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Chen M, Xu L, Wu Y, Soba P, Hu C. The organization and function of the Golgi apparatus in dendrite development and neurological disorders. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2425-2442. [PMID: 37554209 PMCID: PMC10404969 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrites are specialized neuronal compartments that sense, integrate and transfer information in the neural network. Their development is tightly controlled and abnormal dendrite morphogenesis is strongly linked to neurological disorders. While dendritic morphology ranges from relatively simple to extremely complex for a specified neuron, either requires a functional secretory pathway to continually replenish proteins and lipids to meet dendritic growth demands. The Golgi apparatus occupies the center of the secretory pathway and is regulating posttranslational modifications, sorting, transport, and signal transduction, as well as acting as a non-centrosomal microtubule organization center. The neuronal Golgi apparatus shares common features with Golgi in other eukaryotic cell types but also forms distinct structures known as Golgi outposts that specifically localize in dendrites. However, the organization and function of Golgi in dendrite development and its impact on neurological disorders is just emerging and so far lacks a systematic summary. We describe the organization of the Golgi apparatus in neurons, review the current understanding of Golgi function in dendritic morphogenesis, and discuss the current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education Institute for Brain, Science and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education Institute for Brain, Science and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Peter Soba
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education Institute for Brain, Science and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
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2
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Ng GYL, Tan SC, Ong CS. On the use of QDE-SVM for gene feature selection and cell type classification from scRNA-seq data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292961. [PMID: 37856458 PMCID: PMC10586655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell type identification is one of the fundamental tasks in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies. It is a key step to facilitate downstream interpretations such as differential expression, trajectory inference, etc. scRNA-seq data contains technical variations that could affect the interpretation of the cell types. Therefore, gene selection, also known as feature selection in data science, plays an important role in selecting informative genes for scRNA-seq cell type identification. Generally speaking, feature selection methods are categorized into filter-, wrapper-, and embedded-based approaches. From the existing literature, methods from filter- and embedded-based approaches are widely applied in scRNA-seq gene selection tasks. The wrapper-based method that gives promising results in other fields has yet been extensively utilized for selecting gene features from scRNA-seq data; in addition, most of the existing wrapper methods used in this field are clustering instead of classification-based. With a large number of annotated data available today, this study applied a classification-based approach as an alternative to the clustering-based wrapper method. In our work, a quantum-inspired differential evolution (QDE) wrapped with a classification method was introduced to select a subset of genes from twelve well-known scRNA-seq transcriptomic datasets to identify cell types. In particular, the QDE was combined with different machine-learning (ML) classifiers namely logistic regression, decision tree, support vector machine (SVM) with linear and radial basis function kernels, as well as extreme learning machine. The linear SVM wrapped with QDE, namely QDE-SVM, was chosen by referring to the feature selection results from the experiment. QDE-SVM showed a superior cell type classification performance among QDE wrapping with other ML classifiers as well as the recent wrapper methods (i.e., FSCAM, SSD-LAHC, MA-HS, and BSF). QDE-SVM achieved an average accuracy of 0.9559, while the other wrapper methods achieved average accuracies in the range of 0.8292 to 0.8872.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yee Lin Ng
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Bukit Beruang, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Shing Chiang Tan
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Bukit Beruang, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Chia Sui Ong
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Bukit Beruang, Melaka, Malaysia
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3
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Losfeld ME, Scibona E, Lin CW, Aebi M. Glycosylation network mapping and site-specific glycan maturation in vivo. iScience 2022; 25:105417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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4
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Congenital disorder of glycosylation caused by starting site-specific variant in syntaxin-5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6227. [PMID: 34711829 PMCID: PMC8553859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) protein syntaxin-5 (Stx5) is essential for Golgi transport. In humans, the STX5 mRNA encodes two protein isoforms, Stx5 Long (Stx5L) from the first starting methionine and Stx5 Short (Stx5S) from an alternative starting methionine at position 55. In this study, we identify a human disorder caused by a single missense substitution in the second starting methionine (p.M55V), resulting in complete loss of the short isoform. Patients suffer from an early fatal multisystem disease, including severe liver disease, skeletal abnormalities and abnormal glycosylation. Primary human dermal fibroblasts isolated from these patients show defective glycosylation, altered Golgi morphology as measured by electron microscopy, mislocalization of glycosyltransferases, and compromised ER-Golgi trafficking. Measurements of cognate binding SNAREs, based on biotin-synchronizable forms of Stx5 (the RUSH system) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), revealed that the short isoform of Stx5 is essential for intra-Golgi transport. Alternative starting codons of Stx5 are thus linked to human disease, demonstrating that the site of translation initiation is an important new layer of regulating protein trafficking.
