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Raber J, Stagaman K, Kasschau KD, Davenport C, Lopes L, Nguyen D, Torres ER, Sharpton TJ, Kisby G. Behavioral and Cognitive Performance Following Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke (SHS) from Tobacco Products Associated with Oxidative-Stress-Induced DNA Damage and Repair and Disruption of the Gut Microbiome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1702. [PMID: 37761842 PMCID: PMC10531154 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to second-hand Smoke (SHS) remains prevalent. The underlying mechanisms of how SHS affects the brain require elucidation. We tested the hypothesis that SHS inhalation drives changes in the gut microbiome, impacting behavioral and cognitive performance as well as neuropathology in two-month-old wild-type (WT) mice and mice expressing wild-type human tau, a genetic model pertinent to Alzheimer's disease mice, following chronic SHS exposure (10 months to ~30 mg/m3). SHS exposure impacted the composition of the gut microbiome as well as the biodiversity and evenness of the gut microbiome in a sex-dependent fashion. This variation in the composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiome is also associated with several measures of cognitive performance. These results support the hypothesis that the gut microbiome contributes to the effect of SHS exposure on cognition. The percentage of 8-OHdG-labeled cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was also associated with performance in the novel object recognition test, consistent with urine and serum levels of 8-OHdG serving as a biomarker of cognitive performance in humans. We also assessed the effects of SHS on the percentage of p21-labeled cells, an early cellular marker of senescence that is upregulated in bronchial cells after exposure to cigarette smoke. Nuclear staining of p21-labeled cells was more prominent in larger cells of the prefrontal cortex and CA1 hippocampal neurons of SHS-exposed mice than in sham-exposed mice, and there was a significantly greater percentage of labelled cells in the prefrontal cortex and CA1 region of the hippocampus of SHS than air-exposed mice, suggesting that exposure to SHS may result in accelerated brain aging through oxidative-stress-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Departments of Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Keaton Stagaman
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.S.); (K.D.K.); (T.J.S.)
| | - Kristin D. Kasschau
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.S.); (K.D.K.); (T.J.S.)
| | - Conor Davenport
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (C.D.); (L.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Leilani Lopes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (C.D.); (L.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Dennis Nguyen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (C.D.); (L.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Eileen Ruth Torres
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.S.); (K.D.K.); (T.J.S.)
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Glen Kisby
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (C.D.); (L.L.); (D.N.)
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Yang L, Wan W, Xuan C, Yu C, Jin K, Zheng P, Yan J. Cohort study of the effects of occupation and environmental tobacco smoke on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease among seniors. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:18. [PMID: 36762262 PMCID: PMC9900477 DOI: 10.18332/tid/157208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disease caused by many factors including occupational and environmental factors. Secondhand smoke (SHS) can affect cognitive function. However, there is limited recent epidemiological research on how SHS and occupational factors affect AD in Zhejiang province. METHODS We established a cohort of an AD high-risk population. In 2018, a cohort of 1742 elderly aged ≥60 years was established. In 2020, the cohort was followed up, and a total of 1545 people participated in the two surveys. Data collection included demographic and economic information such as age, gender, occupation, education level etc., and relative health behavior information such as smoking, drinking and tea drinking, etc. Basic physical examination data included height, weight, blood pressure, etc. At the same time, related cognitive status was assessed. Cox proportional hazards regression models, both unadjusted and adjusted models, were used to determine associations between cohort characteristics and AD. RESULTS The results showed that SHS exposure and occupational characteristics were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairments in seniors. Subgroups who used to work as blue-collar workers, who never worked, who kept standing for most of the time at work, and who were engaged in hard physical labor prior to retirement, had high incidence rates of AD. CONCLUSIONS It was revealed that SHS, standing for most of the time and hard physical labor were associated risk factors of AD among seniors, compared with white-collar work. We recommend that the government establish a community supervisory mechanism to persuade smokers to quit or control smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Wan
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xuan
- Chronic Disease Control Department, Zhuji City People's Hospital, Zhuji, China
| | - Caiyan Yu
- Chronic Disease Control Department, Zhuji City People's Hospital, Zhuji, China
| | - Kailing Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinpin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Cheng J, Ji X, He L, Zhang Y, Xiao T, Geng Q, Wang Z, Qi S, Zhou F, Zhan J. Epidemiological Characteristics and Factors Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas of Hubei Province. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010028. [PMID: 36614829 PMCID: PMC9820890 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilize the prevalence, associated factors and population distribution of AD and MCI among residents of the Hubei province aged 60 years or over to prove that elderly people who study and communicate with others, take part in regular physical exercise and choose a healthy lifestyle, will prevent or slow the decline in cognitive ability. If elderly people study and communicate with others, take part in regular physical exercise and choose a healthy lifestyle, can prevent or slow the decline in cognitive ability. A cross-sectional study was used for the recruitment of subjects. The screened patients with AD and MCI were then selected as patients in a case−control study. A total of 4314 subjects were recruited into the study. The prevalence of AD and MCI was 1.44% and 10.04%, respectively. The prevalence of AD and MCI differed significantly as a function of age and gender (p < 0.05). The preventative factors for AD and MCI, separately, included a happy marriage (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.36−1.35) and higher education (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.55−0.78). The risk factors for AD and MCI, separately, included infrequent participation in social activities (OR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.60−1.66) and infrequent communication with children (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.09−1.69). The prevalence of AD for people aged 60 or over in the Hubei province was lower than the national average of 3.06%. The prevalence of MCI was within the national range (5.2−23.4%). The influencing factors of AD and MCI were associated with the participants’ social connections, lifestyle behaviors, somatic diseases and so on. The elderly people who study and communicate with others, take part in regular physical exercise and choose a healthy lifestyle will prevent or slow the decline in cognitive ability. The conclusion section has been replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiaoqi Ji
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lu He
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tongtong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qiang Geng
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shige Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianbo Zhan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (J.Z.)
