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Sun Y, Chen P, Zhao B. Role of extracellular vesicles associated with microRNAs and their interplay with cuproptosis in osteoporosis. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:715-719. [PMID: 38577024 PMCID: PMC10990744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP)-associated fractures can result in severe morbidity and disability, reduced quality of life, and death. Previous studies have suggested that small noncoding RNAs, for example, small regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs), play a key role in OP by inhibiting target gene expression. Cuproptosis, a recently proposed copper-induced cell death pathway, is linked with OP. Here, we describe the contribution of exosomal miRNAs and cuproptosis to OP. First, we highlight the characteristics of exosomes and roles of exosome-related miRNAs. Next, we discuss the relationship between cuproptosis and OP. Subsequently, we analyze the crosstalk of exosomal miRNAs with cuproptosis in the development of OP. This review aims to investigate a new clinical treatment method for OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
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Strunz F, Stähli C, Heverhagen JT, Hofstetter W, Egli RJ. Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents and Free Gadolinium Inhibit Differentiation and Activity of Bone Cell Lineages. Invest Radiol 2024; 59:495-503. [PMID: 38117137 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) in magnetic resonance imaging results in the long-term retention of gadolinium (Gd) in tissues and organs, including the bone, and may affect their function and metabolism. This study aims to investigate the effects of Gd and GBCA on the proliferation/survival, differentiation, and function of bone cell lineages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary murine osteoblasts (OB) and osteoclast progenitor cells (OPC) isolated from C57BL/6J mice were used to test the effects of Gd 3+ (12.5-100 μM) and GBCA (100-2000 μM). Cultures were supplemented with the nonionic linear Gd-DTPA-BMA (gadodiamide), ionic linear Gd-DTPA (gadopentetic acid), and macrocyclic Gd-DOTA (gadoteric acid). Cell viability and differentiation were analyzed on days 4-6 of the culture. To assess the resorptive activity of osteoclasts, the cells were grown in OPC cultures and were seeded onto layers of amorphous calcium phosphate with incorporated Gd. RESULTS Gd 3+ did not affect OB viability, but differentiation was reduced dose-dependently up to 72.4% ± 6.2%-73.0% ± 13.2% (average ± SD) at 100 μM Gd 3+ on days 4-6 of culture as compared with unexposed controls ( P < 0.001). Exposure to GBCA had minor effects on OB viability with a dose-dependent reduction up to 23.3% ± 10.2% for Gd-DTPA-BMA at 2000 μM on day 5 ( P < 0.001). In contrast, all 3 GBCA caused a dose-dependent reduction of differentiation up to 88.3% ± 5.2% for Gd-DTPA-BMA, 49.8% ± 16.0% for Gd-DTPA, and 23.1% ± 8.7% for Gd-DOTA at 2000 μM on day 5 ( P < 0.001). In cultures of OPC, cell viability was not affected by Gd 3+ , whereas differentiation was decreased by 45.3% ± 9.8%-48.5% ± 15.8% at 100 μM Gd 3+ on days 4-6 ( P < 0.05). Exposure of OPC to GBCA resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell viability of up to 34.1% ± 11.4% at 2000 μM on day 5 of culture ( P < 0.001). However, differentiation of OPC cultures was reduced on day 5 by 24.2% ± 9.4% for Gd-DTPA-BMA, 47.1% ± 14.0% for Gd-DTPA, and 38.2% ± 10.0% for Gd-DOTA ( P < 0.001). The dissolution of amorphous calcium phosphate by mature osteoclasts was reduced by 36.3% ± 5.3% upon incorporation of 4.3% Gd/Ca wt/wt ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Gadolinium and GBCA inhibit differentiation and activity of bone cell lineages in vitro. Thus, Gd retention in bone tissue could potentially impair the physiological regulation of bone turnover on a cellular level, leading to pathological changes in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Strunz
- From the Bone and Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (F.S., W.H., R.J.E.); Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland (F.S.); RMS-Foundation, Bettlach, Switzerland (C.S.); Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.T.H., R.J.E.); and Clinic for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (W.H.)
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Hadi AFN, Aghniya SN, Haidar GA, Sihombing WSM, Sutedjo A, Alhasyimi AA. Post-Orthodontic Relapse Prevention through Administration of a Novel Synthetic Carbonated Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Hydrogel Derived from Blood Cockle Shell ( Anadara granosa L.). Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:18. [PMID: 38275679 PMCID: PMC10814075 DOI: 10.3390/dj12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Relapse during passive orthodontic treatment is a major issue, with 70-90% frequency. This study examines whether blood cockle shells may be used to extract carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA)-chitosan (CS). This study also aims to analyze the effect of CHA-CS on orthodontic relapse in rats. This study utilized 18 male Wistar rats which were randomly divided into two groups: CHA-CS and the control group (CG). The rats were subjected to a 35 cN orthodontic force for a duration of 7 days, after which the rats were conditioned to be passive. During this phase, the CHA-CS group received daily administration of CHA-CS hydrogel derived from the blood cockle shell. Subsequently, the appliances were detached to facilitate relapse. The distance between the mesial tips was measured using a digital caliper at three consecutive time points: 1, 5, and 7 days after debonding. The number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and fibroblasts was examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using a t-test. The relapse distance of the CHA-CS group was lower than that of the control groups on day 7. Histological examinations using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed a significant increase in osteoblasts, a decrease in osteoclasts, and an increase in fibroblasts during orthodontic relapse movement (p < 0.05). This study found that blood cockle shell-derived CHA-CS may reduce orthodontic relapse by increasing osteoblasts and fibroblasts and by reducing the osteoclast number in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanisah Fauziyyah Nurul Hadi
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.F.N.H.); (S.N.A.); (G.A.H.); (W.S.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sabrina Noor Aghniya
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.F.N.H.); (S.N.A.); (G.A.H.); (W.S.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Gayuh Abi Haidar
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.F.N.H.); (S.N.A.); (G.A.H.); (W.S.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Windy Sepry Marcelina Sihombing
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.F.N.H.); (S.N.A.); (G.A.H.); (W.S.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Angelina Sutedjo
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.F.N.H.); (S.N.A.); (G.A.H.); (W.S.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ananto Ali Alhasyimi
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Muniyasamy R, Manjubala I. Insights into the Mechanism of Osteoporosis and the Available Treatment Options. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1538-1551. [PMID: 37936474 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010273783231027073117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, one of the most prevalent bone illnesses, majorly affects postmenopausal women and men over 50 years of age. Osteoporosis is associated with an increased susceptibility to fragility fractures and can result in persistent pain and significant impairment in affected individuals. The primary method for diagnosing osteoporosis involves the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) through the utilisation of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The integration of a fracture risk assessment algorithm with bone mineral density (BMD) has led to significant progress in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Given that osteoporosis is a chronic condition and multiple factors play an important role in maintaining bone mass, comprehending its underlying mechanism is crucial for developing more effective pharmaceutical interventions for the disease. The effective management of osteoporosis involves the utilisation of appropriate pharmacological agents in conjunction with suitable dietary interventions and lifestyle modifications. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the types of osteoporosis and elucidates the currently available pharmacological treatment options and their related mechanism of action and usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Muniyasamy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Inderchand Manjubala
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jang Y, Lee H, Cho Y, Choi E, Jo S, Sohn HM, Kim BC, Ko YJ, Lim W. An LGR4 agonist activates the GSK‑3β pathway to inhibit RANK‑RANKL signaling during osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow‑derived macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:10. [PMID: 38063193 PMCID: PMC10712694 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding between receptor‑activated nuclear factor‑κB (RANK) and the RANK ligand (RANKL) during osteoclast development is an important target for drugs that treat osteoporosis. The leucine‑rich repeat‑containing G‑protein‑coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) acts as a negative regulator of RANK‑RANKL that suppresses canonical RANK signaling during osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, LGR4 agonists may be useful in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and effectively treating osteoporosis. In the present study, bone marrow‑derived macrophages and a mouse model of RANKL‑induced bone loss were used to investigate the effect of mutant RANKL (MT RANKL), which was previously developed based on the crystal structure of the RANKL complex. In the present study, the binding affinity of wild‑type (WT) RANKL and MT RANKL to RANK and LGR4 was determined using microscale thermophoresis analysis, and the effect of the ligands on the AKT‑glycogen synthase kinase‑3β (GSK‑3β)‑nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin‑dependent 1 (NFATc1) signaling cascade was investigated using western blotting and confocal microscopy. In addition, the expression of LGR4 and the colocalization of LGR4 with MT RANKL were analyzed in a mouse model of RANKL‑induced bone loss. The results showed that in osteoclast precursor cells, MT RANKL bound with high affinity to LGR4 and increased GSK‑3β phosphorylation independently of AKT, resulting in the inhibition of NFATc1 nuclear translocation. In the mouse model, MT RANKL colocalized with LGR4 and inhibited bone resorption. These results indicated that MT RANKL may inhibit RANKL‑induced osteoclastogenesis through an LGR4‑dependent pathway and this could be exploited to develop new therapies for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuria Jang
- Laboratory of Orthopedic Research, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Premedical Science, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjoon Lee
- Laboratory of Orthopedic Research, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Cho
- Laboratory of Orthopedic Research, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Choi
- Department of Physics, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Suenghwan Jo
- Laboratory of Orthopedic Research, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Moon Sohn
- Laboratory of Orthopedic Research, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Chang Kim
- Laboratory of Orthopedic Research, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Premedical Science, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jong Ko
- Laboratory of Orthopedic Research, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Premedical Science, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbong Lim