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Progress in research into the role of abnormal glycosylation modification in tumor immunity. Immunol Lett 2020; 229:8-17. [PMID: 33186635 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In abnormal glycosylation, molecules of glucose or other carbohydrates in living organisms are inappropriately attached to proteins, which causes protein denaturation. Abnormal glycosylation modification is known to directly or indirectly affect the tumor escape process, but very few studies have been performed on whether protein glycosylation changes the structure and function of immune cells and immune molecules and thereby regulates the occurrence and development of tumor escape. Therefore, this article summarizes the effect of the immune system on tumor escape in association with the abnormal glycosylation process from an immunological perspective.
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Function of Arl4aa in the Initiation of Hematopoiesis in Zebrafish by Maintaining Golgi Complex Integrity in Hemogenic Endothelium. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:575-589. [PMID: 32220330 PMCID: PMC7160373 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4aa (Arl4aa) is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family. It is expressed in hematopoietic tissue during embryonic development, but its function was unknown. Zebrafish arl4aa is preferentially expressed in the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (VDA) at 24 and 36 hpf and in caudal hematopoietic tissue at 48 hpf. Morpholino knockdown and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) knockout of arl4aa significantly reduced expression of genes associated with definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Golgi complex integrity in VDA was disrupted as shown by transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining of Golgi membrane Giantin. Mechanistically, arl4aa knockdown reduced Notch signaling in the VDA and its target gene expression. Protein expression of NICD was also reduced. Effects of arl4aa knockdown on definitive hematopoiesis could be restored by NICD expression. This study identified arl4aa as a factor regulating initiation of definitive HSCs by maintaining the integrity of Golgi complex and, secondarily, maturation of the Notch receptor.
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Wang H, He Z, Yang Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhang W, Li P, Tang B. Ratiometric fluorescence imaging of Golgi H 2O 2 reveals a correlation between Golgi oxidative stress and hypertension. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10876-10880. [PMID: 32190242 PMCID: PMC7066677 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04384e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on a novel Golgi-targeting phenylsulfonamide group, a two-photon (TP) fluorescent probe, Np-Golgi, was developed for in situ H2O2 ratiometric imaging in living systems.
Golgi oxidative stress is significantly associated with the occurrence and progression of hypertension. Notably, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is directly proportional to the degree of Golgi oxidative stress. Therefore, based on a novel Golgi-targeting phenylsulfonamide group, we developed a two-photon (TP) fluorescent probe, Np-Golgi, for in situ H2O2 ratiometric imaging in living systems. The phenylsulfonamide moiety effectively assists Np-Golgi in the precise location of Golgi apparatus. In addition, the raw material of phenylsulfonamide is easily available, and chemical modification is easily implemented. By application of Np-Golgi, we explored the generation of H2O2 during Golgi oxidative stress, and also successfully revealed increases on the levels of Golgi H2O2 in the kidneys of mice with hypertension. This work provides an ideal tool to monitor Golgi oxidative stress for the first time and novel drug targets for the future treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , PR China . ;
| | - Zixu He
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , PR China . ;
| | - Yuyun Yang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , PR China . ;
| | - Jiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , PR China . ;
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , PR China . ;
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , PR China . ;
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , PR China . ;
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong , Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes , Ministry of Education , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , PR China . ;
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8
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Godfroy O, Uji T, Nagasato C, Lipinska AP, Scornet D, Peters AF, Avia K, Colin S, Mignerot L, Motomura T, Cock JM, Coelho SM. DISTAG/TBCCd1 Is Required for Basal Cell Fate Determination in Ectocarpus. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:3102-3122. [PMID: 29208703 PMCID: PMC5757272 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae are one of the most developmentally complex groups within the eukaryotes. As in many land plants and animals, their main body axis is established early in development, when the initial cell gives rise to two daughter cells that have apical and basal identities, equivalent to shoot and root identities in land plants, respectively. We show here that mutations in the Ectocarpus DISTAG (DIS) gene lead to loss of basal structures during both the gametophyte and the sporophyte generations. Several abnormalities were observed in the germinating initial cell in dis mutants, including increased cell size, disorganization of the Golgi apparatus, disruption of the microtubule network, and aberrant positioning of the nucleus. DIS encodes a TBCCd1 protein, which has a role in internal cell organization in animals, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and trypanosomes. Our study highlights the key role of subcellular events within the germinating initial cell in the determination of apical/basal cell identities in a brown alga and emphasizes the remarkable functional conservation of TBCCd1 in regulating internal cell organization across extremely distant eukaryotic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Godfroy
