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Tavassoli A, Soleymani S, Housaindokht MR. Nucleotide sequence characterization, amino acid variations and 3D structural analysis of HN protein of the NDV VIId genotype. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1491. [PMID: 39031626 PMCID: PMC11190948 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) is one of the membrane proteins of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) that plays a significant role during host viral infection. Therefore, antibodies against HN are vital for the host's ability to protect itself against NDV infection due to their critical functions in viral infection. As a result, HN has been a candidate protein in vaccine development against the Newcastle disease virus. METHODS This report used the full-length sequence of the HN protein of NDV isolated in Iran (VIId subgenotype). We characterize and identify amino acid substitutions in comparison to other more prevalent NDV genotypes, VII subgenotypes and vaccine strains. Furthermore, bioinformatics tools were applied to determine the three-dimensional structure, molecular dynamics simulation and prediction of B-cell antigenic epitopes. RESULTS The results showed that the antigenic regions of our isolate are quite comparable to the other VII subgenotypes of NDV isolated from different geographical places. Moreover, by employing the final 3D structure of our HN protein, the amino acid residues are proposed as a B-cell epitope by epitope prediction servers, which leads to the introduction of linear and conformational antigenic sites. CONCLUSIONS Immunoinformatic vaccine design principles currently exhibit tremendous potential for developing a new generation of candidate vaccines quickly and economically to eradicate infectious viruses, including the NDV. In order to accomplish this, focus is directed on residues that might be considered antigenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Tavassoli
- Research and Technology Center of BiomoleculesFaculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Safoura Soleymani
- Research and Technology Center of BiomoleculesFaculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Housaindokht
- Research and Technology Center of BiomoleculesFaculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
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2
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Mahmood S, Skinner P, Warren CJ, Mayers J, James J, Núñez A, Lean FZX, Brookes SM, Brown IH, Banyard AC, Ross CS. In vivo challenge studies on vaccinated chickens indicate a virus genotype mismatched vaccine still offers significant protection against NDV. Vaccine 2024; 42:653-661. [PMID: 38143198 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Although commercial vaccines against Newcastle Disease have been available for decades, outbreaks still occur in the face of vaccination Further vaccination may accelerate viral evolution resulting in a further reduction in vaccine efficacy. A key question is whether genotype-matched vaccines can confer better protection against contemporary type 1 Avian Paramyxoviruses. To assess this, an in vivo vaccine-challenge study was undertaken to assess protection afforded by 'genotype-matched' and commercial vaccine formulations. Groups of chickens were vaccinated twice (prime-boost) with an inactivated preparation of either La Sota Clone 30, AV632-chicken-Cyprus-13 (genotype VII.2), or mock vaccine, and later challenged with virulent AV632-chicken-Cyprus-13. Post vaccinal serological responses differed, although both vaccination/challenge groups showed similar levels of clinical protection compared to the unvaccinated group, where 100 % mortality was observed. Shedding was significantly reduced in the vaccinated groups compared to the unvaccinated group. Virus dissemination in the tissues of vaccinated birds was comparable, but onset of infection was delayed. Two mutations were observed in the HN gene of the heterologous vaccine group; H199N and I192M, the latter thought to be associated with increased fusogenic potential. These data demonstrate that existing vaccine formulations confer similar levels of clinical protection to contemporary strains and that the antigenic heterogeneity of circulating strains does not impact upon shedding profiles in immunised birds. In conclusion, the ability of virulent APMV-1 to cause disease in vaccinated flocks is unlikely to be the result of antigenic mismatch alone, and other factors likely contribute to vaccination failure and breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mahmood
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Skinner
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline J Warren
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Mayers
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Joe James
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Z X Lean
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon M Brookes
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Ian H Brown
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley C Banyard
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S Ross
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
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3
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Chen X, Jia Y, Wei N, Ye C, Hao H, Xiao S, Wang X, Liu H, Yang Z. Identification of a new amino acid mutation in the HN protein of NDV involved in pathogenicity. Vet Res 2021; 52:147. [PMID: 34930432 PMCID: PMC8686287 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are viral entry proteins and are recognized as the major virulence determinants. Previously, a lentogenic NDV virus (CE16) was derived from a mesogenic strain (CI10) through sequential passages in chick embryos. Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed that the two homologous strains shared the same F protein but differed in HN with two amino acid (aa) substitutions (A215G and T430A). To elucidate the molecular reasons for virulence attenuation, two original plasmids (HN-CI10 and HN-CE16) and two single-point mutants (G215A and A430T) reverse-mutated from HN-CE16 were constructed to analyse the known biological functions of HN. The results showed that the A430T substitution significantly weakened the haemadsorption (HAd) activity, increased the neuraminidase (NA) activity, improved the fusion-promoting activity, and enhanced the cleavage-promoting activity of HN-CE16. However, G215A failed to induce obvious functional changes. Therefore, the aa residue HN430 may play a key role in determining virulence. To test this hypothesis, further studies on A430T were conducted through reverse genetics using an infectious cDNA clone. At the viral level, the A430T-mutated virus showed dramatic promotion of viral plaque formation, propagation, and pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo. This study demonstrates a new virulence site associated with HN protein functions, viral propagation, and pathogenicity. All these findings could lay a foundation for illuminating the molecular mechanism of NDV virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqing Jia