- Laboratory of Orthopedic Research, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Premedical Science, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Sauhta R, Makkar D, Siwach PS. The Sequential Therapy in Osteoporosis. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:150-162. [PMID: 38107815 PMCID: PMC10721775 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis management often involves a sequential treatment approach to optimize patient outcomes and minimize fracture risks. This strategy is tailored to individual patient characteristics, treatment responses, and fracture risk profiles. Methods A thorough literature review was systematically executed using prominent databases, including PubMed and EMBASE. The primary aim was to identify original articles and clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of sequential therapy with anti-osteoporosis drugs, focusing on the period from 1995 to 2023. The analysis encompassed an in-depth examination of osteoporosis drugs, delineating their mechanisms of action, side effects, and current trends as elucidated in the literature. Results and Discussion Our study yielded noteworthy insights into the optimal sequencing of pharmacologic agents for the long-term treatment of patients necessitating multiple drugs. Notably, the achievement of optimal improvements in bone mass is observed when commencing treatment with an anabolic medication, followed by the subsequent utilization of an antiresorptive drug. This stands in contrast to initiating therapy with a bisphosphonate, which may potentially diminish outcomes in the post-anabolic intervention period. Furthermore, it has been discerned that caution should be exercised against transitioning from denosumab to PTH homologs due to the adverse effects of heightened bone turnover and sustained weakening of bone structure. Despite the absence of fracture data substantiating the implementation of integrated anabolic/antiresorptive pharmacotherapy, the incorporation of denosumab and teriparatide presents a potential avenue worthy of consideration for individuals at a heightened vulnerability to fragility fractures. Conclusions A judiciously implemented sequential treatment strategy in osteoporosis offers a flexible and tailored approach to address diverse clinical scenarios, optimizing fracture prevention and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sauhta
- Department Orthopedics and Joint
Replacement, Artemis Hospitals, Gurgaon, India
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Ma S, Xu S, Li M, Du Y, Tian G, Deng J, Zhang W, Wei P, Zhao B, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wang Y. A Bone Targeting Nanoparticle Loaded OGP to Restore Bone Homeostasis for Osteoporosis Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300560. [PMID: 37562069 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Restoring bone homeostasis is the key to the treatment of osteoporosis. How to increase osteogenic ability or inhibit osteoclast activity has always been a topic of great concern. In recent years, short peptides with biological activity have received great attention in bone repair. However, the application of short peptides is still limited due to the lack of a stable and targeted delivery system. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles modified by alendronate (AL) to transport osteogenic peptides (OGP) (AL-PLGA@P NPs) are designed. Benefiting from the high affinity of AL for hydroxyapatite, AL-PLGA@P NPs have the ability to target bone. In this delivery system, OGP that promotes osteogenesis synergizes with AL, which inhibits osteoclasts, to regulate bone homeostasis, which gives them more advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis. The data shows that nanoparticles can selectively deliver peptides to the bone surface without systemic toxicity. Moreover, nanoparticles can upregulate osteogenesis-related factors (ALP, Runx-2, and BMP2) and downregulate osteoclast-related factors (TRAP and CTSK) in vitro. With AL-PLGA@P NPs, bone microarchitecture and bone mass are improved in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats. Therefore, this study proposes a novel osteoporosis-based drug system that effectively improves bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Ma
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin medical university, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Shendan Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China
| | - Minting Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China
| | - Yaqi Du
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China
| | - Guangjie Tian
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China
| | - Jiayin Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China
| | - Yonglan Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China
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Rosyida NF, Ana ID, Alhasyimi AA. The Use of Polymers to Enhance Post-Orthodontic Tooth Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010103. [PMID: 36616453 PMCID: PMC9824751 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse after orthodontic treatment occurs at a rate of about 70 to 90%, and this phenomenon is an orthodontic issue that has not yet been resolved. Retention devices are one attempt at prevention, but they require a considerable amount of time. Most orthodontists continue to find it challenging to manage orthodontic relapse; therefore, additional research is required. In line with existing knowledge regarding the biological basis of relapse, biomedical engineering approaches to relapse regulation show promise. With so many possible uses in biomedical engineering, polymeric materials have long been at the forefront of the materials world. Orthodontics is an emerging field, and scientists are paying a great deal of attention to polymers because of their potential applications in this area. In recent years, the controlled release of bisphosphonate risedronate using a topically applied gelatin hydrogel has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing relapse. Simvastatin encapsulation in exosomes generated from periodontal ligament stem cells can promote simvastatin solubility and increase the inhibitory action of orthodontic relapse. Moreover, the local injection of epigallocatechin gallate-modified gelatin suppresses osteoclastogenesis and could be developed as a novel treatment method to modify tooth movement and inhibit orthodontic relapse. Furthermore, the intrasulcular administration of hydrogel carbonated hydroxyapatite-incorporated advanced platelet-rich fibrin has been shown to minimize orthodontic relapse. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the use of polymer materials to reduce post-orthodontic relapse. We assume that bone remodeling is a crucial factor even though the exact process by which orthodontic correction is lost after retention is not fully known. Delivery of a polymer containing elements that altered osteoclast activity inhibited osteoclastogenesis and blocking orthodontic relapse. The most promising polymeric materials and their potential orthodontic uses for the prevention of orthodontic relapse are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niswati Fathmah Rosyida
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Ananto Ali Alhasyimi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-82136708250
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Chandran M. The why and how of sequential and combination therapy in osteoporosis. A review of the current evidence. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:724-738. [PMID: 36382762 PMCID: PMC10118820 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is now well recognized that over the lifetime of a patient with osteoporosis, more than one medication will be needed to treat the disease and to decrease fracture risk. Though current gaps in osteoporosis therapy can be potentially mitigated with sequential and combination regimens, how to move seamlessly amongst the multiple treatments currently available for osteoporosis for sustained efficacy is still unclear. Data from recent studies show that an anabolic agent such as teriparatide or romosozumab followed by an antiresorptive affords maximal gain in BMD and possibly better and earlier fracture risk reduction compared to a regimen which follows the opposite sequence. Sequentially moving to a bisphosphonate such as alendronate from an anabolic agent such as abaloparatide has also been shown to preserve the fracture reduction benefits seen with the latter. This sequence of an anabolic agent followed by an antiresorptive should especially be considered in the high-risk patient with imminent fracture risk to rapidly reduce the risk of subsequent fractures. The data surrounding optimum timing of initiation of bisphosphonate therapy following denosumab discontinuation is still unclear. Though data suggests that combining a bisphosphonate with teriparatide does not provide substantial BMD gains compared to monotherapy, the concomitant administration of denosumab with teriparatide has been shown to significantly increase areal BMD as well as to increase volumetric BMD and estimated bone strength. This narrative review explores the available evidence regarding the various sequential and combination therapy approaches and the potential role they could play in better managing osteoporosis.
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Simvastatin encapsulated in exosomes can enhance its inhibition of relapse after orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:881-889. [PMID: 36117030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relapse after orthodontic treatment is a major clinical issue in the dental field. Studies indicate that simvastatin may, to some extent, decrease the rate and magnitude of relapse status. Recent evidence demonstrated that exosome-based drug delivery has a broad prospect of clinical application. Hence, this study investigates whether simvastatin encapsulated in exosomes can inhibit relapse after orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). METHODS Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and their exosomes (PDLSCs-Exo) were isolated and identified. Exosomal simvastatin was obtained by co-incubation of simvastatin and PDLSCs-Exo. An OTM rat model was established. During the relapse period, rats' local alveolar bone was injected with simvastatin, PDLSCs-Exo, and exosomal simvastatin to examine the effect on relapse. Finally, we analyzed the influence of exosomal simvastatin on osteogenesis at the molecular and histologic levels. RESULTS PDLSCs and PDLSCs-Exo were successfully extracted and characterized by multiple means. Simvastatin encapsulated in exosomes can increase the solubility of the drug. Exosomal simvastatin can enhance its inhibition of relapse after OTM in the rat model. The expression level of osteogenic-related genes and proteins in the exosomal simvastatin group is higher than in other groups. Histologic analysis showed a reduction of bone-resorptive lacunae in the exosomal simvastatin group. CONCLUSIONS Encapsulating simvastatin into the exosomes derived from PDLSCs can improve simvastatin solubility and enhance the inhibition effect of relapse in the rat model of OTM. Notably, local injection of PDLSCs-Exo alone can also block the relapse after OTM.
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Troka I, Griffanti G, Canaff L, Hendy GN, Goltzman D, Nazhat SN. Effect of Menin Deletion in Early Osteoblast Lineage on the Mineralization of an In Vitro 3D Osteoid-like Dense Collagen Gel Matrix. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030101. [PMID: 35892371 PMCID: PMC9329857 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone has a complex microenvironment formed by an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed mainly of mineralized type I collagen fibres. Bone ECM regulates signaling pathways important in the differentiation of osteoblast-lineage cells, necessary for bone mineralization and in preserving tissue architecture. Compared to conventional 2D cell cultures, 3D in vitro models may better mimic bone ECM and provide an environment to support osteoblastic differentiation. In this study, a biomimetic 3D osteoid-like dense collagen gel model was used to investigate the role of the nuclear protein menin plays in osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that when expressed at later stages of osteoblastic differentiation, menin modulates osteoblastogenesis and regulates bone mass in adult mice. To investigate the role of menin when expressed at earlier stages of the osteoblastic lineage, conditional knockout mice in which the Men1 gene is specifically deleted early (i.e., at the level of the pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell lineage), where generated and primary calvarial osteoblasts were cultured in plastically compressed dense collagen gels for 21 days. The proliferation, morphology and differentiation of isolated seeded primary calvarial osteoblasts from knockout (Prx1-Cre; Men1f/f) mice were compared to those isolated from wild-type (Men1f/f) mice. Primary calvarial osteoblasts from knockout and wild-type mice did not show differences in terms of proliferation. However, in comparison to wild-type cells, primary osteoblast cells derived from knockout mice demonstrated deficient mineralization capabilities and an altered gene expression profile when cultured in 3D dense collagen gels. In summary, these findings indicate that when expressed at earlier stages of osteoblast differentiation, menin is important in maintaining matrix mineralization in 3D dense collagen gel matrices, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildi Troka
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada;
| | - Gabriele Griffanti
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada;
| | - Lucie Canaff
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (L.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Geoffrey N. Hendy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (L.C.); (D.G.)