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Toshiki Uji
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Chikako Nagasato
- Muroran Marine Station, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Agnieszka P Lipinska
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Delphine Scornet
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | | | - Komlan Avia
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29688 Roscoff, France
- UMI 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Station Biologique Roscoff, 29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Sebastien Colin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Laure Mignerot
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Taizo Motomura
- Muroran Marine Station, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - J Mark Cock
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29688 Roscoff, France
| | - Susana M Coelho
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Algal Genetics Group, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29688 Roscoff, France
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9
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Bergen DJM, Stevenson NL, Skinner REH, Stephens DJ, Hammond CL. The Golgi matrix protein giantin is required for normal cilia function in zebrafish. Biol Open 2017; 6:1180-1189. [PMID: 28546340 PMCID: PMC5576078 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is essential for glycosylation of newly synthesised proteins including almost all cell-surface and extracellular matrix proteoglycans. Giantin, encoded by the golgb1 gene, is a member of the golgin family of proteins that reside within the Golgi stack, but its function remains elusive. Loss of function of giantin in rats causes osteochondrodysplasia; knockout mice show milder defects, notably a cleft palate. In vitro, giantin has been implicated in Golgi organisation, biosynthetic trafficking, and ciliogenesis. Here we show that loss of function of giantin in zebrafish, using either morpholino or knockout techniques, causes defects in cilia function. Giantin morphants have fewer cilia in the neural tube and those remaining are longer. Mutants have the same number of cilia in the neural tube but these cilia are also elongated. Scanning electron microscopy shows that loss of giantin results in an accumulation of material at the ciliary tip, consistent with a loss of function of retrograde intraflagellar transport. Mutants show milder defects than morphants consistent with adaptation to loss of giantin. Summary: Morpholino knockdown of Golgb1/giantin leads to a severe cilopathy phenotype twinned with longer, misshapen cilia. Stable mutants have a very mild phenotype, indicative of compensation, but still have longer cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J M Bergen
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.,School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Nicola L Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Roderick E H Skinner
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David J Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christina L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Identification of novel MYO18A interaction partners required for myoblast adhesion and muscle integrity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36768. [PMID: 27824130 PMCID: PMC5099880 DOI: 10.1038/srep36768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The unconventional myosin MYO18A that contains a PDZ domain is required for muscle integrity during zebrafish development. However, the mechanism by which it functions in myofibers is not clear. The presence of a PDZ domain suggests that MYO18A may interact with other partners to perform muscle-specific functions. Here we performed double-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation to identify MYO18A-interacting proteins, and have identified p190RhoGEF and Golgin45 as novel partners for the MYO18A PDZ domain. We have also identified Lurap1, which was previously shown to bind MYO18A. Functional analyses indicate that, similarly as myo18a, knockdown of lurap1, p190RhoGEF and Golgin45 by morpholino oligonucleotides disrupts dystrophin localization at the sarcolemma and produces muscle lesions. Simultaneous knockdown of myo18a with either of these genes severely disrupts myofiber integrity and dystrophin localization, suggesting that they may function similarly to maintain myofiber integrity. We further show that MYO18A and its interaction partners are required for adhesion of myoblasts to extracellular matrix, and for the formation of the Golgi apparatus and organization of F-actin bundles in myoblast cells. These findings suggest that MYO18A has the potential to form a multiprotein complex that links the Golgi apparatus to F-actin, which regulates muscle integrity and function during early development.
