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Brunetti M, Andersen K, Spetalen S, Lenartova A, Osnes LTN, Vålerhaugen H, Heim S, Micci F. NUP214 fusion genes in acute leukemias: genetic characterization of rare cases. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1371980. [PMID: 38571499 PMCID: PMC10987735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1371980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alterations of the NUP214 gene (9q34) are recurrent in acute leukemias. Rearrangements of chromosomal band 9q34 targeting this locus can be karyotypically distinct, for example t(6;9)(p22;q34)/DEK::NUP214, or cryptic, in which case no visible change of 9q34 is seen by chromosome banding. Methods We examined 9 cases of acute leukemia with NUP214 rearrangement by array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH), reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cycle sequencing/Sanger sequencing to detect which fusion genes had been generated. Results The chimeras DEK::NUP214, SET::NUP214, and NUP214::ABL1 were found, only the first of which can be readily detected by karyotyping. Discussion The identification of a specific NUP214 rearrangement is fundamental in the management of these patients, i.e., AMLs with DEK::NUP214 are classified as an adverse risk group and might be considered for allogenic transplant. Genome- and/or transcriptome-based next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques can be used to screen for these fusions, but we hereby present an alternative, step-wise procedure to detect these rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Brunetti
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Signe Spetalen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Lenartova
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Helen Vålerhaugen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Pierzynska-Mach A, Czada C, Vogel C, Gwosch E, Osswald X, Bartoschek D, Diaspro A, Kappes F, Ferrando-May E. DEK oncoprotein participates in heterochromatin replication via SUMO-dependent nuclear bodies. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261329. [PMID: 37997922 PMCID: PMC10753498 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct inheritance of chromatin structure is key for maintaining genome function and cell identity and preventing cellular transformation. DEK, a conserved non-histone chromatin protein, has recognized tumor-promoting properties, its overexpression being associated with poor prognosis in various cancer types. At the cellular level, DEK displays pleiotropic functions, influencing differentiation, apoptosis and stemness, but a characteristic oncogenic mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we report the identification of DEK bodies, focal assemblies of DEK that regularly occur at specific, yet unidentified, sites of heterochromatin replication exclusively in late S-phase. In these bodies, DEK localizes in direct proximity to active replisomes in agreement with a function in the early maturation of heterochromatin. A high-throughput siRNA screen, supported by mutational and biochemical analyses, identifies SUMO as one regulator of DEK body formation, linking DEK to the complex SUMO protein network that controls chromatin states and cell fate. This work combines and refines our previous data on DEK as a factor essential for heterochromatin integrity and facilitating replication under stress, and delineates an avenue of further study for unraveling the contribution of DEK to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Czada
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Christopher Vogel
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Eva Gwosch
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Xenia Osswald
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Denis Bartoschek
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy & NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa 16152, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa 16146, Italy
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Duke Kunshan University, Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kunshan 215316, People's Republic of China
| | - Elisa Ferrando-May
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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3
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Pierzynska-Mach A, Diaspro A, Cella Zanacchi F. Super-resolution microscopy reveals the nanoscale cluster architecture of the DEK protein cancer biomarker. iScience 2023; 26:108277. [PMID: 38026229 PMCID: PMC10660485 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DEK protein, a key chromatin regulator, is strongly overexpressed in various forms of cancer. While conventional microscopy revealed DEK as uniformly distributed within the cell nucleus, advanced super-resolution techniques uncovered cluster-like structures. However, a comprehensive understanding of DEK's cellular distribution and its implications in cancer and cell growth remained elusive. To bridge this gap, we employed single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to dissect DEK's nanoscale organization in both normal-like and aggressive breast cancer cell lines. Our investigation included characteristics such as localizations per cluster, cluster areas, and intra-cluster localization densities (ICLDs). We elucidated how cluster features align with different breast cell types and how chromatin decompaction influences DEK clusters in these contexts. Our results indicate that DEK's intra-cluster localization density and nano-organization remain preserved and not significantly influenced by protein overexpression or chromatin compaction changes. This study advances the understanding of DEK's role in cancer and underscores its stable nanoscale behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Physics (DIFILAB), Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cella Zanacchi
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- Physics Department E. Fermi, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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4
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Fiorillo A, Manai M, Visconti S, Camoni L. The Salt Tolerance-Related Protein (STRP) Is a Positive Regulator of the Response to Salt Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1704. [PMID: 37111928 PMCID: PMC10145591 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress limiting plant survival and crop productivity. Plant adaptation to salt stress involves complex responses, including changes in gene expression, regulation of hormone signaling, and production of stress-responsive proteins. The Salt Tolerance-Related Protein (STRP) has been recently characterized as a Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA)-like, intrinsically disordered protein involved in plant responses to cold stress. In addition, STRP has been proposed as a mediator of salt stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana, but its role has still to be fully clarified. Here, we investigated the role of STRP in salt stress responses in A. thaliana. The protein rapidly accumulates under salt stress due to a reduction of proteasome-mediated degradation. Physiological and biochemical responses of the strp mutant and STRP-overexpressing (STRP OE) plants demonstrate that salt stress impairs seed germination and seedling development more markedly in the strp mutant than in A. thaliana wild type (wt). At the same time, the inhibitory effect is significantly reduced in STRP OE plants. Moreover, the strp mutant has a lower ability to counteract oxidative stress, cannot accumulate the osmocompatible solute proline, and does not increase abscisic acid (ABA) levels in response to salinity stress. Accordingly, the opposite effect was observed in STRP OE plants. Overall, obtained results suggest that STRP performs its protective functions by reducing the oxidative burst induced by salt stress, and plays a role in the osmotic adjustment mechanisms required to preserve cellular homeostasis. These findings propose STRP as a critical component of the response mechanisms to saline stress in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fiorillo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Michela Manai
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (M.M.)
- Ph.D. Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Visconti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Camoni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (M.M.)
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Zhou J, Zhao L, Wu Y, Zhang X, Cheng S, Wei F, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Feng Z, Feng H. A DEK domain-containing protein GhDEK2D mediated Gossypium hirsutum enhanced resistance to Verticillium dahliae. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2024738. [PMID: 35034577 PMCID: PMC9176258 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2024738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
DEK is associated with DNA replication and break repair, mRNA splicing, and transcriptional regulation, which had been studied in humans and mammals. The function of DEK in plants was poorly understood. In this study, GhDEK2D was identified in Gossypium hirsutum by genome-wide and post-translational modifications. GhDEK2D had been phosphorylated, acetylated and ubiquitylated under Verticillium dahliae (Vd) challenge. The GhDEK2D-silenced cotton decreased resistance against Vd. In GhDEK2D-silenced cotton plants, the reactive oxygen species was activated, the callose, xylogen, hypersensitive reaction (HR) and expression levels of defense-related genes were reduced. Homozygous overexpressing-GhDEK2D transgenic Arabidopsis lines were more resistant to Verticillium wilt (Vw). We propose that GhDEK2D was a potential molecular target for improving resistance to Vw in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Yi Zhou College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Yi Zhou College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Yi Zhou College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zili Feng State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Hongjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- CONTACT Hongjie Feng
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Greene AN, Solomon MB, Privette Vinnedge LM. Novel molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease: The potential role of DEK in disease pathogenesis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1018180. [PMID: 36275000 PMCID: PMC9582447 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1018180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease and age-related dementias (AD/ADRD) are debilitating diseases that exact a significant physical, emotional, cognitive, and financial toll on the individual and their social network. While genetic risk factors for early-onset AD have been identified, the molecular and genetic drivers of late-onset AD, the most common subtype, remain a mystery. Current treatment options are limited for the 35 million people in the United States with AD/ADRD. Thus, it is critically important to identify novel molecular mechanisms of dementia-related pathology that may be targets for the development of new interventions. Here, we summarize the overarching concepts regarding AD/ADRD pathogenesis. Then, we highlight one potential molecular driver of AD/ADRD, the chromatin remodeling protein DEK. We discuss in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo findings, from our group and others, that link DEK loss with the cellular, molecular, and behavioral signatures of AD/ADRD. These include associations between DEK loss and cellular and molecular hallmarks of AD/ADRD, including apoptosis, Tau expression, and Tau hyperphosphorylation. We also briefly discuss work that suggests sex-specific differences in the role of DEK in AD/ADRD pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss future directions for exploiting the DEK protein as a novel player and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD/ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie N. Greene
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matia B. Solomon
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lisa M. Privette Vinnedge
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Lisa M. Privette Vinnedge,
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7
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Özçelik E, Kalaycı A, Çelik B, Avcı A, Akyol H, Kılıç İB, Güzel T, Çetin M, Öztürk MT, Çalışkaner ZO, Tombaz M, Yoleri D, Konu Ö, Kandilci A. Doxorubicin induces prolonged DNA damage signal in cells overexpressing DEK isoform-2. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275476. [PMID: 36190960 PMCID: PMC9529144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DEK has a short isoform (DEK isoform-2; DEK2) that lacks amino acid residues between 49–82. The full-length DEK (DEK isoform-1; DEK1) is ubiquitously expressed and plays a role in different cellular processes but whether DEK2 is involved in these processes remains elusive. We stably overexpressed DEK2 in human bone marrow stromal cell line HS-27A, in which endogenous DEKs were intact or suppressed via short hairpin RNA (sh-RNA). We have found that contrary to ectopic DEK1, DEK2 locates in the nucleus and nucleolus, causes persistent γH2AX signal upon doxorubicin treatment, and couldn’t functionally compensate for the loss of DEK1. In addition, DEK2 overexpressing cells were more sensitive to doxorubicin than DEK1-cells. Expressions of DEK1 and DEK2 in cell lines and primary tumors exhibit tissue specificity. DEK1 is upregulated in cancers of the colon, liver, and lung compared to normal tissues while both DEK1 and DEK2 are downregulated in subsets of kidney, prostate, and thyroid carcinomas. Interestingly, only DEK2 was downregulated in a subset of breast tumors suggesting that DEK2 can be modulated differently than DEK1 in specific cancers. In summary, our findings show distinct expression patterns and subcellular location and suggest non-overlapping functions between the two DEK isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Özçelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kalaycı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Büşra Çelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Açelya Avcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hasan Akyol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - İrfan Baki Kılıç
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Türkan Güzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Metin Çetin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Merve Tuzlakoğlu Öztürk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zihni Onur Çalışkaner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Melike Tombaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilan Yoleri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Özlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayten Kandilci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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8
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Inhibition of DEK Enhances Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9312971. [PMID: 35769815 PMCID: PMC9236779 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9312971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a serious hematological tumor derived from early T-cell progenitors, which is extremely resistant to chemotherapy. Classically, doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective first-line drug for the treatment of T-ALL; however, DOX resistance limits its clinical effect. The DEK proto-oncogene (DEK) has been involved in neoplasms but remains unexplored in T-ALL. We silenced DEK on Jurkat cells and detected cell proliferation with cell counting and colony formation assay. Then, we detected DEK's drug sensitivity to DOX with CCK-8, cell cycle, and apoptosis with DOX treatment. Western blot analysis was performed to determine protein expression of apoptosis and cell cycle-related genes, including BCL2L1, caspase-3, and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Finally, the tumorigenic ability of DEK was analyzed using a BALB/C nude mouse model. In this study, DEK was highly expressed in Jurkat cells. Inhibition of DEK can lead to decreased cell proliferation and proportion of S-phase cells in the cell cycle and more cell apoptosis, and the effect is more obvious after DOX treatment. Western blot results showed that DOX treatment leads to cell cycle arrest, reduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) protein, accumulation of CDKN1A protein, and DOX-induced apoptosis accompanied by reductions in protein levels of BCL2L1, as well as increases in protein level of caspase-3. Furthermore, DEK-silenced Jurkat cells generated a significantly smaller tumor mass in mice. Our study found that DEK is a novel, potential therapeutic target for overcoming DOX resistance in T-ALL.
