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Pontes NE, Carrazzoni PG, Pessoa-Junior ME, Tibúrcio Júnior E, Freitas ACD, Silva MARD. Bovine papillomavirus vertical transmission: BPV diversity and expression in maternal and fetal tissues. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2879-2884. [PMID: 38801639 PMCID: PMC11405347 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine Papillomaviruses (BPVs) constitute a diverse group within the Papillomaviridae family, playing a crucial role in bovine health and economic considerations. This study investigates the dynamics of vertical transmission of BPV in cattle, focusing on five cows and their reproductive tissues, as well as three gravid cows and their fetuses. DNA and RNA samples were extracted from the warts, fetal skin, placenta, uterus, ovary, and blood of cows, as well as the skin and blood of fetuses. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeted BPV types 1-6 and 8-14, was assessed in both cows and fetuses. Additionally, Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) examined BPV-2 E5 oncogene expression in the skin and reproductive sites of mother cows and fetuses. Our findings unveil a rich diversity of BPV types, including BPV-2, 3, 9, 10, 12, and 14, present in both maternal and fetal tissues. Intriguingly, certain types, namely BPV-4, 6, 8, and 11, were exclusively identified in maternal tissues A higher diversity of BPVs was observed in cow warts, followed by cow blood, fetal blood, and fetal skin. Strikingly similar BPV types in gravid cow blood and fetuses suggest primary dissemination through the bloodstream and transmission via the placenta, though detected in lower numbers in cow uterus and ovary. Histopathological analysis revealed no abnormalities in the reproductive tissues despite the presence of BPV. However, in one bladder sample from a cow that did not consume bracken fern, urothelial neoplasia in situ was observed. The study extends beyond detection, exploring the expression of the BPV-2 E5 oncogene in fetal tissues, providing insights into potential cell implications. Comparative analyses with previous studies highlight the uniqueness of our investigation, encompassing a broader array of BPV types in the gravid cows and their fetuses. The findings not only establish a foundation for further investigations into the mechanisms of vertical transmission but also highlight the need for targeted interventions and surveillance strategies to mitigate potential health risks associated with specific BPV types.
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Tibúrcio-Júnior E, Carrazzoni PG, Tenorio-Filho F, Pontes NE, Alves RV, de Freitas AC, Silva MAR. Prolonged detection of BPV2 in urine and blood of papillomatosis-affected cattle not grazing bracken fern. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10507-9. [PMID: 39186129 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BPV-2 infection can cause bladder infections in cattle that, when associated with bracken fern consumption, can progress to cancerous bladder tumors and also present as bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH). This study aimed to evaluate the prolonged natural BPV-2 infection in the blood and urine of cattle, excluding bracken fern consumption. Thirteen Girolando papillomatosis-affected cattle with no bracken fern contact history were monitored for 20 months. Blood, urine, and wart samples were collected for BPV-2 detection and clinical laboratory analyses. All animals showed the presence of BPV-2 in papillomas and blood, and 92.85% showed BPV-2 in urine, suggesting viral dissemination in the urinary tract. Despite all animals being infected with BPV-2, none showed BEH signs during the study. Thus, it was observed that BPV-2 infection alone didn't induce BEH over 20 months, implying a complex interaction with environmental factors or genetic predisposition. This underlines bracken fern consumption's critical role in urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The study underscores BEH's pathogenesis complexity, advocating longitudinal studies to comprehend BPV-2's role fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Tibúrcio-Júnior
- Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235 -Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Patricia G Carrazzoni
- Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, Av. General San Martin, 1371 Bongi, Recife, 50761-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Tenorio-Filho
- Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, Av. General San Martin, 1371 Bongi, Recife, 50761-000, Brazil
| | - Nayara E Pontes
- Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235 -Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ryan V Alves
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Paraíba - IFPB, Av Santa Rita de Cássia, 1900, Cabedelo, 58.015-430, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235 -Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Maria Angélica Ramos Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235 -Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Paraíba - IFPB, Av Santa Rita de Cássia, 1900, Cabedelo, 58.015-430, Brazil
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3
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Hsieh TYJ, Chen TYT, Liao PL, Huang JY, Ma KSK, Hung YM, Chang R, Wei JCC. Maternal human papillomavirus infection and the risk of congenital malformations: A nationwide population-based cohort study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29549. [PMID: 38563352 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has explored theories regarding the vertical transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its association with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, the impact of maternal HPV infection on congenital anomalies (CAs) in offspring remains relatively understudied. We conducted a population-based cohort study linking the Taiwan Birth Registry, Taiwan Death Registry, and National Health Insurance Research Database, in which newborns born in Taiwan between 2009 and 2015 were included. We established a maternal HPV infection cohort comprising 37 807 newborns and matched them with a comparison group of 151 228 newborns at a 1:4 ratio based on index year, age, and sex. The study examined a composite outcome and subgroups of different types of congenital malformations. Differences in cumulative incidence of CAs were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regressions. No significant association was found between HPV infection and the broad spectrum of CAs (aHR: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.10; log-rank test p = 0.14). However, we observed a 19% increased risk of musculoskeletal CAs in the maternal HPV infection group (aHR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05-1.34) compared to those without maternal HPV exposure. Other factors, including the type of HPV (aHR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.16-2.63), the timing of exposure (during or before pregnancy), and maternal age (aHR for <30 years: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.94-1.1; aHR for 30-39 years: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99-1.11; aHR for ≥40 years: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.67-1.17), did not significantly affect the risk for any CA. In conclusion, gestation detection of HPV infection was associated with musculoskeletal CAs but not other major CAs. Prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the necessity of prenatal screening in populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Yi Jin Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Yen Ting Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Liao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Health Data Science, Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Health Data Science, Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yao-Min Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taitung Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program in Biomedicine, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
- College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Renin Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Recreation and Sports Management, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Conceição Gomes Nascimento K, Gonçalves Lima É, Mota Nunes Z, Rêgo Barros Júnior M, de Aragão Batista MV, Lucena Araujo AR, da Costa Silva Neto J, Simas Chagas B, Almeida Diniz Gurgel AP, de Freitas AC. Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Paired Peripheral Blood and Cervix Samples in Patients with Cervical Lesions and Healthy Individuals. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215209. [PMID: 34768729 PMCID: PMC8584517 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the presence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in the cervix and peripheral blood of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I, II, and III) and healthy individuals. Overall, 139 paired peripheral blood and cervix samples of healthy women and women with CIN I, II, and III (n = 68) were tested for HPV DNA by using standard procedures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing determined HPV types. Quantification of HPV16 E6 and E2 genes was performed to determine viral load and physical state. HPV DNA was detected in the cervix (21.1% in healthy individuals; 48.8–55.5% in CIN patients), blood (46.4% in healthy individuals; 44.1–77.7% in CIN patients) and paired peripheral blood and cervix samples (24% in healthy individuals; 32.5–44.4% in CIN patients). The most frequent types found in the cervix were HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 58, and 70, while HPV16, 18, 33, 58, and 66 were the most frequent types found in the blood. HPV DNA in the cervix was associated with previous sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (p = 0.023; OR: 2.978; CI:1.34–7.821), HPV DNA in the blood (p = 0.000; OR: 8.283; CI:3.700–18.540), and cervical lesions (CIN I/II or III) (p = 0.007). Binomial logistic regression showed that HPV DNA in the blood (p = 0.000; OR: 9.324; CI:3.612–24.072) and cervical lesions (p = 0.011; OR: 3.622; CI:1.338–9.806) were associated with HPV DNA in the cervix. However, we did not find an association between HPV DNA in the blood and cervical lesions (p = 0.385). Our results showed that only HPV DNA found in the cervix was associated with cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamylla Conceição Gomes Nascimento
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (K.C.G.N.); (É.G.L.); (M.R.B.J.); (B.S.C.); (A.C.d.F.)
| | - Élyda Gonçalves Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (K.C.G.N.); (É.G.L.); (M.R.B.J.); (B.S.C.); (A.C.d.F.)
| | - Zhilbelly Mota Nunes
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (LAGEM), Department of Engineering and Environment, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58297-000, Brazil;
| | - Marconi Rêgo Barros Júnior
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (K.C.G.N.); (É.G.L.); (M.R.B.J.); (B.S.C.); (A.C.d.F.)
| | - Marcus Vinícius de Aragão Batista
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (GMBio), Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Bárbara Simas Chagas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (K.C.G.N.); (É.G.L.); (M.R.B.J.); (B.S.C.); (A.C.d.F.)
| | - Ana Pavla Almeida Diniz Gurgel
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics (LAGEM), Department of Engineering and Environment, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58297-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (K.C.G.N.); (É.G.L.); (M.R.B.J.); (B.S.C.); (A.C.d.F.)
