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Luqman M, Duhan N, Temeeyasen G, Selim M, Jangra S, Mor SK. Geographical Expansion of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B: First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B in US Poultry. Viruses 2024; 16:508. [PMID: 38675851 PMCID: PMC11054003 DOI: 10.3390/v16040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), classified within the Pneumoviridae family, wreaks havoc on poultry health. It typically causes upper respiratory tract and reproductive tract infections, mainly in turkeys, chickens, and ducks. Four subtypes of AMPV (A, B, C, D) and two unclassified subtypes have been identified, of which subtypes A and B are widely distributed across the world. In January 2024, an outbreak of severe respiratory disease occurred on turkey and chicken farms across different states in the US. Metagenomics sequencing of selected tissue and swab samples confirmed the presence of aMPV subtype B. Subsequently, all samples were screened using an aMPV subtype A and B multiplex real-time RT-PCR kit. Of the 221 farms, 124 (56%) were found to be positive for aMPV-B. All samples were negative for subtype A. Six whole genomes were assembled, five from turkeys and one from chickens; all six assembled genomes showed 99.29 to 99.98% nucleotide identity, indicating a clonal expansion event for aMPV-B within the country. In addition, all six sequences showed 97.74 to 98.58% nucleotide identity with previously reported subtype B sequences, e.g., VCO3/60616, Hungary/657/4, and BR/1890/E1/19. In comparison to these two reference strains, the study sequences showed unique 49-62 amino acid changes across the genome, with maximum changes in glycoprotein (G). One unique AA change from T (Threonine) to I (Isoleucine) at position 153 in G protein was reported only in the chicken aMPV sequence, which differentiated it from turkey sequences. The twelve unique AA changes along with change in polarity of the G protein may indicate that these unique changes played a role in the adaptation of this virus in the US poultry. This is the first documented report of aMPV subtype B in US poultry, highlighting the need for further investigations into its genotypic characterization, pathogenesis, and evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunil Kumar Mor
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food & Environmental Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (M.L.); (N.D.); (G.T.); (M.S.); (S.J.)
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Kariithi HM, Christy N, Decanini EL, Lemiere S, Volkening JD, Afonso CL, Suarez DL. Detection and Genome Sequence Analysis of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype A Viruses Circulating in Commercial Chicken Flocks in Mexico. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100579. [PMID: 36288192 PMCID: PMC9612082 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian metapneumoviruses (aMPV subtypes A-D) are respiratory and reproductive pathogens of poultry. Since aMPV-A was initially reported in Mexico in 2014, there have been no additional reports of its detection in the country. Using nontargeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of FTA card-spotted respiratory samples from commercial chickens in Mexico, seven full genome sequences of aMPV-A (lengths of 13,288-13,381 nucleotides) were de novo assembled. Additionally, complete coding sequences of genes N (n = 2), P and M (n = 7 each), F and L (n = 1 each), M2 (n = 6), SH (n = 5) and G (n = 2) were reference-based assembled from another seven samples. The Mexican isolates phylogenetically group with, but in a distinct clade separate from, other aMPV-A strains. The genome and G-gene nt sequences of the Mexican aMPVs are closest to strain UK/8544/06 (97.22-97.47% and 95.07-95.83%, respectively). Various amino acid variations distinguish the Mexican isolates from each other, and other aMPV-A strains, most of which are in the G (n = 38), F (n = 12), and L (n = 19) proteins. Using our sequence data and publicly available aMPV-A data, we revised a previously published rRT-PCR test, which resulted in different cycling and amplification conditions for aMPV-A to make it more compatible with other commonly used rRT-PCR diagnostic cycling conditions. This is the first comprehensive sequence analysis of aMPVs in Mexico and demonstrates the value of nontargeted NGS to identify pathogens where targeted virus surveillance is likely not routinely performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Kariithi
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kaptagat Rd, Nairobi P.O. Box 57811-00200, Kenya
- Correspondence: (H.M.K.); (D.L.S.); Tel.: +1-(706)-546-3479 (D.L.S.)
| | - Nancy Christy
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Guadalajara 44940, Mexico
| | - Eduardo L. Decanini
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health IMETA, Dubai P.O. Box 507066, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - David L. Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- Correspondence: (H.M.K.); (D.L.S.); Tel.: +1-(706)-546-3479 (D.L.S.)