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Liu B, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Suo J. DEK modulates both expression and alternative splicing of cancer‑related genes. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:111. [PMID: 35475534 PMCID: PMC9073418 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DEK is known to be a potential proto‑oncogene and is highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC); thus, DEK is considered to contribute to the malignant progression of GC. DEK is an RNA‑binding protein involved in transcription, DNA repair, and selection of splicing sites during mRNA processing; however, its precise function remains elusive due to the lack of clarification of the overall profiles of gene transcription and post‑transcriptional splicing that are regulated by DEK. We performed our original whole‑genomic RNA‑Seq data to analyze the global transcription and alternative splicing profiles in a human GC cell line by comparing DEK siRNA‑treated and control conditions, dissecting both differential gene expression and potential alternative splicing events regulated by DEK. The siRNA‑mediated knockdown of DEK in a GC cell line led to significant changes in gene expression of multiple cancer‑related genes including both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Moreover, it was revealed that DEK regulated a number of alternative splicing in genes which were significantly enriched in various cancer‑related pathways including apoptosis and cell cycle processes. This study clarified for the first time that DEK has a regulatory effect on the alternative splicing, as well as on the expression, of numerous cancer‑related genes, which is consistent with the role of DEK as a possible oncogene. Our results further expand the importance and feasibility of DEK as a clinical therapeutic target for human malignancies including GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlin Sun
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanpeng Xing
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Suo
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Zong W, Zhao B, Xi Y, Bordiya Y, Mun H, Cerda NA, Kim DH, Sung S. DEK domain-containing proteins control flowering time in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:182-192. [PMID: 33774831 PMCID: PMC8985477 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved DEK domain-containing proteins have been implicated in multiple chromatin-related processes, mRNA splicing and transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes. Here, we show that two DEK proteins, DEK3 and DEK4, control the floral transition in Arabidopsis. DEK3 and DEK4 directly associate with chromatin of related flowering repressors, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), and its two homologs, MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING4 (MAF4) and MAF5, to promote their expression. The binding of DEK3 and DEK4 to a histone octamer in vivo affects histone modifications at FLC, MAF4 and MAF5 loci. In addition, DEK3 and DEK4 interact with RNA polymerase II and promote the association of RNA polymerase II with FLC, MAF4 and MAF5 chromatin to promote their expression. Our results show that DEK3 and DEK4 directly interact with chromatin to facilitate the transcription of key flowering repressors and thus prevent precocious flowering in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yanpeng Xi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yogendra Bordiya
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hyungwon Mun
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nicholas A Cerda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sibum Sung
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Guo H, Prell M, Königs H, Xu N, Waldmann T, Hermans-Sachweh B, Ferrando-May E, Lüscher B, Kappes F. Bacterial Growth Inhibition Screen (BGIS) identifies a loss-of-function mutant of the DEK oncogene, indicating DNA modulating activities of DEK in chromatin. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1438-1453. [PMID: 33686684 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The DEK oncoprotein regulates cellular chromatin function via a number of protein-protein interactions. However, the biological relevance of its unique pseudo-SAP/SAP-box domain, which transmits DNA modulating activities in vitro, remains largely speculative. As hypothesis-driven mutations failed to yield DNA-binding null (DBN) mutants, we combined random mutagenesis with the Bacterial Growth Inhibition Screen (BGIS) to overcome this bottleneck. Re-expression of a DEK-DBN mutant in newly established human DEK knockout cells failed to reduce the increase in nuclear size as compared to wild type, indicating roles for DEK-DNA interactions in cellular chromatin organization. Our results extend the functional roles of DEK in metazoan chromatin and highlight the predictive ability of recombinant protein toxicity in E. coli for unbiased studies of eukaryotic DNA modulating protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Guo
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Malte Prell
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Königs
- Institute of Pathology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Nengwei Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
| | - Tanja Waldmann
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Ferrando-May
- Bioimaging Center, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, China
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12
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Das K, Sardar SK, Ghosal A, Saito-Nakano Y, Dutta S, Nozaki T, Ganguly S. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Entamoeba histolytica identifies kerp2 as a genetic marker associated with disease outcomes. Parasitol Int 2021; 83:102370. [PMID: 33932601 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amoebiasis caused by protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica has diverse infection outcomes. The relationship between parasite genotypes and outcome of amoebic infection is still a paradox and needs to be explored. Genome information of infecting strains from endemic areas throughout the world is essential to explore this relation. Comparative genetics between E. histolytica populations from different disease outcomes have been studied to identify potential genetic markers having single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with specific clinical outcome. Coding and non-coding regions have significantly different rates of polymorphism. Non-synonymous base substitutions were significantly more frequent than synonymous within coding loci. Both synonymous and non-synonymous SNPs within lysine- and glutamic acid rich protein 2 (kerp2) locus were significantly associated with disease outcomes. An incomplete linkage disequilibrium (LD) value with potential recombination events and significant population differentiation (FST) value have also been identified at kerp2 locus within the study population. Presence of disease specific SNPs, potential recombination events, and significant FST value at kerp2 locus indicate that kerp2 gene and its gene product are under constant selection pressure exerted by host on parasite and could also be a potential determinant of disease outcome of E. histolytica infection. Furthermore, E. histolytica isolated from asymptomatic carriers are phylogenetically closer to those causing liver abscess in human and exhibit potential inter-population recombination among them. Individuals with persistent asymptomatic E. histolytica infection may be under high risk of developing amoebic liver abscess formation in future and detailed investigation of asymptomatic individuals from endemic areas should be always required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Das
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjib Kumar Sardar
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajanta Ghosal
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India
| | - Yumiko Saito-Nakano
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Sandipan Ganguly
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India.
