZ. The transcription of ter operon was found to be directly activated by OxyR in Y. pestis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ni
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China,
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17
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Shen H, He Z, Yan H, Xing Z, Chen Y, Xu W, Xu W, Ma M. The fronds tonoplast quantitative proteomic analysis in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. J Proteomics 2014; 105:46-57. [PMID: 24508335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pteris vittata, the first known arsenic hyperaccumulating plant, can accumulate very high concentration arsenic in its aboveground tissues, while low in roots. Previous studies have suggested that arsenic vacuole compartmentalization may play an important role in the arsenic-hyperaccumulation in P. vittata, but the mechanism(s) of arsenic transport to vacuole are largely unknown. We obtained tonoplast isolated from fronds of P. vittata sporophyte grown under minus and 1mM arsenate for 3weeks by iodixanol step gradient centrifugation method, and then used TMPP protein labeling technology followed by liquid chromatography-a linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer analysis for the quantitative detection of proteins. And we designed and used an "artificial" database for database searching. In total, 56 tonoplast proteins were identified; more than 70% of them were transport proteins. Under arsenate treatment, one TDT transporter protein, a member of the TerC family and a PDR-like protein were upregulated differentially. While V-ATPase subunits c, E, and G, and V-PPase, were downregulated. Additionally, the identified tonoplast proteins in our present study provide an informative basis for arsenic carriers or channels and help to clarify the regulation of tonoplast arsenic transport processes in P. vittata. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Vacuole compartmentalization is crucial to As hyperaccumulator P. vittata, while there is limited known arsenic transport proteins involved in vacuole compartmentalization. In this paper, we obtained tonoplast of P. vittata fronds by iodixanol step gradient centrifugation method and then used TMPP protein labeling proteome technology for the quantitative detection of fronds tonoplast proteins. Our findings are the first challenge to the tonoplast proteins data mining of P. vittata which provide an informative basis for As carriers or channels. The proteomic approach in our study is suited for detecting alterations tonoplast protein and help to clarify the regulation of tonoplast transport processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenyan He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Huili Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zenan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Novel role for the yceGH tellurite resistance genes in the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis. Infect Immun 2013; 82:1132-40. [PMID: 24366250 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01614-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, relies on multiple virulence factors to subvert the host immune defense. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an infection model, we screened approximately 5,000 transposon mutants of B. anthracis Sterne for decreased virulence. One of the attenuated mutants resulted in loss of expression of yceG and yceH, the last two genes in a six-gene cluster of tellurite resistance genes. We generated an analogous insertional mutant to confirm the phenotype and characterize the role of yceGH in resistance to host defenses. Loss of yceGH rendered the mutants more sensitive to tellurite toxicity as well as to host defenses such as reactive oxygen species and the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides. Additionally, we see decreased survival in mammalian models of infection, including human whole blood and in mice. We identify a novel role for the yceGH genes in B. anthracis Sterne virulence and suggest that C. elegans is a useful infection model to study anthrax pathogenesis.
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Response to metronidazole and oxidative stress is mediated through homeostatic regulator HsrA (HP1043) in Helicobacter pylori. J Bacteriol 2013; 196:729-39. [PMID: 24296668 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01047-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole (MTZ) is often used in combination therapies to treat infections caused by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Resistance to MTZ results from loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding RdxA and FrxA nitroreductases. MTZ-resistant strains, when cultured at sub-MICs of MTZ (5 to 20 μg/ml), show dose-dependent defects in bacterial growth; depressed activities of many Krebs cycle enzymes, including pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR); and low transcript levels of porGDAB (primer extension), phenotypes consistent with an involvement of a transcriptional regulator. Using a combination of protein purification steps, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), and mass spectrometry analyses of proteins bound to porG promoter sequences, we identified HP1043, an essential homeostatic global regulator (HsrA [for homeostatic stress regulator]). Competition EMSAs and supershift analyses with HsrA-enriched protein fractions confirmed specific binding to porGDAB and hsrA promoter sequences. Exposure to MTZ resulted in >10-fold decreases in levels of HsrA and in levels of the HsrA-regulated gene products PFOR and TlpB. Exposure to paraquat (PQ), hydrogen peroxide, or organic peroxides showed near equivalence with MTZ, revealing a common oxidative stress response pathway. Finally, direct superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays showed an inverse relationship between HsrA levels and SOD activity, suggesting that HsrA may serve as a repressor of sodB. As a homeostatic sentinel, HsrA appears to be ideally positioned to enable rapid shutdown of genes associated with metabolism and growth while activating (directly or indirectly) oxidative defense genes in response to low levels of toxic metabolites (MTZ or oxygen) before they reach DNA-damaging levels.