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huafang Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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4
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Liu T, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Jiang S, Sun R, Yin J, Gao Z, Ren G, Wang Z, Yu Q, Sui G, Sun X, Sun W, Xiao W, Li D. Optimization of oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus Clone30 by selecting sensitive tumor host and constructing more oncolytic viruses. Gene Ther 2021; 28:697-717. [PMID: 32409746 PMCID: PMC8674137 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The direct oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) depends on the following two aspects: the susceptibility of cancer cells to virus infection and the ability of virus itself to lyse cancer cells. First, we investigate the susceptibility of cancer cells to NDV infection, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and SH-SY5Y cells were susceptible, A549, MCF7, and LoVo cells were less susceptible. To investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for cancer cell susceptibility, transcriptome sequencing was carried out. We found that the levels of alpha-sialic acid acyltransferase were upregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells compared with MCF7 cells, and the interferon was downregulated. Second, to optimize the oncolytic capacity of the wild-type rClone30, a series of chimeric viruses rClone30-Anh(HN), rClone30-Anh(F), and rClone30-Anh(HN-F) were constructed by exchanging the HN gene, F gene or both of non-lytic rClone30 strain with lytic strain Anhinga. rClone30-Anh(F) and rClone30-Anh(HN-F) enhanced the oncolytic effect of the rClone30, and this enhancement is more obvious in the susceptible cells. The oncolytic mechanism of rClone30-Anh(F) was analyzed by transcriptome analyses, in comparison with rClone30, rClone30-Anh(F) upregulated the expression of ATG5, Beclin 1, and MAP1LC3B, thus activating autophagy and promoting the production of syncytia. In conclusion, our study provides a strategy to enhance the oncolytic effect of rClone30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yukai Cao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiechao Yin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhenqiu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
| | - Guiping Ren
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wenying Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, 222001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Deshan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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5
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Molouki A, Mehrabadi MHF, Bashashati M, Akhijahani MM, Lim SHE, Hajloo SA. NDV subgenotype VII(L) is currently circulating in commercial broiler farms of Iran, 2017-2018. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1247-1252. [PMID: 30689157 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on our previous work, it was discovered that some Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from backyard poultry between 2011 and 2013 in Iran formed a new separate cluster when phylogenetic analysis based on the complete F gene sequence was carried out. The novel cluster was designated subgenotype VII(L) and published. AIM In the current study, for further validation, we initiated a comprehensive epidemiological study to identify the dominant NDV genotype(s) circulating within the country. Collection of samples was executed between October 2017 and February 2018 from 108 commercial broiler farms which reported clinical signs of respiratory disease in their broilers. RESULT We report that 38 of the farms (> 35%) tested positive for NDV. The complete F gene sequences of seven of the isolates are shown as representative sequences in this study. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed, the recent broiler farm isolates clustered into the newly designated cluster VII(L) together with the older Iranian backyard poultry isolates in our previous work. All the sequences shared the same virulence-associated F cleavage site of 112RRQKR↓F117. CONCLUSION Our phylogenetic analysis suggested that the NDV subgenotype VII(L) may have been derived from subgenotype VIId, and contrary to popular belief, subgenotype VIId may not be the dominant subgenotype in Iran. Tracking of the subgenotype on BLAST suggested that the NDV subgenotype VII(L), although previously unidentified, may have been circulating in this region as an endemic virus for at least a decade. Other NDV genotypes, however, have also been reported in Iran in recent years. Hence, ongoing study is aimed at determining the exact dominant NDV genotypes and subgenotypes in the country. This will be crucial in effective mitigation of outbreaks in Iranian broiler farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bashashati
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mahmoudzadeh Akhijahani
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Swee Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Centre for Research Excellence and School of Data Science, Perdana University, Block D, MAEPS Building, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saeed Amir Hajloo
- Department of Health and Management of Poultry Disease, Iranian Veterinary Organization (IVO), Tehran, Iran
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6
