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Ivanova EN, Shwetar J, Devlin JC, Buus TB, Gray-Gaillard S, Koide A, Cornelius A, Samanovic MI, Herrera A, Mimitou EP, Zhang C, Karmacharya T, Desvignes L, Ødum N, Smibert P, Ulrich RJ, Mulligan MJ, Koide S, Ruggles KV, Herati RS, Koralov SB. mRNA COVID-19 vaccine elicits potent adaptive immune response without the acute inflammation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. iScience 2023; 26:108572. [PMID: 38213787 PMCID: PMC10783604 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit potent immune responses. Our study presents a comprehensive multimodal single-cell analysis of blood from COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and booster. We profiled immune responses via transcriptional analysis and lymphocyte repertoire reconstruction. COVID-19 patients displayed an enhanced interferon signature and cytotoxic gene upregulation, absent in vaccine recipients. B and T cell repertoire analysis revealed clonal expansion among effector cells in COVID-19 patients and memory cells in vaccine recipients. Furthermore, while clonal αβ T cell responses were observed in both COVID-19 patients and vaccine recipients, expansion of clonal γδ T cells was found only in infected individuals. Our dataset enables side-by-side comparison of immune responses to infection versus vaccination, including clonal B and T cell responses. Our comparative analysis shows that vaccination induces a robust, durable clonal B and T cell responses, without the severe inflammation associated with infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie N. Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jasmine Shwetar
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph C. Devlin
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Terkild B. Buus
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Gray-Gaillard
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amber Cornelius
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marie I. Samanovic
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alberto Herrera
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Chenzhen Zhang
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Trishala Karmacharya
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ludovic Desvignes
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- High Containment Laboratories, Office of Science and Research, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Robert J. Ulrich
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V. Ruggles
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ramin S. Herati
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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