1
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Miyauchi J. The hematopoietic microenvironment of the fetal liver and transient abnormal myelopoiesis associated with Down syndrome: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104382. [PMID: 38723838 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in neonates with Down syndrome is a distinct form of leukemia or preleukemia that mirrors the hematological features of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. However, it typically resolves spontaneously in the early stages. TAM originates from fetal liver (FL) hematopoietic precursor cells and emerges due to somatic mutations in GATA1 in utero. In TAM, progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate into mature megakaryocytes and granulocytes. This process occurs both in vitro, aided by hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) produced in the FL, and in vivo, particularly in specific anatomical sites like the FL and blood vessels. The FL's hematopoietic microenvironment plays a crucial role in TAM's pathogenesis and may contribute to its spontaneous regression. This review presents an overview of current knowledge regarding the unique features of TAM in relation to the FL hematopoietic microenvironment, focusing on the functions of HGFs and the pathological features of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyauchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Saitama-ken, Japan.
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2
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Sato T, Yoshida K, Toki T, Kanezaki R, Terui K, Saiki R, Ojima M, Ochi Y, Mizuno S, Yoshihara M, Uechi T, Kenmochi N, Tanaka S, Matsubayashi J, Kisai K, Kudo K, Yuzawa K, Takahashi Y, Tanaka T, Yamamoto Y, Kobayashi A, Kamio T, Sasaki S, Shiraishi Y, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Muramatsu H, Hama A, Hasegawa D, Sato A, Koh K, Karakawa S, Kobayashi M, Hara J, Taneyama Y, Imai C, Hasegawa D, Fujita N, Yoshitomi M, Iwamoto S, Yamato G, Saida S, Kiyokawa N, Deguchi T, Ito M, Matsuo H, Adachi S, Hayashi Y, Taga T, Saito AM, Horibe K, Watanabe K, Tomizawa D, Miyano S, Takahashi S, Ogawa S, Ito E. Landscape of driver mutations and their clinical effects on Down syndrome-related myeloid neoplasms. Blood 2024; 143:2627-2643. [PMID: 38513239 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) is a common complication in newborns with Down syndrome (DS). It commonly progresses to myeloid leukemia (ML-DS) after spontaneous regression. In contrast to the favorable prognosis of primary ML-DS, patients with refractory/relapsed ML-DS have poor outcomes. However, the molecular basis for refractoriness and relapse and the full spectrum of driver mutations in ML-DS remain largely unknown. We conducted a genomic profiling study of 143 TAM, 204 ML-DS, and 34 non-DS acute megakaryoblastic leukemia cases, including 39 ML-DS cases analyzed by exome sequencing. Sixteen novel mutational targets were identified in ML-DS samples. Of these, inactivations of IRX1 (16.2%) and ZBTB7A (13.2%) were commonly implicated in the upregulation of the MYC pathway and were potential targets for ML-DS treatment with bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitors. Partial tandem duplications of RUNX1 on chromosome 21 were also found, specifically in ML-DS samples (13.7%), presenting its essential role in DS leukemia progression. Finally, in 177 patients with ML-DS treated following the same ML-DS protocol (the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma Study Group acute myeloid leukemia -D05/D11), CDKN2A, TP53, ZBTB7A, and JAK2 alterations were associated with a poor prognosis. Patients with CDKN2A deletions (n = 7) or TP53 mutations (n = 4) had substantially lower 3-year event-free survival (28.6% vs 90.5%; P < .001; 25.0% vs 89.5%; P < .001) than those without these mutations. These findings considerably change the mutational landscape of ML-DS, provide new insights into the mechanisms of progression from TAM to ML-DS, and help identify new therapeutic targets and strategies for ML-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Cancer Evolution, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Rika Kanezaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Saiki
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masami Ojima
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yotaro Ochi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center and Trans-border Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaharu Yoshihara
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center and Trans-border Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tamayo Uechi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naoya Kenmochi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shiro Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Matsubayashi
- Center for Clinical Research and Advanced Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kenta Kisai
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yuzawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuka Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Akie Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Kamio
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Sasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- M and D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuhei Karakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masao Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junichi Hara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Taneyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chihaya Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daiichiro Hasegawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshitomi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Genki Yamato
- Department of pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi City, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kiyokawa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Deguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Matsuo
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Hayashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
- Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Taga
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akiko M Saito
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keizo Horibe
