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Ishikawa T, Domergue F, Amato A, Corellou F. Characterization of Unique Eukaryotic Sphingolipids with Temperature-Dependent Δ8-Unsaturation from the Picoalga Ostreococcus tauri. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1029-1046. [PMID: 38252418 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic cell membranes and are found in some prokaryotic organisms and viruses. They are composed of a sphingoid backbone that may be acylated and glycosylated. Assembly of various sphingoid base, fatty acyl and glycosyl moieties results in highly diverse structures. The functional significance of variations in SL chemical diversity and abundance is still in the early stages of investigation. Among SL modifications, Δ8-desaturation of the sphingoid base occurs only in plants and fungi. In plants, SL Δ8-unsaturation is involved in cold hardiness. Our knowledge of the structure and functions of SLs in microalgae lags far behind that of animals, plants and fungi. Original SL structures have been reported from microalgae. However, functional studies are still missing. Ostreococcus tauri is a minimal microalga at the base of the green lineage and is therefore a key organism for understanding lipid evolution. In the present work, we achieved the detailed characterization of O. tauri SLs and unveiled unique glycosylceramides as sole complex SLs. The head groups are reminiscent of bacterial SLs, as they contain hexuronic acid residues and can be polyglycosylated. Ceramide backbones show a limited variety, and SL modification is restricted to Δ8-unsaturation. The Δ8-SL desaturase from O. tauri only produced E isomers. Expression of both Δ8-SL desaturase and Δ8-unsaturation of sphingolipids varied with temperature, with lower levels at 24°C than at 14°C. Overexpression of the Δ8-SL desaturase dramatically increases the level of Δ8 unsaturation at 24°C and is paralleled by a failure to increase cell size. Our work provides the first characterization of O. tauri SLs and functional evidence for the involvement of SL Δ8-unsaturation for temperature acclimation in microalgae, suggesting that this function is an ancestral feature in the green lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 225 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, University of Bordeaux, CNRSUMR 5200, Av. Edouard Bourlaux, Villenave d'Ornon 33140, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale et Cellulaire, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5168, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, 17 Av. Des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Florence Corellou
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale et Cellulaire, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5168, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, 17 Av. Des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
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Song Y, Yang X, Li S, Luo Y, Chang JS, Hu Z. Thraustochytrids as a promising source of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols: bioactive compound biosynthesis, and modern biotechnology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:618-640. [PMID: 37158096 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2196373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are eukaryotes and obligate marine protists. They are increasingly considered to be a promising feed additive because of their superior and sustainable application in the production of health-benefiting bioactive compounds, such as fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols. Moreover, the increasing demand makes it critical to rationally design the targeted products by engineering industrial strains. In this review, bioactive compounds accumulated in thraustochytrids were comprehensively evaluated according to their chemical structure, properties, and physiological function. Metabolic networks and biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols were methodically summarized. Further, stress-based strategies used in thraustochytrids were reviewed to explore the potential methodologies for enhancing specific product yields. There are internal relationships between the biosynthesis of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols in thraustochytrids since they share some branches of the synthetic routes with some intermediate substrates in common. Although there are classic synthesis pathways presented in the previous research, the metabolic flow of how these compounds are being synthesized in thraustochytrids still remains uncovered. Further, combined with omics technologies to deeply understand the mechanism and effects of different stresses is necessary, which could provide guidance for genetic engineering. While gene-editing technology has allowed targeted gene knock-in and knock-outs in thraustochytrids, efficient gene editing is still required. This critical review will provide comprehensive information to benefit boosting the commercial productivity of specific bioactive substances by thraustochytrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Song
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Luo
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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Ahmady L, Gothwal M, Mukkoli MM, Bari VK. Antifungal drug resistance in Candida: a special emphasis on amphotericin B. APMIS 2024; 132:291-316. [PMID: 38465406 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections in humans caused by several Candida species, increased considerably in immunocompromised or critically ill patients, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans is the most prevalent species, although the frequency of these organisms varies greatly according to geographic region. Infections with C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species have become more common, especially in the past 20 years, as a result of aging, immunosuppressive medication use, endocrine disorders, malnourishment, extended use of medical equipment, and an increase in immunogenic diseases. Despite C. albicans being the species most frequently associated with human infections, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei also have been identified. Several antifungal drugs with different modes of action are approved for use in clinical settings to treat fungal infections. However, due to the common eukaryotic structure of humans and fungi, only a limited number of antifungal drugs are available for therapeutic use. Furthermore, drug resistance in Candida species has emerged as a result of the growing use of currently available antifungal drugs against fungal infections. Amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene class of antifungal drugs, is mainly used for the treatment of serious systemic fungal infections. AmB interacts with fungal plasma membrane ergosterol, triggering cellular ion leakage via pore formation, or extracting the ergosterol from the plasma membrane inducing cellular death. AmB resistance is primarily caused by changes in the content or structure of ergosterol. This review summarizes the antifungal drug resistance exhibited by Candida species, with a special focus on AmB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lailema Ahmady
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Manisha Gothwal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Vinay Kumar Bari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Kulma M, Šakanović A, Bedina-Zavec A, Caserman S, Omersa N, Šolinc G, Orehek S, Hafner-Bratkovič I, Kuhar U, Slavec B, Krapež U, Ocepek M, Kobayashi T, Kwiatkowska K, Jerala R, Podobnik M, Anderluh G. Sequestration of membrane cholesterol by cholesterol-binding proteins inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry into Vero E6 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 716:149954. [PMID: 38704887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Membrane lipids and proteins form dynamic domains crucial for physiological and pathophysiological processes, including viral infection. Many plasma membrane proteins, residing within membrane domains enriched with cholesterol (CHOL) and sphingomyelin (SM), serve as receptors for attachment and entry of viruses into the host cell. Among these, human coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), use proteins associated with membrane domains for initial binding and internalization. We hypothesized that the interaction of lipid-binding proteins with CHOL in plasma membrane could sequestrate lipids and thus affect the efficiency of virus entry into host cells, preventing the initial steps of viral infection. We have prepared CHOL-binding proteins with high affinities for lipids in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Binding of the perfringolysin O domain four (D4) and its variant D4E458L to membrane CHOL impaired the internalization of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the pseudovirus complemented with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells was also decreased. Overall, our results demonstrate that the integrity of CHOL-rich membrane domains and the accessibility of CHOL in the membrane play an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Šakanović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Apolonija Bedina-Zavec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Caserman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Omersa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gašper Šolinc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Orehek
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Kuhar
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Slavec
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Krapež
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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5
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Yang Y, Hou J, Luan J. Resistance mechanisms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against silver nanoparticles with different sizes and coatings. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114581. [PMID: 38460669 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the underlying resistance mechanisms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against Ag-NPs with different particle sizes and coatings, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was used to characterize the transcriptomes from S. cerevisiae exposed to 20-PVP-Ag, 100-PVP-Ag, 20-CIT-Ag and 100-CIT-Ag, respectively. The steroid biosynthesis was found as a general pathway for Ag-NPs stress responding, in which ERG6 and ERG3 were inhibited and ERG11, ERG25 and ERG5 were significantly up-regulated to resist the stress by supporting the later mutation and resistance and modulate drug efflux indirectly. The resistance mechanism of S. cerevisiae to 20-PVP-Ag seems different from that of 100-PVP-Ag, 20-CIT-Ag and 100-CIT-Ag. Under the 20-PVP-Ag, transmembrane transporter activity, transition metal ion homeostasis and oxidative phosphorylation pathway were main resistance pathways to enhance cell transport processes. While 100-PVP-Ag, 20-CIT-Ag and 100-CIT-Ag mainly impacted RNA binding, structural constituent of ribosome and ribosome pathway which can provide more energy to maintain the number and function of protein in cells. This study reveals the differences in resistance mechanisms of S. cerevisiae to Ag-NPs with different particle sizes and coatings, and explains several main regulatory mechanisms used to respond to silver stress. It will provide theoretical basis for the study of chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Jian Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Jilin, 136000, PR China
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Wei J, Wong LC, Boland S. Lipids as Emerging Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:131. [PMID: 38203300 PMCID: PMC10778656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are molecules that can be used to observe changes in an individual's biochemical or medical status and provide information to aid diagnosis or treatment decisions. Dysregulation in lipid metabolism in the brain is a major risk factor for many neurodegenerative disorders, including frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thus, there is a growing interest in using lipids as biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases, with the anionic phospholipid bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate and (glyco-)sphingolipids being the most promising lipid classes thus far. In this review, we provide a general overview of lipid biology, provide examples of abnormal lysosomal lipid metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss how these insights might offer novel and promising opportunities in biomarker development and therapeutic discovery. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of lipid biomarkers and biomarker panels in diagnosis, prognosis, and/or treatment response in the clinic.