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (L.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Showan N. Nazhat
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Cai XY, Zhang ZJ, Xiong JL, Yang M, Wang ZT. Experimental and molecular docking studies of estrogen-like and anti-osteoporosis activity of compounds in Fructus Psoraleae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114044. [PMID: 33775805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Psoraleae (FP), dry mature fruits of Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik., has been used clinically to treat kidney yang deficiency-induced impotence, asthma and cold pain in waist and knee caused by kidney deficiency. A study of the source of the significant kidney-enhancing effect of FP revealed that it may be due to its strong estrogen-like activity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the estrogen-like activity of the FP extract and 13 bioactive compounds in it, as well as the mechanisms underlying their estrogen-like and anti-osteoporosis activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The estrogen-like activities of the 75% ethanol-only FP extract, and 75% ethanol plus petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol or water FP extracts were each measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and luciferase reporter gene assays. The compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The activation of estrogen receptor signaling by the compounds was compared with that by estradiol (E2) using the molecular docking software MOE-Dock 2008.10. The activation of the ER-Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway was investigated using an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, qPCR analysis and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that the 75% ethanol plus ethyl acetate extract showed the highest estrogen-like activity among the four 75% ethanol extract fractions (further extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol or water). Some compounds in FP showed strong estrogenic effect and anti-osteoporosis activity, and activated the Wnt-β-catenin pathway. The isoflavone compound was the most active. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that FP has a strong estrogen-like activity and some of its component compounds have anti-osteoporosis activity by activating the ER-Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. Our detections provide a new insight into the mechanisms underlying the estrogen-like and anti-osteoporosis activities of FP, as well as a better understanding of structure effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yin Cai
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zi-Jia Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jing-Lin Xiong
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Meng Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
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13
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Zhang C, Song C. Combination Therapy of PTH and Antiresorptive Drugs on Osteoporosis: A Review of Treatment Alternatives. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:607017. [PMID: 33584284 PMCID: PMC7874063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiresorptive drugs have been widely used for osteoporosis. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH), an anabolic agent, increases osteoblast production rate and inhibits apoptosis of osteoblasts, thus increasing skeletal mass besides improving bone microarchitecture and strength. Combination therapy for osteoporosis produced great interests and controversies. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature search from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINDHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using the search terms PTH or teriparatide combined with bisphosphonate, alendronate, ibandronate, risedronate, raloxifene, denosumab, and zoledronic acid with the limit osteoporosis. At last, 36 related articles were included for further analysis. Findings from previous studies revealed that combination therapy in different conditions of naive or previous bisphosphonate treatment might have different outcomes. The use of combination therapy, however, may be an alternative option among osteoporotic patients with a history of bisphosphonate use. Combined teriparatide with denosumab appear to show the most substantial and clinically relevant skeletal benefits to osteoporotic patients. Additional research is necessary to define optimal methods of developing sequential and/or cyclical combinations of PTH and antiresorptive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
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14
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Yi S, Kim J, Lee SY. GDNF secreted by pre-osteoclasts induces migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and stimulates osteogenesis. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 33148376 PMCID: PMC7781916 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.12.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption is linked to bone formation via temporal and spatial coupling within the remodeling cycle. Several lines of evidence point to the critical role of coupling factors derived from pre-osteoclasts (POCs) during the regulation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). However, the role of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in BMMSCs is not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate the role of POC-derived GDNF in regulating the migration and osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. RNA sequencing revealed GDNF upregulation in POCs compared with monocytes/macrophages. Specifically, BMMSC migration was inhibited by a neutralizing antibody against GDNF in pre-osteoclast-conditioned medium (POC-CM), whereas treatment with a recombinant GDNF enhanced migration and osteogenic differentiation. In addition, POC-CM derived from GDNF knockdowned bone marrow macrophages suppressed BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation. SPP86, a small molecule inhibitor, inhibits BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation by targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase RET, which is recruited by GDNF into the GFRα1 complex. Overall, this study highlights the role of POC-derived GDNF in BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that GDNF regulates bone meta-bolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Yi
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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15
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Chen W, Wasnik S, Fu Y, Aranda L, Rundle CH, Lau KHW, Baylink DJ, Zhang X. Unique anabolic action of stem cell gene therapy overexpressing PDGFB-DSS6 fusion protein in OVX osteoporosis mouse model. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100236. [PMID: 31886323 PMCID: PMC6920713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we sought to improve the efficacy and safety of our Sca1+ PDGFB stem cell gene therapy for osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. This therapy is administered by marrow transplantation. We established the promise of this approach by previously showing that this therapy in normal mice increase bone density, increased endosteal cortical and trabecular bone formation, caused de novo trabecular bone formation, increased cortical thickness and improve bone strength. In the current study we produced a fusion gene, PDGFB-DSS6. We reasoned that the DSS6, calcium binding protein would trap the PDGFB at the bone surface and thereby limit the amount of PDGFB required to produce an optimal bone formation response, i.e. efficacy with a lower engraftment. The result shows that indeed with a very low level of engraftment we achieved a large increase in bone formation in the OVX model of bone loss. Serum analysis for biochemical marker of new bone formation showed an approximate 75% increase in alkaline phosphatase levels in Sca1+PDGFB-DSS6 group as compared to other groups. Quantitative analysis of bone by microCT showed a massive increase in trabecular bone density and trabecular connectivity of the femur in the metaphysis in Sca1+ PDGFB-DSS6 group. The increased cortical porosity produced by OVX was replaced by the Sca1+ PDGFB-DSS6 therapy but not by the positive control Sca1+ PDGFB. Additionally, an increase in the femur bone strength was also observed specifically in Sca1+ PDGFB-DSS6 as compared to other treatment groups, emphasizing the functional significance of the observed anabolic action is on bone formation. In future work we will focus on nontoxic preconditioning of our marrow transplantation procedure and also on transcriptional control of therapeutic gene expression to avoid excess bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Samiksha Wasnik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yawen Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Leslie Aranda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Charles H. Rundle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kin-Hing William Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David J. Baylink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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16
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Seeman E, Martin TJ. Antiresorptive and anabolic agents in the prevention and reversal of bone fragility. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 15:225-236. [PMID: 30755735 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone volume, microstructure and its material composition are maintained by bone remodelling, a cellular activity carried out by bone multicellular units (BMUs). BMUs are focally transient teams of osteoclasts and osteoblasts that respectively resorb a volume of old bone and then deposit an equal volume of new bone at the same location. Around the time of menopause, bone remodelling becomes unbalanced and rapid, and an increased number of BMUs deposit less bone than they resorb, resulting in bone loss, a reduction in bone volume and microstructural deterioration. Cortices become porous and thin, and trabeculae become thin, perforated and disconnected, causing bone fragility. Antiresorptive agents reduce fracture risk by reducing the rate of bone remodelling so that fewer BMUs are available to remodel bone. Bone fragility is not abolished by these drugs because existing microstructural deterioration is not reversed, unsuppressed remodelling continues producing microstructural deterioration and unremodelled bone that becomes more mineralized can become brittle. Anabolic agents reduce fracture risk by stimulating new bone formation, which partly restores bone volume and microstructure. To guide fracture prevention, this Review provides an overview of the structural basis of bone fragility, the mechanisms of remodelling and how anabolic and antiresorptive agents target remodelling defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ego Seeman
- Departments of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - T J Martin