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Fu Z, Qi G, Qu Z, Lin X, Xu L, Shen B, Dong F, Ge S. Higher blood cotinine level is associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1080066. [PMID: 36507320 PMCID: PMC9730528 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1080066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Secondhand smoke (SHS) is common in older adults; however, its cognitive effect is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between serum cotinine level and cognitive functioning among non-smoking older adults. Materials and methods A total of 2,703 older adults aged 60 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) Survey 2011-2014 were included. Serum cotinine level was analyzed in the laboratory. A level ≤10 ng/ml and a response of "no" to the question "Do you currently smoke?" were used to select non-smokers. Cognitive functioning was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed recall tests, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the association between serum cotinine level quartile and test-specific and global cognition z scores adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking history, prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and systolic blood pressure. Results About half of the participants (mean age 70.5 years) were female (53.6%), non-Hispanic White (48.3%), and completed some college and above (50.2%). Multivariate linear regressions with a reference group being those in the 1st quantile (lowest) showed that participants in the 4th quartile (highest) of serum cotinine level had lower immediate recall [β = -0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.29, -0.03], AFT (β = -0.19, 95% CI = -0.33, -0.05), DSST (β = -0.27, 95% CI = -0.39, -0.15), and global cognition (β = -0.26, 95% CI = -0.39, -0.14) z scores. Participants in the 3rd quartile had lower immediate recall (β = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.30, -0.02) and global cognition (β = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.29, -0.02) z scores. Participants in the 2nd quartile had lower delayed recall z scores (β = -0.16, 95% CI = -0.29, -0.02). Conclusion Higher serum cotinine level was associated with worse cognitive functioning in non-smoking older adults. Prevention and reduction of SHS in older adults may help protect their cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmei Fu
- 1Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guiye Qi
- 2Department of Medical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Qu
- 3School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuechun Lin
- 4Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xu
- 5Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Li Xu,
| | - Biyu Shen
- 6Department of Nursing, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanghong Dong
- 7School of Nursing, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Song Ge
- 8Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, United States
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Kim JH, Chang IB, Kim YH, Min CY, Yoo DM, Choi HG. Association Between Various Types or Statuses of Smoking and Subjective Cognitive Decline Based on a Community Health Survey of Korean Adults. Front Neurol 2022; 13:810830. [PMID: 35572934 PMCID: PMC9099047 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.810830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe relationship between smoking and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), which is defined as the subjective perception of cognitive decline, is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of various types of smoking, including E-cigarette smoking and the use of E-liquid, with the incidence of SCD among Korean adults.MethodsWe evaluated the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey data collected from community-dwelling people in Korea. A total of 104,453 non-smokers, 38,607 past smokers, and 26,776 current smokers with eligible data were included in the study. SCD was assessed using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The past or current smoking pack-years throughout each participant's entire life were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) as measures of the association between each type of smoking and SCD after adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsCompared to no exposure, passive smoking was associated with higher odds of SCD. Compared to non-smokers, past smokers had a higher OR for SCD; however, current smokers did not. There were no significant associations between passive smoking and SCD in the non-smoker and past smoker groups, but there was a significant relationship between them in the current smoker group. While the cumulative dose of smoking was correlated with an increased OR of SCD in each group of current smokers and past smokers, E-cigarette smoking and the use of E-liquid were not associated with higher ORs in the current smoker group.ConclusionOur findings support that passive smoking and past smoking are significantly associated with SCD and that more cumulative exposure to smoking is correlated with a higher OR of SCD.