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5
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Reis DRA, Medeiros-Fonseca B, Costa JM, de Oliveira Neto CP, Gil da Costa RM, Oliveira PA, Medeiros R, Bastos MMSM, Brito HO, Brito LMO. HPV infection as a risk factor for atherosclerosis: A connecting hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109979. [PMID: 32570162 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atheromatous plaques occurring in large arteries are common and life-threatening lesions. Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of atheromatous plaques, such as hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemia, high blood pressure and chronic systemic inflammation. Recent findings have suggested that infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) may increase the risk of developing atheromatous plaques. However, HPV is considered a tissue-specific virus with a strong tropism towards squamous epithelial cells, and the mechanisms whereby it may promote the development of atheromas remain unclear. Here, we propose a connecting hypothesis to explain the possible causative role of HPV on atheroma development. We hypothesize that HPV infection may promote atheroma formation in infected patients by enhancing systemic inflammation or by directly targeting blood vessels via nucleic acids carried by extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. The pro-inflammatory effects of HPV and the release of extracellular vesicles by HPV-transformed cells are well documented in scientific literature. Possible experimental approaches to test this hypothesis are also discussed, especially experiments employing transgenic mice bearing HPV16 transgenes. If correct, this hypothesis would have major implications for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, especially due to the preventable nature of HPV infection through vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R A Reis
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - B Medeiros-Fonseca
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - J M Costa
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - C P de Oliveira Neto
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - R M Gil da Costa
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil; Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - P A Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - R Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Research Dept., Portuguese League Against Cancer - Regional Nucleus of the North, Porto, Portugal; Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
| | - M M S M Bastos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H O Brito
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - L M O Brito
- Tumor and DNA Biobank, Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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6
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Vergara N, Balanda M, Vidal D, Roldán F, S Martín H, Ramírez E. Detection and quantitation of human papillomavirus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood donors. J Med Virol 2019; 91:2009-2015. [PMID: 31317547 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent of cervical cancer. Also, HPV has been associated with anogenital cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, genital warts, and other dermatological diseases. HPV infects epithelial cells and their replication is closely linked to epithelial differentiation. The presence of HPV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) has been reported in some patients with head and neck cancer, cervical cancer, and other genital diseases. However, the presence of HPV DNA in blood in asymptomatic subjects is still unresolved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of HPV DNA in PBMC from asymptomatic blood donors. Blood samples were collected from 207 healthy Chilean blood donors. Genomic DNA was extracted from PBMC and HPV DNA detection was performed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays with GP5+/6+ primers. HPV typing was carried out by genetic sequencing of a 140 to 150 bp fragment of the L1 gene. HPV DNA was detected in 6.8% (14/207) of blood donors. Single HPV infections were detected in seven blood donors. High-risk HPV was found in 6.3% (13/207) of cases: nine blood donors were infected with HPV-16, five with HPV-18, two with HPV-51, and one case was infected with either 32, 33, 45, 59, 66, 70, or 82. The median viral load value was 21.3 copies/mL blood or 13.4 HPV (+) cells per 10 4 PBMC. These results show that HPV DNA is present in PBMC from healthy blood donors and it suggests that blood could be a new route of HPV dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Vergara
- Sección Virus Oncogénicos, Subdepto. de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Dirección de Atención Primaria Santiago, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Monserrat Balanda
- Sección Virus Oncogénicos, Subdepto. de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Deyanira Vidal
- Sección Virus Oncogénicos, Subdepto. de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Roldán
- Sección Virus Oncogénicos, Subdepto. de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor S Martín
- Sección Virus Oncogénicos, Subdepto. de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio Ramírez
- Sección Virus Oncogénicos, Subdepto. de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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Roperto S, Russo V, De Falco F, Rosati A, Catoi C, Roperto F. FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy in bovine papillomavirus-infected urothelial cells. Vet Microbiol 2019; 234:51-60. [PMID: 31213272 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
E5 protein, the major oncoprotein of the bovine Deltapapillomavirus genus, has been detected in 17 of the 19 urothelial cancers by molecular and morphological procedures. In 10 urothelial cancers, the oxygen sensitive subunit HIF-1α, which is upregulated by hypoxia, was overexpressed. Mitophagy, the selective autophagic removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, was upregulated in hypoxic neoplastic cells infected by BPVs which was mediated by FUNDC1, a mitochondrial outer-membrane protein. The FUNDC1 receptor was amplified by PCR, and amplicon sequencing showed a 100% homology with bovine FUNDC1 sequences deposited in GenBank (accession number: NM_001104982). Both transcripts and protein levels of FUNDC1 were significantly decreased in hypoxic neoplastic cells relative to healthy, non-neoplastic cells. FUNDC1 interacted with the LC3 protein, a marker of autophagosome (mitophagosome) membrane, the Hsc70/Hsp70 chaperone, and Bag3 co-chaperone. Bag3 may play a role in mitophagosome formation together with the Synpo2 protein, and may be involved in the degradation of Hsc70/Hsp70-bound CHIP-ubiquitinated cargoes, in association with its chaperone. Ultrastructural findings revealed the presence of mitochondria exhibiting severe fragmentation and loss of cristae, as well as numerous mitochondria-containing autophagosomes. Total and phosphorylated GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), which plays a crucial role in mitochondrial fission, a pre-requisite for mitophagy, was overexpressed at the mitochondrial level. Total and phosphorylated mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1), mitochondrial dynamics 51 (MiD51), and MiD49, which are DRP1 receptors responsible and/or co-responsible for its mitochondrial recruitment were overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca De Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Chirurgia ed Odontoiatria, Schola Medica Salernitana, Università di Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Cornel Catoi
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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8
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Bassi PB, Araujo FF, Garcia GC, Costa E Silva MF, Bittar ER, Bertonha CM, Martins-Filho OA, Araujo MSS, Bittar JF. Haematological and immunophenotypic evaluation of peripheral blood cells of cattle naturally infected with bovine papillomavirus. Vet J 2019; 244:112-115. [PMID: 30825886 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are among the most widespread animal viruses, with many hosts harbouring multiple virus types. The present study aimed to evaluate the haematological and immunophenotypic profile of cattle infected with bovine papillomavirus (BPV). Blood samples were collected from 10 animals with clinical cutaneous BPV and without clinical papillomatosis (control). Haematological analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in haemoglobin and haematocrit for BPV-infected animals. The results also showed an increase of natural killer cells and a decrease of γδ+ T-cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio for the BPV group when compared to the control group. The infection was also found to stimulate a pro-inflammatory profile with the participation of CD8+T cells producing elevated IFN-γ and IL-17. These findings, although preliminary, provide a better understanding of the immune response of cattle infected with BPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula B Bassi
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Araujo
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil.; Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima nº 1715, 30190-002, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C Garcia
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus F Costa E Silva
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil.; Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima nº 1715, 30190-002, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Eustaquio R Bittar
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil
| | - Candice M Bertonha
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo A Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima nº 1715, 30190-002, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Marcio Sobreira Silva Araujo
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil.; Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima nº 1715, 30190-002, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil..