- Department of Medicine and St Vincent's Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Kim H, Takegahara N, Walsh MC, Middleton SA, Yu J, Shirakawa J, Ueda J, Fujihara Y, Ikawa M, Ishii M, Kim J, Choi Y. IgSF11 regulates osteoclast differentiation through association with the scaffold protein PSD-95. Bone Res 2020; 8:5. [PMID: 32047704 PMCID: PMC7010662 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated, giant cells derived from myeloid progenitors. While receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation is the primary driver of osteoclast differentiation, additional signaling further contributes to osteoclast maturation. Here, we demonstrate that immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 (IgSF11), whose expression increases during osteoclast differentiation, regulates osteoclast differentiation through interaction with postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), a scaffold protein with multiple protein interaction domains. IgSF11 deficiency in vivo results in impaired osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption but no observed defect in bone formation. Consequently, IgSF11-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show that IgSF11 functions through homophilic interactions. Additionally, we demonstrate that impaired osteoclast differentiation in IgSF11-deficient cells is rescued by full-length IgSF11 and that the IgSF11-PSD-95 interaction requires the 75 C-terminal amino acids of IgSF11. Our findings reveal a critical role for IgSF11 during osteoclast differentiation and suggest a role for IgSF11 in a receptor- and signal transduction molecule-containing protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Matthew C. Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sarah A. Middleton
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jiyeon Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jumpei Shirakawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jun Ueda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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18
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Lin Z, He H, Wang M, Liang J. MicroRNA-130a controls bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards the osteoblastic and adipogenic fate. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12688. [PMID: 31557368 PMCID: PMC6869834 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives With age, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have reduced ability of differentiating into osteoblasts but have increased ability of differentiating into adipocytes which leads to age‐related bone loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play major roles in regulating BMSC differentiation. This paper explored the role of miRNAs in regulating BMSC differentiation swift fate in age‐related osteoporosis. Material and methods Mice and human BMSC were isolated from bone marrow, whose miR‐130a level was measured. The abilities of BMSC differentiate into osteoblast or fat cell under the transfected with agomiR‐130a or antagomiR‐130a were analysed by the level of ALP, osteocalcin, Runx2, osterix or peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptorγ (PPARγ), Fabp4. Related mechanism was verified via qT‐PCR, Western blotting (WB) and siRNA transfection. Animal phenotype intravenous injection with agomiR‐130a or agomiR‐NC was explored by Micro‐CT, immunochemistry and calcein double‐labelling. Results MiR‐130a was dramatically decreased in BMSC of advanced subjects. Overexpression of miR‐130a increased osteogenic differentiation of BMSC and attenuated adipogenic differentiation in BMSC, conversely, Inhibition of miR‐130a reduced osteogenic differentiation and facilitated lipid droplet formation. Consistently, overexpression of miR‐130a in elderly mice dropped off the bone loss. Furthermore, the protein levels of Smad regulatory factors 2 (Smurf2) and PPARγ were regulated by miR‐130a with an negative effect through directly combining the 3'UTR of Smurf2 and PPARγ. Conclusions The results indicated that miR‐130a promotes osteoblastic differentiation of BMSC by negatively regulating Smurf2 expression and suppresses adipogenic differentiation of BMSC by targeting the PPARγ, and supply a new target for clinical therapy of age‐related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Park JH, Jeong E, Lin J, Ko R, Kim JH, Yi S, Choi Y, Kang IC, Lee D, Lee SY. RACK1 interaction with c-Src is essential for osteoclast function. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-9. [PMID: 31358728 PMCID: PMC6802652 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffolding protein receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) mediates receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL)-dependent activation of p38 MAPK in osteoclast precursors; however, the role of RACK1 in mature osteoclasts is unclear. The aim of our study was to identify the interaction between RACK1 and c-Src that is critical for osteoclast function. A RACK1 mutant protein (mutations of tyrosine 228 and 246 residues to phenylalanine; RACK1 Y228F/Y246F) did not interact with c-Src. The mutant retained its ability to differentiate into osteoclasts; however, the integrity of the RANKL-mediated cytoskeleton, bone resorption activity, and phosphorylation of c-Src was significantly decreased. Importantly, lysine 152 (K152) within the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of c-Src is involved in RACK1 binding. The c-Src K152R mutant (mutation of lysine 152 into arginine) impaired the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. These findings not only clarify the role of the RACK1-c-Src axis as a key regulator of osteoclast function but will also help to develop new antiresorption therapies to prevent bone loss-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jingjing Lin
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Ryeojin Ko
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Sol Yi
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Youngjin Choi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Kang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, BioChip Research Center, and Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea. .,The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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20
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Ng AY, Tu C, Shen S, Xu D, Oursler MJ, Qu J, Yang S. Comparative Characterization of Osteoclasts Derived From Murine Bone Marrow Macrophages and RAW 264.7 Cells Using Quantitative Proteomics. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:328-340. [PMID: 30460336 PMCID: PMC6237207 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells differentiated from macrophage/monocyte precursors in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). In vitro models are principally based on primary bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), but RAW 264.7 cells are frequently used because they are widely available, easy to culture, and more amenable to genetic manipulation than primary cells. Increasing evidence, however, has shown that the vastly different origins of these two cell types may have important effects on cell behavior. In particular, M-CSF is a prerequisite for the differentiation of BMMs, by promoting survival and proliferation and priming the cells for RANKL induction. RAW 264.7 cells readily form osteoclasts in the presence of RANKL, but M-CSF is not required. Based on these key differences, we sought to understand their functional implications and how it might affect osteoclast differentiation and related signaling pathways. Using a robust and high-throughput proteomics strategy, we quantified the global protein changes in osteoclasts derived from BMMs and RAW 264.7 cells at 1, 3, and 5 days of differentiation. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD009610. Correlation analysis of the proteomes demonstrated low concordance between the two cell types (R2 ≈ 0.13). Bioinformatics analysis indicate that RANKL-dependent signaling was intact in RAW 264.7 cells, but biological processes known to be dependent on M-CSF were significantly different, including cell cycle control, cytoskeletal organization, and apoptosis. RAW 264.7 cells exhibited constitutive activation of Erk and Akt that was dependent on the activity of Abelson tyrosine kinase, and the timing of Erk and Akt activation was significantly different between BMMs and RAW 264.7 cells. Our findings provide the first evidence for major discrepancies between BMMs and RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that careful consideration is needed when using the RAW 264.7 cell line for studying M-CSF-dependent signaling and functions. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Yh Ng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA.,Department of Oral Biology School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences Buffalo NY USA
| | - Chengjian Tu
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences Buffalo NY USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo NY USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences Buffalo NY USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo NY USA
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA
| | - Merry J Oursler
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism, Nutrition, and Diabetes Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Jun Qu
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences Buffalo NY USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo NY USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
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21
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Karvande A, Khan S, Khan I, Singh D, Khedgikar V, Kushwaha P, Ahmad N, Kothari P, Dhasmana A, Kant R, Trivedi R, Chauhan PMS. Discovery of a tetrazolyl β-carboline with in vitro and in vivo osteoprotective activity under estrogen-deficient conditions. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1213-1225. [PMID: 30109010 PMCID: PMC6072419 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Carbolines have been assessed for osteoclastogenesis. However, their effect on osteoblasts during estrogen deficiency is still unclear. Here, a series of novel piperazine and tetrazole tag β-carbolines have been synthesized and examined for osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In vitro data suggest that compound 8g is the most promising osteoblast differentiating agent that was evaluated for in vivo studies. Compound 8g promoted osteoblast mineralization, stimulated Runx2, BMP-2 and OCN expression levels, increased BrdU incorporation and inhibited generation of free radicals as well as nitric oxide. Since a piperazine group is involved in bone repair activity and β-carboline in IκB kinase (IKK) inhibition, compound 8g inhibited tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) directed IκBα phosphorylation, preventing nuclear translocation of NF-κB thereby alleviating osteoblast apoptosis. In vivo studies show that compound 8g was able to restore estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in ovariectomized rats without any toxicity, thus signifying its potential in bone-protection chemotherapy under postmenopausal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudha Karvande
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Shahnawaz Khan
- Chemistry Division , BHUPAL NOBLES' UNIVERSITY , Udaipur-313001 , India
| | - Irfan Khan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow-226031 , U.P , India .
| | - Deepti Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow-226031 , U.P , India .
| | - Vikram Khedgikar
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Priyanka Kothari
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Research Himalayan School of Bio sciences , Swami Rama Himalayan University , Dehradun , India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology Central Drug Research Institute , CSIR , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Prem M S Chauhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow-226031 , U.P , India .