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Watanabe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Division of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M and D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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3
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Klusmann JH. MYC-stery of Down syndrome unraveled. Blood 2024; 143:2566-2567. [PMID: 38900477 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024024595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
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Hall T, Gurbuxani S, Crispino JD. Malignant progression of preleukemic disorders. Blood 2024; 143:2245-2255. [PMID: 38498034 PMCID: PMC11181356 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The spectrum of myeloid disorders ranges from aplastic bone marrow failure characterized by an empty bone marrow completely lacking in hematopoiesis to acute myeloid leukemia in which the marrow space is replaced by undifferentiated leukemic blasts. Recent advances in the capacity to sequence bulk tumor population as well as at a single-cell level has provided significant insight into the stepwise process of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Using models of progression in the context of germ line predisposition (trisomy 21, GATA2 deficiency, and SAMD9/9L syndrome), premalignant states (clonal hematopoiesis and clonal cytopenia of unknown significance), and myelodysplastic syndrome, we review the mechanisms of progression focusing on the hierarchy of clonal mutation and potential roles of transcription factor alterations, splicing factor mutations, and the bone marrow environment in progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Despite major advances in our understanding, preventing the progression of these disorders or treating them at the acute leukemia phase remains a major area of unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Hall
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sandeep Gurbuxani
- Section of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John D. Crispino
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Takasaki K, Wafula EK, Kumar SS, Smith D, Gagne AL, French DL, Thom CS, Chou ST. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal synergistic and antagonistic effects of T21 and GATA1s on hematopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595827. [PMID: 38826323 PMCID: PMC11142253 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21), or Down syndrome (DS), is associated with baseline macrocytic erythrocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and neutrophilia, and transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). TAM and ML-DS blasts both arise from an aberrant megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor and exclusively express GATA1s, the truncated isoform of GATA1 , while germline GATA1s mutations in a non-T21 context lead to congenital cytopenias without a leukemic predisposition. This suggests that T21 and GATA1s perturb hematopoiesis independently and synergistically, but this interaction has been challenging to study in part due to limited human cell and murine models. To dissect the developmental impacts of GATA1s on hematopoiesis in euploid and T21 cells, we performed a single-cell RNA-sequencing timecourse on hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) derived from isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells differing only by chromosome 21 and/or GATA1 status. These HPCs were surprisingly heterogeneous and displayed spontaneous lineage skew apparently dictated by T21 and/or GATA1s. In euploid cells, GATA1s nearly eliminated erythropoiesis, impaired MK maturation, and promoted an immature myelopoiesis, while in T21 cells, GATA1s appeared to compete with the enhanced erythropoiesis and suppressed megakaryopoiesis driven by T21 to give rise to immature erythrocytes, MKs, and myeloid cells. T21 and GATA1s both disrupted temporal regulation of lineage-specific transcriptional programs and specifically perturbed cell cycle genes. These findings in an isogenic system can thus be attributed specifically to T21 and GATA1s and suggest that these genetic changes together enhance HPC proliferation at the expense of maturation, consistent with a pro-leukemic phenotype.
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Thom CS, Davenport P, Fazelinia H, Soule-Albridge E, Liu ZJ, Zhang H, Feldman HA, Ding H, Roof J, Spruce LA, Ischiropoulos H, Sola-Visner M. Quantitative label-free mass spectrometry reveals content and signaling differences between neonatal and adult platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1447-1462. [PMID: 38160730 PMCID: PMC11055671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical studies have shown that transfusions of adult platelets increase morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Neonatal platelets are hyporesponsive to agonist stimulation, and emerging evidence suggests developmental differences in platelet immune functions. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of resting adult and neonatal platelets. METHODS We isolated resting umbilical cord blood-derived platelets from healthy full-term neonates (n = 8) and resting blood platelets from healthy adults (n = 6) and compared protein and phosphoprotein contents using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. RESULTS We identified 4770 platelet proteins with high confidence across all samples. Adult and neonatal platelets were clustered separately by principal component analysis. Adult platelets were significantly enriched in immunomodulatory proteins, including β2 microglobulin and CXCL12, whereas neonatal platelets were enriched in ribosomal components and proteins involved in metabolic activities. Adult platelets were enriched in phosphorylated GTPase regulatory enzymes and proteins participating in trafficking, which may help prime them for activation and degranulation. Neonatal platelets were enriched in phosphorylated proteins involved in insulin growth factor signaling. CONCLUSION Using label-free data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry, our findings expanded the known neonatal platelet proteome and identified important differences in protein content and phosphorylation between neonatal and adult platelets. These developmental differences suggested enhanced immune functions for adult platelets and presence of molecular machinery related to platelet activation. These findings are important to understanding mechanisms underlying key platelet functions as well as the harmful effects of adult platelet transfusions given to preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin Soule-Albridge