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Zong G, Cao G, Fu J, Zhang P, Chen X, Yan W, Xin L, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhang R. Novel mechanism of hydrogen peroxide for promoting efficient natamycin synthesis in Streptomyces. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087923. [PMID: 37695060 PMCID: PMC10580950 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00879-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of regulation of natamycin biosynthesis by Streptomyces in response to oxidative stress is unclear. Here, we first show cholesterol oxidase SgnE, which catalyzes the formation of H2O2 from sterols, triggered a series of redox-dependent interactions to stimulate natamycin production in S. gilvosporeus. In response to reactive oxygen species, residues Cys212 and Cys221 of the H2O2-sensing consensus sequence of OxyR were oxidized, resulting in conformational changes in the protein: OxyR extended its DNA-binding domain to interact with four motifs of promoter p sgnM . This acted as a redox-dependent switch to turn on/off gene transcription of sgnM, which encodes a cluster-situated regulator, by controlling the affinity between OxyR and p sgnM , thus regulating the expression of 12 genes in the natamycin biosynthesis gene cluster. OxyR cooperates with SgnR, another cluster-situated regulator and an upstream regulatory factor of SgnM, synergistically modulated natamycin biosynthesis by masking/unmasking the -35 region of p sgnM depending on the redox state of OxyR in response to the intracellular H2O2 concentration. IMPORTANCE Cholesterol oxidase SgnE is an indispensable factor, with an unclear mechanism, for natamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces. Oxidative stress has been attributed to the natamycin biosynthesis. Here, we show that SgnE catalyzes the formation of H2O2 from sterols and triggers a series of redox-dependent interactions to stimulate natamycin production in S. gilvosporeus. OxyR, which cooperates with SgnR, acted as a redox-dependent switch to turn on/off gene transcription of sgnM, which encodes a cluster-situated regulator, by masking/unmasking its -35 region, to control the natamycin biosynthesis gene cluster. This work provides a novel perspective on the crosstalk between intracellular ROS homeostasis and natamycin biosynthesis. Application of these findings will improve antibiotic yields via control of the intracellular redox pressure in Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongli Zong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Guangxiang Cao
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Jiafang Fu
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Wenxiu Yan
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Lulu Xin
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Zhongxue Wang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Madaan K, Bari VK. Emerging Role of Sphingolipids in Amphotericin B Drug Resistance. Microb Drug Resist 2023. [PMID: 37327022 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections in humans are common in people with compromised immune systems and are difficult to treat, resulting in high mortality. Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the main antifungal drugs available to treat these infections. AmB binds with plasma membrane ergosterol, causing leakage of cellular ions and promoting cell death. The increasing use of available antifungal drugs to combat pathogenic fungal infections has led to the development of drug resistance. AmB resistance is not very common and is usually caused by changes in the amount or type of ergosterol or changes in the cell wall. Intrinsic AmB resistance occurs in the absence of AmB exposure, whereas acquired AmB resistance can develop during treatment. However, clinical resistance arises due to treatment failure with AmB and depends on multiple factors such as the pharmacokinetics of AmB, infectious fungal species, and host immune status. Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen that can cause superficial infections of the skin and mucosal surfaces, thrush, to life-threatening systemic or invasive infections. In addition, immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible to systemic infections caused by Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus. Several antifungal drugs with different modes of action are used to treat systemic to invasive fungal infections and are approved for clinical use in the treatment of fungal diseases. However, C. albicans can develop a variety of defenses against antifungal medications. In fungi, plasma membrane sphingolipid molecules could interact with ergosterol, which can lead to the alteration of drug susceptibilities such as AmB. In this review, we mainly summarize the role of sphingolipid molecules and their regulators in AmB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Madaan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Bari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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9
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Aguilera-Romero A, Lucena R, Sabido-Bozo S, Muñiz M. Impact of sphingolipids on protein membrane trafficking. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159334. [PMID: 37201864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential to maintain the spatiotemporal control of protein and lipid distribution within membrane systems of eukaryotic cells. To achieve their functional destination proteins are sorted and transported into lipid carriers that construct the secretory and endocytic pathways. It is an emerging theme that lipid diversity might exist in part to ensure the homeostasis of these pathways. Sphingolipids, a chemical diverse type of lipids with special physicochemical characteristics have been implicated in the selective transport of proteins. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge about how sphingolipids modulate protein trafficking through the endomembrane systems to guarantee that proteins reach their functional destination and the proposed underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auxiliadora Aguilera-Romero
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susana Sabido-Bozo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñiz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
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10
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Smita N, Anusha R, Indu B, Sasikala C, Ramana CV. In silico analysis of sporulene biosynthesis pathway genes in the members of the class Bacilli. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:233. [PMID: 37171632 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sporulene, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, was discovered in Bacillus subtilis and is associated with bacterial endospores. However, the study was not further extended, leaving a trail of questions. One such question is what diversity of sporulenes exists among spore-forming members? Considering the sporulene biosynthesis pathway as a fundamental tool to survey the distribution of this molecule, a genome mining study was conducted. Mining for genes encoding putative proteins of sporulene biosynthesis pathway among the class Bacilli members revealed the presence of hepS, hepT, ytpB, and sqhC genes in the members of the family Bacillaceae, Caryophanaceae, Paenibacillaceae, and Sporolactobacillaceae. However, these genes were completely absent in the members of Staphylococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Aerococcaceae, Carnobacteriaceae, and Leuconostocaceae. Unlike other probable pathway related proteins, a conserved amino acid domain of putative terpenoid cyclase (YtpB) appeared deep-rooted among the genus Bacillus members. In-depth analysis showed the constant gene arrangement of hepS, hepT, ytpB, and sqhC genes in these members, there by demonstrating the conserved nature of sporulene biosynthesis pathway in the members of the genus Bacillus. Our study suggests confinement of the sporulene biosynthesis pathway to spore-forming members of the class Bacilli, majorly to the genus Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Smita
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - R Anusha
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - B Indu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ch Sasikala
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, J.N.T. University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500085, India.
| | - Ch V Ramana
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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11
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Zhao M, Fu L, Xu P, Wang T, Li P. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Explore the Effect and Mechanism of Kanglaite Injection Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:901-917. [PMID: 36998242 PMCID: PMC10043292 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s397969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Kanglaite injection (KLTi), made of Coix seed oil, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of numerous cancers. However, the anticancer mechanism requires further exploration. This study aimed to investigate the underlying anticancer mechanisms of KLTi in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Methods Public databases were searched for active compounds in KLTi, their potential targets and TNBC-related targets. KLTi's core targets and signaling pathways were determined through compound-target network, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was carried out to predict the binding activity between active ingredients and key targets. In vitro experiments were conducted to further validate the predictions of network pharmacology. Results Fourteen active components of KLTi were screened from the database. Fifty-three candidate therapeutic targets were selected, and bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the top two active compounds and three core targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that KLTi exerts therapeutic effects on TNBC through the cell cycle pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the main compounds of KLTi exhibited good binding activity to key target proteins. Results from in vitro experiments showed that KLTi inhibited proliferation and migration of TNBC cell lines 231 and 468, induced apoptosis, blocked cells in the G2/M phase, downregulated the mRNA expression of seven G2/M phase-related genes cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1), cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A), cell division cycle 25B (CDC25B), maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), and aurora kinase A (AURKA), as well as downregulated CDK1 protein expression and up-regulated protein expression of Phospho-CDK1. Conclusion By utilizing network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments, KLTi was confirmed to have anti-TNBC effects by arresting cell cycle and inhibiting CDK1 dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Fu
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panling Xu
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Bhaduri S, Scott NA, Neal SE. The Role of the Rhomboid Superfamily in ER Protein Quality Control: From Mechanisms and Functions to Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041248. [PMID: 35940905 PMCID: PMC9899648 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle in eukaryotic cells and is a major site for protein folding, modification, and lipid synthesis. Perturbations within the ER, such as protein misfolding and high demand for protein folding, lead to dysregulation of the ER protein quality control network and ER stress. Recently, the rhomboid superfamily has emerged as a critical player in ER protein quality control because it has diverse cellular functions, including ER-associated degradation (ERAD), endosome Golgi-associated degradation (EGAD), and ER preemptive quality control (ERpQC). This breadth of function both illustrates the importance of the rhomboid superfamily in health and diseases and emphasizes the necessity of understanding their mechanisms of action. Because dysregulation of rhomboid proteins has been implicated in various diseases, such as neurological disorders and cancers, they represent promising potential therapeutic drug targets. This review provides a comprehensive account of the various roles of rhomboid proteins in the context of ER protein quality control and discusses their significance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Bhaduri
- School of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Nicola A Scott
- School of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Sonya E Neal
- School of Biological Sciences, the Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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13