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22
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Burkard D, Beckett T, Kourtjian E, Messingschlager C, Sipahi R, Padley M, Stubbart J. Effects of bone remodeling agents following teriparatide treatment. Osteoporos Int 2018. [PMID: 29541794 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Teriparatide is an anabolic therapy used to treat patients with osteoporosis and is only approved for 2 years of treatment. This is the first study to look at two common osteoporosis drugs in maintaining its beneficial effects: denosumab and zoledronic acid. Denosumab treatment was associated with the greatest increase in bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, an amount that was statistically greater than no treatment and zoledronic acid treatment. INTRODUCTION Teriparatide, a hallmark treatment for osteoporosis, has been shown to increase BMD and bone turnover. This can be measured using BMD scans, N-terminal propeptide of type-1 collagen (P1NP) for bone formation and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) for bone resorption. This study examines the effects of the two most common antiresorptive drugs prescribed following 2 years of teriparatide treatment: zoledronic acid and denosumab. The purpose of this study is to quantify the beneficial effects of teriparatide and compare the ability of each antiresorptive drug to maintain the effects. METHODS Ninety-four patients with prior fragility fractures were identified from a bone health clinic associated with a level I trauma center. All of the study participants completed 2 years of treatment with teriparatide between 2008 and 2013 followed by 2 years of treatment with zoledronic acid, denosumab, or no treatment. After excluding patients with insufficient laboratory data, 64 patients remained for analysis in this retrospective cohort study. Bone mineral density was measured in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. RESULTS Following completion of teriparatide, patients who were started on denosumab showed the largest increase in bone mineral density after 2 years of treatment: lumbar spine 4.94% ± 8.2%, femoral neck 5.68% ± 6.7%. CONCLUSIONS Patients who elected to discontinue osteoporosis treatment experienced a significant decline in the change in BMD compared to the change on teriparatide putting them at higher risk for recurrence of fragility fractures. Patients on denosumab following teriparatide had the largest increase in BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Burkard
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - T Beckett
- Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - E Kourtjian
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - C Messingschlager
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - R Sipahi
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - M Padley
- Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - J Stubbart
- Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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23
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Wei B, Wei W, Wang L, Zhao B. Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Conservatively Treated Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis Compared with Healthy Controls. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9015758. [PMID: 29977921 PMCID: PMC5994295 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9015758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH-N), but the differentially expressed circulating miRNAs in patients with ONFH-N receiving nonsurgical therapy are unknown. This study aimed to determine the miRNAs expression profile of patients with ONFH-N receiving conservative treatments. This was a case-control prospective study of 43 patients with ONFH-N and 43 participants without ONFH-N, enrolled from 10/2014 to 10/2016 at the Department of Orthopedics of the Linyi People's Hospital (China). The two groups were matched for age, gender, and living area. Microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR were used to examine the differentially expressed miRNAs. Bioinformatics was used to predict miRNA target genes and signaling pathways. Microarray and quantitative RT-PCR revealed that nine miRNAs were downregulated and five miRNAs were upregulated in ONFH-N (n = 3) compared with controls (n = 3). Bioinformatics showed that calcium-mediated signaling pathway, regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity, cytoskeletal protein binding, and caveolae macromolecular signaling complex were probably regulated by the identified differentially expressed miRNAs. In the remaining 80 subjects (n = 40/group), miR-335-5p was downregulated (P = 0.01) and miR-100-5p was upregulated (P = 0.02) in ONFH-N compared with controls. In conclusion, some miRNAs are differentially expressed in conservatively treated ONFH-N compared with controls. Those miRNAs could contribute to the pathogenesis of ONFH-N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaofang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, China
| | - Baoxiang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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24
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Leder BZ. Optimizing Sequential and Combined Anabolic and Antiresorptive Osteoporosis Therapy. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:62-68. [PMID: 30283892 PMCID: PMC6124202 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As osteoporosis therapy options have expanded, and clinical guidelines have begun to embrace the concept of limited treatment courses and “drug holidays,” the choices that physicians must make when initiating, electing to continue, or switching therapies have become more complex. As a result, one of the fundamental issues that must be carefully considered is whether, when, and in what sequence anabolic therapies should be utilized. This review evaluates the current evidence supporting the optimal sequence for the use of anabolic and antiresorptive drugs and assesses the expanding number of clinical trials favoring the initial use of anabolic therapy followed by an antiresorptive agent. This review also explores the evidence suggesting that the effectiveness of anabolic medications are diminished when used in patients that have been previously treated with specific antiresorptive drugs for prolonged periods. Finally, the recent advances in designing combination antiresorptive/anabolic treatment approaches are detailed, with a focus on combined denosumab/teriparatide regimens, which appear to provide the most substantial and clinically relevant skeletal benefits to patients with established osteoporosis. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Z Leder
- Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Endocrine Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
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25
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Lee C, Whang YM, Campbell P, Mulcrone PL, Elefteriou F, Cho SW, Park SI. Dual targeting c-met and VEGFR2 in osteoblasts suppresses growth and osteolysis of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Cancer Lett 2018; 414:205-213. [PMID: 29174801 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer characteristically induces osteoblastic bone metastasis, for which no therapies are available. A dual kinase inhibitor of c-Met and VEGFR-2 (cabozantinib) was shown to reduce prostate cancer growth in bone, with evidence for suppressing osteoblastic activity. However, c-Met and VEGFR2 signaling in osteoblasts in the context of bone metastasis remain unclear. Here we show using cultured osteoblasts that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and VEGF-A increased receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) and M-CSF, two essential factors for osteoclastogenesis. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) also increased RANKL and M-CSF via c-Met transactivation. The conditioned media from IGF1-, HGF-, or VEGFA-treated osteoblasts promoted osteoclastogenesis that was reversed by inhibiting c-Met and/or VEGFR2 in osteoblasts. In vivo experiments used cabozantinib-resistant prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and C4-2B) to test the effects of c-Met/VEGFR2 inhibition specifically in osteoblasts. Cabozantinib (60 mg/kg, 3 weeks) suppressed tumor growth in bone and reduced expression of RANKL and M-CSF and subsequent tumor-induced osteolysis. Collectively, inhibition of c-Met and VEGFR2 in osteoblasts reduced RANKL and M-CSF expression, and associated with reduction of tumor-induced osteolysis, suggesting that c-Met and VEGFR2 are promising therapeutic targets in bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changki Lee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Young Mi Whang
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Preston Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick L Mulcrone
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; The BK21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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26
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Han X, Li X, Zhong G, Liu Z. Regulation of osteogenic differentiation by DNA methylation of the dishevelled gene in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4848-4855. [PMID: 29218084 PMCID: PMC5714770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential, which can be used as seed cells to repair and reconstruct many types of tissues and organs following injury or disease. Osteogenic differentiation involves a variety of pathway and factors, including cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of Dishevelled in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in induction medium containing the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. The expression of Dishevelled was analyzed using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a Western blot. The methylation degree of the CpG island in the promoter region of the Dishevelled gene was analyzed, and protein expression levels of Wnt, Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), axin, Dishevelled, and β-catenin were increased after the addition of the methyltransferase inhibitor. The expression of Dishevelled increased in accordance with the differentiation of osteoblasts, and the degree of methylation of the promoter affected its expression level. In conclusion, regulating the methylation degree of the Dishevelled gene promoter region appears to influence the expression of Dishevelled and therefore the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200127, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital South Campus, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201112, China
| | - Xinfeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200127, China
| | - Guibin Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200127, China
| | - Zude Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200127, China
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27
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Yang Y, Fang S. Small non-coding RNAs-based bone regulation and targeting therapeutic strategies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 456:16-35. [PMID: 27888003 PMCID: PMC7116989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs, which are 20-25 nucleotide ribonucleic acids, have emerged as an important transformation in the biological evolution over almost three decades. microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are two significant categories of the small RNAs that exert important effects on bone endocrinology and skeletology. Therefore, clarifying the expression and function of these important molecules in bone endocrine physiology and pathology is of great significance for improving their potential therapeutic value for metabolism-associated bone diseases. In the present review, we highlight the recent advances made in understanding the function and molecular mechanism of these small non-coding RNAs in bone metabolism, especially their potentially therapeutic values in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Portal-Núñez S, Mediero A, Esbrit P, Sánchez-Pernaute O, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G. Unexpected Bone Formation Produced by RANKL Blockade. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:695-704. [PMID: 28733136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Denosumab (Dmab) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks RANKL (receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand), thereby exerting a potent bone antiresorptive action. Dmab treatment leads to a dramatic and sustained increase in bone mass through mechanisms that are currently under debate. It is also a matter of controversy whether this potent action of Dmab could lead to intrabone dystrophic mineralization. Recent research has uncovered a possible anabolic role of Dmab involving RANKL-dependent reverse signaling in osteoblasts, and that bone marrow adipocytes can modulate osteoclastogenesis through the production of RANKL. We comment here on potential pathways which might account for the anabolic action of Dmab. The impact of this proposed mechanism needs to be addressed in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Portal-Núñez
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avenida de los Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aranzazu Mediero
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avenida de los Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Esbrit
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avenida de los Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Sánchez-Pernaute
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avenida de los Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avenida de los Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avenida de los Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Kim HY, Choi S, Yoon JH, Lim HJ, Lee H, Choi J, Ro EJ, Heo JN, Lee W, No KT, Choi KY. Small molecule inhibitors of the Dishevelled-CXXC5 interaction are new drug candidates for bone anabolic osteoporosis therapy. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 8:375-87. [PMID: 26941261 PMCID: PMC4818757 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone anabolic agents promoting bone formation and rebuilding damaged bones would ideally overcome the limitations of anti‐resorptive therapy, the current standard prescription for osteoporosis. However, the currently prescribed parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐based anabolic drugs present limitations and adverse effects including osteosarcoma during long‐term use. Also, the antibody‐based anabolic drugs that are currently being developed present the potential limits in clinical application typical of macromolecule drugs. We previously identified that CXXC5 is a negative feedback regulator of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway via its interaction with Dishevelled (Dvl) and suggested the Dvl–CXXC5 interaction as a potential target for anabolic therapy of osteoporosis. Here, we screened small‐molecule inhibitors of the Dvl–CXXC5 interaction via a newly established in vitro assay system. The screened compounds were found to activate the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and enhance osteoblast differentiation in primary osteoblasts. The bone anabolic effects of the compounds were shown using ex vivo‐cultured calvaria. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration analysis confirmed interaction between Dvl PDZ domain and KY‐02061, a representative of the screened compounds. Oral administration of KY‐02327, one of 55 newly synthesized KY‐02061 analogs, successfully rescued bone loss in the ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. In conclusion, small‐molecule inhibitors of the Dvl–CXXC5 interaction that block negative feedback regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling are potential candidates for the development of bone anabolic anti‐osteoporosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yi Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehee Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Jung Lim
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ro
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Nyoung Heo
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Leder BZ, Tsai JN, Jiang LA, Lee H. Importance of prompt antiresorptive therapy in postmenopausal women discontinuing teriparatide or denosumab: The Denosumab and Teriparatide Follow-up study (DATA-Follow-up). Bone 2017; 98:54-58. [PMID: 28286299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When teriparatide and denosumab are discontinued, bone mineral density (BMD) abruptly decreases. To compare rates of bone loss in postmenopausal women who discontinue denosumab or teriparatide and receive no additional prescription osteoporosis medications to women who discontinue these drugs followed by prompt antiresorptive therapy, we asked women concluding the Denosumab and Teriparatide Administration (DATA) study and its extension, DATA-Switch, to return for BMD measurements 1-2years after study completion. In these studies, women received 2-years of either teriparatide, denosumab or both medications followed by 2-years of the alternate therapy (women who received combination therapy initially received an additional 2-years of denosumab alone). Fifty of 69 women who completed DATA-Switch returned after a mean of 15.4±3.5months. Of the 28 women who received antiresorptive therapy (10 denosumab, 10 oral bisphosphonates, 8 intravenous zoledronic acid), the mean interval between ending DATA-Switch and beginning antiresorptive therapy was 3.8±3.1months. In the 22 women not receiving follow-up therapy, femoral neck, total hip, and spine BMD decreased by -4.2±4.3%, -4.5±3.6%, and -10.0±5.4%, respectively, while BMD was maintained in those who did receive follow-up antiresorptive drugs (femoral neck, total hip, and spine BMD changes of -0.6±2.7%, -0.8±3.1%, and -1.2±4.7%, respectively, P<0.001 for all between-group comparisons). Among untreated women, femoral neck BMD decreased more in those discontinuing denosumab (-5.8±4.0%) than in those discontinuing teriparatide (-0.8±2.6%, P=0.008). Total hip BMD, but not spine BMD, showed a similar pattern. Among treated women, denosumab increased femoral neck and total hip BMD more than bisphosphonates while BMD changes at the spine did not differ significantly. In summary, the large teriparatide and denosumab-induced gains in BMD achieved with 4years of intensive therapy in the DATA and DATA-Switch studies were maintained in patients who received prompt antiresorptive therapy but not in those left untreated. These results demonstrate the negative consequences of delaying consolidation therapy in women treated with these drugs and underscore the importance of timely medication transitions in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Z Leder
- Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States.