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13
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Ganz M, Vogel C, Czada C, Jörke V, Gwosch EC, Kleiner R, Pierzynska-Mach A, Zanacchi FC, Diaspro A, Kappes F, Bürkle A, Ferrando-May E. The oncoprotein DEK affects the outcome of PARP1/2 inhibition during mild replication stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213130. [PMID: 31408463 PMCID: PMC6692024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication stress is a major source of genomic instability and is closely linked to tumor formation and progression. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases1/2 (PARP1/2) enzymes are activated in response to replication stress resulting in poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) synthesis. PARylation plays an important role in the remodelling and repair of impaired replication forks, providing a rationale for targeting highly replicative cancer cells with PARP1/2 inhibitors. The human oncoprotein DEK is a unique, non-histone chromatin architectural protein whose deregulated expression is associated with the development of a wide variety of human cancers. Recently, we showed that DEK is a high-affinity target of PARylation and that it promotes the progression of impaired replication forks. Here, we investigated a potential functional link between PAR and DEK in the context of replication stress. Under conditions of mild replication stress induced either by topoisomerase1 inhibition with camptothecin or nucleotide depletion by hydroxyurea, we found that the effect of acute PARP1/2 inhibition on replication fork progression is dependent on DEK expression. Reducing DEK protein levels also overcomes the restart impairment of stalled forks provoked by blocking PARylation. Non-covalent DEK-PAR interaction via the central PAR-binding domain of DEK is crucial for counteracting PARP1/2 inhibition as shown for the formation of RPA positive foci in hydroxyurea treated cells. Finally, we show by iPOND and super resolved microscopy that DEK is not directly associated with the replisome since it binds to DNA at the stage of chromatin formation. Our report sheds new light on the still enigmatic molecular functions of DEK and suggests that DEK expression levels may influence the sensitivity of cancer cells to PARP1/2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ganz
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christopher Vogel
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christina Czada
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vera Jörke
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Eva Christina Gwosch
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kleiner
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Pierzynska-Mach
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cella Zanacchi
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Biophysics Institute (IBF), National Research Council (CNR), Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou, China
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elisa Ferrando-May
- Department of Biology, Bioimaging Center, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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14
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Hacker KE, Bolland DE, Tan L, Saha AK, Niknafs YS, Markovitz DM, McLean K. The DEK Oncoprotein Functions in Ovarian Cancer Growth and Survival. Neoplasia 2018; 20:1209-1218. [PMID: 30412857 PMCID: PMC6226625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage repair alterations play a critical role in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Mechanistic drivers of the DNA damage response consequently present opportunities for therapeutic targeting. The chromatin-binding DEK oncoprotein functions in DNA double-strand break repair. We therefore sought to determine the role of DEK in epithelial ovarian cancer. DEK is overexpressed in both primary epithelial ovarian cancers and ovarian cancer cell lines. To assess the impact of DEK expression levels on cell growth, small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA approaches were utilized. Decreasing DEK expression in ovarian cancer cell lines slows cell growth and induces apoptosis and DNA damage. The biologic effects of DEK depletion are enhanced with concurrent chemotherapy treatment. The in vitro effects of DEK knockdown are reproduced in vivo, as DEK depletion in a mouse xenograft model results in slower tumor growth and smaller tumors compared to tumors expressing DEK. These findings provide a compelling rationale to target the DEK oncoprotein and its pathways as a therapeutic strategy for treating epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari E Hacker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Danielle E Bolland
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lijun Tan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Anjan K Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yashar S Niknafs
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David M Markovitz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Karen McLean
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
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15
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de Albuquerque Oliveira AC, Kappes F, Martins DBG, de Lima Filho JL. The unique DEK oncoprotein in women's health: A potential novel biomarker. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:142-148. [PMID: 29957464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and cervical cancer are the first and fourth cancer types with the highest prevalence in women, respectively. The developmental profiles of cancer in women can vary by genetic markers and cellular events. In turn, age and lifestyle influence in the cellular response and also on the cancer progression and relapse. The human DEK protein, a histone chaperone, belongs to a specific subclass of chromatin topology modulators, being involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes. These epigenetic mechanisms have dynamic and reversible nature, have been proposed as targets for different treatment approaches, especially in tumor therapy. The expression patterns of DEK vary between healthy and cancer cells. High expression of DEK is associated with poor prognosis in many cancer types, suggesting that DEK takes part in oncogenic activities via different molecular pathways, including inhibition of senescence and apoptosis. The focus of this review was to highlight the role of the DEK protein in these two female cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cecília de Albuquerque Oliveira
- Molecular Prospecting and Bioinformatics Group - Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA) - Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Postal Code 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University No 111, Ren Ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP), Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Danyelly Bruneska Gondim Martins
- Molecular Prospecting and Bioinformatics Group - Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA) - Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Postal Code 50670-901, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry - Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Postal Code 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz de Lima Filho
- Molecular Prospecting and Bioinformatics Group - Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA) - Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Postal Code 50670-901, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry - Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Postal Code 50670-901, Brazil
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16
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Matrka MC, Cimperman KA, Haas SR, Guasch G, Ehrman LA, Waclaw RR, Komurov K, Lane A, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Wells SI. Dek overexpression in murine epithelia increases overt esophageal squamous cell carcinoma incidence. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007227. [PMID: 29538372 PMCID: PMC5884580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer occurs as either squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or adenocarcinoma. ESCCs comprise almost 90% of cases worldwide, and recur with a less than 15% five-year survival rate despite available treatments. The identification of new ESCC drivers and therapeutic targets is critical for improving outcomes. Here we report that expression of the human DEK oncogene is strongly upregulated in esophageal SCC based on data in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). DEK is a chromatin-associated protein with important roles in several nuclear processes including gene transcription, epigenetics, and DNA repair. Our previous data have utilized a murine knockout model to demonstrate that Dek expression is required for oral and esophageal SCC growth. Also, DEK overexpression in human keratinocytes, the cell of origin for SCC, was sufficient to cause hyperplasia in 3D organotypic raft cultures that mimic human skin, thus linking high DEK expression in keratinocytes to oncogenic phenotypes. However, the role of DEK over-expression in ESCC development remains unknown in human cells or genetic mouse models. To define the consequences of Dek overexpression in vivo, we generated and validated a tetracycline responsive Dek transgenic mouse model referred to as Bi-L-Dek. Dek overexpression was induced in the basal keratinocytes of stratified squamous epithelium by crossing Bi-L-Dek mice to keratin 5 tetracycline transactivator (K5-tTA) mice. Conditional transgene expression was validated in the resulting Bi-L-Dek_K5-tTA mice and was suppressed with doxycycline treatment in the tetracycline-off system. The mice were subjected to an established HNSCC and esophageal carcinogenesis protocol using the chemical carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). Dek overexpression stimulated gross esophageal tumor development, when compared to doxycycline treated control mice. Furthermore, high Dek expression caused a trend toward esophageal hyperplasia in 4NQO treated mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Dek overexpression in the cell of origin for SCC is sufficient to promote esophageal SCC development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Matrka
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Cimperman
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah R. Haas
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Geraldine Guasch
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Institute Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Lisa A. Ehrman
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Ronald R. Waclaw
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Adam Lane
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Perinatal Institute Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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17
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Smith EA, Krumpelbeck EF, Jegga AG, Greis KD, Ali AM, Meetei AR, Wells SI. The nuclear DEK interactome supports multi-functionality. Proteins 2018; 86:88-97. [PMID: 29082557 PMCID: PMC5730476 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DEK is an oncoprotein that is overexpressed in many forms of cancer and participates in numerous cellular pathways. Of these different pathways, relevant interacting partners and functions of DEK are well described in regard to the regulation of chromatin structure, epigenetic marks, and transcription. Most of this understanding was derived by investigating DNA-binding and chromatin processing capabilities of the oncoprotein. To facilitate the generation of mechanism-driven hypotheses regarding DEK activities in underexplored areas, we have developed the first DEK interactome model using tandem-affinity purification and mass spectrometry. With this approach, we identify IMPDH2, DDX21, and RPL7a as novel DEK binding partners, hinting at new roles for the oncogene in de novo nucleotide biosynthesis and ribosome formation. Additionally, a hydroxyurea-specific interaction with replication protein A (RPA) was observed, suggesting that a DEK-RPA complex may form in response to DNA replication fork stalling. Taken together, these findings highlight diverse activities for DEK across cellular pathways and support a model wherein this molecule performs a plethora of functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Smith
- Department of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH, 45219; USA
| | - Eric F. Krumpelbeck
- Department of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH, 45219; USA
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Greis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Abdullah M. Ali
- Department of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH, 45219; USA
| | - Amom R. Meetei
- Department of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH, 45219; USA
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Department of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, OH, 45219; USA
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18
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Wise-Draper T, Sendilnathan A, Palackdharry S, Pease N, Qualtieri J, Butler R, Sadraei NH, Morris JC, Patil Y, Wilson K, Mark J, Casper K, Takiar V, Lane A, Privette Vinnedge L. Decreased plasma DEK Oncogene Levels Correlate with p16-Negative Disease and Advanced Tumor Stage in a Case-Control Study of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2017; 11:168-174. [PMID: 29289845 PMCID: PMC6002348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and survival upon recurrence and/or metastasis remains poor. HNSCC has traditionally been associated with alcohol and nicotine use, but more recently the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has emerged as a favorable prognostic risk factor for oropharyngeal HNSCC. However, further stratification with additional biomarkers to predict patient outcome continues to be essential. One candidate biomarker is the DEK oncogenic protein, which was previously detected in the urine of patients with bladder cancer and is known to be secreted by immune cells such as macrophages. Here, we investigated if DEK could be detected in human plasma and if DEK levels correlated with clinical and pathological variables of HNSCC. Plasma was separated from the peripheral blood of newly diagnosed, untreated HNSCC patients or age-matched normal healthy controls and analyzed for DEK protein using ELISA. Plasma concentrations of DEK protein were lower in p16-negative tumors compared to both normal controls and patients with p16-positive tumors. Patients with lower plasma concentrations of DEK were also more likely to have late stage tumors and a lower white blood cell count. Contrary to previously published work demonstrating a poor prognosis with high intratumoral DEK levels, we show for the first time that decreased concentrations of DEK in patient plasma correlates with poor prognostic factors, including HPV-negative status as determined by negative p16 expression and advanced tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267.
| | - Arun Sendilnathan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Sarah Palackdharry
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Nicholas Pease
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Julianne Qualtieri
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Randall Butler
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Nooshin Hashemi Sadraei
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - John C Morris
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Yash Patil
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Keith Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Jonathan Mark
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Keith Casper
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267
| | - Adam Lane
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Lisa Privette Vinnedge
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229.