| | - Joely F Bittar
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos - Avenida Nenê Sabino 1697/1698, 38055-500, Uberaba-MG, Brazil
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9
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Savini F, Gallina L, Mazza F, Mariella J, Castagnetti C, Scagliarini A. Molecular Detection of Bovine Papillomavirus DNA in the Placenta and Blood of Healthy Mares and Respective Foals. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6010014. [PMID: 30736349 PMCID: PMC6466198 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the characteristic species specificity of Papillomaviruses (PVs), the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1, 2, and-more rarely-13, can cross-infect equids, where they are involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoid neoplasms. Sarcoids are locally invasive fibroblastic skin tumors that represent the most common skin neoplasms in horses worldwide. The transmission mechanism of BPV is still controversial in horses. Thus far, direct and indirect routes have been implicated, while vertical transmission has been suggested after the detection of viral DNA in the semen of healthy stallions. Testing of the blood and placenta of non-sarcoid baring mares and their respective foals revealed that the equine placenta can harbor BPV DNA, leading us to speculate a possible prenatal vertical DNA transmission in equids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Laura Gallina
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mazza
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
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10
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Roperto S, Russo V, De Falco F, Taulescu M, Roperto F. Congenital papillomavirus infection in cattle: Evidence for transplacental transmission. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:95-100. [PMID: 30827412 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vertical transmission of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection was investigated on livers and kidneys of four foetuses from cows suffering from BPV-2-associated urothelial cancers of the urinary bladder. PCR analysis revealed the presence of BPV-2 E5 DNA in the livers and kidneys of two foetuses. Amplified DNA fragments, composed of 502 bp, showed a 100% homology with BPV-2 sequences (GenBank accession number: M20219.1). BPV-2 was found to be transcriptionally active. Indeed, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR showed BPV-2 E5 transcripts. Sequencing of amplified cDNA, composed of 154 bp, showed a 100% identity with BPV-2 E5 sequences (GenBank accession number: M20219.1). Western blot analysis revealed the presence of dimers of E5 oncoprotein. Furthermore, a statistically significant increase of the phosphorylated (activated) form of the platelet-derived growth factor ß receptor (PDGFßR) was also detected in the fetal tissues. PDGFßR is believed to form the most important interaction with the E5 oncoprotein, thus regulating biological activity of virus protein. The strong concordance between virus found in fetal organs with virus detected in infected mothers provides evidence that BPV-2 can spread through blood and vertical infection occurs via transplacental transmission. Finally, molecular findings of this study raise unsolved questions about the potential role of BPVs in reproductive disorders. The presence of E5 oncoprotein, as in adult organs, may also activate the constitutive receptor PDGFßR in foetal organs, which plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis and embryonic development. Therefore, abnormal phosphorylation of PDGFßR may be involved in vascular and organogenesis abnormalities other than cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca De Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marian Taulescu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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11
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Hatama S, Murakami K, Yamamoto S, Kadota K. Detection of bovine papillomavirus type 2 DNA in calf conjunctival myofibroblastoma. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1544-1548. [PMID: 30158370 PMCID: PMC6207528 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-month-old male Japanese Black calf was referred for the evaluation of a slow-growing
conjunctival mass in the right eye. A superficial keratectomy was performed followed by
recurrence on two occasions. No metastases were found in surrounding tissues.
Histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural investigation revealed that both
the primary and the recurrent lesions were benign, conjunctival, myofibroblastomas.
Interestingly, bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) DNA was detected in both
myofibroblastoma lesions. Archival bovine myofibroblastomas from the vulva and neck were
also analyzed for papillomaviral genomes. BPV-2 DNA was also amplified from these lesions.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing a potential causal
relationship between BPV-2 infection and conjunctival myofibroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hatama
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Kenji Murakami
- Nakasorachi NOSAI, 1-5-14 Omachi, Takikawa, Hokkaido 073-0022, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamamoto
- Souya Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 8-3 Midorigaoka, Hamatonbetsu, Esashi, Hokkaido 098-5738, Japan
| | - Koichi Kadota
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan
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12
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Araldi RP, Sant’Ana TA, Módolo DG, de Melo TC, Spadacci-Morena DD, de Cassia Stocco R, Cerutti JM, de Souza EB. The human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer biology: An overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1537-1556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Daudt C, Da Silva FRC, Lunardi M, Alves CBDT, Weber MN, Cibulski SP, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA, Canal CW. Papillomaviruses in ruminants: An update. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1381-1395. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Daudt
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal do Acre; Rio Branco AC Brazil
| | - F. R. C. Da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal do Acre; Rio Branco AC Brazil
| | - M. Lunardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária; Hospital Escola Veterinário; Universidade de Cuiabá; Várzea Grande MT Brazil
| | - C. B. D. T. Alves
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - M. N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - S. P. Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - A. F. Alfieri
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - A. A. Alfieri
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
- Laboratório Multiusuário em Saúde Animal; Unidade de Biologia Molecular; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - C. W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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14
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Roperto S, Russo V, Corrado F, Munday JS, De Falco F, Roperto F. Detection of bovine Deltapapillomavirus DNA in peripheral blood of healthy sheep (Ovis aries). Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:758-764. [PMID: 29330926 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blood samples from 65 sheep were tested for the presence of bovine Deltapapillomavirus (δPVs) DNA. The sheep were divided into three groups. Sheep in groups 1 and 2 were from Sardinia and Campania, respectively, and were in contact with cattle and grazed on lands contaminated with bracken fern. Sheep in Group 3 lived in closed pens and had no contact with cattle. These sheep were fed hay that did not contain bracken fern. Bovine δPV E5 DNA was detected in blood from 24 of 27 (89%) sheep in Group 1. A single bovine δPV type was detected in the blood from nine (33%) sheep, including the detection of bovine δPV-1 DNA in four sheep, bovine δPV-2 in four and δPV-13 in one sheep. Two δPV types were detected in 33% of the sheep, and three bovine δPV types were detected in 22% of the sheep. Bovine δPVs were detected in 17 of 20 (85%) sheep from Group 2. The detection rate by a single δPV type was 40% with just δPV-1 DNA amplified from two, just δPV-2 DNA from four, and just δPV-13 DNA from two sheep. Two and three δPVs were detected in 30% and 15%, respectively. All sequenced amplicons showed a 100% identity with papillomaviral E5 DNA deposited in GenBank. Bovine δPV-14 DNA sequences were not detected from any sheep. No bovine δPV DNA was revealed in blood samples from sheep in Group 3. The detection of bovine δPV DNA in the blood of sheep means that sheep may be able to be infected by these PVs. This suggests that bovine δPVs could potentially be a previously unrecognized cause of disease in sheep. Furthermore, it is possible that sheep could act as a reservoir for these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - V Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - F Corrado
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici (Na), Italia
| | - J S Munday
- Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - F De Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - F Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
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15
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Human papillomavirus DNA detection in plasma and cervical samples of women with a recent history of low grade or precancerous cervical dysplasia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188592. [PMID: 29182627 PMCID: PMC5705130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating HPV DNA has been previously described in women with advanced stages of cervical cancer and has been suggested to be a prognostic marker of disease recurrences and metastases. Only a few studies have reported the presence of HPV DNA in bloodstream of patients with low grade or precancerous cervical lesions. This study aimed to define if HPV DNA could be detected in plasma samples of 120 women referred for a recent history of cervical dysplasia who presented with lesions ranging from High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (H-SIL) to regressed normal cytology. HPV DNA detection was carried out in both plasma and cervical samples using type-specific real-time quantitative PCR assays identifying oncogenic HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 51 and 52. Overall, 34.2% (41/120) of plasma samples were shown to be positive for HPV DNA detection; HPV 45 (46.3%), HPV-51 (29.6%), and HPV 16 (18.5%) were the most frequently identified genotypes. The rate of HPV detection in paired cervical and plasma samples increased with advancing disease stage, ranging from 15.4% in women with regressed lesions to 38.9% in women with HSIL; HPV 16 resulted the most common genotype identified in women found to be HPV DNA positive in both cervical and plasma samples. Moreover, HPV 16 showed the highest median viral load value in both cervical and plasma samples, with 48,313 copies/104 cells and 1,099 copies/ml, respectively. Results obtained in this study confirm that HPV DNA can be detected and quantified in plasma samples of women with asymptomatic cervical infection. Further knowledge on HPV dissemination through the blood stream of women with cervical lesions would be very important in better understanding the natural history of HPV infection as well as its potential role in other distant tumors.