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Meng C, Rehman ZU, Liu K, Qiu X, Tan L, Sun Y, Liao Y, Song C, Yu S, Ding Z, Nair V, Munir M, Ding C. Potential of genotype VII Newcastle disease viruses to cause differential infections in chickens and ducks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1851-1862. [PMID: 30043428 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by ND virus (NDV), is one of the most infectious and economically important diseases of the poultry industry worldwide. While infections are reported in a wide range of avian species, the pathogenicity of chicken-origin virulent NDV isolates in ducks remains elusive. In this study, two NDV strains were isolated and biologically and genetically characterized from an outbreak in chickens and apparently healthy ducks. Pathogenicity assessment indices, including the mean death time (MDT), intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and cleavage motifs in the fusion (F) protein, indicated that both isolates were velogenic in nature. While these isolates carried pathogenic characteristics, interestingly they showed differential pathogenicity in ducks. The chicken-origin isolate caused high (70%) mortality, whereas the duck-origin virus resulted in low (20%) mortality in 4-week-old ducks. Intriguingly, both isolates showed comparable disease pathologies in chickens. Full-genome sequence analysis showed that the virus genome contains 15 192 nucleotides and carried features that are characteristic of velogenic strains of NDV. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that both isolates clustered in class II and genotype VII. However, there were several mutations in the functionally important regions of the fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins, which may be responsible for the differential pathogenicity of these viruses in ducks. In summary, these results suggest that NDV strains with the same genotype show differential pathogenicity in chickens and ducks. Furthermore, chicken-origin virulent NDVs are more pathogenic for ducks than duck-origin viruses. These findings propose a role for chickens in the evolution of viral pathogenicity and the potential genetic resistance of ducks to poultry viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Shanghai Key laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaib Ur Rehman
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Kaichun Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Avian Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, UK
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Shanghai Key laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
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7
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Ji Y, Liu T, Jia Y, Liu B, Yu Q, Cui X, Guo F, Chang H, Zhu Q. Two single mutations in the fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus confer hemagglutinin-neuraminidase independent fusion promotion and attenuate the pathogenicity in chickens. Virology 2017. [PMID: 28646649 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fusion (F) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) affects viral infection and pathogenicity through mediating membrane fusion. Previously, we found NDV with increased fusogenic activity in which contained T458D or G459D mutation in the F protein. Here, we investigated the effects of these two mutations on viral infection, fusogenicity and pathogenicity. Syncytium formation assays indicated that T458D or G459D increased the F protein cleavage activity and enhanced cell fusion with or without the presence of HN protein. The T458D- or G459D-mutated NDV resulted in a decrease in virus replication or release from cells. The animal study showed that the pathogenicity of the mutated NDVs was attenuated in chickens. These results indicate that these two single mutations in F altered or diminished the requirement of HN for promoting membrane fusion. The increased fusogenic activity may disrupt the cellular machinery and consequently decrease the virus replication and pathogenicity in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Yane Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, US National Poultry Research Center, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Xiaole Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China.
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China.
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8
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Jin J, Zhao J, Ren Y, Zhong Q, Zhang G. Contribution of HN protein length diversity to Newcastle disease virus virulence, replication and biological activities. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36890. [PMID: 27833149 PMCID: PMC5105081 DOI: 10.1038/srep36890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the contribution of length diversity in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein to the pathogenicity, replication and biological characteristics of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), we used reverse genetics to generate a series of recombinant NDVs containing truncated or extended HN proteins based on an infectious clone of genotype VII NDV (SG10 strain). The mean death times and intracerebral pathogenicity indices of these viruses showed that the different length mutations in the HN protein did not alter the virulence of NDV. In vitro studies of recombinant NDVs containing truncated or extended HN proteins revealed that the extension of HN protein increased its hemagglutination titer, receptor-binding ability and impaired its neuraminidase activity, fusogenic activity and replication ability. Furthermore, the hemadsorption, neuraminidase and fusogenic promotion activities at the protein level were consistent with those of viral level. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the HN biological activities affected by the C-terminal extension are associated with NDV replication but not the virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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9
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Two single amino acid substitutions in the intervening region of Newcastle disease virus HN protein attenuate viral replication and pathogenicity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13038. [PMID: 26267791 PMCID: PMC4533526 DOI: 10.1038/srep13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the proteins encoded by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the attachment protein (HN) is an important determinant of virulence and pathogenicity. HN has been molecularly characterized at the protein level; however, the relationship between the molecular character of HN and the animal pathotype it causes has not been well explored. Here, we revisited the intervening region (IR) of the HN stalk and extended the known biological functions of HN. Three distinct substitutions (A89Q, P93A, and L94A) in the IR of genotype VII NDV (G7 strain) HN protein were analyzed. The A89Q and L94A mutations weakened the fusion promotion activity of HN to 44% and 41% of that of wild type, respectively, whereas P93A decreased the neuraminidase activity to 21% of the parental level. At the virus level, P93A and L94A-bearing viruses displayed impaired receptor recognition ability, neuraminidase activity, and fusion-promoting activity, all of which led to virus attenuation. In addition, the L94A-mutated virus showed a dramatic decline in replication and was attenuated in cells and in chickens. Our data demonstrate that the HN biological activities and functions modulated by these specific amino acids in the IR are associated with NDV replication and pathogenicity.