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20
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Aradská J, Šmidák R, Turkovičová L, Turňa J, Lubec G. Proteomic differences between tellurite-sensitive and tellurite-resistant E.coli. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78010. [PMID: 24244285 PMCID: PMC3823874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tellurite containing compounds are in use for industrial processes and increasing delivery into the environment generates specific pollution that may well result in contamination and subsequent potential adverse effects on public health. It was the aim of the current study to reveal mechanism of toxicity in tellurite-sensitive and tellurite-resistant E. coli at the protein level. In this work an approach using gel-based mass spectrometrical analysis to identify a differential protein profile related to tellurite toxicity was used and the mechanism of ter operon-mediated tellurite resistance was addressed. E. coli BL21 was genetically manipulated for tellurite-resistance by the introduction of the resistance-conferring ter genes on the pLK18 plasmid. Potassium tellurite was added to cultures in order to obtain a final 3.9 micromolar concentration. Proteins from tellurite-sensitive and tellurite-resistant E. coli were run on 2-D gel electrophoresis, spots of interest were picked, in-gel digested and subsequently analysed by nano-LC-MS/MS (ion trap). In addition, Western blotting and measurement of enzymatic activity were performed to verify the expression of certain candidate proteins. Following exposure to tellurite, in contrast to tellurite-resistant bacteria, sensitive cells exhibited increased levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutases, catalase and oxidoreductase YqhD. Cysteine desulfurase, known to be related to tellurite toxicity as well as proteins involved in protein folding: GroEL, DnaK and EF-Tu were upregulated in sensitive cells. In resistant bacteria, several isoforms of four essential Ter proteins were observed and following tellurite treatment the abovementioned protein levels did not show any significant proteome changes as compared to the sensitive control. The absence of general defense mechanisms against tellurite toxicity in resistant bacteria thus provides further evidence that the four proteins of the ter operon function by a specific mode of action in the mechanism of tellurite resistance probably involving protein cascades from antioxidant and protein folding pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Aradská
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Šmidák
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Turkovičová
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Turňa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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21
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Protein-protein association and cellular localization of four essential gene products encoded by tellurite resistance-conferring cluster "ter" from pathogenic Escherichia coli. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 104:899-911. [PMID: 23989928 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene cluster "ter" conferring high tellurite resistance has been identified in various pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli O157:H7. However, the precise mechanism as well as the molecular function of the respective gene products is unclear. Here we describe protein-protein association and localization analyses of four essential Ter proteins encoded by minimal resistance-conferring fragment (terBCDE) by means of recombinant expression. By using a two-plasmid complementation system we show that the overproduced single Ter proteins are not able to mediate tellurite resistance, but all Ter members play an irreplaceable role within the cluster. We identified several types of homotypic and heterotypic protein-protein associations among the Ter proteins by in vitro and in vivo pull-down assays and determined their cellular localization by cytosol/membrane fractionation. Our results strongly suggest that Ter proteins function involves their mutual association, which probably happens at the interface of the inner plasma membrane and the cytosol.