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Belkin TG, Tham YK, McMullen JR. Lipids regulated by exercise and PI3K: potential role as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Aji G, Jiang S, Obulkasim H, Lu Z, Wang W, Xia P. Sphingosine kinase 2 regulates insulin receptor trafficking in hepatocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:44-51. [PMID: 36408724 PMCID: PMC9989153 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221131886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed insulin receptor (InsR) trafficking is associated with impaired insulin signaling and the development of diabetes. Sphingosine kinase (SphK), including SphK1 and SphK2, is a key enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism, which has been implicated in the regulation of membrane trafficking. More recently, we have reported that SphK2 is a key regulator of hepatic insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. However, the role of SphK in InsR trafficking is still undefined. Huh7 cells were treated with specific SphK1 and SphK2 inhibitors or SphK1- and SphK2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the presence or absence of insulin. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assays were carried out to investigate the role of SphK in InsR trafficking. InsR endocytosis, recycling, and insulin signaling were analyzed. Inhibition of SphK2, but not SphK1, by either specific pharmaceutic inhibitors or siRNA, significantly suppressed InsR endocytosis and recycling following insulin stimulation. Consequently, the insulin-stimulated Akt activation was significantly attenuated by SphK2 inhibition in hepatocytes. Moreover, the effect of SphK2 on InsR trafficking was mediated via the clathrin-dependent mechanism. Thus, our results show that SphK2 is able to regulate InsR trafficking. These findings suggest that SphK2 may impinge on hepatic insulin signaling by regulating InsR trafficking, providing further mechanistic evidence that SphK2 could serve as a potential intervention target against insulin resistance and T2D (type 2 diabetes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulibositan Aji
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Halmurat Obulkasim
- Department of General Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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The Role of Dietary Lipids in Cognitive Health: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123250. [PMID: 36552006 PMCID: PMC9775642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterised by progressive loss of brain function. The most common of these is Alzheimer's disease, a form of dementia. Intake of macro- and micro-nutrients impacts brain function, including memory, learning, mood, and behaviour. Lipids, particularly phospholipids and sphingolipids, are crucial structural components of neural tissues and significantly affect cognitive function. The importance of functional foods in preventing cardiovascular disease is well-documented in the current literature. However, the significance of such foods for central nervous system health and neurodegenerative diseases is less recognized. Gut microbiome composition affects cognitive health and function, and dietary lipids are known to influence gut health. Thus, this review will discuss different sources of dietary lipids and their effect on cognitive functioning and their interaction with the gut microbiome in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
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16
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Sommer K, Hillinger M, Eigenmann A, Vetter W. Characterization of various isomeric photoproducts of ergosterol and vitamin D2 generated by UV irradiation. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVitamin D2 is produced from its precursor ergosterol under the impact of ultraviolet (UV) light which is also commercially carried out to increase vitamin D2 contents in mushrooms (‘Novel Food’). However, this process is accompanied by the formation of various isomers that partly co-elute with the target compound and are currently difficult to analyze. For this reason, vitamin D2 and ergosterol were irradiated with the goal to generate and characterize various isomeric photoproducts with three analytical methods. High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC–UV) was accompanied by using a chiral detector (CD) which was serially linked with the UV detector. Applied for the first time in this research area, HPLC-CD chromatograms provided complementary information which was crucial for the identification of several co-elutions that would have been overlooked without this approach. Additional information was derived from gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. Diagnostic fragment ions in the GC/MS spectra allowed to distinguish four classes of tri- (n = 2), tetra-, and pentacyclic isomer groups. Despite several drawbacks of each of the applied methods, the shared evaluation allowed to characterize more than ten isomeric photoproducts of vitamin D2 including previtamin D2, lumisterol2, tachysterol2,trans-vitamin D2 isomers, and two pentacyclic isomers (suprasterols2 I and II), which were isolated and characterized by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR).
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17
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Sanchez-Arcos C, Paris D, Mazzella V, Mutalipassi M, Costantini M, Buia MC, von Elert E, Cutignano A, Zupo V. Responses of the Macroalga Ulva prolifera Müller to Ocean Acidification Revealed by Complementary NMR- and MS-Based Omics Approaches. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120743. [PMID: 36547890 PMCID: PMC9783899 DOI: 10.3390/md20120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is a dramatic perturbation of seawater environments due to increasing anthropogenic emissions of CO2. Several studies indicated that OA frequently induces marine biota stress and a reduction of biodiversity. Here, we adopted the macroalga Ulva prolifera as a model and applied a complementary multi-omics approach to investigate the metabolic profiles under normal and acidified conditions. Our results show that U. prolifera grows at higher rates in acidified environments. Consistently, we observed lower sucrose and phosphocreatine concentrations in response to a higher demand of energy for growth and a higher availability of essential amino acids, likely related to increased protein biosynthesis. In addition, pathways leading to signaling and deterrent compounds appeared perturbed. Finally, a remarkable shift was observed here for the first time in the fatty acid composition of triglycerides, with a decrease in the relative abundance of PUFAs towards an appreciable increase of palmitic acid, thus suggesting a remodeling in lipid biosynthesis. Overall, our studies revealed modulation of several biosynthetic pathways under OA conditions in which, besides the possible effects on the marine ecosystem, the metabolic changes of the alga should be taken into account considering its potential nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanchez-Arcos
- Institute for Zoology, Cologne Biocenter University of Cologne, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Debora Paris
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Valerio Mazzella
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Center, 80077 Ischia, Italy
| | - Mirko Mutalipassi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Calabria Marine Centre, 87071 Amendolara, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Buia
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Center, 80077 Ischia, Italy
| | - Eric von Elert
- Institute for Zoology, Cologne Biocenter University of Cologne, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.Z.); Tel.: +39-081-8675313 (A.C.); +39-081-5833503 (V.Z.)
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80077 Ischia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.Z.); Tel.: +39-081-8675313 (A.C.); +39-081-5833503 (V.Z.)
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18
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da Hora GCA, Nguyen JDM, Swanson JMJ. Can membrane composition traffic toxins? Mycolactone and preferential membrane interactions. Biophys J 2022; 121:4260-4270. [PMID: 36258678 PMCID: PMC9703097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolactone is a cytotoxic and immunosuppressive macrolide produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans and the sole causative agent of the neglected tropical skin disease Buruli ulcer. The toxin acts by invading host cells and interacting with intracellular targets to disrupt multiple fundamental cellular processes. Mycolactone's amphiphilic nature enables strong interactions with lipophilic environments, including cellular membranes; however, the specificity of these interactions and the role of membranes in the toxin's pathogenicity remain unknown. It is likely that preferential interactions with lipophilic carriers play a key role in the toxin's distribution in the host, which, if understood, could provide insights to aid in the development of needed diagnostics for Buruli ulcer disease. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were combined with enhanced free-energy sampling to characterize mycolactone's association with and permeation through models of the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membranes (PMs). We find that increased order in the PMs not only leads to a different permeation mechanism compared with that in the ER membrane but also an energetic driving force for ER localization. Increased hydration, membrane deformation, and preferential interactions with unsaturated lipid tails stabilize the toxin in the ER membrane, while disruption of lipid packing is a destabilizing force in the PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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19
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Mahendrarajan V, Bari VK. A critical role of farnesol in the modulation of Amphotericin B and Aureobasidin A antifungal drug susceptibility. Mycology 2022; 13:305-317. [DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2138599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatramanan Mahendrarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Bari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
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20
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Yang F, Chen G. The nutritional functions of dietary sphingomyelin and its applications in food. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002574. [PMID: 36337644 PMCID: PMC9626766 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are common structural components of cell membranes and are crucial for cell functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Sphingomyelin and its metabolites, such as sphingoid bases, ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, play signaling roles in the regulation of human health. The diverse structures of sphingolipids elicit various functions in cellular membranes and signal transduction, which may affect cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and maintain biological activities. As nutrients, dietary sphingomyelin and its metabolites have wide applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. In this review, we summarized the distribution, classifications, structures, digestion, absorption and metabolic pathways of sphingolipids, and discussed the nutritional functioning of sphingomyelin in chronic metabolic diseases. The possible implications of dietary sphingomyelin in the modern food preparations including dairy products and infant formula, skin improvement, delivery system and oil organogels are also evaluated. The production of endogenous sphingomyelin is linked to pathological changes in obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. However, dietary supplementations of sphingomyelin and its metabolites have been shown to maintain cholesterol homeostasis and lipid metabolism, and to prevent or treat these diseases. This seemly paradoxical phenomenon shows that dietary sphingomyelin and its metabolites are candidates for food additives and functional food development for the prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Yang,
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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21
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Sphingosine kinases regulate ER contacts with late endocytic organelles and cholesterol trafficking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204396119. [PMID: 36122218 PMCID: PMC9522378 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204396119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS), close membrane apposition between organelles, are platforms for interorganellar transfer of lipids including cholesterol, regulation of lipid homeostasis, and co-ordination of endocytic trafficking. Sphingosine kinases (SphKs), two isoenzymes that phosphorylate sphingosine to the bioactive sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), have been implicated in endocytic trafficking. However, the physiological functions of SphKs in regulation of membrane dynamics, lipid trafficking and MCS are not known. Here, we report that deletion of SphKs decreased S1P with concomitant increases in its precursors sphingosine and ceramide, and markedly reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts with late endocytic organelles. Expression of enzymatically active SphK1, but not catalytically inactive, rescued the deficit of these MCS. Although free cholesterol accumulated in late endocytic organelles in SphK null cells, surprisingly however, cholesterol transport to the ER was not reduced. Importantly, deletion of SphKs promoted recruitment of the ER-resident cholesterol transfer protein Aster-B (also called GRAMD1B) to the plasma membrane (PM), consistent with higher accessible cholesterol and ceramide at the PM, to facilitate cholesterol transfer from the PM to the ER. In addition, ceramide enhanced in vitro binding of the Aster-B GRAM domain to phosphatidylserine and cholesterol liposomes. Our study revealed a previously unknown role for SphKs and sphingolipid metabolites in governing diverse MCS between the ER network and late endocytic organelles versus the PM to control the movement of cholesterol between distinct cell membranes.