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16
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Araldi RP, Assaf SMR, Carvalho RFD, Carvalho MACRD, Souza JMD, Magnelli RF, Módolo DG, Roperto FP, Stocco RDC, Beçak W. Papillomaviruses: a systematic review. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:1-21. [PMID: 28212457 PMCID: PMC5409773 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, a group of viruses has received great attention due to its
relationship with cancer development and its wide distribution throughout the
vertebrates: the papillomaviruses. In this article, we aim to review some of the most
relevant reports concerning the use of bovines as an experimental model for studies
related to papillomaviruses. Moreover, the obtained data contributes to the
development of strategies against the clinical consequences of bovine
papillomaviruses (BPV) that have led to drastic hazards to the herds. To overcome the
problem, the vaccines that we have been developing involve recombinant DNA
technology, aiming at prophylactic and therapeutic procedures. It is important to
point out that these strategies can be used as models for innovative procedures
against HPV, as this virus is the main causal agent of cervical cancer, the second
most fatal cancer in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Mazzuchelli de Souza
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Fiusa Magnelli
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Franco Peppino Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Willy Beçak
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Abel-Reichwald H, Hainisch EK, Zahalka S, Corteggio A, Borzacchiello G, Massa B, Merlone L, Nasir L, Burden F, Brandt S. Epidemiologic analysis of a sarcoid outbreak involving 12 of 111 donkeys in Northern Italy. Vet Microbiol 2016; 196:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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ATASEVEN VS, KANAT Ö, ERGÜN Y. Molecular identification of bovine papillomaviruses in dairy and beef cattle: first description of Xi- and Epsilonpapillomavirus in Turkey. TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1512-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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McInnes E, Bennett M, O'Hara M, Rasmussen L, Fung P, Nicholls P, Slaven M, Stevenson R. Intranuclear Inclusions in Renal Tubular Epithelium in Immunodeficient Mice Stain with Antibodies for Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 L1 Protein. Vet Sci 2015; 2:84-96. [PMID: 29061933 PMCID: PMC5644623 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci2020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys from six immunodeficient mice examined by Cerberus Sciences and the Animal Resources Centre, displayed karyomegaly with pale eosinophilic, intranuclear inclusions upon histopathological examination. Electron microscopy performed on kidney tissue from 5/6 mice demonstrated margination of the chromatin in large nuclei. Laboratory tests were used to detect nucleic acid of papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, circoviruses and anelloviruses (4/6 mice), a specific PCR was used to detect murine polyomavirus (1/6), and a panel of serological tests was used to detect seroconversion to major murine pathogens (1/6). All molecular and serological tests were negative. Immunohistochemistry using polyclonal anti-bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) L1 antibody, Camvir monoclonal anti-papillomavirus antibody (directed against the seven amino acids GFGAMDF found in human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 L1 protein), a commercially available mixture of two monoclonal antibodies, anti-BPV-1 L1/1H8 + Camvir antibodies, and a monoclonal anti-Hsc70 antibody revealed specific, positive staining of murine renal tubular epithelial intranuclear inclusions in 6/6 mice using the anti-BPV-1 L1 containing antibodies only. Methyl pyronin green, PAS and Feulgen histochemical reactions revealed that the intranuclear inclusions did not consist of RNA, DNA or carbohydrate. An immunohistochemical method now exists that can be used to confirm and evaluate suspected cases of murine inclusion body nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McInnes
- Cerberus Sciences, Unit 3, 49 Holland Street, Thebarton, SA 5031, Australia.
| | - Mark Bennett
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Mandy O'Hara
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Lorna Rasmussen
- Cerberus Sciences, Unit 3, 49 Holland Street, Thebarton, SA 5031, Australia.
| | - Peony Fung
- Cerberus Sciences, Unit 3, 49 Holland Street, Thebarton, SA 5031, Australia.
| | - Philip Nicholls
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Michael Slaven
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Robert Stevenson
- Cerberus Sciences, Unit 3, 49 Holland Street, Thebarton, SA 5031, Australia.
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20
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Cota JB, Peleteiro MC, Petti L, Tavares L, Duarte A. Detection and quantification of bovine papillomavirus type 2 in urinary bladders and lymph nodes in cases of Bovine Enzootic Hematuria from the endemic region of Azores. Vet Microbiol 2015; 178:138-43. [PMID: 26003566 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine Enzootic Hematuria (BEH) is a disease with a severe impact on production indexes and characterized by the development of bovine urinary bladder tumors, particularly in the Azores archipelago. The purpose of this study was to investigate and quantify BPV2 tissue distribution in bovine urinary bladder tumors, normal bladders, and iliac lymph nodes of cattle from the Azores. A real-time PCR system targeting the L1 gene was developed and allowed for the specific detection of the virus. BPV2 DNA was detected in a large proportion of the samples tested, both from neoplastic and healthy tissues, indicating that this virus is very prevalent in the bovine population of the Azores. Moreover, all types of tissues tested were positive, confirming a wide viral distribution within the infected animal. Bovine cutaneous papillomas sampled from Portuguese mainland dairy cattle were used as controls. Viral load ranged between 2.2×10(4) copies/cell in the skin papillomas, and 0.0002 copies/cell in the urinary bladders tumors from the Azores. This is the first report presenting quantitative data on BPV2 infection in bovine urinary bladder lesions from the Azores. This approach will provide a useful tool to evaluate the role of BPV2 not only in the pathogenesis BEH but also in cell transformation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- João B Cota
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria C Peleteiro
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lisa Petti
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Luís Tavares
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Duarte
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Roperto S, Russo V, Leonardi L, Martano M, Corrado F, Riccardi MG, Roperto F. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 13 Expression in the Urothelial Bladder Tumours of Cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:628-634. [PMID: 25597262 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus type 13 (BPV-13), a novel Deltapapillomavirus, has been found associated with urothelial tumours of the urinary bladder of cattle grazing on lands infested with bracken fern. BPV-13 was detected in 28 of 39 urothelial tumours. Diagnosis was based on sequencing of L1 and E5 amplicons from tumour samples. The nucleotide sequences generated from these amplicons showed a 100% homology with the sequences of BPV-13 L1 and E5 DNA found in Brazil from a fibropapilloma of the ear in a cow and from equine sarcoids in two horses. GenBank accession number of our representative BPV-13 sequences is JQ798171.1. Furthermore, mRNA encoding BPV-13 E5 oncoprotein was also documented, and its expression was also shown by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in the basal and suprabasal urothelial tumour cells. In twenty-three tumours, BPV-13 was simultaneously found with BPV-2, a Deltapapillomavirus genus, species 4. The latter virus was detected by amplifying and sequencing a 154-bp-sized DNA fragment of BPV-2 E5. In addition, BPV-13 by itself was seen to be expressed in five BPV-2-negative urothelial tumours. This study shows that BPV-13 is present in urothelial tumour cells thus sharing biological properties with BPV-1 and BPV-2. Although further studies are needed, BPV-13 appears to be another worldwide infectious agent responsible for a distressing disease causing severe economic losses in cattle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roperto
- Settore Malattie Infettive, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - V Russo
- Settore Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - L Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Martano
- Settore Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - F Corrado
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - M G Riccardi
- Settore Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - F Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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22
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Male infertility: a public health issue caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. Nat Rev Urol 2014; 11:672-87. [PMID: 25330794 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2014.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by several pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and protozoa, and can induce male infertility through multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Additionally, horizontal transmission of STD pathogens to sexual partners or vertical transmission to fetuses and neonates is possible. Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp., human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, HIV-1 and human cytomegalovirus have all been detected in semen from symptomatic and asymptomatic men with testicular, accessory gland and urethral infections. These pathogens are associated with poor sperm quality and decreased sperm concentration and motility. However, the effects of these STD agents on semen quality are unclear, as are the effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma spp., Treponema pallidum and Trichomonas vaginalis, because few studies have evaluated the influence of these pathogens on male infertility. Chronic or inadequately treated infections seem to be more relevant to infertility than acute infections are, although in many cases the exact aetiological agents remain unknown.