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19
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Yang Y, Gao M, Lin Z, Chen L, Jin Y, Zhu G, Wang Y, Jin T. DEK promoted EMT and angiogenesis through regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98708-98722. [PMID: 29228721 PMCID: PMC5716761 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with poor prognosis. As an oncogene, DEK involves in regulation of various cellular metabolisms and plays an important role in tumor growth and progression. Increasing evidences suggested that abnormal expression of DEK is closely related to multiple malignant tumors. However, the possible involvement of DEK in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis in TNBC remains unclear. In the present study, we revealed that the over-expression of DEK was significantly correlated with clinical stage, differentiation, and lymph node (LN) metastasis of TNBC and indicated poor overall survival of TNBC patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that DEK depletion could significantly reduce cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. We also found that DEK promoted cancer cell angiogenesis and metastasis by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, we revealed the inhibitory effect of DEK depletion on tumor growth and progression in a xenograft tumor model in mice. These data indicated that DEK promotes TNBC cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and therefore, it might be a potential target in TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Meihua Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Liyan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
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20
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Nakashima T, Tomita H, Hirata A, Ishida K, Hisamatsu K, Hatano Y, Kanayama T, Niwa A, Noguchi K, Kato K, Miyazaki T, Tanaka T, Shibata T, Hara A. Promotion of cell proliferation by the proto-oncogene DEK enhances oral squamous cell carcinogenesis through field cancerization. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2424-2439. [PMID: 28834425 PMCID: PMC5633549 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops through a multistep carcinogenic process involving field cancerization. The DEK gene is a proto-oncogene with functions in genetic and epigenetic modifications, and has oncogenic functions, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, and senescence. DEK overexpression is associated with malignancies; however, the functional roles of DEK overexpression are unclear. We demonstrated that DEK-expressing cells were significantly increased in human dysplasia/carcinoma in situ and OSCC. Furthermore, we generated ubiquitous and squamous cell-specific doxycycline (DOX)-inducible Dek mice (iDek and iDek-e mice respectively). Both DOX+ iDek and iDek-e mice did not show differences in the oral mucosa compared with DOX- mice. In the environment exposed to carcinogen, DOX-treated (DOX+) iDek mice showed field cancerization and OSCC development. Microarray analysis revealed that DEK overexpression was mediated by the upregulation of DNA replication- and cell cycle-related genes, particularly those related to the G1 /S transition. Tongue tumors overexpressing DEK showed increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen and elongator complex protein 3 expression. Our data suggest that DEK overexpression enhanced carcinogenesis, including field cancerization, in OSCC by stimulating the G1 /S phase transition and promoting DNA replication, providing important insights into the potential applications of DEK as a target in the treatment and prevention of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakashima
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal ExperimentLife Science Research CenterGifu University1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ishida
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Kenji Hisamatsu
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Kei Noguchi
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Keizo Kato
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Miyazaki
- Division of PathologyGifu University Hospital1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) and Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC‐DiP)Gifu Municipal Hospital7‐1 Kashima‐choGifu500‐8513Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor PathologyGifu University Graduate School of Medicine1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1194Japan
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21
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Liu G, Xiong D, Zeng J, Xu G, Xiao R, Chen B, Huang Z. Prognostic role of DEK in human solid tumors: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98985-98992. [PMID: 29228743 PMCID: PMC5716783 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the oncogenic role of DEK has been recognized in several cancer types. However, its prognostic role in human solid tumor remains unclear. Thus, the present meta-analysis, based on 14 published studies (2208 patients) searched from PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases, assessed the prognostic value of DEK in human solid tumors. Furthermore, the pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) was evaluated with fixed-effects models. A subgroup analysis was also performed according to the patients' ethnicities and tumor types. Data from these published studies were extracted, and the results showed that the overexpression of DEK was significantly associated with poor OS in human solid tumors. The combined hazards ratio was (HR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.64-2.05, P < 0.00001) for OS (univariable analysis) with a fixed-effects model without any significant heterogeneity (P = 0.71, I2 = 0%). The combined HR was (HR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.48-1.96, P < 0.00001) for OS (multivariable analysis) with a fixed-effects model, and no significant heterogeneity was observed (P = 0.36, I2 = 9%). Therefore, the overexpression of DEK was correlated with poor survival in human solid tumors, which suggests that the expression status of DEK is a valuable biomarker for the prediction of prognosis and serves as a novel therapeutic target in human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Xiamen Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Disheng Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Xiamen Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxing Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Xiamen Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Borong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Xiamen Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Xiamen Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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22
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Feng T, Liu Y, Li C, Li Z, Cai H. DEK proto-oncogene is highly expressed in astrocytic tumors and regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation and apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317716248. [PMID: 28670979 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317716248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic tumors are the most common neuroepithelial neoplasms with high relapse rate after surgery. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for astrocytic tumorigenesis and progression will lead to early diagnosis and effective treatment of astrocytic tumors. The DEK mRNA and protein expression in normal brain tissues and astrocytic tumors was quantified. To investigate DEK functions in tumor cells, DEK gene was silenced with siRNA in U251 glioblastoma cells. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were then measured. The expression and activity of key genes that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis were also measured. We identified DEK as a high expressed gene in astrocytic tumor tissues. DEK expression level was positively correlated with the pathological grade of astrocytic tumors. Gene silencing of DEK in U251 glioblastomas inhibited cell proliferation and blocked cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. DEK depletion also induced cell apoptosis, with up-regulated expression of P53 and P21 and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and C-myc. The Caspase-3 activity in U251 cells was also significantly increased after knockdown. Our results provided evidences that DEK regulates proliferation and apoptosis of glioblastomas. DEK gene silencing may induce apoptosis through P53-dependent pathway. Our data indicated DEK plays multiple roles to facilitate tumor growth and maintenance. It can be used as a potential target for astrocytic tumor diagnosis and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianda Feng
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Li
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Heng Cai
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell fate decision during hematopoiesis is regulated by intracellular and extracellular signals such as transcription factors, growth factors, and cell-to-cell interactions. In this review, we explore the function of DEK, a nuclear phosphoprotein, on gene regulation. We also examine how DEK is secreted and internalized by cells, and discuss how both endogenous and extracellular DEK regulates hematopoiesis. Finally, we explore what currently is known about the regulation of DEK during inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS DEK negatively regulates the proliferation of early myeloid progenitor cells but has a positive effect on the differentiation of mature myeloid cells. Inflammation regulates intracellular DEK concentrations with inflammatory stimuli enhancing DEK expression. Inflammation-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation is regulated by DEK, resulting in changes in the production of other inflammatory molecules such as IL-8. Inflammatory stimuli in turn regulates DEK secretion by cells of hematopoietic origin. However, how inflammation-induced expression and secretion of DEK regulates hematopoiesis remains unknown. SUMMARY Understanding how DEK regulates hematopoiesis under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions may lead to a better understanding of the biology of HSCs and HPCs. Furthering our knowledge of the regulation of hematopoiesis will ultimately lead to new therapeutics that may increase the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maegan L Capitano
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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24
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Matrka MC, Watanabe M, Muraleedharan R, Lambert PF, Lane AN, Romick-Rosendale LE, Wells SI. Overexpression of the human DEK oncogene reprograms cellular metabolism and promotes glycolysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177952. [PMID: 28558019 PMCID: PMC5448751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The DEK oncogene is overexpressed in many human malignancies including at early tumor stages. Our reported in vitro and in vivo models of squamous cell carcinoma have demonstrated that DEK contributes functionally to cellular and tumor survival and to proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Based on recent RNA sequencing experiments, DEK expression was necessary for the transcription of several metabolic enzymes involved in anabolic pathways. This identified a possible mechanism whereby DEK may drive cellular metabolism to enable cell proliferation. Functional metabolic Seahorse analysis demonstrated increased baseline and maximum extracellular acidification rates, a readout of glycolysis, in DEK-overexpressing keratinocytes and squamous cell carcinoma cells. DEK overexpression also increased the maximum rate of oxygen consumption and therefore increased the potential for oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). To detect small metabolites that participate in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) that supplies substrate for OxPhos, we carried out NMR-based metabolomics studies. We found that high levels of DEK significantly reprogrammed cellular metabolism and altered the abundances of amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates and the glycolytic end products lactate, alanine and NAD+. Taken together, these data support a scenario whereby overexpression of the human DEK oncogene reprograms keratinocyte metabolism to fulfill energy and macromolecule demands required to enable and sustain cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Matrka
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Miki Watanabe
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Core Facility, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ranjithmenon Muraleedharan
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lindsey E. Romick-Rosendale
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Core Facility, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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25
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Smith EA, Kumar B, Komurov K, Smith SM, Brown NV, Zhao S, Kumar P, Teknos TN, Wells SI. DEK associates with tumor stage and outcome in HPV16 positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23414-23426. [PMID: 28423581 PMCID: PMC5410314 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) are common, have poor outcomes, and comprise two biologically and clinically distinct diseases. While OPSCC that arise from human papillomavirus infections (HPV+) have better overall survival than their HPV- counterparts, the incidence of HPV+ OPSCC is increasing dramatically, affecting younger individuals which are often left with life-long co-morbidities from aggressive treatment. To identify patients which do poorly versus those who might benefit from milder regimens, risk-stratifying biomarkers are now needed within this population. One potential marker is the DEK oncoprotein, whose transcriptional upregulation in most malignancies is associated with chemotherapy resistance, advanced tumor stage, and worse outcomes. Herein, a retrospective case study was performed on DEK protein expression in therapy-naïve surgical resections from 194 OPSCC patients. We found that DEK was associated with advanced tumor stage, increased hazard of death, and interleukin IL6 expression in HPV16+ disease. Surprisingly, DEK levels in HPV16- OPSCC were not associated with advanced tumor stage or increased hazard of death. Overall, these findings mark HPV16- OPSCC as an exceptional malignancy were DEK expression does not correlate with outcome, and support the potential prognostic utility of DEK to identify aggressive HPV16+ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Smith