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hua Ding
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Roof
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lynn A Spruce
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Xie Y, Xiang D, Hu X, Pakula H, Park ES, Chi J, Linn DE, Tao L, Li Z. Interplay of IGF1R and estrogen signaling regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585808. [PMID: 38562745 PMCID: PMC10983897 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Tissue stem cells often exhibit developmental stage-specific and sexually dimorphic properties, but the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. By characterizing IGF1R signaling in hematopoietic cells, here we report that its disruption exerts sex-specific effects in adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Loss of IGF1R decreases the HSPC population in females but not in males, in part due to a reduction in HSPC proliferation induced by estrogen. In addition, the adult female microenvironment enhances engraftment of wild-type but not Igf1r-null HSPCs. In contrast, during gestation, when both female and male fetuses are exposed to placental estrogens, loss of IGF1R reduces the numbers of their fetal liver HSPCs regardless of sex. Collectively, these data support the interplay of IGF1R and estrogen pathways in HSPCs and suggest that the proliferation-promoting effect of estrogen on HSPCs is in part mediated via IGF1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hubert Pakula
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jiadong Chi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Douglas E Linn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Luwei Tao
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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8
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Barwe SP, Kolb EA, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Down syndrome and leukemia: An insight into the disease biology and current treatment options. Blood Rev 2024; 64:101154. [PMID: 38016838 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a 10- to 20-fold greater predisposition to develop acute leukemia compared to the general population, with a skew towards myeloid leukemia (ML-DS). While ML-DS is known to be a subtype with good outcome, patients who relapse face a dismal prognosis. Acute lymphocytic leukemia in DS (DS-ALL) is considered to have poor prognosis. The relapse rate is high in DS-ALL compared to their non-DS counterparts. We have a better understanding about the mutational spectrum of DS leukemia. Studies using animal, embryonic stem cell- and induced pluripotent stem cell-based models have shed light on the mechanism by which these mutations contribute to disease initiation and progression. In this review, we list the currently available treatment strategies for DS-leukemias along with their outcome with emphasis on challenges with chemotherapy-related toxicities in children with DS. We focus on the mechanisms of initiation and progression of leukemia in children with DS and highlight the novel molecular targets with greater success in preclinical trials that have the potential to progress to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali P Barwe
- Lisa Dean Moseley Institute for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, USA
| | - E Anders Kolb
- Lisa Dean Moseley Institute for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, USA
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Lisa Dean Moseley Institute for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, USA.
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9
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Sit YT, Takasaki K, An HH, Xiao Y, Hurtz C, Gearhart PA, Zhang Z, Gadue P, French DL, Chou ST. Synergistic roles of DYRK1A and GATA1 in trisomy 21 megakaryopoiesis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172851. [PMID: 37906251 PMCID: PMC10895998 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21 (T21), are at increased risk of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (ML-DS). Both TAM and ML-DS require prenatal somatic mutations in GATA1, resulting in the truncated isoform GATA1s. The mechanism by which individual chromosome 21 (HSA21) genes synergize with GATA1s for leukemic transformation is challenging to study, in part due to limited human cell models with wild-type GATA1 (wtGATA1) or GATA1s. HSA21-encoded DYRK1A is overexpressed in ML-DS and may be a therapeutic target. To determine how DYRK1A influences hematopoiesis in concert with GATA1s, we used gene editing to disrupt all 3 alleles of DYRK1A in isogenic T21 induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with and without the GATA1s mutation. Unexpectedly, hematopoietic differentiation revealed that DYRK1A loss combined with GATA1s leads to increased megakaryocyte proliferation and decreased maturation. This proliferative phenotype was associated with upregulation of D-type cyclins and hyperphosphorylation of Rb to allow E2F release and derepression of its downstream targets. Notably, DYRK1A loss had no effect in T21 iPSCs or megakaryocytes with wtGATA1. These surprising results suggest that DYRK1A and GATA1 may synergistically restrain megakaryocyte proliferation in T21 and that DYRK1A inhibition may not be a therapeutic option for GATA1s-associated leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ting Sit
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kaoru Takasaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hyun Hyung An
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yan Xiao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christian Hurtz
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter A Gearhart