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Abstract
Fifty years ago, inoculation with bovine papillomavirus (BPV) was found to cause mesenchymal tumors of the skin in cattle and horses, as well as tumors of the bladder in cattle. Subsequent to these studies of BPVs, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) were found to cause cervical cancer resulting in intense research into papillomaviruses. During the past 50 years, the ways that HPVs and BPVs cause disease have been investigated, and both HPVs and BPVs have been associated with an increasingly diverse range of diseases. Herein, the biology, oncogenic mechanisms, and diseases associated with BPVs are compared with those of HPVs. As reviewed, there are currently significant differences between BPVs and HPVs. However, research 50 years ago into BPVs formed a prologue for the recognition that papillomaviruses have a significant role in human disease, and it is possible that future research may similarly reveal that BPVs are less different from HPVs than is currently recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Santos EUD, Silva MAR, Pontes NE, Coutinho LCA, Paiva SSL, Castro RS, Freitas AC. Detection of Different Bovine Papillomavirus Types and Co-infection in Bloodstream of Cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:e103-8. [PMID: 24889887 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is a diverse group of double-stranded DNA oncogenic viruses. BPVs are classically described as epitheliotropic, however, they have been detected in body fluids, such as blood and semen. The presence of BPV in these sites can have implications for the dissemination of BPV. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of BPV types in cattle blood. A total of 57 blood samples were analyzed by PCR using BPV type-specific primers to BPVs 1-6 and 8-10, and subsequent sequencing. Sequencing quality was determined using Staden package with Phred 20. Similarity analysis was performed with BioEdit and BLAST programs to assess the identity with known BPV types. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test. The results showed seven different types of BPVs in the blood, with the exception of BPV 5 and 9. This is the first study that demonstrates BPVs 3, 6, 8 and 10 DNA in cattle blood. BPVs 1 and 2 were the viral types most frequent in blood, while BPVs 4 and 10 were the least frequent types. All the samples showed co-infection by at least two BPV types. These data suggest that several BPV types may infect blood cells at the same time and demonstrate the possibility that the BPV infection in non-epithelial tissue can occur without restriction to one or two viral types. These results can contribute to future studies aimed at the control and prevention of papillomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E U D Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M A R Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - N E Pontes
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - L C A Coutinho
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - S S L Paiva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R S Castro
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A C Freitas
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Roperto S, Russo V, Borzacchiello G, Urraro C, Lucà R, Esposito I, Riccardi MG, Raso C, Gaspari M, Ceccarelli DM, Galasso R, Roperto F. Bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) E5 oncoprotein binds to the subunit D of the V₁-ATPase proton pump in naturally occurring urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder of cattle. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88860. [PMID: 24586417 PMCID: PMC3933332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Active infection by bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) was documented for fifteen urinary bladder tumors in cattle. Two were diagnosed as papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), nine as papillary and four as invasive urothelial cancers. Methods and Findings In all cancer samples, PCR analysis revealed a BPV-2-specific 503 bp DNA fragment. E5 protein, the major oncoprotein of the virus, was shown both by immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemical analysis. E5 was found to bind to the activated (phosphorylated) form of the platelet derived growth factor β receptor. PDGFβR immunoprecipitation from bladder tumor samples and from normal bladder tissue used as control revealed a protein band which was present in the pull-down from bladder cancer samples only. The protein was identified with mass spectrometry as “V1-ATPase subunit D”, a component of the central stalk of the V1-ATPase vacuolar pump. The subunit D was confirmed in this complex by coimmunoprecipitation investigations and it was found to colocalize with the receptor. The subunit D was also shown to be overexpressed by Western blot, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence also revealed that E5 oncoprotein was bound to the subunit D. Conclusion For the first time, a tri-component complex composed of E5/PDGFβR/subunit D has been documented in vivo. Previous in vitro studies have shown that the BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein binds to the proteolipid c ring of the V0-ATPase sector. We suggest that the E5/PDGFβR/subunit D complex may perturb proteostasis, organelle and cytosol homeostasis, which can result in altered protein degradation and in autophagic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Malattie Infettive, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
- * E-mail:
| | - Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Chiara Urraro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Roberta Lucà
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Iolanda Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Marita Georgia Riccardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Cinzia Raso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italia
| | - Dora Maria Ceccarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Rocco Galasso
- Unit of clinical epidemiology, biostatistic and cancer registry, IRCCS CROB, Rionero in Vulture (Potenza), Italia
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
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Stocco RDC, Roperto FP, Nasir L, Sircili MP. Oncogenic processes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:879013. [PMID: 24551854 PMCID: PMC3914301 DOI: 10.1155/2014/879013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cassia Stocco
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500 Butantã, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Franco Peppino Roperto
- Department of Biology, Naples University Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Lubna Nasir
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Marcelo Palma Sircili
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500 Butantã, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Silva MAR, Silva ECB, Gurgel APAD, Nascimento KCG, Freitas AC. Bovine papillomavirus E2 and E5 gene expression in sperm cells of healthy bulls. Virusdisease 2014; 25:125-8. [PMID: 24426320 PMCID: PMC3889234 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are found in epithelial lesions and are linked to different carcinogenic processes in humans and other animals. Although BPV has been characterized as epitheliotropic, the presence of viral DNA has been detected in other tissues and fluids, such as fresh semen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and expression of BPV in sperm cells of bulls (Bos taurus) asymptomatic for papillomatosis. A PCR assay was carried out with specific primers to test BPV2 in 26 semen samples. The presence of BPV transcripts was assessed by RT-PCR to E2 and E5 genes. BPV2 DNA was detected in nine out of 26 samples and the expression of E2 and E5 were detected in five out of nine BPV positive samples. This is the first record of BPV2 expression in bull sperm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. R. Silva
- />Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - E. C. B. Silva
- />Laboratório de Andrologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - A. P. A. D. Gurgel
- />Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - K. C. G. Nascimento
- />Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - A. C. Freitas
- />Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
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Foresta C, Bertoldo A, Garolla A, Pizzol D, Mason S, Lenzi A, De Toni L. Human papillomavirus proteins are found in peripheral blood and semen Cd20+ and Cd56+ cells during HPV-16 semen infection. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:593. [PMID: 24341689 PMCID: PMC3878630 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) currently represents an important risk factor for cancer development and infertility in humans. Whilst binding of HPV to spermatozoa has been associated with male infertility, an investigation about the presence of HPV-DNA in non-spermatozoal semen cells is lacking. Previous findings documented the presence of HPV in peripheral blood leukocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of HPV markers in semen and blood leukocytes during HPV-16 infection. Methods A total of 32 subjects, 16 patients affected by HPV-16 semen infection and 16 controls, were evaluated in our andrological centre and enrolled in the study. Semen non-spermatozoal cells from all subjects were isolated and evaluated for the expression of HPV-16 markers (DNA and L1, E6 proteins) and further characterized for their molecular phenotype. Analogue determination was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results The presence of HPV-DNA by FISH analysis in a round cell population from semen, confirmed to be CD45+ leukocytes, was observed. These HPV-DNA containing-cells also displayed HPV-16-E6 and HPV-16-L1 viral proteins and, upon further investigation, were found to be CD20+ and CD56+, likely phenotypes of B cells and natural killer cells (NK) respectively. In 25% of the patient group, a very small population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found to be positive for HPV-DNA via FISH. These cells displayed the CD20+ and CD56+ phenotype alike. None of the control subjects displayed HPV-DNA in either semen or peripheral blood. Conclusion Considering the role of CD20+ and CD56+ cell populations in the antiviral immune response, the detection of HPV markers on leukocytes may reflect the presence of virus particles within the endosomal compartment. However, the presence of HPV markers in circulating mononuclear cells raise concerns about the risk of developing cancers to distal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Foresta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy.