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Mescolini G, Lupini C, Franzo G, Quaglia G, Legnardi M, Cecchinato M, Tucciarone CM, Blanco A, Turblin V, Biarnés M, Tatone F, Falchieri M, Catelli E. What is new on molecular characteristics of Avian metapneumovirus strains circulating in Europe? Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1314-1322. [PMID: 32794302 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, one hundred and sixteen partial G gene sequences of Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype B, obtained during routine diagnostics in different European Countries in the last few years (2014-2019), were analysed by sequence and phylogenetic analyses in order to draw an updated picture of the molecular characteristics of circulating strains. Nucleotide sequences were compared with other sequences of European and non-European aMPV-Bs collected prior to that period or retrieved from GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships among the aMPV-B strains, reconstructed using the maximum likelihood method implemented in MEGA X, demonstrated that aMPV-B has evolved in Europe from its first appearance, frequently displaying a clear relation with the geographic area of detection. The 40% of aMPV-B viruses analysed were classified as vaccine-derived strains, being phylogenetically related, and showing high nucleotide identity with live commercial vaccine strains licensed in Europe. The remaining 60% were classified as field strains since they clustered separately and showed a low nucleotide identity with vaccines and vaccine-derived strains. The phylogenetic tree showed that the virus has continued to evolve from its first appearance in the '80s since more recently detected strains belonged to clades phylogenetically distant from the older strains. Unlike vaccine-derived strains, field strains tended to cluster according to their geographic origin and irrespective of the host species where the viruses had been detected. In conclusion, the molecular characterization of aMPV-B and the differentiation between vaccines and field strains through G gene sequence analysis can be a useful tool towards correct diagnosis and should be routinely applied in order to better address the control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mescolini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Quaglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudia M Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Angela Blanco
- CESAC - Centre de Sanitat Avícola de Catalunya i Aragó, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Mar Biarnés
- CESAC - Centre de Sanitat Avícola de Catalunya i Aragó, Reus, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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Laconi A, Catelli E, Cecchinato M, Naylor CJ. Two similar commercial live attenuated AMPV vaccines prepared by random passage of the identical field isolate, have unrelated sequences. Vaccine 2019; 37:2765-2767. [PMID: 31003913 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since late '80 s Avian metapneumovirus subtype A causes sufficient disease in Europe for commercial companies to have started developing live attenuated vaccines. Here, two of those vaccines were fully consensus sequenced alongside their progenitor field strain (#8544). Sequences comparison shows that the attenuation of field strain #8544 was associated with no common substitutions between the two derived vaccines. This finding suggests that the attenuation of field viruses via serial passage on cell cultures or tissues is the result of a random process, rather than a mechanism aiming to achieve a specific sequence. Furthermore, field vaccination strategies would greatly benefit by the unambiguous vaccine markers identified in this study, enabling a prompt and confident vaccines detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Laconi
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Clive J Naylor
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
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The small hydrophobic (SH) gene of North American turkey AMPV-C does not attenuate nor modify host tropism in recombinant European duck AMPV-C. Virology 2019; 526:138-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Koehler A, Kolesnikova L, Becker S. An active site mutation increases the polymerase activity of the guinea pig-lethal Marburg virus. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2494-2500. [PMID: 27450090 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) causes severe, often fatal, disease in humans and transient illness in rodents. Sequential passaging of MARV in guinea pigs resulted in selection of a lethal virus containing 4 aa changes. A D184N mutation in VP40 (VP40D184N), which leads to a species-specific gain of viral fitness, and three mutations in the active site of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase L, which were investigated in the present study for functional significance in human and guinea pig cells. The transcription/replication activity of L mutants was strongly enhanced by a substitution at position 741 (S741C), and inhibited by other substitutions (D758A and A759D) in both species. The polymerase activity of L carrying the S741C substitution was eightfold higher in guinea pig cells than in human cells upon co-expression with VP40D184N, suggesting that the additive effect of the two mutations provides MARV a replicative advantage in the new host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koehler
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Kolesnikova