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Thom CS, Davenport P, Fazelinia H, Liu ZJ, Zhang H, Ding H, Roof J, Spruce LA, Ischiropoulos H, Sola-Visner M. Phosphoproteomics reveals content and signaling differences between neonatal and adult platelets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557268. [PMID: 37745418 PMCID: PMC10515911 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Recent clinical studies have shown that transfusions of adult platelets increase morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Neonatal platelets are hyporesponsive to agonist stimulation, and emerging evidence suggests developmental differences in platelet immune functions. This study was designed to compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of resting adult and neonatal platelets. Methods We isolated resting umbilical cord blood-derived platelets from healthy full term neonates (n=9) and resting blood platelets from healthy adults (n=7), and compared protein and phosphoprotein contents using data independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Results We identified 4745 platelet proteins with high confidence across all samples. Adult and neonatal platelets clustered separately by principal component analysis. Adult platelets were significantly enriched for immunomodulatory proteins, including β2 microglobulin and CXCL12, whereas neonatal platelets were enriched for ribosomal components and proteins involved in metabolic activities. Adult platelets were enriched for phosphorylated GTPase regulatory enzymes and proteins participating in trafficking, which may help prime them for activation and degranulation. Neonatal platelets were enriched for phosphorylated proteins involved in insulin growth factor signaling. Conclusions Using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, our findings expanded the known neonatal platelet proteome and identified important differences in protein content and phosphorylation compared with adult platelets. These developmental differences suggested enhanced immune functions for adult platelets and presence of a molecular machinery related to platelet activation. These findings are important to understanding mechanisms underlying key platelet functions as well as the harmful effects of adult platelet transfusions given to preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Ding
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Roof
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynn A Spruce
- Proteomics Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Rozen EJ, Ozeroff CD, Allen MA. RUN(X) out of blood: emerging RUNX1 functions beyond hematopoiesis and links to Down syndrome. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:83. [PMID: 37670378 PMCID: PMC10481493 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RUNX1 is a transcription factor and a master regulator for the specification of the hematopoietic lineage during embryogenesis and postnatal megakaryopoiesis. Mutations and rearrangements on RUNX1 are key drivers of hematological malignancies. In humans, this gene is localized to the 'Down syndrome critical region' of chromosome 21, triplication of which is necessary and sufficient for most phenotypes that characterize Trisomy 21. MAIN BODY Individuals with Down syndrome show a higher predisposition to leukemias. Hence, RUNX1 overexpression was initially proposed as a critical player on Down syndrome-associated leukemogenesis. Less is known about the functions of RUNX1 in other tissues and organs, although growing reports show important implications in development or homeostasis of neural tissues, muscle, heart, bone, ovary, or the endothelium, among others. Even less is understood about the consequences on these tissues of RUNX1 gene dosage alterations in the context of Down syndrome. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on RUNX1 activities outside blood/leukemia, while suggesting for the first time their potential relation to specific Trisomy 21 co-occurring conditions. CONCLUSION Our concise review on the emerging RUNX1 roles in different tissues outside the hematopoietic context provides a number of well-funded hypotheses that will open new research avenues toward a better understanding of RUNX1-mediated transcription in health and disease, contributing to novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Down syndrome-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban J Rozen
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Christopher D Ozeroff
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1945 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Mary Ann Allen
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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12
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Mendoza-Castrejon J, Magee JA. Layered immunity and layered leukemogenicity: Developmentally restricted mechanisms of pediatric leukemia initiation. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:197-215. [PMID: 36588481 PMCID: PMC10301262 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs) arise in successive waves during ontogeny, and their properties change significantly throughout life. Ontological changes in HSCs/MPPs underlie corresponding changes in mechanisms of pediatric leukemia initiation. As HSCs and MPPs progress from fetal to neonatal, juvenile and adult stages of life, they undergo transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming that modifies immune output to meet age-specific pathogenic challenges. Some immune cells arise exclusively from fetal HSCs/MPPs. We propose that this layered immunity instructs cell fates that underlie a parallel layered leukemogenicity. Indeed, some pediatric leukemias, such as juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome, and infant pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, are age-restricted. They only present during infancy or early childhood. These leukemias likely arise from fetal progenitors that lose competence for transformation as they age. Other childhood leukemias, such as non-infant pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, have mutation profiles that are common in childhood but rare in morphologically similar adult leukemias. These differences could reflect temporal changes in mechanisms of mutagenesis or changes in how progenitors respond to a given mutation at different ages. Interactions between leukemogenic mutations and normal developmental switches offer potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Mendoza-Castrejon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jeffrey A. Magee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110