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nicole V. Brown
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Theodoros N. Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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Smith EA, Gole B, Willis NA, Soria R, Starnes LM, Krumpelbeck EF, Jegga AG, Ali AM, Guo H, Meetei AR, Andreassen PR, Kappes F, Vinnedge LMP, Daniel JA, Scully R, Wiesmüller L, Wells SI. DEK is required for homologous recombination repair of DNA breaks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44662. [PMID: 28317934 PMCID: PMC5357905 DOI: 10.1038/srep44662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DEK is a highly conserved chromatin-bound protein whose upregulation across cancer types correlates with genotoxic therapy resistance. Loss of DEK induces genome instability and sensitizes cells to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), suggesting defects in DNA repair. While these DEK-deficiency phenotypes were thought to arise from a moderate attenuation of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair, the role of DEK in DNA repair remains incompletely understood. We present new evidence demonstrating the observed decrease in NHEJ is insufficient to impact immunoglobulin class switching in DEK knockout mice. Furthermore, DEK knockout cells were sensitive to apoptosis with NHEJ inhibition. Thus, we hypothesized DEK plays additional roles in homologous recombination (HR). Using episomal and integrated reporters, we demonstrate that HR repair of conventional DSBs is severely compromised in DEK-deficient cells. To define responsible mechanisms, we tested the role of DEK in the HR repair cascade. DEK-deficient cells were impaired for γH2AX phosphorylation and attenuated for RAD51 filament formation. Additionally, DEK formed a complex with RAD51, but not BRCA1, suggesting a potential role regarding RAD51 filament formation, stability, or function. These findings define DEK as an important and multifunctional mediator of HR, and establish a synthetic lethal relationship between DEK loss and NHEJ inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Smith
- Division of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Boris Gole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ulm University, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Nicholas A. Willis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rebeca Soria
- Chromatin Structure and Function Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Linda M. Starnes
- Chromatin Structure and Function Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Eric F. Krumpelbeck
- Division of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Abdullah M. Ali
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Haihong Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Amom R. Meetei
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Paul R. Andreassen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ferdinand Kappes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | | | - Jeremy A. Daniel
- Chromatin Structure and Function Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Ralph Scully
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ulm University, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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27
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Qiao MX, Li C, Zhang AQ, Hou LL, Yang J, Hu HG. Regulation of DEK expression by AP-2α and methylation level of DEK promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2382-90. [PMID: 27499261 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DEK is overexpressed in multiple invasive tumors. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of DEK remains unclear. In the present study, progressive-type truncation assay indicated that CpG2-2 (-167 bp/+35 bp) was the DEK core promoter, whose methylation inhibited DEK expression. Bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis indicated that the methylation levels of the DEK promoter in normal hepatic cells and tissues were higher than those in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. TFSEARCH result revealed transcription factor binding sites in CpG2-2. Among the sites, the AP-2α binding site showed the most significant methylation difference; hence, AP-2α is a key transcription factor that regulates DEK expression. Point or deletion mutation of the AP-2α binding site significantly reduced the promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated the binding of AP-2α to the core promoter. Furthermore, knock down of endogenous AP-2α downregulated DEK expression, whereas overexpression of AP-2α upregulated DEK expression. Thus, AP-2α is an important transcription factor of DEK expression, which is correlated with the methylation level of the DEK core promoter in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xu Qiao
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Qun Zhang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Hou
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Gang Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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28
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Yu L, Huang X, Zhang W, Zhao H, Wu G, Lv F, Shi L, Teng Y. Critical role of DEK and its regulation in tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:26844-55. [PMID: 27057626 PMCID: PMC5042019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally. Therefore, it is quite essential to identify novel HCC-related molecules for the discovery of new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. As an oncogene, DEK plays an important role in cell processes and participates in a variety of cellular metabolic functions, and its altered expression is associated with several human malignancies. However, the functional significance of DEK and the involved complex biological events in HCC development and progression are poorly understood. Here, combing the results from clinical specimens and cultured cell lines, we uncover a critical oncogenic role of DEK, which is highly expressed in HCC cells. DEK protein encompasses two isoforms (isoforms 1 and 2) and isoform 1 is the most frequently expressed DEK isoform in HCC cells. DEK depletion by using shRNA inhibited the cell proliferation and migration in vitro and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis in mouse models. Consistently, DEK overexpression regardless of which isoform produced the opposite effects. Further studies showed that DEK induced cell proliferation through upregulating cell cycle related CDK signaling, and promoted cell migration and EMT, at least in part, through the repression of β-catenin/E-cadherin axis. Interestingly, isoform 1 induced cell proliferation more efficiently than isoform 2, however, no functional differences existed between these two isoforms in cell migration. Together, our study indicates that DEK expression is required for tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC, providing molecular insights for DEK-related pathogenesis and a basis for developing new strategies against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Wenfa Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Huakan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Fenglin Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yong Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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29
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang S, Luo X, Li Y, Lv Z, Zhu J, Lin J, Ding L, Ye Q. The DEK oncogene activates VEGF expression and promotes tumor angiogenesis and growth in HIF-1α-dependent and -independent manners. Oncotarget 2016; 7:23740-56. [PMID: 26988756 PMCID: PMC5029660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The DEK oncogene is overexpressed in various cancers and overexpression of DEK correlates with poor clinical outcome. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important regulator of tumor angiogenesis, a process essential for tumor growth and metastasis. However, whether DEK enhances tumor angiogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that DEK is a key regulator of VEGF expression and tumor angiogenesis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we found that DEK promoted VEGF transcription in breast cancer cells (MCF7, ZR75-1 and MDA-MB-231) by directly binding to putative DEK-responsive element (DRE) of the VEGF promoter and indirectly binding to hypoxia response element (HRE) upstream of the DRE through its interaction with the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), a master regulator of tumor angiogenesis and growth. DEK is responsible for recruitment of HIF-1α and the histone acetyltransferase p300 to the VEGF promoter. DEK-enhanced VEGF increases vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation as well as angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. DEK promotes tumor angiogenesis and growth in nude mice in HIF-1α-dependent and -independent manners. Immunohistochemical staining showed that DEK expression positively correlates with the expression of VEGF and microvessel number in 58 breast cancer patients. Our data establish DEK as a sequence-specific binding transcription factor, a novel coactivator for HIF-1α in regulation of VEGF transcription and a novel promoter of angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Chick Embryo
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/metabolism
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/genetics
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Response Elements
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Ding
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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30
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Purushothaman P, Dabral P, Gupta N, Sarkar R, Verma SC. KSHV Genome Replication and Maintenance. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:54. [PMID: 26870016 PMCID: PMC4740845 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is a major etiological agent for multiple severe malignancies in immune-compromised patients. KSHV establishes lifetime persistence in the infected individuals and displays two distinct life cycles, generally a prolonged passive latent, and a short productive or lytic cycle. During latent phase, the viral episome is tethered to the host chromosome and replicates once during every cell division. Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is a predominant multifunctional nuclear protein expressed during latency, which plays a central role in episome tethering, replication and perpetual segregation of the episomes during cell division. LANA binds cooperatively to LANA binding sites (LBS) within the terminal repeat (TR) region of the viral episome as well as to the cellular nucleosomal proteins to tether viral episome to the host chromosome. LANA has been shown to modulate multiple cellular signaling pathways and recruits various cellular proteins such as chromatin modifying enzymes, replication factors, transcription factors, and cellular mitotic framework to maintain a successful latent infection. Although, many other regions within the KSHV genome can initiate replication, KSHV TR is important for latent DNA replication and possible segregation of the replicated episomes. Binding of LANA to LBS favors the recruitment of various replication factors to initiate LANA dependent DNA replication. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms relevant to KSHV genome replication, segregation, and maintenance of latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravinkumar Purushothaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prerna Dabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Namrata Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Roni Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
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Liu X, Qi D, Qi J, Mao Z, Li X, Zhang J, Li J, Gao W. Significance of DEK overexpression for the prognostic evaluation of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:155-62. [PMID: 26530274 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we explored the role of DEK expression for the prognostic evaluation of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). DEK protein and mRNA expression levels were detected in NSCLC cells and fresh tissue samples of NSCLC paired with adjacent non-tumor tissues, respectively. NSCLC cases (n=196) meeting strict follow-up criteria were selected for immunohistochemical staining of DEK protein. Correlations between DEK expression and clinicopathological features of the NSCLC cases were evaluated using Chi-square tests. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the relationship between prognostic factors and patient overall survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard analysis. Based on the results, the levels of DEK protein and mRNA were significantly upregulated in 6 fresh tissue samples of NSCLC. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the DEK expression rate was significantly higher in the NSCLC samples compared with either the adjacent non-tumor tissues or normal lung tissues. DEK expression was correlated with poor differentiation and late pathological stage of NSCLC. DEK expression was also correlated with low disease-free survival and overall survival rates. In the early-stage group, disease-free and overall survival rates of patients with DEK expression were significantly lower than those of patients without DEK expression. Further analysis using a Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that DEK expression emerged as a significant independent hazard factor for the overall survival rate of patients with NSCLC. Consequently, DEK plays an important role in the progression of NSCLC. DEK may potentially be used as an independent biomarker for the prognostic evaluation of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, Liaoning 118000, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Jujie Qi
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Anqiu City, Anqiu, Shandong 262100, P.R. China
| | - Zeshu Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, Liaoning 118000, P.R. China
| | - Jinzi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