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Assaf G, El Khoury J, Jawhar S, Rahme D. Mild Cognitive Impairment and modifiable risk factors among Lebanese older adults in primary care. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 65:102828. [PMID: 34507239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal cognition and dementia. Identification of MCI and associated risk factors is important for early intervention. This study investigated the prevalence of MCI among Lebanese older adults and associated risk factors in primary care. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, 337 adults aged 60 years and older met inclusion criteria and were recruited at a primary care clinic associated with a tertiary medical center in Beirut, Lebanon. The validated Arabic version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale were administered. Data about sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics was obtained. RESULTS There was no difference in the mean age between those with normal cognition and those with MCI (mean age 70.38 ± 7.4 and 72.12 ± 7.6 years, respectively). The prevalence of MCI was 14.8% (50 out of 337), 42% were males and 58% were women. Participants having more than 12 years of education (OR = 0.297; CI = 0.112-0.788; P = 0.015) were less likely to have MCI. Participants with history of smoking (OR = 2.599; CI = 1.266-5.339; P = 0.012) or at risk of depression (OR = 2.847; CI = 1.392-5.819; P = 0.004) were more likely to have MCI. CONCLUSION Identification of patients with history of smoking and at risk of depression may serve as an opportunity to offer intensive counseling and targeted treatment to delay the onset or progression of MCI to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Assaf
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jamil El Khoury
- School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Jawhar
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Rahme
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Tan J, Li N, Wang X, Chen G, Yan L, Wang L, Zhao Y, Li S, Guo Y. Associations of particulate matter with dementia and mild cognitive impairment in China: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100147. [PMID: 34557784 PMCID: PMC8454741 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, few studies have examined these associations in well-characterized populations with low residential mobility, similar living habits, and a standardized assessment of both air pollution exposure and clinical outcome. This study examined the associations of long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution with dementia and MCI, using data from the Chinese Veteran Clinical Research Platform. The cognitive function of elderly veterans from 277 communities in 18 Chinese cities was examined. Participants' daily exposures to aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10) during the 3 years prior to the survey were estimated using a satellite-based prediction. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals of MCI associated with each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 were 1.52 (1.39, 1.67) and 1.04 (1.00, 1.08), and those of dementia associated with PM2.5 and PM10 were 1.27 (1.11, 1.46) and 1.13 (1.05, 1.21), respectively. This demonstrates that long-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 can increase the prevalence of dementia/MCI among veterans in China. Higher ORs were observed for those with ≤9 years of educational attainment, those who actively attended physical activities, those who never smoked, former drinkers, and those who did not suffer from cerebral infarction. Improvement of ambient air quality, especially decreasing levels of PM2.5, may help to decrease the risk of dementia/MCI. Given the statistically significant association between PM and cognitive impairment demonstrated here, future studies should focus on examining the causal effect of PM pollution on dementia and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Tan
- Geriatric Neurology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Nan Li
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luning Wang
- Geriatric Neurology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Raber J, Perez R, Torres ERS, Krenik D, Boutros S, Patel E, Chlebowski AC, Torres ER, Perveen Z, Penn A, Paulsen DB, Bartlett MG, Jia E, Holden S, Hall R, Morré J, Wong C, Ho E, Choi J, Stevens JF, Noël A, Bobe G, Kisby G. Effects of Chronic Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Exposure on Cognitive Performance and Metabolic Pathways in the Hippocampus of Wild-Type and Human Tau Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:57009. [PMID: 34009016 PMCID: PMC8132614 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a risk factor for developing sporadic forms of sporadic dementia. A human tau (htau) mouse model is available that exhibits age-dependent tau dysregulation, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress starting at an early age (3-4 months) and in which tau dysregulation and neuronal loss correlate with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess the effects of chronic SHS exposure (10 months' exposure to ∼30 mg/m3) on behavioral and cognitive function, metabolism, and neuropathology in mice. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and htau female and male mice were exposed to SHS (90% side stream, 10% main stream) using the SCIREQ® inExpose™ system or air control for 168 min per day, for 312 d, 7 d per week. The exposures continued during the days of behavioral and cognitive testing. In addition to behavioral and cognitive performance and neuropathology, the lungs of mice were examined for pathology and alterations in gene expression. RESULTS Mice exposed to chronic SHS exposure showed the following genotype-dependent responses: a) lower body weights in WT, but not htau, mice; b) less spontaneous alternation in WT, but not htau, mice in the Y maze; c) faster swim speeds of WT, but not htau, mice in the water maze; d) lower activity levels of WT and htau mice in the open field; e) lower expression of brain PHF1, TTCM1, IGF1β, and HSP90 protein levels in WT male, but not female, mice; and f) more profound effects on hippocampal metabolic pathways in WT male than female mice and more profound effects in WT than htau mice. DISCUSSION The brain of WT mice, in particular WT male mice, might be especially susceptible to the effects of chronic SHS exposure. In WT males, independent pathways involving ascorbate, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or palmitoleic acid might contribute to the hippocampal injury following chronic SHS exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8428.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Ruby Perez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eileen Ruth S. Torres
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Destine Krenik
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sydney Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Esha Patel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anna C. Chlebowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, Oregon, USA
| | - Estefania Ramos Torres
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, Oregon, USA
| | - Zakia Perveen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Arthur Penn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniel B. Paulsen
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Enze Jia
- University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Holden
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Reed Hall
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey Morré