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29
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Papillomavirus associated diseases of the horse. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:159-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sarcoid-derived fibroblasts: links between genomic instability, energy metabolism and senescence. Biochimie 2013; 97:163-72. [PMID: 24148276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV-1) is a well recognized etiopathogenetic factor in a cancer-like state in horses, namely equine sarcoid disease. Nevertheless, little is known about BPV-1-mediated cell transforming effects. It was shown that BPV-1 triggers genomic instability through DNA hypomethylation and oxidative stress. In the present study, we further characterized BPV-1-positive fibroblasts derived from sarcoid tumors. The focus was on cancer-like features of sarcoid-derived fibroblasts, including cell cycle perturbation, comprehensive DNA damage analysis, end-replication problem, energy metabolism and oncogene-induced premature senescence. The S phase of the cell cycle, polyploidy events, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and DNA single strand breaks (SSBs) were increased in BPV-1-positive cells compared to control fibroblasts. BPV-1-mediated oxidative stress may contribute to telomere dysfunction in sarcoid-derived fibroblasts. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and concurrent elevation in intracellular ATP production may be a consequence of changes in energy-supplying pathways in BPV-1-positive cells which is also typical for cancer cells. Shifts in energy metabolism may support rapid proliferation in cells infected by BPV-1. Nevertheless, sarcoid-derived fibroblasts representing a heterogeneous cell fraction vary in some aspects of metabolic phenotype due to a dual role of BPV-1 in cell transformation and oncogene-induced premature senescence. This was shown with increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Taken together, metabolic phenotypes in sarcoid-derived fibroblasts are plastic, which are similar to greater plasticity of cancer tissues than normal tissues.
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31
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Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. Bovine papillomavirus: opening new trends for comparative pathology. Arch Virol 2013; 159:191-8. [PMID: 23929231 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For many years, research on bovine papillomavirus (BPV) has contributed to the understanding of papillomavirus-induced pathology in humans and animals. The present review shows how recent studies on BPV keep providing evidence concerning key points in viral infection, such as the expression of viral proteins in lymphocytes and the occurrence of productive infections of the placenta. Studies on BPV-induced tumours also provide important information concerning the mechanisms of oncogenesis and immune evasion, as in the cases of connexin 43 down-regulation with loss of intercellular gap junctions and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) down-regulation in equine sarcoids. The biological functions of viral proteins are also being further clarified, as in the case of E2, which was recently shown to load BPV genomes into host chromosomes during the S phase, a process mediated by the ChlR1 protein. In the near future, the ongoing efforts to characterize and classify additional emerging BPV types are likely to broaden even further the possibilities for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M Gil da Costa
- Laboratory for Process, Environmental and Energy Engineering (LEPAE), Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal,
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Molecular epidemiology of bovine papillomatosis and the identification of a putative new virus type in Brazilian cattle. Vet J 2013; 197:368-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bovine papillomavirus clastogenic effect analyzed in comet assay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:630683. [PMID: 23956996 PMCID: PMC3728492 DOI: 10.1155/2013/630683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is an oncogenic virus related to serious livestock diseases. Oncoproteins encoded by BPV are involved in several steps of cellular transformation and have been reported as presenting clastogenic effects in peripheral lymphocytes and primary culture cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clastogenic potential of BPV types 1, 2, and 4 by comet assay. Peripheral blood was collected from 37 bovines, 32 infected with different levels of papillomatosis (12 animals have no affection) and five calves, virus free (negative control). The viral identification showed presence of more than one virus type in 59.375% of the infected animals. Comet assay was performed according to alkaline technique. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistical difference between the negative control group and infected animals (P = 0.0015). The Dunn post hoc test showed difference comparing the infected animals with calves. Mann-Whitney U test verified no difference between animals infected with only one viral type and animals presenting more than one viral type. The comet assay is considered an efficient tool for assessment of damage in the host chromatin due to viral action, specifically highlighting viral activity in blood cells.
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Bovine papillomavirus type 2 infection and a series of mesenchymal tumors of the urinary bladder in cattle. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:814635. [PMID: 23862156 PMCID: PMC3687770 DOI: 10.1155/2013/814635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the histopathology of two hundred and fifty-three mesenchymal tumors of the urinary bladder in cattle grazing on lands rich in bracken fern. Approximately 80% were hemangiomas and angiosarcomas. Hemangioma (capillary, cavernous, and large vessels) was the most frequent mesenchymal tumor and was more common than angiosarcoma. Although the appearance of endothelial cells can vary remarkably, epithelioid angiosarcomas, often containing multinucleated cells, were the most frequent malignant vascular tumors. Hemangiopericytoma and tumors of muscle and soft connective tissue origin, alone and/or in association with tumor-like lesions, were less frequently seen. Furthermore, forty-five cases of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), a lesion not previously reported in the urinary bladder of cattle, were also described.
Bovine papillomavirus type-2 DNA was amplified in tumor samples. Forty vascular tumors were investigated by dual-labeling immunofluorescence, and, for the first time, a coexpression of E5 and platelet-derived growth factor β
receptor (PDGFβR) was shown to occur. The results show that the BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein binds to the activated form of the PDGFβ receptor thus playing an important role in mesenchymal as well as epithelial carcinogenesis of the urinary bladder. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that BPV-2 infects both epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
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35
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DiMaio D, Petti LM. The E5 proteins. Virology 2013; 445:99-114. [PMID: 23731971 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The E5 proteins are short transmembrane proteins encoded by many animal and human papillomaviruses. These proteins display transforming activity in cultured cells and animals, and they presumably also play a role in the productive virus life cycle. The E5 proteins are thought to act by modulating the activity of cellular proteins. Here, we describe the biological activities of the best-studied E5 proteins and discuss the evidence implicating specific protein targets and pathways in mediating these activities. The primary target of the 44-amino acid BPV1 E5 protein is the PDGF β receptor, whereas the EGF receptor appears to be an important target of the 83-amino acid HPV16 E5 protein. Both E5 proteins also bind to the vacuolar ATPase and affect MHC class I expression and cell-cell communication. Continued studies of the E5 proteins will elucidate important aspects of transmembrane protein-protein interactions, cellular signal transduction, cell biology, virus replication, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, USA; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, USA; Yale Cancer Center, USA.