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22
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Maier AG, van Ooij C. The role of cholesterol in invasion and growth of malaria parasites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:984049. [PMID: 36189362 PMCID: PMC9522969 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.984049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites are unicellular eukaryotic pathogens that develop through a complex lifecycle involving two hosts, an anopheline mosquito and a vertebrate host. Throughout this lifecycle, the parasite encounters widely differing conditions and survives in distinct ways, from an intracellular lifestyle in the vertebrate host to exclusively extracellular stages in the mosquito. Although the parasite relies on cholesterol for its growth, the parasite has an ambiguous relationship with cholesterol: cholesterol is required for invasion of host cells by the parasite, including hepatocytes and erythrocytes, and for the development of the parasites in those cells. However, the parasite is unable to produce cholesterol itself and appears to remove cholesterol actively from its own plasma membrane, thereby setting up a cholesterol gradient inside the infected host erythrocyte. Overall a picture emerges in which the parasite relies on host cholesterol and carefully controls its transport. Here, we describe the role of cholesterol at the different lifecycle stages of the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Maier
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alexander G. Maier, ; Christiaan van Ooij,
| | - Christiaan van Ooij
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alexander G. Maier, ; Christiaan van Ooij,
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23
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Šolinc G, Švigelj T, Omersa N, Snoj T, Pirc K, Žnidaršič N, Yamaji-Hasegawa A, Kobayashi T, Anderluh G, Podobnik M. Pore-forming moss protein bryoporin is structurally and mechanistically related to actinoporins from evolutionarily distant cnidarians. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102455. [PMID: 36063994 PMCID: PMC9526159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pore-forming proteins perforate lipid membranes and consequently affect their integrity and cell fitness. Therefore, it is not surprising that many of these proteins from bacteria, fungi, or certain animals act as toxins. While pore-forming proteins have also been found in plants, there is little information on their molecular structure and mode of action. Bryoporin is a protein from the moss Physcomitrium patens, and its corresponding gene was found to be upregulated by various abiotic stresses, especially dehydration, as well as upon fungal infection. Based on the amino acid sequence, it was suggested that bryoporin was related to the actinoporin family of pore-forming proteins, originally discovered in sea anemones. Here, we provide the first detailed structural and functional analysis of this plant cytolysin. The crystal structure of the monomeric bryoporin is highly similar to those of actinoporins. Our cryo-EM analysis of its pores showed an actinoporin-like octameric structure, thereby revealing a close kinship of proteins from evolutionarily distant organisms. This was further confirmed by our observation of bryoporin's preferential binding to and formation of pores in membranes containing animal sphingolipids, such as sphingomyelin and ceramide phosphoethanolamine; however, its binding affinity was weaker than that of actinoporin equinatoxin II. We determined bryoporin did not bind to major sphingolipids found in fungi or plants, and its membrane-binding and pore-forming activity were enhanced by various sterols. Our results suggest that bryoporin could represent a part of the moss defense arsenal, acting as a pore-forming toxin against membranes of potential animal pathogens, parasites, or predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gašper Šolinc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Švigelj
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Omersa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Snoj
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Pirc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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24
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Lopez-Ortiz C, Edwards M, Natarajan P, Pacheco-Valenciana A, Nimmakayala P, Adjeroh DA, Sirbu C, Reddy UK. Peppers in Diet: Genome-Wide Transcriptome and Metabolome Changes in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179924. [PMID: 36077322 PMCID: PMC9455967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) is an increasingly important spice and vegetable crop worldwide because of its high capsaicin content and pungent flavor. Diets supplemented with the phytochemicals found in habanero peppers might cause shifts in an organism’s metabolism and gene expression. Thus, understanding how these interactions occur can reveal the potential health effects associated with such changes. We performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of Drosophila melanogaster adult flies reared on a habanero pepper diet. We found 539 genes/59 metabolites that were differentially expressed/accumulated in flies fed a pepper versus control diet. Transcriptome results indicated that olfactory sensitivity and behavioral responses to the pepper diet were mediated by olfactory and nutrient-related genes including gustatory receptors (Gr63a, Gr66a, and Gr89a), odorant receptors (Or23a, Or59a, Or82a, and Orco), and odorant-binding proteins (Obp28a, Obp83a, Obp83b, Obp93a, and Obp99a). Metabolome analysis revealed that campesterol, sitosterol, and sucrose were highly upregulated and azelaic acid, ethyl phosphoric acid, and citric acid were the major metabolites downregulated in response to the habanero pepper diet. Further investigation by integration analysis between transcriptome and metabolome data at gene pathway levels revealed six unique enriched pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism; insect hormone biosynthesis; pyrimidine metabolism; glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism; glycine, serine, threonine metabolism; and glycerolipid metabolism. In view of the transcriptome and metabolome findings, our comprehensive analysis of the response to a pepper diet in Drosophila have implications for exploring the molecular mechanism of pepper consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lopez-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Mary Edwards
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Armando Pacheco-Valenciana
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Donald A. Adjeroh
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Cristian Sirbu
- Charleston Area Medical Center, Institute for Academic Medicine, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Charleston Division, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
| | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
- Correspondence:
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Griffiths G, Gruenberg J, Marsh M, Wohlmann J, Jones AT, Parton RG. Nanoparticle entry into cells; the cell biology weak link. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114403. [PMID: 35777667 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) are attractive options for the therapeutic delivery of active pharmaceutical drugs, proteins and nucleic acids into cells, tissues and organs. Research into the development and application of NP most often starts with a diverse group of scientists, including chemists, bioengineers and material and pharmaceutical scientists, who design, fabricate and characterize NP in vitro (Stage 1). The next step (Stage 2) generally investigates cell toxicity as well as the processes by which NP bind, are internalized and deliver their cargo to appropriate model tissue culture cells. Subsequently, in Stage 3, selected NP are tested in animal systems, mostly mouse. Whereas the chemistry-based development and analysis in Stage 1 is increasingly sophisticated, the investigations in Stage 2 are not what could be regarded as 'state-of-the-art' for the cell biology field and the quality of research into NP interactions with cells is often sub-standard. In this review we describe our current understanding of the mechanisms by which particles gain entry into mammalian cells via endocytosis. We summarize the most important areas for concern, highlight some of the most common mis-conceptions, and identify areas where NP scientists could engage with trained cell biologists. Our survey of the different mechanisms of uptake into cells makes us suspect that claims for roles for caveolae, as well as macropinocytosis, in NP uptake into cells have been exaggerated, whereas phagocytosis has been under-appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Griffiths
- Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, PO Box 1041, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Mark Marsh
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, PO Box 1041, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, Wales CF103NB, UK
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
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26
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Sanchez Granel ML, Siburu NG, Fricska A, Maldonado LL, Gargiulo LB, Nudel CB, Uttaro AD, Nusblat AD. A novel Tetrahymena thermophila sterol C-22 desaturase belongs to the Fatty Acid Hydroxylase/Desaturase superfamily. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102397. [PMID: 35988640 PMCID: PMC9485055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterols in eukaryotic cells play important roles in modulating membrane fluidity and in cell signaling and trafficking. During evolution, a combination of gene losses and acquisitions gave rise to an extraordinary diversity of sterols in different organisms. The sterol C-22 desaturase identified in plants and fungi as a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase evolved from the first eukaryotic cytochrome P450 and was lost in many lineages. Although the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila desaturates sterols at the C-22 position, no cytochrome P-450 orthologs are present in the genome. Here, we aim to identify the genes responsible for the desaturation as well as their probable origin. We used gene knockout and yeast heterologous expression approaches to identify two putative genes, retrieved from a previous transcriptomic analysis, as sterol C-22 desaturases. Furthermore, we demonstrate using bioinformatics and evolutionary analyses that both genes encode a novel type of sterol C-22 desaturase that belongs to the large fatty acid hydroxylase/desaturase superfamily and the genes originated by genetic duplication prior to functional diversification. These results stress the widespread existence of nonhomologous isofunctional enzymes among different lineages of the tree of life as well as the suitability for the use of T. thermophila as a valuable model to investigate the evolutionary process of large enzyme families.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Sanchez Granel
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás G Siburu
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, S2000FHQ, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Annamária Fricska
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas L Maldonado
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura B Gargiulo
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara B Nudel
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio D Uttaro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, S2000FHQ, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro D Nusblat
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Chen C, Li J, Li Z. Sustained injection of miR-499-5p alters the gastrocnemius muscle metabolome in broiler chickens. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:275-284. [PMID: 36035876 PMCID: PMC9399912 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-275-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of miR-499-5p on muscle
metabolism in broiler chickens, eight broiler chicks were assigned to the
control group and eight to the treatment group, and then we monitored the effects
using metabolomics. Chicks were fed basal diets without or with miR-499-5p
delivery. Gastrocnemius muscle samples were collected and analyzed by
ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The
results showed that miR-499-5p injection altered the concentrations of a
variety of metabolites in the gastrocnemius muscle. Thereby, a total of 46
metabolites were identified at higher (P<0.05) concentrations and
30 metabolites were identified at lower (P<0.05) concentrations in