| | - Joy N Tsai
- Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Linda A Jiang
- Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Hang Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose is to review the efficacy and optimal use of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein analogs in osteoporosis treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The parathyroid hormone analog teriparatide, a potent stimulator of bone remodeling, increases hip and spine bone mineral density and reduces the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. The parathyroid hormone-related protein analog, abaloparatide, also reduces fracture incidence but has pharmacological effects that differ from teriparatide, particularly in cortical bone. These analogs provide maximal benefit when their use is followed by a potent antiresorptive medication. Moreover, studies have shown that the combination of teriparatide and the RANK-ligand inhibitor, denosumab, increase bone density and estimated strength more than monotherapy and more than any currently available regimen. Parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein analogs, whether as monotherapy, in combination with antiresorptive agents or in sequence with antiresorptive agents, will likely play an expanding role in osteoporosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Z Leder
- Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
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32
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Kim H, Walsh MC, Takegahara N, Middleton SA, Shin HI, Kim J, Choi Y. The purinergic receptor P2X5 regulates inflammasome activity and hyper-multinucleation of murine osteoclasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:196. [PMID: 28298636 PMCID: PMC5427844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) can result in serious clinical outcomes, including bone loss that may weaken skeletal or periodontal strength. Proper bone homeostasis and skeletal strength are maintained by balancing OC function with the bone-forming function of osteoblasts. Unfortunately, current treatments that broadly inhibit OC differentiation or function may also interfere with coupled bone formation. We therefore identified a factor, the purinergic receptor P2X5 that is highly expressed during the OC maturation phase, and which we show here plays no apparent role in early bone development and homeostasis, but which is required for osteoclast-mediated inflammatory bone loss and hyper-multinucleation of OCs. We further demonstrate that P2X5 is required for ATP-mediated inflammasome activation and IL-1β production by OCs, and that P2X5-deficient OC maturation is rescued in vitro by addition of exogenous IL-1β. These findings identify a mechanism by which OCs react to inflammatory stimuli, and may identify purinergic signaling as a therapeutic target for bone loss-related inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Next generation Optical Immune-imaging, WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sarah A Middleton
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hong-In Shin
- IHBR, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700412, South Korea
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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33
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Jin WJ, Kim B, Kim D, Park Choo HY, Kim HH, Ha H, Lee ZH. NF-κB signaling regulates cell-autonomous regulation of CXCL10 in breast cancer 4T1 cells. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e295. [PMID: 28209986 PMCID: PMC5336559 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 play a role in breast cancer metastasis to bone and osteoclast activation. However, the mechanism of CXCL10/CXCR3-induced intracellular signaling has not been fully investigated. To evaluate CXCL10-induced cellular events in the mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1, we developed a new synthetic CXCR3 antagonist JN-2. In this study, we observed that secretion of CXCL10 in the supernatant of 4T1 cells was gradually increased during cell growth. JN-2 inhibited basal and CXCL10-induced CXCL10 expression and cell motility in 4T1 cells. Treatment of 4T1 cells with CXCL10 increased the expression of P65, a subunit of the NF-κB pathway, via activation of the NF-κB transcriptional activity. Ectopic overexpression of P65 increased CXCL10 secretion and blunted JN-2-induced suppression of CXCL10 secretion, whereas overexpression of IκBα suppressed CXCL10 secretion. These results indicate that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis creates a positive feedback loop through the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway in 4T1 cells. In addition, treatment of osteoblasts with conditioned medium from JN-2-treated 4T1 cells inhibited the expression of RANKL, a crucial cytokine for osteoclast differentiation, which resulted in an inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation in the co-culture system of bone marrow-derived macrophages and osteoblasts. Direct intrafemoral injection of 4T1 cells induced severe bone destruction; however, this effect was suppressed by the CXCR3 antagonist via downregulation of P65 expression in an animal model. Collectively, these results suggest that the CXCL10/CXCR3-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway plays a role in the control of autonomous regulation of CXCL10 and malignant tumor properties in breast cancer 4T1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jong Jin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Darong Kim
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Young Park Choo
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kalem MN, Kalem Z, Akgun N, Bakırarar B. The relationship between postmenopausal women's sclerostin levels and their bone density, age, body mass index, hormonal status, and smoking and consumption of coffee and dairy products. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:785-793. [PMID: 28138749 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between postmenopausal women's sclerostin levels and bone density and the factors that may affect this relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS 135 postmenopausal patients' ages, BMIs, hormonal statuses, BMD values, and smoking, and consumption of coffee and dairy products were compared with their sclerostin levels. RESULTS No statistical relationship was found between sclerostin level and age in the group with osteoporosis (p = 0.204, r = -0.305). There was a positive, high-level relationship between sclerostin levels and BMI in the osteoporosis group and it was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001, r = 0.786). No statistical relationship was found between sclerostin level and age in the non-osteoporosis group with (p = 0.496, r = -0.88). There was a positive, moderate relationship between sclerostin levels and BMI in the non-osteoporosis group and it was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001, r = 0.505). No statistically significant relationship could be found between sclerostin levels and vitamin D (p = 0.723), PTH (p = 0.112), FSH (p = 0.795), E2 (p = 0.627), TSH (p = 0.517), T3 (p = 0.788), and T4 (p = 0.664) blood levels. No significant difference was found among the groups formed by smoking, consumption of coffee and milk, and dairy products, either (p = 0.405; p = 0.626; p = 0.234, respectively). It was monitored that sclerostin's negative effect observed on BMD scores was independent from age; however, it had a positive correlation with BMI. CONCLUSION As blood sclerostin levels increase, bone mineral density decreases. This negative effect of sclerostin on bone density increases as BMI increases, too. Effects of sclerostin levels on bone density are independent from age, and they are not affect by levels of vitamin D: PTH, FSH, E2 and thyroid hormones, and daily activities, such as smoking and consumption of coffee and milk and dairy products, either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muberra Namlı Kalem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ziya Kalem
- Gurgan Clinic IVF and Women Health Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Akgun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Bakırarar
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Guo J, Khatri A, Maeda A, Potts JT, Jüppner H, Gardella TJ. Prolonged Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Actions of a Pegylated Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Peptide Fragment. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:86-98. [PMID: 27428040 PMCID: PMC5199614 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) addition can prolong the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of a bioactive peptide in vivo, in part by impeding rates of glomerular filtration. For parathyroid hormone (PTH) peptides, pegylation could help in exploring the actions of the hormone in the kidney; e.g., in dissecting the relative roles that filtered versus blood-borne PTH play in regulating phosphate transport. It could also lead to potential alternate forms of treatment for hypoparathyroidism. We thus synthesized the fluorescent pegylated PTH derivative [Lys13 (tetramethylrhodamine {TMR}), Cys35 (PEG-20,000 Da)]PTH(1-35) (PEG-PTHTMR ) and its non-pegylated counterpart [Lys13 (TMR), Cys35 ]PTH(1-35) (PTHTMR ) and assessed their properties in cells and in mice. In PTHR1-expressing HEK-293 cells, PEG-PTHTMR and PTHTMR exhibited similar potencies for inducing cAMP signaling, whereas when injected into mice, the pegylated analog persisted much longer in the circulation (>24 hours versus ∼ 1 hour) and induced markedly more prolonged calcemic and phosphaturic responses than did the non-pegylated control. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of kidney sections obtained from the injected mice revealed much less PEG-PTHTMR than PTHTMR on the luminal brush-border surfaces of renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs), on which PTH regulates phosphate transporter function, whereas immunostained phosphorylated PKA substrate, a marker of cAMP signaling, was increased to similar extents for the two ligands and for each, was localized to the basolateral portion of the PTCs. Pegylation of a bioactive PTH peptide thus led to prolonged pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties in vivo, as well as to new in vivo data that support a prominent role for PTH action at basolateral surfaces of renal proximal tubule cells. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akira Maeda
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John T Potts
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Shen J, Meyers CA, Shrestha S, Singh A, LaChaud G, Nguyen V, Asatrian G, Federman N, Bernthal N, Eilber FC, Dry SM, Ting K, Soo C, James AW. Sclerostin expression in skeletal sarcomas. Hum Pathol 2016; 58:24-34. [PMID: 27498059 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin (SOST) is an extracellular Wnt signaling antagonist which negatively regulates bone mass. Despite this, the expression and function of SOST in skeletal tumors remain poorly described. Here, we first describe the immunohistochemical staining pattern of SOST across benign and malignant skeletal tumors with bone or cartilage matrix (n=68 primary tumors). Next, relative SOST expression was compared to markers of Wnt signaling activity and osteogenic differentiation across human osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines (n=7 cell lines examined). Results showed immunohistochemical detection of SOST in most bone-forming tumors (90.2%; 46/51) and all cartilage-forming tumors (100%; 17/17). Among OSs, variable intensity and distribution of SOST expression were observed, which highly correlated with the presence and degree of neoplastic bone. Patchy SOST expression was observed in cartilage-forming tumors, which did not distinguish between benign and malignant tumors or correlate with regional morphologic characteristics. Finally, SOST expression varied widely between OS cell lines, with more than 97-fold variation. Among OS cell lines, SOST expression positively correlated with the marker of osteogenic differentiation alkaline phosphatase and did not correlate well with markers of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. In summary, SOST is frequently expressed in skeletal bone- and cartilage-forming tumors. The strong spatial correlation with bone formation and the in vitro expression patterns are in line with the known functions of SOST in nonneoplastic bone, as a feedback inhibitor on osteogenic differentiation. With anti-SOST as a potential therapy for osteoporosis in the near future, its basic biologic and phenotypic consequences in skeletal tumors should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shen
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Carolyn A Meyers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Swati Shrestha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Greg LaChaud
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Vi Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Greg Asatrian
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Nicholas Bernthal
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Kang Ting
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Chia Soo
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.