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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Laconi A, Clubbe J, Falchieri M, Lupini C, Cecchinato M, Catelli E, Listorti V, Naylor CJ. A comparison of AMPV subtypes A and B full genomes, gene transcripts and proteins led to reverse-genetics systems rescuing both subtypes. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1324-1332. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Laconi
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Jayne Clubbe
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Marco Falchieri
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'università, 16, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Valeria Listorti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Clive J. Naylor
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK
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Cecchinato M, Catelli E, Lupini C, Ricchizzi E, Prosperi S, Naylor C. Reversion to virulence of a subtype B avian metapneumovirus vaccine: Is it time for regulators to require availability of vaccine progenitors? Vaccine 2014; 32:4660-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Longitudinal field studies of avian metapneumovirus and turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus in turkeys suffering from colibacillosis associated mortality. Vet Res Commun 2014; 38:129-37. [PMID: 24585393 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-014-9596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate if the exposure to Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) and/or to Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (THEV) was significant for the induction of episodes of colibacillosis in aMPV and THEV vaccinated turkeys. Colibacillosis-associated mortality was recorded and longitudinal virological studies performed in three consecutive turkey flocks reared in the same farm. aMPV and THEV diagnostic swabs and blood samples were made once a week up to 14 weeks of age. Swabs were processed by molecular techniques for viruses detection and antibody titres were evaluated. Field subtype B aMPVs were detected in all flocks at different ages of life always associated with respiratory signs and increase of colibacillosis-associated mortality. THEV has been consistently detected in all flocks since the 9th week of age. Vaccination with a single dose of the THEV commercial inactivated vaccine available in Italy seems does not protect the birds from the infection. Sequence comparison of the hexon protein of one of the THEV strains detected, and strains isolated worldwide, revealed high similarity between them. These results are consistent with the notion that the hexon protein, being the major antigenic component of the virus, is highly conserved between the strains. Results showed that field aMPV infection is directly correlated to colibacillosis-associated mortality. Less clear appears the role of THEV because the endemicity of aMPV makes difficult to evaluate its role in predisposing colibacillosis in absence of aMPV. It would be interesting to further investigate this issue through experimental trials in secure isolation conditions.
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Brown PA, Briand FX, Guionie O, Lemaitre E, Courtillon C, Henry A, Jestin V, Eterradossi N. An alternative method to determine the 5' extremities of non-segmented, negative sense RNA viral genomes using positive replication intermediate 3' tailing: application to two members of the Paramyxoviridae family. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:121-7. [PMID: 23707921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Determining the sequence of non-segmented, negative sense RNA viral genomes is far from routine and often requires the application of several techniques. In this study, an existing method used currently just for determination of the genomic 3' extremity was used to determine both the 3' and 5' sequence extremities of a Newcastle disease virus and an avian metapneumovirus. This was achieved with a single 3' nucleotide tailing reaction of both the genomic RNA and the full length, positive sense, antigenomic RNA, followed by a single reverse transcription reaction targeted to the common polynucleotide tails, and then individual PCRs specific for each extremity using PCR primers derived from the sequence of the RT primer or from neighbouring virus sequences known previously. For each virus the method was employed separately. Sequences from both viruses were in agreement with those reported previously for other paramyxoviruses, yet one extra base at the 3' and one extra base at the 5' were identified for the avian metapneumovirus. In this study, importantly, the newly determined extremities maintained the complementarity known to exist between the extremities of these viruses. The method was equally successful with both viruses and can be tailored easily to function with other non-segmented, negative sense viruses through minor modification of only the primer sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Brown
- Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, VIPAC, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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Avian metapneumoviruses expressing Infectious Bronchitis virus genes are stable and induce protection. Vaccine 2013; 31:2565-71. [PMID: 23588091 PMCID: PMC7127184 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Foreign viral genes can be inserted into the AMPV genome. Resultant recombinant viruses express the inserted genes and are stable in cell culture. Both S1 and N genes from IBX QX induced protection against QX challenge. Induced seroconversion after recombinant inoculation was minimal.