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carmen Wong
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jan Frederik Stevens
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Glen Kisby
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, Oregon, USA
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Skipina TM, Soliman EZ, Upadhya B. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and hypertension: nearly as large as smoking. J Hypertens 2020; 38:1899-1908. [PMID: 32890262 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
: Active smoking is a widely accepted risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is recognized as a major public health problem. Passive smoking, also known as secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE), is thought to have similar cardiovascular consequences and the risk has been postulated to be equivalent to that of active smoking. A major component of this risk involves the connection with chronic hypertension. There are several population-based observational studies investigating the relationship between SHSE and chronic hypertension, all of which demonstrate a positive association. Given that SHSE appears to be a risk factor for chronic hypertension, SHSE should also be a risk factor for hypertensive end-organ disease. Many studies have sought to investigate this relationship, but this has yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focus on the current evidence regarding the association between SHSE and hypertension as well as exploration of the links between SHSE and hypertensive end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M Skipina
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bharathi Upadhya
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine
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He F, Li T, Lin J, Li F, Zhai Y, Zhang T, Gu X, Zhao G. Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041402. [PMID: 32098188 PMCID: PMC7068506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus regarding the effects of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in older adults. We evaluated 7000 permanent residents from six regions within Zhejiang Province, China, aged ≥60 years, without cognitive impairment at baseline and during follow-up examinations for two years. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess the participants’ cognitive function. Multivariate regression analyses were carried out to calculate the adjusted relative risks (RRs) as measures of the association between passive smoking exposure and cognitive impairment after adjusting for potential confounders. The results showed an association between passive smoking exposure in the living environment and increased risk of cognitive impairment (RR: 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.35). No dose–response relationship between the cumulative dose of passive smoking exposure (days) and cognitive impairment was observed. The results of stratified analyses suggested a harmful effect of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in non-smokers (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06–1.46), but not in smokers (RR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.71–1.92). Therefore, passive smoking exposure increased the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults, especially non-smokers. More effective measures to restrict smoking in the living environment should be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Tian Li
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Junfen Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Fudong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xue Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (J.L.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (T.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Genming Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-54237334
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Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:Smoking is a well-established risk factor for dementia, but the effects of passive smoking are unclear. We aimed to examine links between passive smoking and dementia or cognitive impairment. METHODS We searched seven medical research databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core Collection), Cochrane, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus. Studies were included if they examined measures of passive smoking and either cognitive impairment or dementia. RESULTS Of 1,425 records found, nine papers of varying methodologies were included after screening against inclusion criteria. Eight papers reported weak associations between passive smoking and either cognitive impairment or dementia. One paper only found this association alongside carotid artery stenosis. The papers' quality was variable, with only two deemed high quality. CONCLUSION There is limited weak observational evidence linking passive smoking with an increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. However, the studies were methodologically diverse and of inconsistent quality, preventing firm conclusions.
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Trento M, Charrier L, Salassa M, Merlo S, Passera P, Cavallo F, Porta M. Depression, anxiety and cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes: an 8-year prospective observational study. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:1157-66. [PMID: 26374233 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Since depression, anxiety and cognitive function may be impaired in type 2 diabetes, we investigated the relationships between clinical and socioeconomic variables and these psychological dimensions. METHODS For an 8-year prospective observational study of 498 patients, 249 were not insulin-treated (NIT) and 249 were insulin-treated (IT). Demographic, socioeconomic and clinical data were monitored along with depression and anxiety (assessed by Zung questionnaire) and cognitive function by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). RESULTS After 8 years, 131 patients remained NIT (NIT-NIT), 179 remained IT (IT-IT), 47 switched to insulin (NIT-IT), 111 were lost to follow-up and 30 were died. In all groups, HbA1c remained stable, BMI, glucose and lipid profile improved, and foot ulcers and retinopathy worsened. Mild worsening in depression and anxiety scores was observed in the IT-IT patients only. On multivariate analysis, worsening of depression was associated with female gender, disease duration and being IT-IT, and worsening of anxiety with disease duration. Decreased MMSE was associated inversely with smoking and directly with being IT-IT. CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 2 diabetes are at relatively low risk of psycho-cognitive decline. However, being female and on long-term insulin treatment may be risk factors for psychological distress, suggesting that special attention is required for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trento
- Laboratory of Clinical Pedagogy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Salassa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pedagogy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Merlo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pedagogy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Passera
- Laboratory of Clinical Pedagogy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cavallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Porta
- Laboratory of Clinical Pedagogy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
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