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Leung D, Cohen CA, Mu X, Rosa Duque J, Cheng SMS, Wang X, Wang M, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Tam I, Lam JHY, Chan SM, Chaothai S, Kwan KKH, Chan KCK, Li J, Luk LLH, Tsang LCH, Chu N, Wong WHS, Mori M, Leung W, Valkenburg S, Peiris M, Tu W, Lau YL. Immunogenicity against wild-type and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 after a third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adolescents. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106837. [PMID: 36949953 PMCID: PMC10026957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CoronaVac cannot elicit high efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19, especially against the Omicron variant, but that can be improved by a third dose in adults. The use of a third dose of CoronaVac in adolescents may be supported by immunobridging studies in the absence of efficacy data. Methods With an immunobridging design, our study (NCT04800133) tested the non-inferiority of the binding and neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses induced by a third dose of CoronaVac in healthy adolescents (N=94, median age 14.2 years, 56% male) compared to adults (N=153, median age 48.1 years, 44% male). Responses against wild-type (WT) and BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 were compared in adolescents. Safety and reactogenicity were also monitored. Results A homologous third dose of CoronaVac further enhanced antibody response in adolescents compared to just 2 doses. Adolescents mounted non-inferior antibody and T cell responses compared to adults. Although S IgG and neutralizing antibody responses to BA.1 were lower than to WT, they remained detectable in 96% and 86% of adolescents. T cell responses to peptide pools spanning only the mutations of BA.1 S, N and M in adolescents were preserved, increased, and halved compared to WT respectively. No safety concerns were identified. Discussion The primary vaccination series of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for adolescents should include 3 doses for improved humoral immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carolyn A. Cohen
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jaime S. Rosa Duque
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel M. S. Cheng
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiwei Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Manni Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Issan Y. S. Tam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jennifer H. Y. Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau Man Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sara Chaothai
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelvin K. H. Kwan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karl C. K. Chan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John K. C. Li
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leo L. H. Luk
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leo C. H. Tsang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nym Coco Chu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wilfred H. S. Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Wing Hang Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophie Valkenburg
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sophie Valkenburg, ; Malik Peiris, ; Wenwei Tu, ; Yu Lung Lau,
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology & Infection C2i, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Sophie Valkenburg, ; Malik Peiris, ; Wenwei Tu, ; Yu Lung Lau,
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Sophie Valkenburg, ; Malik Peiris, ; Wenwei Tu, ; Yu Lung Lau,
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Sophie Valkenburg, ; Malik Peiris, ; Wenwei Tu, ; Yu Lung Lau,
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Li H, Zhu X, Yu R, Qian X, Huang Y, Chen X, Lin H, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Lin J, Deng Y, Zhong W, Ji Y, Li Q, Fang J, Yang X, Lin R, Chen F, Su Z, Xie B, Li H. The effects of vaccination on the disease severity and factors for viral clearance and hospitalization in Omicron-infected patients: A retrospective observational cohort study from recent regional outbreaks in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:988694. [PMID: 36420118 PMCID: PMC9677104 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.988694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECT This study attempted to explore the effects of vaccination on disease severity and the factors for viral clearance and hospitalization in omicron-infected patients. METHODS The clinical manifestations of 3,265 Omicron-infected patients (BA.2 lineage variant; the Omicron group) were compared with those of 226 Delta-infected patients (the Delta group). A Multi-class logistic regression model was employed to analyze the impacts of vaccination doses and intervals on disease severity; a logistic regression model to evaluate the risk factors for hospitalization; R 4.1.2 data analysis to investigate the factors for time for nucleic acid negativization (NAN). RESULTS Compared with the Delta group, the Omicron group reported a fast transmission, mild symptoms, and lower severity incidence, and a significant inverse correlation of vaccination dose with clinical severity (OR: 0.803, 95%CI: 0.742-0.868, p<0.001). Of the 7 or 5 categories of vaccination status, the risk of severity significantly decreased only at ≥21 days after three doses (OR: 0.618, 95% CI: 0.475-0.803, p<0.001; OR: 0.627, 95% CI: 0.482-0.815, p<0.001, respectively). The Omicron group also reported underlying illness as an independent factor for hospitalization, sore throat as a protective factor, and much shorter time for NAN [15 (12,19) vs. 16 (12,22), p<0.05]. NAN was associated positively with age, female gender, fever, cough, and disease severity, but negatively with vaccination doses. CONCLUSION Booster vaccination should be advocated for COVID-19 pandemic-related control and prevention policies and adequate precautions should be taken for patients with underlying conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Big Data Engineering, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Rongguo Yu