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22
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The role of TerW protein in the tellurite resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Biologia (Bratisl) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ponnusamy D, Hartson SD, Clinkenbeard KD. Intracellular Yersinia pestis expresses general stress response and tellurite resistance proteins in mouse macrophages. Vet Microbiol 2011; 150:146-51. [PMID: 21295415 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia pestis inoculated subcutaneously via fleabite or experimental injection in natural rodent hosts multiply initially in macrophage phagolysosomes. Survival and multiplication of Y. pestis in this acidic low [Ca(2+)] and [Mg(2+)] environment likely necessitates compensatory mechanisms involving expression of specific proteins compared to those expressed during extracellular growth. A proteomics approach was used to identify these proteins using mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells infected with Y. pestis strain KIM6-2053.1+ for 8h. Intracellular Y. pestis protein samples were prepared by detergent lysis of infected RAW264.7 cells, isolation of intracellular Y. pestis by differential centrifugation, and sonication of isolated Y. pestis. Protein samples were similarly prepared from Y. pestis grown extracellularly in tissue culture media. Two intracellular and extracellular Y. pestis protein samples were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared in silico identifying 12 protein spots present in both intracellular samples but absent in extracellularly grown Y. pestis. Mass spectrometry analysis of these identified nine proteins at a high level of confidence in the Y. pestis genome: superoxide dismutase-A (sodA), inorganic pyrophosphatase, autonomous glycyl radical cofactor GrcA, molecular chaperone DnaK, serine endoprotease GsrA, global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator H-NS, urease subunit gamma UreA, and tellurite resistance proteins TerD and TerE. These results support the involvement of various general stress response regulators of Y. pestis during the intracellular parasitism of host macrophages as well as identification of UreA, TerD and TerE with as yet unknown roles in the process of intracellular survival of Y. pestis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Ponnusamy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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24
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Pan YR, Lou YC, Seven AB, Rizo J, Chen C. NMR structure and calcium-binding properties of the tellurite resistance protein TerD from Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Mol Biol 2010; 405:1188-201. [PMID: 21112337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The tellurium oxyanion TeO(3)(2-) has been used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by mycobacteria. However, many pathogenic bacteria show tellurite resistance. Several tellurite resistance genes have been identified, and these genes mediate responses to diverse extracellular stimuli, but the mechanisms underlying their functions are unknown. To shed light on the function of KP-TerD, a 20.5 -kDa tellurite resistance protein from a plasmid of Klebsiella pneumoniae, we have determined its three-dimensional structure in solution using NMR spectroscopy. KP-TerD contains a β-sandwich formed by two five-stranded β-sheets and six short helices. The structure exhibits two negative clusters in loop regions on the top of the sandwich, suggesting that KP-TerD may bind metal ions. Indeed, thermal denaturation experiments monitored by circular dichroism and NMR studies reveal that KP-TerD binds Ca(2+). Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy shows that the binding ratio of KP-TerD to Ca(2+) is 1:2. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) titrations of Ca(2+)-saturated KP-TerD monitored by one-dimensional NMR yield estimated dissociation constants of 18 and 200 nM for the two Ca(2+)-binding sites of KP-TerD. NMR structures incorporating two Ca(2+) ions define a novel bipartite Ca(2)(+)-binding motif that is predicted to be highly conserved in TerD proteins. Moreover, these Ca(2+)-binding sites are also predicted to be present in two additional tellurite resistance proteins, TerE and TerZ. These results suggest that some form of Ca(2+) signaling plays a crucial role in tellurite resistance and in other responses of bacteria to multiple external stimuli that depend on the Ter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ru Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC
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25
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Contreras NDP, Vásquez CC. Tellurite-induced carbonylation of the Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Arch Microbiol 2010; 192:969-73. [PMID: 20821193 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-010-0624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The soluble tellurium oxyanion, tellurite, is toxic for most organisms. At least in part, tellurite toxicity involves the generation of oxygen-reactive species which induce an oxidative stress status that damages different macromolecules with DNA, lipids and proteins as oxidation targets. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of tellurite exposure upon the Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. The complex displays two distinct enzymatic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase that oxidatively decarboxylates pyruvate to acetylCoA and tellurite reductase, which reduces tellurite (Te(4+)) to elemental tellurium (Te(o)). PDH complex components (AceE, AceF and Lpd) become oxidized upon tellurite exposure as a consequence of increased carbonyl group formation. When the individual enzymatic activities from each component were analyzed, AceE and Lpd did not show significant changes after tellurite treatment. AceF activity (dihydrolipoil acetyltransferase) decreased ~30% when cells were exposed to the toxicant. Finally, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity decreased >80%, while no evident changes were observed in complex's tellurite reductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly del P Contreras
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
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Sulfate assimilation mediates tellurite reduction and toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2010; 9:1635-47. [PMID: 20675578 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00078-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite a century of research and increasing environmental and human health concerns, the mechanistic basis of the toxicity of derivatives of the metalloid tellurium, Te, in particular the oxyanion tellurite, Te(IV), remains unsolved. Here, we provide an unbiased view of the mechanisms of tellurium metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by measuring deviations in Te-related traits of a complete collection of gene knockout mutants. Reduction of Te(IV) and intracellular accumulation as metallic tellurium strongly correlated with loss of cellular fitness, suggesting that Te(IV) reduction and toxicity are causally linked. The sulfate assimilation pathway upstream of Met17, in particular, the sulfite reductase and its cofactor siroheme, was shown to be central to tellurite toxicity and its reduction to elemental tellurium. Gene knockout mutants with altered Te(IV) tolerance also showed a similar deviation in tolerance to both selenite and, interestingly, selenomethionine, suggesting that the toxicity of these agents stems from a common mechanism. We also show that Te(IV) reduction and toxicity in yeast is partially mediated via a mitochondrial respiratory mechanism that does not encompass the generation of substantial oxidative stress. The results reported here represent a robust base from which to attack the mechanistic details of Te(IV) toxicity and reduction in a eukaryotic organism.