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Bovine papillomavirus type 2 infection and microscopic patterns of urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in water buffaloes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:937918. [PMID: 23762866 PMCID: PMC3674648 DOI: 10.1155/2013/937918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic patterns of thirty-four urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder of water buffaloes from the Marmara and Black Sea Regions of Turkey are here described. All the animals grazed on lands rich in bracken fern. Histological diagnosis was assessed using morphological parameters recently suggested for the urinary bladder tumors of cattle. Papillary carcinoma was the most common neoplastic lesion (22/34) observed in this study, and low-grade carcinoma was more common (seventeen cases) than high-grade carcinoma (five cases). Papilloma, papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), and invasive carcinomas were less frequently seen. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) was often detected associated with some papillary and invasive carcinomas. De novo (primary) CIS was rare representing 3% of tumors of this series. A peculiar feature of the most urothelial tumors was the presence in the tumor stroma of immune cells anatomically organized in tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs). Bovine papillomavirus type-2 (PV-2) E5 oncoprotein was detected by molecular and immunohistochemistry procedures. Early protein, E2, and late protein, L1, were also detected by immunohistochemical studies. Morphological and molecular findings show that BPV-2 infection contributes to the development of urothelial bladder carcinogenesis also in water buffaloes.
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37
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Silva MAR, Batista MVA, Pontes NE, Santos EUD, Coutinho LCA, Castro RS, Balbino VQ, Freitas AC. Comparison of two PCR strategies for the detection of bovine papillomavirus. J Virol Methods 2013; 192:55-8. [PMID: 23669103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is a diverse group of double-stranded DNA oncogenic viruses, which have been detected in epithelial lesions and body fluids. Most studies of BPV infection rely on a single method for DNA detection; however the use of any single method or technique may underestimate the true prevalence of this virus. The purpose of this study was to compare two PCR strategies for the detection of BPV in skin lesions and fluids: these involve the use of BPV type-specific and consensus primers. Seventy-two cutaneous lesions, 57 blood samples and 59 semen samples were collected. PCR was used with the FAP consensus primers and BPV type-specific primers (for BPVs 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 10), along with sequencing assays, to detect the BPV types. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out by means of the maximum likelihood method. It was found that both FAP and BPV type-specific primer sets could amplify BPV types of DNA in skin lesions, blood and semen samples. However, the BPV type-specific primers were more sensitive than the consensus primers and were able to detect co-infection of BPV in the samples. The consensus primers amplified five BPV types and were more suitable for detecting new putative BPV types. Thus, account should be taken of both PCR primer systems to identify co-infection, the presence of novel viruses, and avoid false-negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A R Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740521 Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Roperto S, Russo V, Ozkul A, Corteggio A, Sepici-Dincel A, Catoi C, Esposito I, Riccardi MG, Urraro C, Lucà R, Ceccarelli DM, Longo M, Roperto F. Productive infection of bovine papillomavirus type 2 in the urothelial cells of naturally occurring urinary bladder tumors in cattle and water buffaloes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62227. [PMID: 23667460 PMCID: PMC3646877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillomaviruses (PVs) are highly epitheliotropic as they usually establish productive infections within squamous epithelia of the skin, the anogenital tract and the oral cavity. In this study, early (E) and late (L) protein expression of bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) in the urothelium of the urinary bladder is described in cows and water buffaloes suffering from naturally occurring papillomavirus-associated urothelial bladder tumors. Methods and Findings E5 protein, the major oncoprotein of the BPV-2, was detected in all tumors. L1 DNA was amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced and confirmed to be L1 DNA. The major capsid protein, L1, believed to be only expressed in productive papillomavirus infection was detected by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical investigations confirmed the presence of L1 protein both in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells of the neoplastic urothelium. Finally, the early protein E2, required for viral DNA replication and known to be a pivotal factor for both productive and persistent infection, was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemically. Electron microscopic investigations detected electron dense particles, the shape and size of which are consistent with submicroscopic features of viral particles, in nuclei of neoplastic urothelium. Conclusion This study shows that both active and productive infections by BPV-2 in the urothelium of the bovine and bubaline urinary bladder can occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Sezione Malattie Infettive, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Freitas AC, Mariz FC, Silva MAR, Jesus ALS. Human papillomavirus vertical transmission: review of current data. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56:1451-6. [PMID: 23392393 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) vertical transmission, this route is regarded as less clinically important because of the detections of transient HPV DNA. However, recent studies have provided clear evidence of papillomavirus productive infection in lymphocytes, placenta, and bovine fetal tissue. Furthermore, a model of papillomavirus latency has been recently proposed that could explain the failure or transience in HPV detection observed in some infected infants. This new evidence of hematogeneous and vertical spread of HPV suggests that these modes of transmission should be investigated in greater detail to obtain a better understanding of the infection and a fuller awareness of the preventive measures that can be taken against HPV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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40
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Silva MAR, Silva KMG, Jesus ALS, Barros LO, Corteggio A, Altamura G, Borzacchiello G, Freitas AC. The presence and gene expression of bovine papillomavirus in the peripheral blood and semen of healthy horses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 61:329-33. [PMID: 23210736 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Papillomavirus (PV) are double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause both benignant and malignant tumours in mammals. Twelve genotypes of bovine papillomavirus (BPV1-12) have been identified so far. The presence of BPV1 and 2 has been found in the body fluids of cattle and horses. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of BPV DNA and the expression of viral genes in the blood and sperm cells of healthy horses using PCR and RT-PCR. BPV-1 or 2 was detected in 14 of 70 blood samples (20%) and in 11 of 31 semen samples (35%). In five of fourteen blood samples, the E5 expression tested positive, while no blood sample was positive for L1 expression. Four of 11 (36%) semen cell samples proved to be positive for E5 expression, while no gene expression in L1 could be detected. This is the first study that shows BPV1 gene expression in the blood and semen of healthy horses. Our data illustrate the need for a better understanding of the presence of BPV in non-epithelial tissues of horses and their role in the vertical and horizontal transmission of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A R Silva
- Department of Genetics, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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41
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Roperto S, Russo V, Ozkul A, Sepici-Dincel A, Maiolino P, Borzacchiello G, Marcus I, Esposito I, Riccardi MG, Roperto F. Bovine papillomavirus type 2 infects the urinary bladder of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and plays a crucial role in bubaline urothelial carcinogenesis. J Gen Virol 2012; 94:403-408. [PMID: 23100367 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.047662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) has been shown to infect and play a role in urinary bladder carcinogenesis of buffaloes grazed on pastures with ferns from the Marmara and Black Sea Regions of Turkey. BPV-2 DNA has been found in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder. Furthermore, this virus may be a normal inhabitant of the urinary bladder since BPV-2 DNA has also been detected in clinically normal buffaloes. The viral activation by fern immunosuppressant or carcinogen may trigger the urothelial cell transformation. The E5 oncoprotein was solely detected in urothelial tumours and appeared to be co-localized with the overexpressed and phosphorylated platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) β receptor in a double-colour immunofluorescence assay. Our results indicate that the E5-PDGF β receptor interaction also occurs in spontaneous tumours of the bubaline urinary bladder, revealing an additional role of BPV-2 in bladder carcinogenesis of buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Malattie Infettive, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ayhan Ozkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Sepici-Dincel
- Health Research and Practice Center, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ioan Marcus
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iolanda Esposito
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marita Georgia Riccardi
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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42