the treatment group compared with the control group. These metabolites
were primarily involved with the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate
metabolism. Further metabolic pathway analysis revealed that fructose and
mannose metabolism, galactose metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, and
terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were the most critical pathway which may
partially interpret the effects of miR-499-5p. To our knowledge, this
research is the first report of metabolic signatures and related metabolic
pathways in the skeletal muscle for miR-499-5p injection and provides new
insight into the effect of miRNA on growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource
Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu
University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu
University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource
Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu
University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu
University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource
Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu
University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu
University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Revie NM, Iyer KR, Maxson ME, Zhang J, Yan S, Fernandes CM, Meyer KJ, Chen X, Skulska I, Fogal M, Sanchez H, Hossain S, Li S, Yashiroda Y, Hirano H, Yoshida M, Osada H, Boone C, Shapiro RS, Andes DR, Wright GD, Nodwell JR, Del Poeta M, Burke MD, Whitesell L, Robbins N, Cowen LE. Targeting fungal membrane homeostasis with imidazopyrazoindoles impairs azole resistance and biofilm formation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3634. [PMID: 35752611 PMCID: PMC9233667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections cause more than 1.5 million deaths annually. With an increase in immune-deficient susceptible populations and the emergence of antifungal drug resistance, there is an urgent need for novel strategies to combat these life-threatening infections. Here, we use a combinatorial screening approach to identify an imidazopyrazoindole, NPD827, that synergizes with fluconazole against azole-sensitive and -resistant isolates of Candida albicans. NPD827 interacts with sterols, resulting in profound effects on fungal membrane homeostasis and induction of membrane-associated stress responses. The compound impairs virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of candidiasis, blocks C. albicans filamentation in vitro, and prevents biofilm formation in a rat model of catheter infection by C. albicans. Collectively, this work identifies an imidazopyrazoindole scaffold with a non-protein-targeted mode of action that re-sensitizes the leading human fungal pathogen, C. albicans, to azole antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Revie
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kali R Iyer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle E Maxson
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Su Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Caroline M Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten J Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xuefei Chen
- David Braley Centre for Antibiotics Discovery, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Iwona Skulska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Meea Fogal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Hiram Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Saif Hossain
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheena Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoko Yashiroda
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Charles Boone
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rebecca S Shapiro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David R Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gerard D Wright
- David Braley Centre for Antibiotics Discovery, M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Justin R Nodwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
| | - Martin D Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Robbins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leah E Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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29
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Zhu S, Gu H, Peng C, Xia F, Cao H, Cui H. Regulation of Glucose, Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Metabolism by Ubiquitination and SUMOylation for Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849625. [PMID: 35392171 PMCID: PMC8981989 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and SUMOylation, which are posttranslational modifications, play prominent roles in regulating both protein expression and function in cells, as well as various cellular signal transduction pathways. Metabolic reprogramming often occurs in various diseases, especially cancer, which has become a new entry point for understanding cancer mechanisms and developing treatment methods. Ubiquitination or SUMOylation of protein substrates determines the fate of modified proteins. Through accurate and timely degradation and stabilization of the substrate, ubiquitination and SUMOylation widely control various crucial pathways and different proteins involved in cancer metabolic reprogramming. An understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ubiquitination and SUMOylation of cell proteins may help us elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying cancer development and provide an important theory for new treatments. In this review, we summarize the processes of ubiquitination and SUMOylation and discuss how ubiquitination and SUMOylation affect cancer metabolism by regulating the key enzymes in the metabolic pathway, including glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism, to finally reshape cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanwei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjuan Cui,
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30
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Distribution of the non-isoprene components in the four Hevea brasiliensis latex centrifugation fractions. J RUBBER RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-021-00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Liu NJ, Hou LP, Bao JJ, Wang LJ, Chen XY. Sphingolipid metabolism, transport, and functions in plants: Recent progress and future perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100214. [PMID: 34746760 PMCID: PMC8553973 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, which comprise membrane systems together with other lipids, are ubiquitous in cellular organisms. They show a high degree of diversity across plant species and vary in their structures, properties, and functions. Benefiting from the development of lipidomic techniques, over 300 plant sphingolipids have been identified. Generally divided into free long-chain bases (LCBs), ceramides, glycosylceramides (GlcCers) and glycosyl inositol phosphoceramides (GIPCs), plant sphingolipids exhibit organized aggregation within lipid membranes to form raft domains with sterols. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sphingolipids obey certain trafficking and distribution rules and confer unique properties to membranes. Functional studies using sphingolipid biosynthetic mutants demonstrate that sphingolipids participate in plant developmental regulation, stimulus sensing, and stress responses. Here, we present an updated metabolism/degradation map and summarize the structures of plant sphingolipids, review recent progress in understanding the functions of sphingolipids in plant development and stress responses, and review sphingolipid distribution and trafficking in plant cells. We also highlight some important challenges and issues that we may face during the process of studying sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Li-Pan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing-Jing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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32
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Voshall A, Christie NTM, Rose SL, Khasin M, Van Etten JL, Markham JE, Riekhof WR, Nickerson KW. Sterol Biosynthesis in Four Green Algae: A Bioinformatic Analysis of the Ergosterol Versus Phytosterol Decision Point. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1199-1211. [PMID: 33713347 PMCID: PMC8453531 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Animals and fungi produce cholesterol and ergosterol, respectively, while plants produce the phytosterols stigmasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol in various combinations. The recent sequencing of many algal genomes allows the detailed reconstruction of the sterol metabolic pathways. Here, we characterized sterol synthesis in two sequenced Chlorella spp., the free-living C. sorokiniana, and symbiotic C. variabilis NC64A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was included as an internal control and Coccomyxa subellipsoidea as a plant-like outlier. We found that ergosterol was the major sterol produced by Chlorella spp. and C. reinhardtii, while C. subellipsoidea produced the three phytosterols found in plants. In silico analysis of the C. variabilis NC64A, C. sorokiniana, and C. subellipsoidea genomes identified 22 homologs of sterol biosynthetic genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and C. reinhardtii. The presence of CAS1, CPI1, and HYD1 in the four algal genomes suggests the higher plant cycloartenol branch for sterol biosynthesis, confirming that algae and fungi use different pathways for ergosterol synthesis. Phylogenetic analysis for 40 oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) showed that the nine algal OSCs clustered with the cycloartenol cyclases, rather than the lanosterol cyclases, with the OSC for C. subellipsoidea positioned in between the higher plants and the eight other algae. With regard to why C. subellipsoidea produced phytosterols instead of ergosterol, we identified 22 differentially conserved positions where C. subellipsoidea CAS and A. thaliana CAS1 have one amino acid while the three ergosterol producing algae have another. Together, these results emphasize the position of the unicellular algae as an evolutionary transition point for sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Voshall
- Division of Genetics and GenomicsBoston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Nakeirah T. M. Christie
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & BiochemistryYale UniversityNew Haven, Connecticut06520USA
| | - Suzanne L. Rose
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraska68588‐0666USA
| | - Maya Khasin
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research UnitUSDALincolnNebraska68583‐0937USA
| | - James L. Van Etten
- Department of Plant Pathology, and Nebraska Center for VirologyUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraska68583‐0900USA
| | - Jennifer E. Markham
- Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraska68588‐0664USA
| | - Wayne R. Riekhof
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraska68588‐0666USA
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Hu S, Morrin H, Wynne C, Meaney S. 3-Hexanoyl-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl-cholesterol (3-NBD-cholesterol) is a versatile cholesterol tracer. Steroids 2021; 171:108840. [PMID: 33862044 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane cholesterol influences a large number of cellular processes and the dynamics of cholesterol exchange between membranes is an area of active study. However, analogs containing a fluorophore on the isooctyl side chain of cholesterol are commonly used without regard for the potential impact of the fluorophore on membrane structure. We investigated the capacity of 3-hexanoyl-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl-cholesterol (3-NBD-cholesterol), which is labelled at the C3 position, to trace cholesterol dynamics in cellular systems. Transfer of 3-NBD-cholesterol from erythrocytes to lipoproteins replicated known properties of cholesterol. Labelled cells were also readily detected by flow-cytometry and microscopy. Using flow-cytometry it was also possible to follow the uptake of 3-NBD-cholesterol labelled extracellular vesicles. These data indicate that 3-NBD-cholesterol is a versatile cholesterol tracer in different cell models and extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuaiShuai Hu
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah Morrin
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Wynne
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steve Meaney
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland.