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10
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Comprehensive Analysis and Characterization of Linear Antigenic Domains on HN Protein from Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus Using Yeast Surface Display System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131723. [PMID: 26121247 PMCID: PMC4488241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulation of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has posed a great threat for the poultry industry worldwide. Antibodies against Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), a membrane protein of NDV with critical roles in NDV infection, have been reported to provide chickens protection from NDV infection. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the in vivo antibody responses against the linear antigenic domains of the HN protein from genotype VII NDV using a yeast surface display system. The results revealed four distinct regions of HN, P1 (1-52aa), P2 (53-192aa), P3 (193-302aa) and P4 (303-571aa), respectively, according to their antigenic potency. Analysis by FACS and ELISA assay indicated P2 to be the dominant linear antigenic domain, with the immunogenic potency to protect the majority of chickens from NDV challenge. In contrast, the P1, P3 and P4 domains showed weak antigenicity in vivo and could not protect chickens from NDV challenge. These results provide important insight into the characteristic of humoral immune responses elicited by HN of NDV in vivo.
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Wichgers Schreur PJ, Oreshkova N, Harders F, Bossers A, Moormann RJM, Kortekaas J. Paramyxovirus-based production of Rift Valley fever virus replicon particles. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2638-2648. [PMID: 25209808 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.067660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicon-particle-based vaccines combine the efficacy of live-attenuated vaccines with the safety of inactivated or subunit vaccines. Recently, we developed Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) replicon particles, also known as nonspreading RVFV (NSR), and demonstrated that a single vaccination with these particles can confer sterile immunity in target animals. NSR particles can be produced by transfection of replicon cells, which stably maintain replicating RVFV S and L genome segments, with an expression plasmid encoding the RVFV glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, normally encoded by the M-genome segment. Here, we explored the possibility to produce NSR with the use of a helper virus. We show that replicon cells infected with a Newcastle disease virus expressing Gn and Gc (NDV-GnGc) were able to produce high levels of NSR particles. In addition, using reverse genetics and site-directed mutagenesis, we were able to create an NDV-GnGc variant that lacks the NDV fusion protein and contains two amino acid substitutions in, respectively, Gn and HN. The resulting virus uses a unique entry pathway that facilitates the efficient production of NSR in a one-component system. The novel system provides a promising alternative for transfection-based NSR production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Wichgers Schreur
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Oreshkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Harders
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J M Moormann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kortekaas
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, the Netherlands
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Duan Z, Li J, Zhu J, Chen J, Xu H, Wang Y, Liu H, Hu S, Liu X. A single amino acid mutation, R42A, in the Newcastle disease virus matrix protein abrogates its nuclear localization and attenuates viral replication and pathogenicity. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1067-1073. [PMID: 24603525 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.062992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) matrix (M) protein is a highly basic and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling viral protein. Previous study has demonstrated that the N-terminal 100 aa of NDV M protein are somewhat acidic overall, but the remainder of the polypeptide is strongly basic. In this study, we investigated the role of the N-terminal basic residues in the subcellular localization of M protein and in the replication and pathogenicity of NDV. We found that mutation of the basic residue arginine (R) to alanine (A) at position 42 disrupted M's nuclear localization. Moreover, a recombinant virus with R42A mutation in the M protein reduced viral replication in DF-1 cells and attenuated the virulence and pathogenicity of the virus in chickens. This is the first report to show that a basic residue mutation in the NDV M protein abrogates its nuclear localization and attenuates viral replication and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Haixu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Huimou Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Ministry of Educational Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Ministry of Educational Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
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Dortmans JCFM, Koch G, Rottier PJM, Peeters BPH. Virulence of Newcastle disease virus: what is known so far? Vet Res 2011; 42:122. [PMID: 22195547 PMCID: PMC3269386 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade many studies have been performed on the virulence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This is mainly due to the development of reverse genetics systems which made it possible to genetically modify NDV and to investigate the contribution of individual genes and genome regions to its virulence. However, the available information is scattered and a comprehensive overview of the factors and conditions determining NDV virulence is lacking. This review summarises, compares and discusses the available literature and shows that virulence of NDV is a complex trait determined by multiple genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos C F M Dortmans
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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