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27
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Aiassa V, Barnes AI, Albesa I. Resistance to ciprofloxacin by enhancement of antioxidant defenses in biofilm and planktonic Proteus mirabilis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Effects of tellurite on growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biometals 2009; 22:1089-94. [PMID: 19760109 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of potassium tellurite on growth and survival of rho(+) and rho(0) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were investigated. Both rho(+) and rho(0) strains grew on a fermentable carbon source with up to 1.2 mM K(2)TeO(3), while rho(+) yeast cells grown on a non-fermentable carbon source were inhibited at tellurite levels as low as 50 muM suggesting that this metalloid specifically inhibited mitochondrial functions. Growth of rho(+) yeast cells in the presence of increasing amount of tellurite resulted in dose-dependent blackening of the culture, a phenomenon not observed with rho(0) cultures. Transmission electron microscopy of S. cerevisiae rho(+) cells grown in the presence of tellurite showed that blackening was likely due to elemental tellurium (Te(0)) that formed large deposits along the cell wall and small precipitates in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
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29
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Chasteen TG, Fuentes DE, Tantaleán JC, Vásquez CC. Tellurite: history, oxidative stress, and molecular mechanisms of resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2009; 33:820-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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30
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Cloning, purification and characterization of Geobacillus stearothermophilus V uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase: evaluation of its role in resistance to potassium tellurite in Escherichia coli. Res Microbiol 2009; 160:125-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Expression of Aeromonas caviae ST pyruvate dehydrogenase complex components mediate tellurite resistance in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 380:148-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Zannoni D, Borsetti F, Harrison JJ, Turner RJ. The bacterial response to the chalcogen metalloids Se and Te. Adv Microb Physiol 2007; 53:1-72. [PMID: 17707143 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(07)53001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial metabolism of inorganics has been the subject of interest since the 1970s when it was recognized that bacteria are involved in the transformation of metal compounds in the environment. This area of research is generally referred to as bioinorganic chemistry or microbial biogeochemistry. Here, we overview the way the chalcogen metalloids Se and Te interact with bacteria. As a topic of considerable interest for basic and applied research, bacterial processing of tellurium and selenium oxyanions has been reviewed a few times over the past 15 years. Oddly, this is the first time these compounds have been considered together and their similarities and differences highlighted. Another aspect touched on for the first time by this review is the bacterial response in cell-cell or cell-surface aggregates (biofilms) against the metalloid oxyanions. Finally, in this review we have attempted to rationalize the considerable amount of literature available on bacterial resistance to the toxic metalloids tellurite and selenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zannoni
- Department of Biology, Unit of General Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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34
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Cysteine metabolism-related genes and bacterial resistance to potassium tellurite. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:8953-60. [PMID: 17951385 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01252-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tellurite exerts a deleterious effect on a number of small molecules containing sulfur moieties that have a recognized role in cellular oxidative stress. Because cysteine is involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione and other sulfur-containing compounds, we investigated the expression of Geobacillus stearothermophilus V cysteine-related genes cobA, cysK, and iscS and Escherichia coli cysteine regulon genes under conditions that included the addition of K2TeO3 to the culture medium. Results showed that cell tolerance to tellurite correlates with the expression level of the cysteine metabolic genes and that these genes are up-regulated when tellurite is present in the growth medium.