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Unexpected Role of Sterol Synthesis in RNA Stability and Translation in Leishmania. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060696. [PMID: 34205466 PMCID: PMC8235615 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are trypanosomatid protozoans that cause leishmaniasis affecting millions of people worldwide. Sterols are important components of the plasma and organellar membranes. They also serve as precursors for the synthesis of signaling molecules. Unlike animals, Leishmania does not synthesize cholesterol but makes ergostane-based sterols instead. C-14-demethylase is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of sterols and an important drug target. In Leishmania parasites, the inactivation of C-14-demethylase leads to multiple defects, including increased plasma membrane fluidity, mitochondrion dysfunction, hypersensitivity to stress and reduced virulence. In this study, we revealed a novel role for sterol synthesis in the maintenance of RNA stability and translation. Sterol alteration in C-14-demethylase knockout mutant leads to increased RNA degradation, reduced translation and impaired heat shock response. Thus, sterol biosynthesis in Leishmania plays an unexpected role in global gene regulation.
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35
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Guo X, Zhang J, Li X, Xiao E, Lange JD, Rienstra CM, Burke MD, Mitchell DA. Sterol Sponge Mechanism Is Conserved for Glycosylated Polyene Macrolides. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:781-791. [PMID: 34079896 PMCID: PMC8161476 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Amphotericin-like glycosylated polyene macrolides (GPMs) are a clinically and industrially important family of natural products, but the mechanisms by which they exert their extraordinary biological activities have remained unclear for more than half a century. Amphotericin B exerts fungicidal action primarily via self-assembly into an extramembranous sponge that rapidly extracts ergosterol from fungal membranes, but it has remained unclear whether this mechanism is applicable to other GPMs. Using a highly conserved polyene-hemiketal region of GPMs that we hypothesized to represent a conserved ergosterol-binding domain, we bioinformatically mapped the entirety of the GPM sequence-function space and expanded the number of GPM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) by 10-fold. We further leveraged bioinformatic predictions and tetrazine-based reactivity screening targeting the electron-rich polyene region of GPMs to discover a first-in-class methyltetraene- and diepoxide-containing GPM, kineosporicin, and to assign BGCs to many new producers of previously reported members. Leveraging a range of structurally diverse known and newly discovered GPMs, we found that the sterol sponge mechanism of fungicidal action is conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University
of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University
of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl
R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department
of Biochemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Emily Xiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University
of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Justin D. Lange
- Department
of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University
of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl
R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chad M. Rienstra
- Department
of Biochemistry and National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, DeLuca Biochemistry Laboratories, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin D. Burke
- Department
of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University
of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl
R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 United States
| | - Douglas A. Mitchell
- Department
of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University
of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl
R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Plant Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins-Their Lipid and Protein Interactors in Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051064. [PMID: 33946260 PMCID: PMC8146436 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to environmental stresses during their growth and development. Owing to their immobility, plants possess stress-sensing abilities and adaptive responses to cope with the abiotic and biotic stresses caused by extreme temperatures, drought, flooding, salinity, heavy metals and pathogens. Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs), a family of conserved proteins among prokaryotes and eukaryotes, bind to a variety of acyl-CoA esters with different affinities and play a role in the transport and maintenance of subcellular acyl-CoA pools. In plants, studies have revealed ACBP functions in development and stress responses through their interactions with lipids and protein partners. This review summarises the roles of plant ACBPs and their lipid and protein interactors in abiotic and biotic stress responses.
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Fernández-Irigoyen J, Cartas-Cejudo P, Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta M, Santamaría E. Alteration in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Lipidome in Parkinson's Disease: A Post-Mortem Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:491. [PMID: 33946950 PMCID: PMC8146703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is clearly associated to Parkinson's disease (PD). Although lipid homeostasis has been widely studied in multiple animal and cellular models, as well as in blood derived from PD individuals, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipidomic profile in PD remains largely unexplored. In this study, we characterized the post-mortem CSF lipidomic imbalance between neurologically intact controls (n = 10) and PD subjects (n = 20). The combination of dual extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-qToF-MS/MS) allowed for the monitoring of 257 lipid species across all samples. Complementary multivariate and univariate data analysis identified that glycerolipids (mono-, di-, and triacylglycerides), saturated and mono/polyunsaturated fatty acids, primary fatty amides, glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines), sphingolipids (ceramides, sphingomyelins), N-acylethanolamines and sterol lipids (cholesteryl esters, steroids) were significantly increased in the CSF of PD compared to the control group. Interestingly, CSF lipid dyshomeostasis differed depending on neuropathological staging and disease duration. These results, despite the limitation of being obtained in a small population, suggest extensive CSF lipid remodeling in PD, shedding new light on the deployment of CSF lipidomics as a promising tool to identify potential lipid markers as well as discriminatory lipid species between PD and other atypical parkinsonisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (P.C.-C.)
| | - Paz Cartas-Cejudo
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (P.C.-C.)
| | | | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (P.C.-C.)