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37
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Sepsis-Induced Osteoblast Ablation Causes Immunodeficiency. Immunity 2016; 44:1434-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Newman MR, Benoit DS. Local and targeted drug delivery for bone regeneration. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:125-132. [PMID: 27064433 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While experimental bone regeneration approaches commonly employ cells, technological hurdles prevent translation of these therapies. Alternatively, emulating the spatiotemporal cascade of endogenous factors through controlled drug delivery may provide superior bone regenerative approaches. Surgically placed drug depots have clinical indications. Additionally, noninvasive systemic delivery can be used as needed for poorly healing bone injuries. However, a major hurdle for systemic delivery is poor bone biodistribution of drugs. Thus, peptides, aptamers, and phosphate-rich compounds with specificity toward proteins, cells, and molecules within the regenerative bone microenvironment may enable the design of targeted carriers with bone biodistribution greater than that achieved by drug alone. These carriers, combined with osteoregenerative drugs and/or stimuli-sensitive linkers, may enhance bone regeneration while minimizing off-target tissue effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen R Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Sw Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Yamada T, Ezura Y, Hayata T, Moriya S, Shirakawa J, Notomi T, Arayal S, Kawasaki M, Izu Y, Harada K, Noda M. β₂ adrenergic receptor activation suppresses bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced alkaline phosphatase expression in osteoblast-like MC3T3E1 cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1144-52. [PMID: 25536656 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β adrenergic stimulation suppresses bone formation in vivo while its actions in osteoblastic differentiation are still incompletely understood. We therefore examined the effects of β2 adrenergic stimulation on osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells focusing on BMP-induced alkaline phosphatase expression. Morphologically, isoproterenol treatment suppresses BMP-induced increase in the numbers of alkaline phosphatase-positive small foci in the cultures of MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochemically, isoproterenol treatment suppresses BMP-induced enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase in a dose-dependent manner. Isoproterenol suppression of alkaline phosphatase activity is observed even when the cells are treated with high concentrations of BMP. With respect to cell density, isoproterenol treatment tends to suppress BMP-induced increase in alkaline phosphatase expression more in osteoblasts cultured at higher cell density. In terms of treatment protocol, continuous isoproterenol treatment is compared to cyclic treatment. Continuous isoproterenol treatment is more suppressive against BMP-induced increase in alkaline phosphatase expression than cyclic regimen. At molecular level, isoproterenol treatment suppresses BMP-induced enhancement of alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression. Regarding the mode of isoproterenol action, isoproterenol suppresses BMP-induced BRE-luciferase activity. These data indicate that isoproterenol regulates BMP-induced alkaline phosphatase expression in osteoblast-like MC3T3E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Global COE Program, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Molecular mechanisms of osteoporotic hip fractures in elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2015; 73:49-58. [PMID: 26608808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A common manifestation of age-related bone loss and resultant osteoporosis are fractures of the hip. Age-related osteoporosis is thought to be determined by a number of intrinsic factors including genetics, hormonal changes, changes in levels of oxidative stress, or an inflammatory status associated with the aging process. The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression and bone architecture in bone samples derived from elderly osteoporotic women with hip fractures (OP) in comparison to bone samples from age matched women with osteoarthritis of the hip (OA). Femoral heads and adjacent neck tissue were collected from 10 women with low-trauma hip fractures (mean age 83±6) and consecutive surgical hip replacement. Ten bone samples from patients undergoing hip replacement due to osteoarthritis (mean age 80±5) served as controls. One half of each bone sample was subjected to gene expression analysis. The second half of each bone sample was analyzed by microcomputed tomography. From each half, samples from four different regions, the central and subcortical region of the femoral head and neck, were analyzed. We could show a significantly decreased expression of the osteoblast related genes RUNX2, Osterix, Sclerostin, WNT10B, and Osteocalcin, a significantly increased ratio of RANKL to Osteoprotegerin, and a significantly increased expression of the enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase GPX3, and of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in bone samples from hip fracture patients compared to controls. Major microstructural changes in OP bone were seen in the neck and were characterized by a significant decrease of bone volume, trabecular number, and connectivity density and a significant increase of trabecular separation. In conclusion, our data give evidence for a decreased expression of osteoblast related genes and increased expression of osteoclast related genes. Furthermore, increased expression of SOD2 and GPX3 suggest increased antioxidative activity in bone samples from elderly osteoporotic women with hip fractures.
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Recknor CP, Recker RR, Benson CT, Robins DA, Chiang AY, Alam J, Hu L, Matsumoto T, Sowa H, Sloan JH, Konrad RJ, Mitlak BH, Sipos AA. The Effect of Discontinuing Treatment With Blosozumab: Follow-up Results of a Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mineral Density. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1717-25. [PMID: 25707611 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Administration of blosozumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds sclerostin, increases bone formation and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with low BMD. To evaluate the effect of discontinuing blosozumab, we studied women enrolled in a 1-year randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial for an additional year after they completed treatment. Of the 120 women initially enrolled in the study, 106 women completed treatment and continued into follow-up; 88 women completed 1 year of follow-up. At the beginning of follow-up, groups remained balanced for age, race, and body mass index, but lumbar spine and total hip BMD were increased in prior blosozumab groups, reflecting an anabolic treatment effect. At the end of follow-up, 1 year after discontinuing treatment, lumbar spine BMD remained significantly greater than placebo in women initially treated with blosozumab 270 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) and blosozumab 180 mg Q2W (6.9% and 3.6% above baseline, respectively). Total hip BMD also declined after discontinuation of treatment but at 1 year after treatment remained significantly greater than placebo in women initially treated with blosozumab 270 mg Q2W and blosozumab 180 mg Q2W (3.9% and 2.6% above baseline, respectively). During follow-up, median serum P1NP was not consistently different between the prior blosozumab groups and placebo. A similar pattern was apparent for median serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx) levels, with more variability. Mean serum total sclerostin concentration increased with blosozumab, indicating target engagement, and declined to baseline after discontinuation. There were no adverse events considered related to prior treatment with blosozumab. Anti-drug antibodies generally declined in patients who had detectable levels during prior treatment. These findings support the continued study of blosozumab as an anabolic therapy for treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Leijun Hu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fuji Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Wei B, Wei W. Identification of aberrantly expressed of serum microRNAs in patients with hormone-induced non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 75:191-5. [PMID: 26298803 PMCID: PMC7127261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The non-translation RNA-microRNA (miRNA) has been demonstrated to correlate to various disease occurrence in body. Serum miRNA was gradually considered as molecular markers for disease diagnosis. This study was designed to analyze differential serum miRNAs level in hormone-induced non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (hormone-NOFH) patients. Methods We selected 30 patients with hormone-NOFH as case group, and 30 healthy volunteers were recruited as control group. miRCURYTM LNA miRNA chip and quantitative RT-PCR were used to examine differential miRNAs expression. Correlation assay was performed between miRNAs and NOFH trait. Results We found that 9 miRNAs were upregulated while 3 miRNAs were downregulated in hormone-TOFH patient serum by result of miRNA chip. QRT-PCR assay revealed that the level of miR-423-5p was significantly increased and miR-10a-5p was significantly decreased. Using Spearman correlation analysis, we observed that miR-423-5p serum level is positive association to FHC levels whereas miR-10a-5p has no association with FHC levels. Furthermore, miR-423-5p is negatively correlated to its downstream molecule-adiponectin. Conclusion We report a miRNA profile of hormone-NOFH and provide a new perspective to understand this intricate disease. This novel information suggests the potential roles of miR-423-5p in the diagnosis, prognosis biomarkers, or therapy targets of hormone-NOFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaofang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic, First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 Jichang Rd., Guangzhou 510405, China.