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Roperto S, Di Guardo G, Leonardi L, Pagnini U, Manco E, Paciello O, Esposito I, Borzacchiello G, Russo V, Maiolino P, Roperto F. Bacterial isolates from the urine of cattle affected by urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1361-6. [PMID: 22819732 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbiological investigations were performed on urine samples from 108 cows affected by urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder. Bacteria, frequently of mixed population, were isolated from 100 animals. Gram-positive bacteria prevailed, with Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. being the most common. Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp. were the most frequently recovered Gram-negative bacteria. E5 oncoprotein was detected in 86 of the 108 urothelial tumors under study. In the majority of cases, bacterial agents and BPV-2 E5 were simultaneously detected. A marked down-regulation of Tamm-Horsfall protein was also observed in the examined cases. In addition, the p65 subunit of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor appeared to be overexpressed. In all cases, a mild to severe chronic inflammation was evident in the stroma of urinary bladder tumors. Bacterial components may play a role in the activation of the NF-κB and might cause chronic inflammation resulting in an impaired ability to clear BPV-2 infection, thus cooperating with the virus in cancer development. As in man, therefore, bacteria could play both a direct and an indirect role in bovine bladder carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1-80137 Naples, Italy
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43
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Roperto S, Borzacchiello G, Esposito I, Riccardi M, Urraro C, Lucà R, Corteggio A, Tatè R, Cermola M, Paciello O, Roperto F. Productive infection of bovine papillomavirus type 2 in the placenta of pregnant cows affected with urinary bladder tumors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33569. [PMID: 22479413 PMCID: PMC3313941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are believed to be highly epitheliotropic as they usually establish productive infections within stratified epithelia. In vitro, various PVs appear to complete their entire life-cycle in different trophoblastic cell lines. In this study, infection by and protein expression of bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) in the uterine and chorionic epithelium of the placenta has been described in four cows suffering from naturally occurring papillomavirus-associated urothelial bladder tumors. E5 oncoprotein was detected both by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemically. It appears to be complexed and perfectly co-localized with the activated platelet-derived growth factor ß receptor (PDGFßR) by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The activated PDGFßR might be involved in organogenesis and neo-angiogenesis rather than in cell transformation during pregnancy. The major capsid protein, L1, believed to be only expressed in productive papillomavirus infection has been detected by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical investigations confirmed the presence of L1 protein both in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells of the uterine and chorionic epithelium. Trophoblastic cells appear to be the major target for L1 protein expression. Finally, the early protein E2, required for viral DNA replication and known to be expressed during a productive infection, has been detected by Western blot and immunohistochemically. Electron microscopic investigations detected viral particles in nuclei of uterine and chorionic epithelium. This study shows that both active and productive infections by BPV-2 in the placenta of pregnant cows can occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Naples University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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44
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Lu J, Verma SC, Cai Q, Saha A, Dzeng RK, Robertson ES. The RBP-Jκ binding sites within the RTA promoter regulate KSHV latent infection and cell proliferation. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002479. [PMID: 22253595 PMCID: PMC3257303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is tightly linked to at least two lymphoproliferative disorders, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). However, the development of KSHV-mediated lymphoproliferative disease is not fully understood. Here, we generated two recombinant KSHV viruses deleted for the first RBP-Jκ binding site (RTA1st) and all three RBP-Jκ binding sites (RTAall) within the RTA promoter. Our results showed that RTA1st and RTAall recombinant viruses possess increased viral latency and a decreased capability for lytic replication in HEK 293 cells, enhancing colony formation and proliferation of infected cells. Furthermore, recombinant RTA1st and RTAall viruses showed greater infectivity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) relative to wt KSHV. Interestingly, KSHV BAC36 wt, RTA1st and RTAall recombinant viruses infected both T and B cells and all three viruses efficiently infected T and B cells in a time-dependent manner early after infection. Also, the capability of both RTA1st and RTAall recombinant viruses to infect CD19+ B cells was significantly enhanced. Surprisingly, RTA1st and RTAall recombinant viruses showed greater infectivity for CD3+ T cells up to 7 days. Furthermore, studies in Telomerase-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial (TIVE) cells infected with KSHV corroborated our data that RTA1st and RTAall recombinant viruses have enhanced ability to persist in latently infected cells with increased proliferation. These recombinant viruses now provide a model to explore early stages of primary infection in human PBMCs and development of KSHV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is tightly linked to at least two lymphoproliferative disorders, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). The life cycle of KSHV consists of latent and lytic phase. RTA is the master switch for viral lytic replication. In this study, we first show that recombinant viruses deleted for the RBP-Jκ sites within the RTA promoter have a decreased capability for lytic replication, and thus enhanced colony formation and proliferation of infected cells. Interestingly, the recombinant viruses show greater infectivity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The recombinant viruses also infected CD19+ B cells and CD3+ T cells with increased efficiency in a time-dependent manner and now provide a model which can be used to explore the early stages of primary infection in human PBMCs, as well as the development of KSHV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Subhash C. Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Abhik Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard Kuo Dzeng
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Silva M, Pontes N, Da Silva K, Guerra M, Freitas A. Detection of bovine papillomavirus type 2 DNA in commercial frozen semen of bulls (Bos taurus). Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 129:146-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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46
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Hartl B, Hainisch EK, Shafti-Keramat S, Kirnbauer R, Corteggio A, Borzacchiello G, Tober R, Kainzbauer C, Pratscher B, Brandt S. Inoculation of young horses with bovine papillomavirus type 1 virions leads to early infection of PBMCs prior to pseudo-sarcoid formation. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:2437-2445. [PMID: 21715602 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.033670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 (BPV-1 and BPV-2) are known to induce common equine skin tumours, termed sarcoids. Recently, it was demonstrated that vaccination with BPV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) is safe and highly immunogenic in horses. To establish a BPV-1 challenge model for evaluation of the protective potential of BPV-1 VLPs, four foals were injected intradermally with infectious BPV-1 virions and with viral genome-based and control inocula, and monitored daily for tumour development. Blood was taken before inoculation and at weekly intervals. BPV-1-specific serum antibodies were detected by a pseudo-virion neutralization assay. Total nucleic acids extracted from tumours, intact skin and PBMCs were tested for the presence of BPV-1 DNA and mRNA using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Intralesional E5 oncoprotein expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Pseudo-sarcoids developed exclusively at sites inoculated with virions. Tumours became palpable 11-32 days after virion challenge, reached a size of ≤20 mm in diameter and then resolved in ≤6 months. No neutralizing anti-BPV-1 serum antibodies were detectable pre- or post-challenge. BPV-1 DNA was present in lesions but not in intact skin. In PBMCs, viral DNA was already detectable before lesions were first palpable, in concentrations correlating directly with tumour growth kinetics. PBMCs from two of two foals also harboured E5 mRNA. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of the E5 protein in tumour fibroblasts, but not in the apparently normal epidermis overlying the lesions. Together with previous findings obtained in horses and cows, these data suggest that papillomavirus infection may include a viraemic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hartl
- Division of Large Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, Equine Clinic, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Equine Clinic, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edmund K Hainisch
- Division of Large Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, Equine Clinic, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saeed Shafti-Keramat
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Kirnbauer
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Reinhard Tober
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Division of Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Kainzbauer
- Division of Large Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, Equine Clinic, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Equine Clinic, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Division of Large Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, Equine Clinic, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Equine Clinic, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Division of Large Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, Equine Clinic, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Equine Clinic, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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