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Salzer L, Witting M. Quo Vadis Caenorhabditis elegans Metabolomics-A Review of Current Methods and Applications to Explore Metabolism in the Nematode. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050284. [PMID: 33947148 PMCID: PMC8146106 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics recently gained interest in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The fast development, easy cultivation and existing forward and reverse genetic tools make the small nematode an ideal organism for metabolic investigations in development, aging, different disease models, infection, or toxicology research. The conducted type of analysis is strongly depending on the biological question and requires different analytical approaches. Metabolomic analyses in C. elegans have been performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, direct infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS), gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or combinations of them. In this review we provide general information on the employed techniques and their advantages and disadvantages in regard to C. elegans metabolomics. Additionally, we reviewed different fields of application, e.g., longevity, starvation, aging, development or metabolism of secondary metabolites such as ascarosides or maradolipids. We also summarised applied bioinformatic tools that recently have been used for the evaluation of metabolomics or lipidomics data from C. elegans. Lastly, we curated metabolites and lipids from the reviewed literature, enabling a prototypic collection which serves as basis for a future C. elegans specific metabolome database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesa Salzer
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Michael Witting
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Gruenberg J. Life in the lumen: The multivesicular endosome. Traffic 2021; 21:76-93. [PMID: 31854087 PMCID: PMC7004041 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The late endosomes/endo‐lysosomes of vertebrates contain an atypical phospholipid, lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) (also termed bis[monoacylglycero]phosphate [BMP]), which is not detected elsewhere in the cell. LBPA is abundant in the membrane system present in the lumen of this compartment, including intralumenal vesicles (ILVs). In this review, the current knowledge on LBPA and LBPA‐containing membranes will be summarized, and their role in the control of endosomal cholesterol will be outlined. Some speculations will also be made on how this system may be overwhelmed in the cholesterol storage disorder Niemann‐Pick C. Then, the roles of intralumenal membranes in endo‐lysosomal dynamics and functions will be discussed in broader terms. Likewise, the mechanisms that drive the biogenesis of intralumenal membranes, including ESCRTs, will also be discussed, as well as their diverse composition and fate, including degradation in lysosomes and secretion as exosomes. This review will also discuss how intralumenal membranes are hijacked by pathogenic agents during intoxication and infection, and what is the biochemical composition and function of the intra‐endosomal lumenal milieu. Finally, this review will allude to the size limitations imposed on intralumenal vesicle functions and speculate on the possible role of LBPA as calcium chelator in the acidic calcium stores of endo‐lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Gruenberg
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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40
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Liu X, Wang J, Hu B, Yan P, Jia S, Du Z, Jiang H. Qualitative distribution of endogenous sphingolipids in plasma of human and rodent species by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122684. [PMID: 33857888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are endogenously bioactive molecules with diverse structures, and its metabolic disorders are involved in the progression of many diseases. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole exactive mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS) method was established to comprehensively profile SLs in plasma. First, the fragment patterns of SL standards of each subclass were investigated. Then, the SL species in plasma were characterized based on the fragmentation rules. Finally, a total of 144 endogenous SL species consisting of 216 regioisomers were identified in plasma of human, golden hamster and C57BL/6 mice, which was the most comprehensive identification for SLs in plasma. In addition to the known species, 19 SL species that have never been reported were also identified. The profile of SLs in plasma of human and two rodent species was compared subsequently. It was worth noting that a total of 9 SL molecular species consisting of 11 regioisomers with low abundance were successfully identified in human plasma through comparison among species. Those findings contribute to a deeper understanding of SLs in human plasma and provide scientific basis for the selection of animal model. The established profile of SLs in plasma could be used for screening of lipid biomarkers of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingchen Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bingying Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), 182 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Yan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuailong Jia
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhifeng Du
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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41
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Parthasarathy A, Borrego EJ, Savka MA, Dobson RCJ, Hudson AO. Amino acid-derived defense metabolites from plants: A potential source to facilitate novel antimicrobial development. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100438. [PMID: 33610552 PMCID: PMC8024917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For millennia, humanity has relied on plants for its medicines, and modern pharmacology continues to reexamine and mine plant metabolites for novel compounds and to guide improvements in biological activity, bioavailability, and chemical stability. The critical problem of antibiotic resistance and increasing exposure to viral and parasitic diseases has spurred renewed interest into drug treatments for infectious diseases. In this context, an urgent revival of natural product discovery is globally underway with special attention directed toward the numerous and chemically diverse plant defensive compounds such as phytoalexins and phytoanticipins that combat herbivores, microbial pathogens, or competing plants. Moreover, advancements in “omics,” chemistry, and heterologous expression systems have facilitated the purification and characterization of plant metabolites and the identification of possible therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe several important amino acid–derived classes of plant defensive compounds, including antimicrobial peptides (e.g., defensins, thionins, and knottins), alkaloids, nonproteogenic amino acids, and phenylpropanoids as potential drug leads, examining their mechanisms of action, therapeutic targets, and structure–function relationships. Given their potent antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties, which can be superior to existing drugs, phytoalexins and phytoanticipins are an excellent resource to facilitate the rational design and development of antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eli J Borrego
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michael A Savka
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - André O Hudson
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA.
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Jain BK, Roland BP, Graham TR. Exofacial membrane composition and lipid metabolism regulates plasma membrane P4-ATPase substrate specificity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17997-18009. [PMID: 33060204 PMCID: PMC7939387 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of a cell is characterized by an asymmetric distribution of lipid species across the exofacial and cytofacial aspects of the bilayer. Regulation of membrane asymmetry is a fundamental characteristic of membrane biology and is crucial for signal transduction, vesicle transport, and cell division. The type IV family of P-ATPases, or P4-ATPases, establishes membrane asymmetry by selection and transfer of a subset of membrane lipids from the lumenal or exofacial leaflet to the cytofacial aspect of the bilayer. It is unclear how P4-ATPases sort through the spectrum of membrane lipids to identify their desired substrate(s) and how the membrane environment modulates this activity. Therefore, we tested how the yeast plasma membrane P4-ATPase, Dnf2, responds to changes in membrane composition induced by perturbation of endogenous lipid biosynthetic pathways or exogenous application of lipid. The primary substrates of Dnf2 are glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and phosphatidylcholine (PC, or their lyso-lipid derivatives), and we find that these substrates compete with each other for transport. Acutely inhibiting sphingolipid synthesis using myriocin attenuates transport of exogenously applied GlcCer without perturbing PC transport. Deletion of genes controlling later steps of glycosphingolipid production also perturb GlcCer transport to a greater extent than PC transport. In contrast, perturbation of ergosterol biosynthesis reduces PC and GlcCer transport equivalently. Surprisingly, application of lipids that are poor transport substrates differentially affects PC and GlcCer transport by Dnf2, thus altering substrate preference. Our data indicate that Dnf2 exhibits exquisite sensitivity to the membrane composition, thus providing feedback onto the function of the P4-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawik Kumar Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bartholomew P Roland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Li Q, Serio RJ, Schofield A, Liu H, Rasmussen SR, Hofius D, Stone SL. Arabidopsis RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase XBAT35.2 promotes proteasome-dependent degradation of ACD11 to attenuate abiotic stress tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1712-1723. [PMID: 33080095 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ multiple mechanisms to cope with a constantly changing and challenging environment, including using the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) to alter their proteome to assist in initiating, modulating and terminating responses to stress. We previously reported that the ubiquitin ligase XBAT35.2 mediates the proteasome-dependent degradation of Accelerated Cell Death 11 (ACD11) to promote pathogen defense. Here, we demonstrate roles for XBAT35.2 and ACD11 in abiotic stress tolerance. As seen in response to pathogen infection, abiotic stress stabilizes XBAT35.2 and the abundance of ACD11 rose consistently with increasing concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and salt. Surprisingly, exposure to ABA and salt increased the stability of ACD11, and the overexpression of ACD11 improves plant survival of salt and drought stress, suggesting a role for ACD11 in promoting tolerance. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of ABA or salt resulted in ubiquitination and the proteasome-dependent degradation of ACD11, however. The stress-induced turnover of ACD11 requires XBAT35.2, as degradation is slowed in the absence of the E3 ubiquitin ligase. Consistent with XBAT35.2 mediating the proteasome-dependent degradation of ACD11, the loss of E3 ubiquitin ligase function enhances the tolerance of salt and drought stress, whereas overexpression increases sensitivity. A model is presented where, upon the perception of abiotic stress, ACD11 abundance increases to promote tolerance. Meanwhile, XBAT35.2 accumulates and in turn promotes the degradation of ACD11 to attenuate the stress response. The results characterize XBAT35.2 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase with opposing roles in abiotic and biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomu Li
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Renata J Serio
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Andrew Schofield
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sheena R Rasmussen
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 756 51, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hofius
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 756 51, Sweden
| | - Sophia L Stone
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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44
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Li J, Zhao Y, Qin Y, Shi H. Influence of microbiota and metabolites on the quality of tobacco during fermentation. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:356. [PMID: 33213368 PMCID: PMC7678276 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the optimum fermentation conditions for tobacco leaves and also screen the microbiota and metabolites that are beneficial for fermentation. METHODS Tobacco leaves were fermented at 25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C for 2, 4, and 6 weeks, respectively. For identification of the best fermentation temperature, physicochemical properties and sensory quality of fermented tobacco were investigated. Subsequently, based on the appropriate temperature, 16 s rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis of tobacco were performed to monitor the change of microbes and metabolites during fermentation process (from 2 to 6 weeks). RESULTS Sensory quality analysis indicated that fermentation at 45 °C for 6 weeks represented the optimum condition. Metabolomics analysis showed that a total of 415 metabolites were annotated. The increase of fermentation period led to significant changes of metabolites. Results revealed an increase in concentration of L-phenylalanine and sphingosine as well as decreased concentration of betaine and phytosphingosine with the prolongation of fermentation period (2 to 6 weeks). Distinct changes in the microbiota were also observed with prolongation of the fermentation time. Results revealed that Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Burkholderia were dominant bacteria in fermentation at 45 °C for 6 weeks. With the extension of the fermentation time, the abundance of Pseudomonas increased, while that of Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium decreased. Furthermore, microbiota profiles were tightly relevant to the altered metabolites, especially compounds involved in the sphingolipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Suitable fermentation conditions were 45 °C for 6 weeks; phytosphingosine and sphingosine might affect tobacco fermentation via the sphingolipid metabolism pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for guiding tobacco fermentation and gives insights into reducing harmful substances during tobacco fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanqing Qin
- Sichuan Tobacco Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, No. 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China.
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45
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Using stable isotope tracers to monitor membrane dynamics in C. elegans. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 233:104990. [PMID: 33058817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Membranes within an animal are composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins that together form a dynamic barrier. The types of lipids that are found within a membrane bilayer impact its biophysical properties including its fluidity, permeability, and susceptibility to damage. While membrane composition is very stable in healthy adults, aberrant membrane structure is seen in a wide and varied array of diseases as well as during natural aging. Despite the wide-reaching impacts of membrane composition, there is relatively little known about how membrane landscape is established and maintained over time. In vivo biochemical modeling of membrane lipids is needed to understand how these molecules interact in their natural configurations. Here, we have described analytical methods that increase the capacity to map the dynamics of individual membrane phospholipids using different types of mass spectrometry. Specifically, we describe novel stable isotope (13C and 15N) strategies to quantify the turnover of dozens of fatty acid tails and intact phospholipids simultaneously.