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Adams AK, Bolanos LC, Dexheimer PJ, Karns RA, Aronow BJ, Komurov K, Jegga AG, Casper KA, Patil YJ, Wilson KM, Starczynowski DT, Wells SI. IRAK1 is a novel DEK transcriptional target and is essential for head and neck cancer cell survival. Oncotarget 2015; 6:43395-407. [PMID: 26527316 PMCID: PMC4791239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin-binding DEK protein was recently reported to promote the growth of HPV+ and HPV- head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Relevant cellular and molecular mechanism(s) controlled by DEK in HNSCC remain poorly understood. While DEK is known to regulate specific transcriptional targets, global DEK-dependent gene networks in HNSCC are unknown. To identify DEK transcriptional signatures we performed RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in HNSCC cell lines that were either proficient or deficient for DEK. Bioinformatic analyses and subsequent validation revealed that IRAK1, a regulator of inflammatory signaling, and IRAK1-dependent regulatory networks were significantly repressed upon DEK knockdown in HNSCC. According to TCGA data, 14% of HNSCC specimens overexpressed IRAK1, thus supporting possible oncogenic functions. Furthermore, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of IRAK1 in HNSCC cell lines was sufficient to attenuate downstream signaling such as ERK1/2 and to induce HNSCC cell death by apoptosis. Finally, targeting DEK and IRAK1 simultaneously enhanced cell death as compared to targeting either alone. Our findings reveal that IRAK1 promotes cell survival and is an attractive therapeutic target in HNSCC cells. Thus, we propose a model wherein IRAK1 stimulates tumor signaling and phenotypes both independently and in conjunction with DEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie K. Adams
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lyndsey C. Bolanos
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Phillip J. Dexheimer
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekah A. Karns
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce J. Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith A. Casper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yash J. Patil
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith M. Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel T. Starczynowski
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Lohmann F, Dangeti M, Soni S, Chen X, Planutis A, Baron MH, Choi K, Bieker JJ. The DEK Oncoprotein Is a Critical Component of the EKLF/KLF1 Enhancer in Erythroid Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3726-38. [PMID: 26303528 PMCID: PMC4589598 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00382-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how transcriptional regulators are themselves controlled is important in attaining a complete picture of the intracellular effects that follow signaling cascades during early development and cell-restricted differentiation. We have addressed this issue by focusing on the regulation of EKLF/KLF1, a zinc finger transcription factor that plays a necessary role in the global regulation of erythroid gene expression. Using biochemical affinity purification, we have identified the DEK oncoprotein as a critical factor that interacts with an essential upstream enhancer element of the EKLF promoter and exerts a positive effect on EKLF levels. This element also binds a core set of erythroid transcription factors, suggesting that DEK is part of a tissue-restricted enhanceosome that contains BMP4-dependent and -independent components. Together with local enrichment of properly coded histones and an open chromatin domain, optimal transcriptional activation of the EKLF locus can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lohmann
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohan Dangeti
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shefali Soni
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antanas Planutis
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret H Baron
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James J Bieker
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Dissecting the Potential Interplay of DEK Functions in Inflammation and Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2015; 2015:106517. [PMID: 26425120 PMCID: PMC4575739 DOI: 10.1155/2015/106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a long-standing correlation between inflammation, inflammatory cell signaling pathways, and tumor formation. Understanding the mechanisms behind inflammation-driven tumorigenesis is of great research and clinical importance. Although not entirely understood, these mechanisms include a complex interaction between the immune system and the damaged epithelium that is mediated by an array of molecular signals of inflammation—including reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, and NFκB signaling—that are also oncogenic. Here, we discuss the association of the unique DEK protein with these processes. Specifically, we address the role of DEK in chronic inflammation via viral infections and autoimmune diseases, the overexpression and oncogenic activity of DEK in cancers, and DEK-mediated regulation of NFκB signaling. Combined, evidence suggests that DEK may play a complex, multidimensional role in chronic inflammation and subsequent tumorigenesis.
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35
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Deutzmann A, Ganz M, Schönenberger F, Vervoorts J, Kappes F, Ferrando-May E. The human oncoprotein and chromatin architectural factor DEK counteracts DNA replication stress. Oncogene 2015; 34:4270-7. [PMID: 25347734 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA replication stress is a major source of DNA strand breaks and genomic instability, and a hallmark of precancerous lesions. In these hyperproliferative tissues, activation of the DNA damage response results in apoptosis or senescence preventing or delaying their development to full malignancy. In cells, in which this antitumor barrier is disabled by mutations (for example, in p53), viability and further uncontrolled proliferation depend on factors that help to cope with replication-associated DNA damage. Replication problems preferentially arise in chromatin regions harboring complex DNA structures. DEK is a unique chromatin architectural factor which binds to non-B-form DNA structures, such as cruciform DNA or four-way junctions. It regulates DNA topology and chromatin organization, and is essential for the maintenance of heterochromatin integrity. Since its isolation as part of an oncogenic fusion in a subtype of AML, DEK has been consistently associated with tumor progression and chemoresistance. How DEK promotes cancer, however, is poorly understood. Here we show that DEK facilitates cellular proliferation under conditions of DNA replication stress by promoting replication fork progression. DEK also protects from the transmission of DNA damage to the daughter cell generation. We propose that DEK counteracts replication stress and ensures proliferative advantage by resolving problematic DNA and/or chromatin structures at the replication fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deutzmann
- Bioimaging Center, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Ganz
- Bioimaging Center, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - F Schönenberger
- Bioimaging Center, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - J Vervoorts
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Kappes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Ferrando-May
- Bioimaging Center, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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36
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Sandén C, Gullberg U. The DEK oncoprotein and its emerging roles in gene regulation. Leukemia 2015; 29:1632-6. [PMID: 25765544 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The DEK oncogene is highly expressed in cells from most human tissues and overexpressed in a large and growing number of cancers. It also fuses with the NUP214 gene to form the DEK-NUP214 fusion gene in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia. Originally characterized as a member of this translocation, DEK has since been implicated in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation, but its role in these processes is still elusive and intriguingly complex. Similarly multifaceted is its contribution to cellular transformation, affecting multiple cellular processes such as self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, senescence and apoptosis. Recently, the roles of the DEK and DEK-NUP214 proteins have been elucidated by global analysis of DNA binding and gene expression, as well as multiple functional studies. This review outlines recent advances in the understanding of the basic functions of the DEK protein and its role in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sandén
- Department of Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - U Gullberg
- Department of Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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37
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Privette Vinnedge LM, Benight NM, Wagh PK, Pease NA, Nashu MA, Serrano-Lopez J, Adams AK, Cancelas JA, Waltz SE, Wells SI. The DEK oncogene promotes cellular proliferation through paracrine Wnt signaling in Ron receptor-positive breast cancers. Oncogene 2015; 34:2325-36. [PMID: 24954505 PMCID: PMC4275425 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disease progression and recurrence are major barriers to survival for breast cancer patients. Understanding the etiology of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer and underlying mechanisms is critical for the development of new treatments and improved survival. Here, we report that two commonly overexpressed breast cancer oncogenes, Ron (Recepteur d'Origine Nantaise) and DEK, cooperate to promote advanced disease through multipronged effects on β-catenin signaling. The Ron receptor is commonly activated in breast cancers, and Ron overexpression in human disease stimulates β-catenin nuclear translocation and is an independent predictor of metastatic dissemination. Dek is a chromatin-associated oncogene whose expression has been linked to cancer through multiple mechanisms, including β-catenin activity. We demonstrate here that Dek is a downstream target of Ron receptor activation in murine and human models. The absence of Dek in the MMTV-Ron mouse model led to a significant delay in tumor development, characterized by decreased cell proliferation, diminished metastasis and fewer cells expressing mammary cancer stem cell markers. Dek complementation of cell lines established from this model was sufficient to promote cellular growth and invasion. Mechanistically, Dek expression stimulated the production and secretion of Wnt ligands to sustain an autocrine/paracrine canonical β-catenin signaling loop. Finally, we show that Dek overexpression promotes tumorigenic phenotypes in immortalized human mammary epithelial MCF10A cells and, in the context of Ron receptor activation, correlates with disease recurrence and metastasis in patients. Overall, our studies demonstrate that DEK overexpression, due in part to Ron receptor activation, drives breast cancer progression through the induction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy M. Benight
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Purnima K. Wagh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Nicholas A. Pease
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Madison A. Nashu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Juana Serrano-Lopez
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- IMIBIC/UCO/University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Allie K. Adams
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Susan E. Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Research, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Calderón-González KG, Valero Rustarazo ML, Labra-Barrios ML, Bazán-Méndez CI, Tavera-Tapia A, Herrera-Aguirre ME, Sánchez del Pino MM, Gallegos-Pérez JL, González-Márquez H, Hernández-Hernández JM, León-Ávila G, Rodríguez-Cuevas S, Guisa-Hohenstein F, Luna-Arias JP. Determination of the protein expression profiles of breast cancer cell lines by quantitative proteomics using iTRAQ labelling and tandem mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2015; 124:50-78. [PMID: 25918110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Breast cancer is the principal cancer in women worldwide. Although there are serum tumor markers such as CEA and HER2, they are detected in advanced stages of the disease and used as progression and recurrence markers. Therefore, there is a necessity for the identification of new markers that might lead to an early detection and also provide evidence of an effective treatment. The aim of this work was to determine the differential protein expression profiles of four breast cancer cell lines in comparison to a normal control cell line by iTRAQ labelling and tandem mass spectrometry, in order to identify putative biomarkers of the disease. We identified 1,020 iTRAQ-labelled polypeptides with at least one peptide identified with more than 95% in confidence. Overexpressed polypeptides in all cancer cell lines were 78, whilst the subexpressed were 128. We categorised them with PANTHER program into biological processes, being the metabolic pathways the most affected. We detected six groups of proteins with the STRING program involved in DNA topology, glycolysis, translation initiation, splicing, pentose pathway, and proteasome degradation. The main subexpressed protein network included mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. We propose BAG6, DDX39, ANXA8 and COX4 as putative biomarkers in breast cancer. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE We report a set of differentially expressed proteins in the MCF7 and T47D (Luminal A), MDA-MB-231 (Claudin low) and SK-BR-3 (HER2(+)) breast cancer cell lines that have not been previously reported in breast cancer disease. From these proteins, we propose BAG6, DDX39, ANXA8 and COX4 as putative biomarkers in breast cancer. On the other hand, we propose sets of unique polypeptides in each breast cancer cell line that can be useful in the classification of different subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Grisel Calderón-González
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, México, D. F., México.