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43
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The role and regulation of osteoclasts in normal bone homeostasis and in response to injury. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 135:808-816. [PMID: 25719699 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue, with a range of diverse functions, including locomotion, protection of internal organs, and hematopoiesis. Optimum treatment of fractures and/or bone defects requires knowledge of the complex cellular interactions involved with bone healing and remodeling. Emerging data have underscored the importance of osteoclasts in this process, playing a key role both in normal bone turnover and in facilitating bone regeneration. In this review, the authors discuss the basic principles of osteoclast biology, including its cellular origins, its function, and key regulatory mechanisms, in addition to conditions that arise when osteoclast function is altered.
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44
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Shah AD, Shoback D, Lewiecki EM. Sclerostin inhibition: a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of osteoporosis. Int J Womens Health 2015; 7:565-80. [PMID: 26082665 PMCID: PMC4459616 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s73244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures are growing problems with the aging population and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. At this time, other than parathyroid hormone analogs, all therapies for osteoporosis are antiresorptive. Therefore, researchers have focused efforts on development of more anabolic therapies. Understanding of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is critical for skeletal development, and the role of sclerostin in inhibition of Wnt signaling has led to the discovery of a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of osteoporosis – sclerostin inhibition. In this review, we discuss the biology of Wnt signaling and sclerostin inhibition. We then discuss human disorders of decreased sclerostin function and animal models of sclerostin inhibition. Both have served to elucidate the effects of decreased sclerostin levels and function – increased bone mass and strength and fewer fractures. In addition, we review data from Phase I and II studies of the two humanized sclerostin monoclonal antibodies, romosozumab and blosozumab, both of which have had positive effects on bone mineral density. We conclude with a discussion of the ongoing Phase III studies of romosozumab. The available data support the potential for neutralizing sclerostin monoclonal antibodies to serve as anabolic agents in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti D Shah
- Division of endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Shoback
- Division of endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA ; Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Michael Lewiecki
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA ; New Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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45
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Reagan MR, Liaw L, Rosen CJ, Ghobrial IM. Dynamic interplay between bone and multiple myeloma: emerging roles of the osteoblast. Bone 2015; 75:161-9. [PMID: 25725265 PMCID: PMC4580250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the unrelenting proliferation of plasma cells. Multiple myeloma causes osteolytic lesions and fractures that do not heal due to decreased osteoblastic and increased osteoclastic activity. However, the exact relationship between osteoblasts and myeloma cells remains elusive. Understanding the interactions between these dynamic bone-forming cells and myeloma cells is crucial to understanding how osteolytic lesions form and persist and how tumors grow within the bone marrow. This review provides a comprehensive overview of basic and translational research focused on the role of osteoblasts in multiple myeloma progression and their relationship to osteolytic lesions. Importantly, current challenges for in vitro studies exploring direct osteoblastic effects on myeloma cells, and gaps in understanding the role of the osteoblast in myeloma progression are delineated. Finally, successes and challenges in myeloma treatment with osteoanabolic therapy (i.e., any treatment that induces increased osteoblastic number or activity) are enumerated. Our goal is to illuminate novel mechanisms by which osteoblasts may contribute to multiple myeloma disease progression and osteolysis to better direct research efforts. Ultimately, we hope this may provide a roadmap for new approaches to the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma with a particular focus on the osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Marie PJ. Osteoblast dysfunctions in bone diseases: from cellular and molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1347-61. [PMID: 25487608 PMCID: PMC11113967 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several metabolic, genetic and oncogenic bone diseases are characterized by defective or excessive bone formation. These abnormalities are caused by dysfunctions in the commitment, differentiation or survival of cells of the osteoblast lineage. During the recent years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the osteoblast dysfunctions in osteoporosis, skeletal dysplasias and primary bone tumors. This led to suggest novel therapeutic approaches to correct these abnormalities such as the modulation of WNT signaling, the pharmacological modulation of proteasome-mediated protein degradation, the induction of osteoprogenitor cell differentiation, the repression of cancer cell proliferation and the manipulation of epigenetic mechanisms. This article reviews our current understanding of the major cellular and molecular mechanisms inducing osteoblastic cell abnormalities in age-related bone loss, genetic skeletal dysplasias and primary bone tumors, and discusses emerging therapeutic strategies to counteract the osteoblast abnormalities in these disorders of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- INSERM UMR-1132, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475, Paris Cedex 10, France,
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Martin PJ, Haren N, Ghali O, Clabaut A, Chauveau C, Hardouin P, Broux O. Adipogenic RNAs are transferred in osteoblasts via bone marrow adipocytes-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:10. [PMID: 25887582 PMCID: PMC4369894 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In osteoporosis, bone loss is accompanied by increased marrow adiposity. Given their proximity in the bone marrow and their shared origin, a dialogue between adipocytes and osteoblasts could be a factor in the competition between human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSC) differentiation routes, leading to adipocyte differentiation at the expense of osteoblast differentiation. The adipocyte/osteoblast balance is highly regulated at the level of gene transcription. In our work, we focused on PPARgamma, CEBPalpha and CEBPdelta, as these transcription factors are seen as master regulators of adipogenesis and expressed precociously, and on leptin and adiponectin, considered as adipocyte marker genes. In 2010, our group has demonstrated, thanks to a coculture model, that in the presence of hMSC-derived adipocytes (hMSC-Adi), hMSC-derived osteoblasts (hMSC-Ost) express lesser amounts of osteogenic markers but exhibit the expression of typical adipogenic genes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this modulation of gene expression are not clarified. Recently, adipocytes were described as releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing and transferring adipocyte specific transcripts, like PPARgamma, leptin and adiponectin. Here, we investigated whether EVs could be the way in which adipocytes transfer adipogenic RNAs in our coculture model. Results We observed in hMSC-Ost incubated in hAdi-CM an increase in the adipogenic PPARγ, leptin, CEBPα and CEBPδ transcripts as well as the anti-osteoblastic miR-138, miR30c, miR125a, miR-125b, miR-31 miRNAs, probably implicated in the observed osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP) expression decrease. Moreover, EVs were isolated from conditioned media collected from cultures of hMSC at different stages of adipocyte differentiation and these specific adipogenic transcripts were detected inside. Finally, thanks to interspecies conditioned media exposition, we could highlight for the first time a horizontal transfer of adipogenic transcripts from medullary adipocytes to osteoblasts. Conclusions Here, we have shown, for the first time, RNA transfer between hMSC-derived adipocytes and osteoblasts through EVs. Additional studies are needed to clarify if this mechanism has a role in the adipocytic switch driven on osteoblasts by adipocytes inside bone marrow and if EVs could be a target component to regulate the competition between osteoblasts and adipocytes in the prevention or in the therapy of osteoporosis and other osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine J Martin
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France. .,UCEIV EA 4492, F-59140, Dunkerque, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA4492 - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2, ULCO, 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Nathalie Haren
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Olfa Ghali
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Aline Clabaut
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Pierre Hardouin
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Odile Broux
- Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France. .,PMOI EA 4490, IFR 114, F-62327 Boulogne sur Mer and F-59000, Lille, France. .,Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULCO, F-62327, Boulogne sur Mer, France.
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Li CJ, Cheng P, Liang MK, Chen YS, Lu Q, Wang JY, Xia ZY, Zhou HD, Cao X, Xie H, Liao EY, Luo XH. MicroRNA-188 regulates age-related switch between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1509-22. [PMID: 25751060 DOI: 10.1172/jci77716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibit an age-dependent reduction in osteogenesis that is accompanied by an increased propensity toward adipocyte differentiation. This switch increases adipocyte numbers and decreases the number of osteoblasts, contributing to age-related bone loss. Here, we found that the level of microRNA-188 (miR-188) is markedly higher in BMSCs from aged compared with young mice and humans. Compared with control mice, animals lacking miR-188 showed a substantial reduction of age-associated bone loss and fat accumulation in bone marrow. Conversely, mice with transgenic overexpression of miR-188 in osterix+ osteoprogenitors had greater age-associated bone loss and fat accumulation in bone marrow relative to WT mice. Moreover, using an aptamer delivery system, we found that BMSC-specific overexpression of miR-188 in mice reduced bone formation and increased bone marrow fat accumulation. We identified histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) and RPTOR-independent companion of MTOR complex 2 (RICTOR) as the direct targets of miR-188. Notably, BMSC-specific inhibition of miR-188 by intra-bone marrow injection of aptamer-antagomiR-188 increased bone formation and decreased bone marrow fat accumulation in aged mice. Together, our results indicate that miR-188 is a key regulator of the age-related switch between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs and may represent a potential therapeutic target for age-related bone loss.
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Pazianas M. Anabolic effects of PTH and the 'anabolic window'. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:111-3. [PMID: 25662368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Maximization of the anabolic effects of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has recently been at the forefront of clinical research in the area of osteoporosis, with the 'anabolic window' concept as its main driving force. The outcome of these attempts, however, has not been encouraging. This article examines whether the concept itself is based on sound evidence, related pathophysiological aspects, and whether the new anti-sclerostin antibodies could have extended anabolic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pazianas
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
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