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46
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Lu Y, Jiang J, Zhao H, Han X, Xiang Y, Zhou W. Clade-Specific Sterol Metabolites in Dinoflagellate Endosymbionts Are Associated with Coral Bleaching in Response to Environmental Cues. mSystems 2020; 5:e00765-20. [PMID: 32994291 PMCID: PMC7527140 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00765-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnidarians cannot synthesize sterols (which play essential roles in growth and development) de novo but often use sterols acquired from endosymbiotic dinoflagellates. While sterol availability can impact the mutualistic interaction between coral host and algal symbiont, the biosynthetic pathways (in the dinoflagellate endosymbionts) and functional roles of sterols in these symbioses are poorly understood. In this study, we found that itraconazole, which perturbs sterol metabolism by inhibiting the sterol 14-demethylase CYP51 in dinoflagellates, induces bleaching of the anemone Heteractis crispa and that bleaching perturbs sterol metabolism of the dinoflagellate. While Symbiodiniaceae have clade-specific sterol metabolites, they share features of the common sterol biosynthetic pathway but with distinct architecture and substrate specificity features of participating enzymes. Tracking sterol profiles and transcripts of enzymes involved in sterol biosynthesis across time in response to different environmental cues revealed similarities and idiosyncratic features of sterol synthesis in the endosymbiont Breviolum minutum Exposure of algal cultures to high levels of light, heat, and acidification led to alterations in sterol synthesis, including blocks through downregulation of squalene synthase transcript levels accompanied by marked growth reductions.IMPORTANCE These results indicate that sterol metabolites in Symbiodiniaceae are clade specific, that their biosynthetic pathways share architectural and substrate specificity features with those of animals and plants, and that environmental stress-specific perturbation of sterol biosynthesis in dinoflagellates can impair a key mutualistic partnership for healthy reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jiaoyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenxu Zhou
- Shandong Rongchen Pharmaceuticals Inc., Qingdao, China
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47
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La Salvia S, Gunasekaran PM, Byrd JB, Erdbrügger U. Extracellular Vesicles in Essential Hypertension: Hidden Messengers. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:76. [PMID: 32880744 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension affects about half of all Americans, yet in the vast majority of cases, the factors causing the hypertension cannot be clearly delineated. Developing a more precise understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HTN and its various phenotypes is therefore a pressing priority. Circulating and urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential novel candidates as biomarkers and bioactivators in HTN. EVs are a heterogeneous population of small membrane fragments shed from various cell types into various body fluids. As EVs carry protein, RNA, and lipids, they also play a role as effectors and novel cell-to-cell communicators. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic, functional, and regenerative role of EVs in essential HTN and focus on EV protein and RNA cargo as the most extensively studied EV cargo. RECENT FINDINGS The field of EVs in HTN is still a young one and earlier studies have not used the novel EV detection tools currently available. More rigor and transparency in EV research are needed. Current data suggest that EVs represent potential novel biomarkers in HTN. EVs correlate with HTN severity and possibly end-organ damage. However, it has yet to be discerned which specific subtype(s) of EV reflects best HTN pathophysiology. Evolving studies are also showing that EVs might be novel regulators in vascular and renal tubular function and also be therapeutic. RNA in EVs has been studied in the context of hypertension, largely in the form of studies of miRNA, which are reviewed herein. Beyond miRNAs, mRNA in urinary EVs changed in response to sodium loading in humans. EVs represent promising novel biomarkers and bioactivators in essential HTN. Novel tools are being developed to apply more rigor in EV research including more in vivo models and translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina La Salvia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0133, USA.
| | - Pradeep Moon Gunasekaran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan Medical School, 5570C MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James Brian Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan Medical School, 5570C MSRB II, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0133, USA
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48
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Molecular evolution of a collage of cholesterol interaction motifs in transmembrane helix V of the serotonin 1A receptor. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104955. [PMID: 32846149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human serotonin1A receptor is a representative member of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and an important drug target for neurological disorders. Using a combination of biochemical, biophysical and molecular dynamics simulation approaches, we and others have shown that membrane cholesterol modulates the organization, dynamics and function of vertebrate serotonin1A receptors. Previous studies have shown that the cytoplasmic portion of transmembrane helix V (TM V) and the extramembraneous intracellular loop 3 are critical for G-protein coupling, phosphorylation and desensitization of the receptor. We have recently resolved a collage of putative cholesterol interaction motifs from the amino acid sequence overlapping this region. In this paper, we explore the sequence plasticity of this fragment that may have adapted to altered membrane lipidome, after vertebrates evolved from primordial invertebrates. Since invertebrates have lower levels of membrane cholesterol relative to vertebrates, we compared TM V sequence fragments from invertebrate serotonin1 receptors with vertebrate orthologs to infer the sequence plasticity in TM V. We report that the average number of cholesterol interaction motifs in TM V for diverse phyla represents an increasing trend that could mirror vertebrate evolution from primordial invertebrates. By statistical modeling, we propose that the collage of cholesterol interaction motifs in TM V of the human serotonin1A receptor may have evolved from rudimentary collages, reminiscent of primordial invertebrate orthologs. Taken together, we propose that a repertoire of cholesterol-philic nonsynonymous substitutions may have enhanced collage complexity in TM V during vertebrate evolution.
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Reinhard J, Mattes C, Väth K, Radanović T, Surma MA, Klose C, Ernst R. A Quantitative Analysis of Cellular Lipid Compositions During Acute Proteotoxic ER Stress Reveals Specificity in the Production of Asymmetric Lipids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:756. [PMID: 32850859 PMCID: PMC7417482 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is central to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis by controlling its size and protein folding capacity. When activated by unfolded proteins in the ER-lumen or aberrant lipid compositions, the UPR adjusts the expression of hundreds of target genes to counteract ER stress. The proteotoxic drugs dithiothreitol (DTT) and tunicamycin (TM) are commonly used to induce misfolding of proteins in the ER and to study the UPR. However, their potential impact on the cellular lipid composition has never been systematically addressed. Here, we report the quantitative, cellular lipid composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during acute, proteotoxic stress in both rich and synthetic media. We show that DTT causes rapid remodeling of the lipidome when used in rich medium at growth-inhibitory concentrations, while TM has only a marginal impact on the lipidome under our conditions of cultivation. We formulate recommendations on how to study UPR activation by proteotoxic stress without interferences from a perturbed lipid metabolism. Furthermore, our data suggest an intricate connection between the cellular growth rate, the abundance of the ER, and the metabolism of fatty acids. We show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae can produce asymmetric lipids with two saturated fatty acyl chains differing substantially in length. These observations indicate that the pairing of saturated fatty acyl chains is tightly controlled and suggest an evolutionary conservation of asymmetric lipids and their biosynthetic machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Reinhard
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,PZMS, Center for Molecular Signaling, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Mattes
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,PZMS, Center for Molecular Signaling, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Väth
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,PZMS, Center for Molecular Signaling, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Toni Radanović
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,PZMS, Center for Molecular Signaling, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Robert Ernst
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,PZMS, Center for Molecular Signaling, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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50
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Chiang Y, Wei ST, Wang P, Wu P, Yu C. Microbial degradation of steroid sex hormones: implications for environmental and ecological studies. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:926-949. [PMID: 31668018 PMCID: PMC7264893 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones modulate development, reproduction and communication in eukaryotes. The widespread occurrence and persistence of steroid hormones have attracted public attention due to their endocrine-disrupting effects on both wildlife and human beings. Bacteria are responsible for mineralizing steroids from the biosphere. Aerobic degradation of steroid hormones relies on O2 as a co-substrate of oxygenases to activate and to cleave the recalcitrant steroidal core ring. To date, two oxygen-dependent degradation pathways - the 9,10-seco pathway for androgens and the 4,5-seco pathways for oestrogens - have been characterized. Under anaerobic conditions, denitrifying bacteria adopt the 2,3-seco pathway to degrade different steroid structures. Recent meta-omics revealed that microorganisms able to degrade steroids are highly diverse and ubiquitous in different ecosystems. This review also summarizes culture-independent approaches using the characteristic metabolites and catabolic genes to monitor steroid biodegradation in various ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin‐Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
| | | | - Po‐Hsiang Wang
- Biodiversity Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
- Present address:
Earth‐Life Science InstituteTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - Pei‐Hsun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Chang‐Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
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