| | - Ma Luz Valero Rustarazo
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/Rambla del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, España.
| | - Maria Luisa Labra-Barrios
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
| | - César Isaac Bazán-Méndez
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
| | - Alejandra Tavera-Tapia
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
| | - Maria Esther Herrera-Aguirre
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
| | - Manuel M Sánchez del Pino
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/Rambla del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, España.
| | | | - Humberto González-Márquez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, México, D. F., México.
| | - Jose Manuel Hernández-Hernández
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
| | - Gloria León-Ávila
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, México, D. F., México.
| | - Sergio Rodríguez-Cuevas
- Instituto de Enfermedades de la Mama, Fundación del Cáncer de Mama (FUCAM A.C.), Av. Bordo No. 100, Col. Viejo Ejido de Santa Ursula Coapa, Coyoacán, C.P. 04980, México, D. F., México.
| | - Fernando Guisa-Hohenstein
- Instituto de Enfermedades de la Mama, Fundación del Cáncer de Mama (FUCAM A.C.), Av. Bordo No. 100, Col. Viejo Ejido de Santa Ursula Coapa, Coyoacán, C.P. 04980, México, D. F., México.
| | - Juan Pedro Luna-Arias
- Departmento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360, México, D. F., México.
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Identification and characterization of nonhistone chromatin proteins: human positive coactivator 4 as a candidate. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1288:245-72. [PMID: 25827884 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2474-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The highly dynamic nucleoprotein structure of eukaryotic genome is organized in an ordered fashion, the unit of which is the nucleosome. The nucleosome is composed of core histones and DNA of variable size wrapped around it. Apart from the histone proteins, several nonhistone proteins also interact with the complex consisting of the DNA, the core and linker histones conferring highly regulated fluidity on the chromatin and permitting fine tuning of its functions. The nonhistone proteins are multifunctional and accentuate diverse cellular outcomes. In spite of the technical challenges, the architectural role of the nonhistone proteins altering the topology of the chromatin has been studied extensively. To appreciate the significance of the chromatin for genome function, it is essential to examine the role of the nonhistone proteins in different physiological conditions. Here, taking the example of a highly abundant chromatin protein, PC4 (Positive coactivator 4), we describe strategies for the identification of the chromatin-associated proteins and their structural and functional characterization.
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40
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Adams AK, Hallenbeck GE, Casper KA, Patil YJ, Wilson KM, Kimple RJ, Lambert PF, Witte DP, Xiao W, Gillison ML, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Wise-Draper TM, Wells SI. DEK promotes HPV-positive and -negative head and neck cancer cell proliferation. Oncogene 2015; 34:868-77. [PMID: 24608431 PMCID: PMC4160430 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, and patient outcomes using current treatments remain poor. Tumor development is etiologically associated with tobacco or alcohol use and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV-positive HNSCCs, which frequently harbor wild-type p53, carry a more favorable prognosis and are a biologically distinct subgroup when compared with their HPV-negative counterparts. HPV E7 induces expression of the human DEK gene, both in vitro and in vivo. In keratinocytes, DEK overexpression is sufficient for causing oncogenic phenotypes in the absence of E7. Conversely, DEK loss results in cell death in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells at least in part through p53 activation, and Dek knockout mice are relatively resistant to the development of chemically induced skin papillomas. Despite the established oncogenic role of DEK in HPV-associated cervical cancer cell lines and keratinocytes, a functional role of DEK has not yet been explored in HNSCC. Using an established transgenic mouse model of HPV16 E7-induced HNSCC, we demonstrate that Dek is required for optimal proliferation of E7-transgenic epidermal cells and for the growth of HNSCC tumors. Importantly, these studies also demonstrate that DEK protein is universally upregulated in both HPV-positive and -negative human HNSCC tumors relative to adjacent normal tissue. Furthermore, DEK knockdown inhibited the proliferation of HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC cells, establishing a functional role for DEK in human disease. Mechanistic studies reveal that attenuated HNSCC cell growth in response to DEK loss was associated with reduced expression of the oncogenic p53 family member, ΔNp63. Exogenous ΔNp63 expression rescued the proliferative defect in the absence of DEK, thereby establishing a functional DEK-ΔNp63 oncogenic pathway that promotes HNSCC. Taken together, our data demonstrate that DEK stimulates HNSCC cellular growth and identify ΔNp63 as a novel DEK effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie K. Adams
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Grace E. Hallenbeck
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith A. Casper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yash J. Patil
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Keith M. Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Randall J. Kimple
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David P. Witte
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Weihong Xiao
- Viral Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maura L. Gillison
- Viral Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center/University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Trisha M. Wise-Draper
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Lin D, Dong X, Wang K, Wyatt AW, Crea F, Xue H, Wang Y, Wu R, Bell RH, Haegert A, Brahmbhatt S, Hurtado-Coll A, Gout PW, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Collins CC, Wang Y. Identification of DEK as a potential therapeutic target for neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1806-20. [PMID: 25544761 PMCID: PMC4359333 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer which does not respond to hormone therapy. Research of NEPC has been hampered by a lack of clinically relevant in vivo models. Recently, we developed a first-in-field patient tissue-derived xenograft model of complete neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma. By comparing gene expression profiles of a transplantable adenocarcinoma line (LTL331) and its NEPC subline (LTL331R), we identified DEK as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NEPC. In the present study, elevated DEK protein expression was observed in all NEPC xenograft models and clinical NEPC cases, as opposed to their benign counterparts (0%), hormonal naïve prostate cancer (2.45%) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (29.55%). Elevated DEK expression was found to be an independent clinical risk factor, associated with shorter disease-free survival of hormonal naïve prostate cancer patients. DEK silencing in PC-3 cells led to a marked reduction in cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion. The results suggest that DEK plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer, especially to NEPC, and provides a potential biomarker to aid risk stratification of prostate cancer and a novel target for therapy of NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kendric Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Alexander W. Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Rebecca Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Robert H. Bell
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Anne Haegert
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Sonal Brahmbhatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Antonio Hurtado-Coll
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Peter W. Gout
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Martin E. Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Martinez-Useros J, Rodriguez-Remirez M, Borrero-Palacios A, Moreno I, Cebrian A, Gomez del Pulgar T, del Puerto-Nevado L, Vega-Bravo R, Puime-Otin A, Perez N, Zazo S, Senin C, Fernandez-Aceñero MJ, Soengas MS, Rojo F, Garcia-Foncillas J. DEK is a potential marker for aggressive phenotype and irinotecan-based therapy response in metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:965. [PMID: 25515240 PMCID: PMC4300837 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DEK is a transcription factor involved in stabilization of heterochromatin and cruciform structures. It plays an important role in development and progression of different types of cancer. This study aims to analyze the role of DEK in metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS Baseline DEK expression was firstly quantified in 9 colorectal cell lines and normal mucosa by WB. SiRNA-mediated DEK inhibition was carried out for transient DEK silencing in DLD1 and SW620 to dissect its role in colorectal cancer aggressiveness. Irinotecan response assays were performed with SN38 over 24 hours and apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry. Ex-vivo assay was carried out with 3 fresh tumour tissues taken from surgical resection and treated with SN38 for 24 hours. DEK expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 67 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour samples from metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with irinotecan-based therapy as first-line treatment. RESULTS The DEK oncogene is overexpressed in all colorectal cancer cell lines. Knock-down of DEK on DLD1 and SW620 cell lines decreased cell migration and increased irinotecan-induced apoptosis. In addition, low DEK expression level predicted irinotecan-based chemotherapy response in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with KRAS wild-type. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest DEK overexpression as a crucial event for the emergence of an aggressive phenotype in colorectal cancer and its potential role as biomarker for irinotecan response in those patients with KRAS wild-type status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martinez-Useros
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Remirez
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurea Borrero-Palacios
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Moreno
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Cebrian
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gomez del Pulgar
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura del Puerto-Nevado
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Vega-Bravo
- />Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Puime-Otin
- />Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Perez
- />Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- />Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Senin
- />Department of Oncology, Vigo Hospital, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Maria S Soengas
- />Melanoma Research Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- />Department of Pathology, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- />Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute - University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”-UAM, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Uppal T, Banerjee S, Sun Z, Verma SC, Robertson ES. KSHV LANA--the master regulator of KSHV latency. Viruses 2014; 6:4961-98. [PMID: 25514370 PMCID: PMC4276939 DOI: 10.3390/v6124961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV), like other human herpes viruses, establishes a biphasic life cycle referred to as dormant or latent, and productive or lytic phases. The latent phase is characterized by the persistence of viral episomes in a highly ordered chromatin structure and with the expression of a limited number of viral genes. Latency Associated Nuclear Antigen (LANA) is among the most abundantly expressed proteins during latency and is required for various nuclear functions including the recruitment of cellular machineries for viral DNA replication and segregation of the replicated genomes to daughter cells. LANA achieves these functions by recruiting cellular proteins including replication factors, chromatin modifying enzymes and cellular mitotic apparatus assembly. LANA directly binds to the terminal repeat region of the viral genome and associates with nucleosomal proteins to tether to the host chromosome. Binding of LANA to TR recruits the replication machinery, thereby initiating DNA replication within the TR. However, other regions of the viral genome can also initiate replication as determined by Single Molecule Analysis of the Replicated DNA (SMARD) approach. Recent, next generation sequence analysis of the viral transcriptome shows the expression of additional genes during latent phase. Here, we discuss the newly annotated latent genes and the role of major latent proteins in KSHV biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, MS 320, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Sagarika Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 201E Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 201E Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, MS 320, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 201E Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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44