- Department of Surgical Critical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Qian
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Emergency Center of Fujian Provincial Hospital, National Emergency Rescue Team (Fujian), Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Health Commission, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- College of Mathematics and Statistics & Fujian Key Laboratory of Mathematical Analysisand Applications (FJKLMAA), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haibin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Huiming Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Lin
- Medical Affairs Office, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Deng
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuejiao Ji
- College of Mathematics and Statistics & Fujian Key Laboratory of Mathematical Analysisand Applications (FJKLMAA), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Quanzhou First Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangsu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Quanzhou First Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Big Data Engineering, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Jacobsen H, Cobos Jiménez V, Sitaras I, Bar-Zeev N, Čičin-Šain L, Higdon MM, Deloria-Knoll M. Post-vaccination T cell immunity to omicron. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944713. [PMID: 35990661 PMCID: PMC9386871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In late 2021, the omicron variant of SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and replaced the previously dominant delta strain. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against omicron has been challenging to estimate in clinical studies or is not available for all vaccines or populations of interest. T cell function can be predictive of vaccine longevity and effectiveness against disease, likely in a more robust way than antibody neutralization. In this mini review, we summarize the evidence on T cell immunity against omicron including effects of boosters, homologous versus heterologous regimens, hybrid immunity, memory responses and vaccine product. Overall, T cell reactivity in post-vaccine specimens is largely preserved against omicron, indicating that vaccines utilizing the parental antigen continue to be protective against disease caused by the omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Jacobsen
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Henning Jacobsen,
| | - Viviana Cobos Jiménez
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ioannis Sitaras
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), a joint venture of HZI and MHH, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig site, Germany
| | - Melissa M. Higdon
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria Deloria-Knoll
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Tabilo Valenzuela PB, Flores Balter G, Saint-Pierre Contreras G, Conei Valencia D, Moreno Calderón C, Bohle Venegas C, Guajardo Rivera M, Silva Ojeda F, Vial Covarrubias MJ. Cellular Immune Response in Patients Immunized with Three Vaccine Doses of Different Vaccination Schemes Authorized by the Chilean Ministry of Health in January 2022. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040534. [PMID: 35455024 PMCID: PMC9030012 DOI: 10.3390/life12040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, a case of atypical pneumonia was reported in Wuhan, China. It was named COVID-19 and caused by SARS-CoV-2. In a few months, scientific groups around the world developed vaccines to reduce the disease’s severity. The objective was to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response post immunization with three different vaccination schedules administered in Chile until January 2022. Sixty volunteers were recruited with a three-dose schedule, who had no history of infection nor close contact with a positive patient. IgG against the spike antigenic domain was detected, and the neutralization capacity against two groups of variants, Original/Alpha and Beta/Gamma, was also measured. Finally, the cellular response with interferon release was measured through IGRA. Results showed that there were significant differences in the neutralizing antibodies for the original and alpha variant when comparing three Comirnaty doses with Coronavac and Vaxzevria. A high number of reactive subjects against the different SARS-CoV-2 variants, alpha, gamma, and delta, were observed, with no significant differences between any of the three schemes, confirming the existence of a cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, the three vaccine schemes generated a cellular immune response in these volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Beatriz Tabilo Valenzuela
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (G.F.B.); (G.S.-P.C.); (C.M.C.); (C.B.V.); (M.G.R.); (F.S.O.); (M.J.V.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +56-22-2978-8070
| | - Gabriela Flores Balter
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (G.F.B.); (G.S.-P.C.); (C.M.C.); (C.B.V.); (M.G.R.); (F.S.O.); (M.J.V.C.)
| | - Gustavo Saint-Pierre Contreras
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (G.F.B.); (G.S.-P.C.); (C.M.C.); (C.B.V.); (M.G.R.); (F.S.O.); (M.J.V.C.)
| | - Daniel Conei Valencia
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile
| | - Catalina Moreno Calderón
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (G.F.B.); (G.S.-P.C.); (C.M.C.); (C.B.V.); (M.G.R.); (F.S.O.); (M.J.V.C.)
| | - Constanza Bohle Venegas
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (G.F.B.); (G.S.-P.C.); (C.M.C.); (C.B.V.); (M.G.R.); (F.S.O.); (M.J.V.C.)
| | - Marcia Guajardo Rivera
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (G.F.B.); (G.S.-P.C.); (C.M.C.); (C.B.V.); (M.G.R.); (F.S.O.); (M.J.V.C.)
| | - Francisco Silva Ojeda
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (G.F.B.); (G.S.-P.C.); (C.M.C.); (C.B.V.); (M.G.R.); (F.S.O.); (M.J.V.C.)
| | - Maria Jesus Vial Covarrubias
- Servicio de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (G.F.B.); (G.S.-P.C.); (C.M.C.); (C.B.V.); (M.G.R.); (F.S.O.); (M.J.V.C.)
- Jefe Departamento Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
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