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Mehraeen E, Dadras O, Afsahi AM, Karimi A, MohsseniPour M, Mirzapour P, Barzegary A, Behnezhad F, Habibi P, Salehi MA, Vahedi F, Heydari M, Kianzad S, Moradmand-Badie B, Javaherian M, SeyedAlinaghi S, Sabatier JM. Vaccines for COVID-19: A Review of Feasibility and Effectiveness. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:e230921196758. [PMID: 34554905 DOI: 10.2174/1871526521666210923144837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many potential vaccines for COVID-19 are being studied, and several studies have reported the results of these vaccines. We aimed to review the current evidence of the feasibility and effectiveness of Vaccines for COVID-19. METHODS A search was carried out utilizing the keywords in the online databases, including Scopus,Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. We included both human and non-human studies because of the vaccine novelty, which could limit our ability to include sufficient human studies. RESULTS The review of studies showed that several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are under development; different platforms are being used, including eight vaccines are adenovirus-based vectors, six vaccines are RNA-based formulations, one vaccine is DNA-based formulations, and other vaccines are using other platforms, including lipid nano particles. CONCLUSION It is crucial to gather as much clinically relevant evidence as possible regarding the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety profiles of these vaccines and adhere wisely to CDC protocols and guidelines of vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Omid Dadras
- Department of Global Health and Socioepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto. Japan
| | - Amir Masoud Afsahi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego [UCSD], California. United States
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad MohsseniPour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Mirzapour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzane Behnezhad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Habibi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Salehi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Vahedi
- School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heydari
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Kianzad
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 7134845794, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javaherian
- Department of Physiotherapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Université Aix-Marseille, Institut deNeuro-physiopathologie [INP],UMR 7051, Faculté de Pharmacie,27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385Marseille Cedex, France
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Krammer F. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development. Nature 2020; 586:516-527. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1225] [Impact Index Per Article: 306.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Loes AN, Gentles LE, Greaney AJ, Crawford KHD, Bloom JD. Attenuated Influenza Virions Expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Induce Neutralizing Antibodies in Mice. Viruses 2020; 12:E987. [PMID: 32899480 PMCID: PMC7552029 DOI: 10.3390/v12090987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine is essential for controlling the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we describe an influenza virus-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. We incorporated a membrane-anchored form of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) in place of the neuraminidase (NA) coding sequence in an influenza virus also possessing a mutation that reduces the affinity of hemagglutinin for its sialic acid receptor. The resulting ΔNA(RBD)-Flu virus can be generated by reverse genetics and grown to high titers in cell culture. A single-dose intranasal inoculation of mice with ΔNA(RBD)-Flu elicits serum neutralizing antibody titers against SAR-CoV-2 comparable to those observed in humans following natural infection (~1:200). Furthermore, ΔNA(RBD)-Flu itself causes no apparent disease in mice. It might be possible to produce a vaccine similar to ΔNA(RBD)-Flu at scale by leveraging existing platforms for the production of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Loes
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (A.N.L.); (L.E.G.); (A.J.G.); (K.H.D.C.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Lauren E. Gentles
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (A.N.L.); (L.E.G.); (A.J.G.); (K.H.D.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7735, USA
| | - Allison J. Greaney
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (A.N.L.); (L.E.G.); (A.J.G.); (K.H.D.C.)
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katharine H. D. Crawford
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (A.N.L.); (L.E.G.); (A.J.G.); (K.H.D.C.)
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (A.N.L.); (L.E.G.); (A.J.G.); (K.H.D.C.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7735, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Loes AN, Gentles LE, Greaney AJ, Crawford KHD, Bloom JD. Attenuated influenza virions expressing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain induce neutralizing antibodies in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.08.12.248823. [PMID: 32817935 PMCID: PMC7430565 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.12.248823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
An effective vaccine is essential to controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we describe an influenza-virus-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. We incorporated a membrane-anchored form of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) in place of the neuraminidase (NA) coding sequence in an influenza virus also possessing a mutation that reduces the affinity of hemagglutinin for its sialic acid receptor. The resulting ΔNA(RBD)-Flu virus can be generated by reverse genetics and grown to high titers in cell culture. A single-dose intranasal inoculation of mice with ΔNA(RBD)-Flu elicits serum neutralizing antibody titers against SAR-CoV-2 comparable to those observed in humans following natural infection (~1:200). Furthermore, ΔNA(RBD)-Flu itself causes no apparent disease in mice. It might be possible to produce a vaccine similar to ΔNA(RBD)-Flu at scale by leveraging existing platforms for production of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Loes
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Lauren E. Gentles
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7735, USA
| | - Allison J. Greaney
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katharine H. D. Crawford
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7735, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Sun W, McCroskery S, Liu WC, Leist SR, Liu Y, Albrecht RA, Slamanig S, Oliva J, Amanat F, Schaefer A, Dinnon KH, Innis BL, Garcia-Sastre A, Krammer F, Baric RS, Palese P. A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing membrane-anchored spike as a cost-effective inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32766572 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.30.229120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A successful SARS-CoV-2 vaccine must be not only safe and protective but must also meet the demand on a global scale at low cost. Using the current influenza virus vaccine production capacity to manufacture an egg-based inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV)/SARS-CoV-2 vaccine would meet that challenge. Here, we report pre-clinical evaluations of an inactivated NDV chimera stably expressing the membrane-anchored form of the spike (NDV-S) as a potent COVID-19 vaccine in mice and hamsters. The inactivated NDV-S vaccine was immunogenic, inducing strong binding and/or neutralizing antibodies in both animal models. More importantly, the inactivated NDV-S vaccine protected animals from SARS-CoV-2 infections or significantly attenuated SARS-CoV-2 induced disease. In the presence of an adjuvant, antigen-sparing could be achieved, which would further reduce the cost while maintaining the protective efficacy of the vaccine.
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