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Waidmann S, Kusenda B, Mayerhofer J, Mechtler K, Jonak C. A DEK domain-containing protein modulates chromatin structure and function in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4328-44. [PMID: 25387881 PMCID: PMC4277211 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.129254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is a major determinant in the regulation of virtually all DNA-dependent processes. Chromatin architectural proteins interact with nucleosomes to modulate chromatin accessibility and higher-order chromatin structure. The evolutionarily conserved DEK domain-containing protein is implicated in important chromatin-related processes in animals, but little is known about its DNA targets and protein interaction partners. In plants, the role of DEK has remained elusive. In this work, we identified DEK3 as a chromatin-associated protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. DEK3 specifically binds histones H3 and H4. Purification of other proteins associated with nuclear DEK3 also established DNA topoisomerase 1α and proteins of the cohesion complex as in vivo interaction partners. Genome-wide mapping of DEK3 binding sites by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing revealed enrichment of DEK3 at protein-coding genes throughout the genome. Using DEK3 knockout and overexpressor lines, we show that DEK3 affects nucleosome occupancy and chromatin accessibility and modulates the expression of DEK3 target genes. Furthermore, functional levels of DEK3 are crucial for stress tolerance. Overall, data indicate that DEK3 contributes to modulation of Arabidopsis chromatin structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Waidmann
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Branislav Kusenda
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliane Mayerhofer
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Jonak
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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45
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Ivanauskiene K, Delbarre E, McGhie JD, Küntziger T, Wong LH, Collas P. The PML-associated protein DEK regulates the balance of H3.3 loading on chromatin and is important for telomere integrity. Genome Res 2014; 24:1584-94. [PMID: 25049225 PMCID: PMC4199371 DOI: 10.1101/gr.173831.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone variant H3.3 is deposited in chromatin at active sites, telomeres, and pericentric heterochromatin by distinct chaperones, but the mechanisms of regulation and coordination of chaperone-mediated H3.3 loading remain largely unknown. We show here that the chromatin-associated oncoprotein DEK regulates differential HIRA- and DAAX/ATRX-dependent distribution of H3.3 on chromosomes in somatic cells and embryonic stem cells. Live cell imaging studies show that nonnucleosomal H3.3 normally destined to PML nuclear bodies is re-routed to chromatin after depletion of DEK. This results in HIRA-dependent widespread chromatin deposition of H3.3 and H3.3 incorporation in the foci of heterochromatin in a process requiring the DAXX/ATRX complex. In embryonic stem cells, loss of DEK leads to displacement of PML bodies and ATRX from telomeres, redistribution of H3.3 from telomeres to chromosome arms and pericentric heterochromatin, induction of a fragile telomere phenotype, and telomere dysfunction. Our results indicate that DEK is required for proper loading of ATRX and H3.3 on telomeres and for telomeric chromatin architecture. We propose that DEK acts as a "gatekeeper" of chromatin, controlling chromatin integrity by restricting broad access to H3.3 by dedicated chaperones. Our results also suggest that telomere stability relies on mechanisms ensuring proper histone supply and routing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ivanauskiene
- Stem Cell Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erwan Delbarre
- Stem Cell Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - James D McGhie
- Epigenetics and Chromatin (EpiC) Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas Küntziger
- Stem Cell Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lee H Wong
- Epigenetics and Chromatin (EpiC) Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Philippe Collas
- Stem Cell Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
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46
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Kim KB, Chae YC, Han A, Kang JY, Jung H, Park JW, Hahm JY, Kim S, Seo SB. Negative regulation of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx 6) transcription by nuclear oncoprotein DEK during leukemia cell differentiation. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.950605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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47
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Shmaryahu A, Carrasco M, Valenzuela PD. Prediction of Bacterial microRNAs and possible targets in human cell transcriptome. J Microbiol 2014; 52:482-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Piao J, Shang Y, Liu S, Piao Y, Cui X, Li Y, Lin Z. High expression of DEK predicts poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:67. [PMID: 24650035 PMCID: PMC3994479 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DEK, as an oncoprotein, plays an important role in cancer development and progression. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of DEK overexpression in patients with gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of DEK protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 172 gastric cancer samples with complete clinicopathological features, and the correlation between DEK expression and clinicopathological features was examined. Survival rates were also calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method in gastric cancer patients with complete survival data. RESULTS DEK protein showed a strictly nuclear staining pattern in gastric cancers with IHC and immunofluorescence. The strongly positive rate of DEK protein was 60.5% (104/172) in gastric cancers, which was significantly higher than that in either gastric dysplasia (19.4%, 7/36) or adjacent normal mucosa (0%, 0/27). DEK expression in gastric cancer correlated to tumor size, differentiation, clinical stage, disease-free survival, and overall survival rates. Further analysis showed that patients with early-stage gastric cancer and high DEK expression had shorter disease-free survival and overall survival duration than those with low DEK expression. CONCLUSION High level of DEK protein expression predicts the poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. DEK expression might be potentially used as an independent effective biomarker for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancers. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5050145571193097.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Piao
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Medical College, No. 977, Gongyuan-Rd, Yanji 133002, China
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yongjun Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Medical College, No. 977, Gongyuan-Rd, Yanji 133002, China
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yingshi Piao
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xuelian Cui
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Medical College, No. 977, Gongyuan-Rd, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yuzi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, No. 1327, Juzi-St, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Medical College, No. 977, Gongyuan-Rd, Yanji 133002, China
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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Verma SC, Cai Q, Kreider E, Lu J, Robertson ES. Comprehensive analysis of LANA interacting proteins essential for viral genome tethering and persistence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74662. [PMID: 24040311 PMCID: PMC3770571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus is tightly linked to multiple human malignancies including Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) and Multicentric Castleman’s Disease (MCD). KSHV like other herpesviruses establishes life-long latency in the infected host by persisting as chromatin and tethering to host chromatin through the virally encoded protein Latency Associated Nuclear Antigen (LANA). LANA, a multifunctional protein, is capable of binding to a large number of cellular proteins responsible for transcriptional regulation of various cellular and viral pathways involved in blocking cell death and promoting cell proliferation. This leads to enhanced cell division and replication of the viral genome, which segregates faithfully in the dividing tumor cells. The mechanism of genome segregation is well known and the binding of LANA to nucleosomal proteins, throughout the cell cycle, suggests that these interactions play an important role in efficient segregation. Various biochemical methods have identified a large number of LANA binding proteins, including histone H2A/H2B, histone H1, MeCP2, DEK, CENP-F, NuMA, Bub1, HP-1, and Brd4. These nucleosomal proteins may have various functions in tethering of the viral genome during specific phases of the viral life cycle. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of their interaction with LANA using a number of different assays. We show that LANA binds to core nucleosomal histones and also associates with other host chromatin proteins including histone H1 and high mobility group proteins (HMGs). We used various biochemical assays including co-immunoprecipitation and in-vivo localization by split GFP and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to demonstrate their association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash C. Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ESR); (SCV)
| | - Qiliang Cai
- MOE& MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Edward Kreider
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology Program of the Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ESR); (SCV)
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Wang J, Sun L, Yang M, Luo W, Gao Y, Liu Z, Qiu X, Wang E. DEK depletion negatively regulates Rho/ROCK/MLC pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:510-21. [PMID: 23571382 PMCID: PMC3707356 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413488120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human DEK proto-oncogene is a nuclear protein with suspected roles in human carcinogenesis. DEK appears to function in several nuclear processes, including transcriptional regulation and modulation of chromatin structure. To investigate the clinicopathological significance of DEK in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we analyzed DEK immunohistochemistry in 112 NSCLC cases. The results showed that DEK was overexpressed mainly in the nuclear compartment of tumor cells. In squamous cell carcinoma, DEK-positive expression occurred in 47.9% (23/48) of cases, and in lung adenocarcinoma, DEK-positive expression occurred in 67.2% (43/64) of cases and correlated with differentiation, p-TNM stage, and nodal status. Moreover, in lung adenocarcinoma, DEK expression was significantly higher compared with DEK expression in squamous cell carcinoma. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with low DEK expression had higher overall survival compared with patients with high DEK expression. Depleting DEK expression inhibited cellular proliferation and migration. Furthermore, in DEK-depleted NSCLC cells, we found that RhoA expression was markedly reduced; in conjunction, active RhoA-GTP levels and the downstream effector phosphorylated MLC2 were also reduced. Taken together, DEK depletion inhibited cellular migration in lung cancer cell lines possibly through inactivation of the RhoA/ROCK/MLC signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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