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Adigal SS, Kuzhuppilly NIR, Hegde N, V R N, Rizvi A, John RV, George SD, Kartha VB, Bhandary SV, Chidangil S. HPLC-LED-Induced Fluorescence Analysis of Tear Fluids: An Objective Method for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Diagnosis. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:260-269. [PMID: 38078692 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2289862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study showcased the application of the lab-assembled HPLC-LED-IF system to analyze proteins in tear fluid samples collected from individuals diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS Clinical application of the said technique was evaluated by recording chromatograms of tear fluid samples from control and POAG subjects and by analyzing the protein profile using multivariate analysis. The data analysis methods involved are principal component analysis (PCA), Match/No-Match, and artificial neural network (ANN) based binary classification for disease diagnosis. RESULTS Mahalanobis distance and spectral residual values calculated using a standard calibration set of clinically confirmed POAG samples for the Match/No-Match test gave 86.9% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity. ANN with leaving one out procedure has given 87.1% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity. CONCLUSION The results of the study revealed that the utilization of a 278 nm LED excitation in the HPLC system offers good sensitivity for detecting proteins at low concentrations allowing to obtain reliable protein profiles for the diagnosis of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sphurti S Adigal
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Neetha I R Kuzhuppilly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraj Hegde
- Arion, The Randstad Netherlands, Eindhoven City, the Netherlands
| | - Nidheesh V R
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Alisha Rizvi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Reena V John
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sajan D George
- Centre for Applied Nanosciences, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasudevan B Kartha
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sulatha V Bhandary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Naik M, Kamath U S, Uppangala S, Adiga SK, Patil A. Vitamin D metabolites and analytical challenges. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:399-410. [PMID: 36628933 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01692c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient for bone health and the general cellular functions of the body. Its insufficiency/deficiency leads to the pathophysiology of disorders like diabetes, cancer, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Clinical interest in Vitamin D metabolites and their role in various medical disorders have contributed to an increase in laboratory demands for vitamin D measurements. For clinical and research laboratories worldwide, analysis of vitamin D and associated metabolites is a significant problem. The best way for determining vitamin D levels is constantly being debated. Various methods such as immunoassays and chromatographic techniques are available for determining vitamin D levels. Additionally, biosensors have recently been considered promising options for routine vitamin D analysis. The existing methods and other developments in the measurement of vitamin D metabolites and associated analytical challenges are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Naik
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), India-576 104.
| | - Saritha Kamath U
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India-576 104
| | - Shubhashree Uppangala
- Division of Reproductive Genetics, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India-576 104
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India-576 104
| | - Ajeetkumar Patil
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), India-576 104.
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John RV, Devasia T, N M, Lukose J, Chidangil S. Micro-Raman spectroscopy study of blood samples from myocardial infarction patients. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3451-3460. [PMID: 35821543 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is found to be a major causative factor for global mortality and morbidity. This situation demands necessity of developing efficient and rapid diagnostic tools to detect acute MI. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive optical diagnostic technique, which has high potential in probing biochemical changes in clinical samples during initiation and progress of diseases. In this work, blood was taken as the sample to examine inflammation in acute MI patients using Raman spectroscopy. Ratio of Raman peak intensities that corresponds to phenylalanine (1000 cm-1) and tyrosine (825 cm-1) can facilitate indirect information about tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) availability, which can indicate inflammatory status in patients. This ratio obtained was higher for MI patients in comparison with control subjects. The decrease in phenylalanine and tyrosine ratio (Phe-Tyr ratio) is attributed to the prognosis of standard of care (medications like antiplatelets including aspirin, statin and revascularisation) leading to inflammation reduction. Phe-Tyr ratio estimated from the Raman spectra of blood can be exploited as a reliable method to probe inflammation due to MI. The method is highly objective, require only microliters of sample and minimal sample preparation, signifying its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena V John
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Tom Devasia
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mithun N
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Adigal SS, Rizvi A, Rayaroth NV, John RV, Barik A, Bhandari S, George SD, Lukose J, Kartha VB, Chidangil S. Human tear fluid analysis for clinical applications: progress and prospects. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:767-787. [PMID: 34115952 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1941879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Human blood and saliva are increasingly under investigation for the detection of biomarkers for early diagnosis of non-communicable (e.g.cancers) and communicable diseases like COVID-19. Exploring the potential application of human tears, an easily accessible body fluid, for the diagnosis of various diseases is the need of the hour.Areas covered: This review deals with a comprehensive account of applications of tear analysis using different techniques, their comparison and overall progress achieved till now. The techniques used for tear fluid analysis are HPLC/UPLC/SDS-PAGE, CE, etc., together with ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, etc. But, with advances in instrumentation and data processing methods, it has become easy to couple the various separation methods with highly sensitive optical techniques for the analysis of body fluids.Expert opinion: Tear analysis can provide valuable information about the health condition of the eyes since it contains several molecular constituents, and their relative concentrations may alter under abnormal conditions. Tear analysis has the advantage that it is totally non-invasive. This study recommends tear fluid as a reliable clinical sample to be probed by highly sensitive optical techniques to diagnose different health conditions, with special emphasis on eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sphurti S Adigal
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Alisha Rizvi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasthurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nidheesh V Rayaroth
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Reena V John
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajayakumar Barik
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sulatha Bhandari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasthurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sajan D George
- Centre for Applied Nanotechnology, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasudevan B Kartha
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Adigal SS, Rayaroth NV, John RV, Pai KM, Bhandari S, Mohapatra AK, Lukose J, Patil A, Bankapur A, Chidangil S. A review on human body fluids for the diagnosis of viral infections: scope for rapid detection of COVID-19. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:31-42. [PMID: 33523770 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1874355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The unprecedented outbreaks of corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) have highlighted the necessity of readily available, reliable, precise, and faster techniques for its detection. Nasopharyngeal swab has been the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, it is not an ideal screening procedure for massive screening as it implicates the patient's stay in the hospital or at home until diagnosis, thus causing crowding of the specimen at the diagnostic centers. Present study deal with the exploration of potential application of different body fluids using certain highly objective techniques (Optical and e-Nose) for faster detection of molecular markers thereby diagnosing viral infections.Areas covered: This report presents an evaluation of different body fluids, and their advantages for the rapid detection of COVID-19, coupled with highly sensitive optical techniques for the detection of molecular biomarkers.Expert opinion: Tears, saliva, and breath samples can provide valuable information about viral infections. Our brief review strongly recommends the application of saliva/tears and exhaled breath as clinical samples using technics such as high-performance liquid chromatography-laser-induced fluorescence, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and e-Nose, respectively, for the fast diagnosis of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sphurti S Adigal
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academic of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nidheesh V Rayaroth
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academic of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reena V John
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academic of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Keerthilatha M Pai
- Department Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academic of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sulatha Bhandari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academic of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Aswini Kumar Mohapatra
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academic of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academic of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ajeetkumar Patil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academic of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aseefhali Bankapur
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academic of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academic of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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