The study investigates the ability of subtype A Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) to accept foreign genes and be used as a vector for delivery of Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) QX genes to chickens. Initially the GFP gene was added to AMPV at all gene junctions in conjunction with the development of cassetted full length DNA AMPV copies. After recombinant virus had been recovered by reverse genetics, GFP positions supporting gene expression while maintaining virus viability in vitro, were determined. Subsequently, either S1 or nucleocapsid (N) genes of IBV were positioned between AMPV M and F genes, while later a bivalent recombinant was prepared by inserting S1 and N at AMPV MF and GL junctions respectively. Immunofluorescent antibody staining showed that all recombinants expressed the inserted IBV genes in vitro and furthermore, all recombinant viruses were found to be highly stable during serial passage. Eyedrop inoculation of chickens with some AMPV-IBV recombinants at one-day-old induced protection against virulent IBV QX challenge 3 weeks later, as assessed by greater motility of tracheal cilia from chickens receiving the recombinants. Nonetheless evidence of AMPV/IBV seroconversion, or major recombinant tracheal replication, were largely absent.
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Yu Q, Roth JP, Hu H, Estevez CN, Zhao W, Zsak L. Protection by Recombinant Newcastle Disease Viruses (NDV) Expressing the Glycoprotein (G) of Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) Subtype A or B against Challenge with Virulent NDV and aMPV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/wjv.2013.34018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Avian metapneumovirus RT-nested-PCR: A novel false positive reducing inactivated control virus with potential applications to other RNA viruses and real time methods. J Virol Methods 2012; 186:171-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Variable evolutionary routes to host establishment across repeated rabies virus host shifts among bats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:19715-20. [PMID: 23150575 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203456109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the genetic pathways that viruses traverse to establish in new host species is crucial to predict the outcome of cross-species transmission but poorly understood for most host-virus systems. Using sequences encoding 78% of the rabies virus genome, we explored the extent, repeatability and dynamic outcome of evolution associated with multiple host shifts among New World bats. Episodic bursts of positive selection were detected in several viral proteins, including regions associated with host cell interaction and viral replication. Host shifts involved unique sets of substitutions, and few sites exhibited repeated evolution across adaptation to many bat species, suggesting diverse genetic determinants over host range. Combining these results with genetic reconstructions of the demographic histories of individual viral lineages revealed that although rabies viruses shared consistent three-stage processes of emergence in each new bat species, host shifts involving greater numbers of positively selected substitutions had longer delays between cross-species transmission and enzootic viral establishment. Our results point to multiple evolutionary routes to host establishment in a zoonotic RNA virus that may influence the speed of viral emergence.
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Hu H, Roth JP, Estevez CN, Zsak L, Liu B, Yu Q. Generation and evaluation of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing the glycoprotein (G) of avian metapneumovirus subgroup C as a bivalent vaccine in turkeys. Vaccine 2011; 29:8624-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Clubbe J, Naylor CJ. Avian metapneumovirus M2:2 protein inhibits replication in Vero cells: modification facilitates live vaccine development. Vaccine 2011; 29:9493-8. [PMID: 22019755 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the world, avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) infection of subtype A is principally controlled by two live vaccines both derived from UK field strain #8544. Improvements of those vaccines by use of reverse genetics technology was found to be hampered by the inability of #8544 to replicate in the commonly exploited Vero cell based reverse genetics system. A systematic reverse genetics based genome modification of a DNA copy of #8544, employing sequence data from a Vero grown, #8544 derived, live vaccine; was used to determine mutations required to facilitate virus recovery and replication in Vero cells. This identified a single coding substitution in the M2:2 reading frame as responsible. Furthermore, ablation of M2:2 was found to elicit the same outcome. M2:2 sequence analysis of seven AMPVs found Vero cell adaption to be associated with non similar amino acid changes in M2:2. The study shows that M2:2 modification of field virus #8544 will enable research leading to improved vaccines. This may have more general application to other AMPV field strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Clubbe
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
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Lupini C, Cecchinato M, Ricchizzi E, Naylor CJ, Catelli E. A turkey rhinotracheitis outbreak caused by the environmental spread of a vaccine-derived avian metapneumovirus. Avian Pathol 2011; 40:525-30. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.607428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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