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35
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The contribution of tellurite resistance genes to the fitness of Escherichia coli uropathogenic strains. Open Life Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-007-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe presence of tellurite resistance gene operons has been reported in several human pathogens despite the fact that tellurium, as well as its soluble salts, are both rare in nature and are no longer in use as antimicrobial agents. We have introduced the cloned terWZA-F genes from an uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolate into another clinical E. coli isolate that was shown to be ter-gene free. The presence of the introduced genes increased the level of potassium tellurite resistance, as well as the level of resistance to oxidative stress mediated by hydrogen peroxide; and prolonged the ability of particular strains to survive in macrophages. We therefore propose that the contribution of tellurite resistance genes to oxidative stress resistance in bacteria is at least one reason for their presence in the genomes of a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms.
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Hendrischk AK, Braatsch S, Glaeser J, Klug G. The phrA gene of Rhodobacter sphaeroides encodes a photolyase and is regulated by singlet oxygen and peroxide in a σ E-dependent manner. Microbiology (Reading) 2007; 153:1842-1851. [PMID: 17526841 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2006/004390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of the facultatively photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides encodes three proteins of the photolyase/cryptochrome family. This paper shows that phrA (RSP2143) encodes a functional photolyase, which is an enzyme that repairs UV radiation-induced DNA damage in a blue light dependent manner. Expression of phrA is upregulated in response to light, with no photoreceptor or the photosynthetic electron transport being involved. The results reveal that singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide dependent signals are transmitted by the sigma(E) factor and the anti-sigma(E) factor ChrR affecting phrA expression, while superoxide anions do not stimulate phrA expression. Thus, the sigma(E) regulon is involved not only in the response to singlet oxygen but also in the hydrogen peroxide response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Hendrischk
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephan Braatsch
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Glaeser
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Klug
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Vavrova S, Valkova D, Drahovska H, Kokavec J, Mravec J, Turna J. Analysis of the tellurite resistance determinant on the pNT3B derivative of the pTE53 plasmid from uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Biometals 2006; 19:453-60. [PMID: 16937251 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-005-4862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have found and sequenced a significant part of the previously described tellurite resistance determinant on mini-Mu derivative pPR46, named pNT3B, originally cloned from a large conjugative plasmid pTE53, found in Escherichia coli. This plasmid contains genes essential for tellurite resistance, together with the protective region bearing genes terX, Y, W, and the conserved spacing region bearing several ORFs of unknown function. Computer analysis of obtained sequence revealed a close similarity to the formerly described ter operons found on the Serratia marcescens plasmid R478 and the chromosome of Escherichia coli O157:H7. This finding confirms the presence of a whole region on the large conjugative plasmid that pTE53 originated from a uropathogenic E. coli strain, and suggests its possible role in horizontal gene transfer, resulting in the development of new pathogenic E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vavrova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B2-137, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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38
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Höper D, Völker U, Hecker M. Comprehensive characterization of the contribution of individual SigB-dependent general stress genes to stress resistance of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:2810-26. [PMID: 15805528 PMCID: PMC1070366 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.8.2810-2826.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma(B)-dependent general stress regulon of Bacillus subtilis comprises more than 150 members. Induction of this regulon by imposition of environmental or metabolic stress confers multiple, nonspecific, and preemptive stress resistance to nongrowing, nonsporulated cells of B. subtilis. In this study we performed a regulon-wide phenotypic screening analysis to determine the stress sensitivity profiles of 94 mutants defective in candidate members of the general stress regulon that were previously identified in our transcriptional profiling study of the general stress response of B. subtilis. The phenotypic screening analysis included analysis of adaptation to a growth-inhibiting concentration of ethanol (10%, vol/vol) or NaCl (10%, wt/vol), severe heat shock (54 degrees C), and low temperature (survival at 4 degrees C and growth at 12.5 degrees C). Surprisingly, 85% of the mutants tested displayed increased sensitivity at an alpha confidence level of < or =0.01 to at