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11
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Lan Y, Zhang N, Liu H, Xu J, Jiang R. Golgb1 regulates protein glycosylation and is crucial for mammalian palate development. Development 2016; 143:2344-55. [PMID: 27226319 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cleft palate is a common major birth defect for which currently known causes account for less than 30% of pathology in humans. In this study, we carried out mutagenesis screening in mice to identify new regulators of palatogenesis. Through genetic linkage mapping and whole-exome sequencing, we identified a loss-of-function mutation in the Golgb1 gene that co-segregated with cleft palate in a new mutant mouse line. Golgb1 is a ubiquitously expressed large coiled-coil protein, also known as giantin, that is localized at the Golgi membrane. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, we generated and analyzed developmental defects in mice carrying additional Golgb1 loss-of-function mutations, which supported a crucial requirement for Golgb1 in palate development. Through maxillary explant culture assays, we demonstrate that the Golgb1 mutant embryos have intrinsic defects in palatal shelf elevation. Just prior to the developmental stage of palatal shelf elevation in wild-type littermates, Golgb1 mutant embryos exhibit increased cell density, reduced hyaluronan accumulation and impaired protein glycosylation in the palatal mesenchyme. Together, these results demonstrate that, although it is a ubiquitously expressed Golgi-associated protein, Golgb1 has specific functions in protein glycosylation and tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nian Zhang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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12
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Cao J, Li S, Shao M, Cheng X, Xu Z, Shi D. The PDZ-containing unconventional myosin XVIIIA regulates embryonic muscle integrity in zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:417-28. [PMID: 25160974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myosin XVIIIA, or MYO18A, is a unique PDZ domain-containing unconventional myosin and is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates. Although there is evidence indicating its expression in the somites, whether it regulates muscle function remains unclear. We show that the two zebrafish myo18a genes (myo18aa and myo18ab) are predominantly expressed at somite borders during early developmental stages. Knockdown of these genes or overexpression of the MYO18A PDZ domain disrupts myofiber integrity, induces myofiber lesions, and compromises the localization of dystrophin, α-dystroglycan (α-DG) and laminin at the myotome boundaries. Cell transplantation experiments indicate that myo18a morphant myoblasts fail to form elongated myofibers in the myotomes of wild-type embryos, which can be rescued by the full-length MYO18A protein. These results suggest that MYO18A likely functions in the adhesion process that maintains the stable attachment of myofibers to ECM (extracellular matrix) and muscle integrity during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmeng Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shangqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ming Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoning Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Deli Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan 250100, China; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7622, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7622, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, F-75005 Paris, France.
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13
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Peng W, Lei Q, Jiang Z, Hu Z. Characterization of Golgi scaffold proteins and their roles in compartmentalizing cell signaling. J Mol Histol 2013; 45:435-45. [PMID: 24337566 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Subcellular compartmentalization has become an important theme in cell signaling. In particular, the Golgi apparatus (GA) plays a prominent role in compartmentalizing signaling cascades that originate at the plasma membrane or other organelles. To precisely regulate this process, cells have evolved a unique class of organizer proteins, termed "scaffold proteins". Sef, PAQR3, PAQR10 and PAQR11 are scaffold proteins that have recently been identified on the GA and are referred to as Golgi scaffolds. The major cell growth signaling pathways, such as Ras/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, insulin and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), are tightly regulated spatially and temporally by these Golgi scaffolds to ensure a physiologically appropriate outcome. Here, we discuss the subcellular localization and characterization of the topology and functional domains of these Golgi scaffolds and summarize their roles in the compartmentalization of cell signaling. We also highlight the physiological and pathological roles of these Golgi scaffolds in tumorigenesis and developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Peng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
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