least one of the four stresses tested, and 62% still exhibited increased sensitivity at an alpha of < or =0.001. In essence, we were able to assign 63 genes (28 genes with an alpha of < or =0.001) to survival after ethanol shock, 37 genes (28 genes with an alpha of < or =0.001) to protection from NaCl shock, 34 genes (24 genes with an alpha of < or =0.001) to survival at 4 degrees C, and 10 genes (3 genes with an alpha of < or =0.001) to management of severe heat shock. Interestingly, there was a substantial overlap between the genes necessary for survival during ethanol shock and the genes necessary for survival at 4 degrees C, and there was also an overlap between genes required for survival during ethanol shock and genes required for survival during NaCl shock. Our data provide evidence for the importance of the sigma(B) regulon at low temperatures, not only for growth but also for survival. Moreover, the data imply that a secondary oxidative stress seems to be a common component of the severe stresses tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Höper
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Borghese R, Borsetti F, Foladori P, Ziglio G, Zannoni D. Effects of the metalloid oxyanion tellurite (TeO32-) on growth characteristics of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 70:6595-602. [PMID: 15528523 PMCID: PMC525167 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.11.6595-6602.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work examines the effects of potassium tellurite (K2TeO3) on the cell viability of the facultative phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus. There was a growth mode-dependent response in which cultures anaerobically grown in the light tolerate the presence of up to 250 to 300 microg of tellurite (TeO3(2-)) per ml, while dark-grown aerobic cells were inhibited at tellurite levels as low as 2 microg/ml. The tellurite sensitivity of aerobic cultures was evident only for growth on minimal salt medium, whereas it was not seen during growth on complex medium. Notably, through the use of flow cytometry, we show that the cell membrane integrity was strongly affected by tellurite during the early growth phase (< or =50% viable cells); however, at the end of the growth period and in parallel with massive tellurite intracellular accumulation as elemental Te0 crystallites, recovery of cytoplasmic membrane integrity was apparent (> or =90% viable cells), which was supported by the development of a significant membrane potential (Deltapsi = 120 mV). These data are taken as evidence that in anaerobic aquatic habitats, the facultative phototroph R. capsulatus might act as a natural scavenger of the highly soluble and toxic oxyanion tellurite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Borghese
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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40
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Gilmour MW, Thomson NR, Sanders M, Parkhill J, Taylor DE. The complete nucleotide sequence of the resistance plasmid R478: defining the backbone components of incompatibility group H conjugative plasmids through comparative genomics. Plasmid 2004; 52:182-202. [PMID: 15518875 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Horizontal transfer of resistance determinants amongst bacteria can be achieved by conjugative plasmid DNA elements. We have determined the complete 274,762 bp sequence of the incompatibility group H (IncH) plasmid R478, originally isolated from the Gram negative opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens. This self-transferable extrachromosomal genetic element contains 295 predicted genes, of which 144 are highly similar to coding sequences of IncH plasmids R27 and pHCM1. The regions of similarity among these three IncH plasmids principally encode core plasmid determinants (i.e., replication, partitioning and stability, and conjugative transfer) and we conducted a comparative analysis to define the minimal IncHI plasmid backbone determinants. No resistance determinants are included in the backbone and most of the sequences unique to R478 were contained in a large contiguous region between the two transfer regions. These findings indicate that plasmid evolution occurs through gene acquisition/loss predominantly in regions outside of the core determinants. Furthermore, a modular evolution for R478 was signified by the presence of gene neighbors or operons that were highly related to sequences from a wide range of chromosomal, transposon, and plasmid elements. The conjugative transfer regions are most similar to sequences encoded on SXT, Rts1, pCAR1, R391, and pRS241d. The dual partitioning modules encoded on R478 resemble numerous sequences; including pMT1, pCTX-M3, pCP301, P1, P7, and pB171. R478 also codes for resistance to tetracycline (Tn10), chloramphenicol (cat), kanamycin (aphA), mercury (similar to Tn21), silver (similar to pMG101), copper (similar to pRJ1004), arsenic (similar to pYV), and tellurite (two separate regions similar to IncHI2 ter determinants and IncP kla determinants). Other R478-encoded sequences are related to Tn7, IS26, tus, mucAB, and hok, where the latter is surrounded by insLKJ, and could potentially be involved in post-segregation killing. The similarity to a diverse set of bacterial sequences highlights the ability of horizontally transferable DNA elements to acquire and disseminate genetic traits through the bacterial gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Gilmour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2R3
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