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13
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Gialesaki S, Bräuer-Hartmann D, Issa H, Bhayadia R, Alejo-Valle O, Verboon L, Schmell AL, Laszig S, Regényi E, Schuschel K, Labuhn M, Ng M, Winkler R, Ihling C, Sinz A, Glaß M, Hüttelmaier S, Matzk S, Schmid L, Strüwe FJ, Kadel SK, Reinhardt D, Yaspo ML, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. RUNX1 isoform disequilibrium promotes the development of trisomy 21-associated myeloid leukemia. Blood 2023; 141:1105-1118. [PMID: 36493345 PMCID: PMC10023736 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is among the most frequent aneuploidies in leukemia. However, it remains unclear how partial or complete amplifications of Hsa21 promote leukemogenesis and why children with Down syndrome (DS) (ie, trisomy 21) are particularly at risk of leukemia development. Here, we propose that RUNX1 isoform disequilibrium with RUNX1A bias is key to DS-associated myeloid leukemia (ML-DS). Starting with Hsa21-focused CRISPR-CRISPR-associated protein 9 screens, we uncovered a strong and specific RUNX1 dependency in ML-DS cells. Expression of the RUNX1A isoform is elevated in patients with ML-DS, and mechanistic studies using murine ML-DS models and patient-derived xenografts revealed that excess RUNX1A synergizes with the pathognomonic Gata1s mutation during leukemogenesis by displacing RUNX1C from its endogenous binding sites and inducing oncogenic programs in complex with the MYC cofactor MAX. These effects were reversed by restoring the RUNX1A:RUNX1C equilibrium in patient-derived xenografts in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, pharmacological interference with MYC:MAX dimerization using MYCi361 exerted strong antileukemic effects. Thus, our study highlights the importance of alternative splicing in leukemogenesis, even on a background of aneuploidy, and paves the way for the development of specific and targeted therapies for ML-DS, as well as for other leukemias with Hsa21 aneuploidy or RUNX1 isoform disequilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gialesaki
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Bräuer-Hartmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hasan Issa
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Raj Bhayadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oriol Alejo-Valle
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lonneke Verboon
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Schmell
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Laszig
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Enikő Regényi
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schuschel
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maurice Labuhn
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michelle Ng
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sören Matzk
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Schmid
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sofie-Katrin Kadel
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Dirk Heckl, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: Jan-Henning Klusmann, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
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14
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Qin G, Park ES, Chen X, Han S, Xiang D, Ren F, Liu G, Chen H, Yuan GC, Li Z. Distinct niche structures and intrinsic programs of fallopian tube and ovarian surface epithelial cells. iScience 2022; 26:105861. [PMID: 36624845 PMCID: PMC9823228 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) can originate from either fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) or ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells, but with different latencies and disease outcomes. To address the basis of these differences, we performed single cell RNA-sequencing of mouse cells isolated from the distal half of fallopian tube (FT) and surface layer of ovary. We find at the molecular level, FTE secretory stem/progenitor cells and OSE cells resemble mammary luminal progenitors and basal cells, respectively. An FT stromal subpopulation, enriched with Pdgfra + and Esr1 + cells, expresses multiple secreted factor (e.g., IGF1) and Hedgehog pathway genes and may serve as a niche for FTE cells. In contrast, Lgr5 + OSE cells express similar genes largely by themselves, raising a possibility that they serve as their own niche. The differences in intrinsic expression programs and niche organizations of FTE and OSE cells may contribute to their different courses toward the development of EOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyu Qin
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sen Han
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fang Ren
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huidong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding author
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15
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Kanezaki R, Toki T, Terui K, Sato T, Kobayashi A, Kudo K, Kamio T, Sasaki S, Kawaguchi K, Watanabe K, Ito E. Mechanism of KIT gene regulation by GATA1 lacking the N-terminal domain in Down syndrome-related myeloid disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20587. [PMID: 36447001 PMCID: PMC9708825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). GATA1 mutations are detected in almost all TAM and ML-DS samples, with exclusive expression of short GATA1 protein (GATA1s) lacking the N-terminal domain (NTD). However, it remains to be clarified how GATA1s is involved with both disorders. Here, we established the K562 GATA1s (K562-G1s) clones expressing only GATA1s by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The K562-G1s clones expressed KIT at significantly higher levels compared to the wild type of K562 (K562-WT). Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies identified the GATA1-bound regulatory sites upstream of KIT in K562-WT, K562-G1s clones and two ML-DS cell lines; KPAM1 and CMK11-5. Sonication-based chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay demonstrated that in K562-WT, the - 87 kb enhancer region of KIT was proximal to the - 115 kb, - 109 kb and + 1 kb region, while in a K562-G1s clone, CMK11-5 and primary TAM cells, the - 87 kb region was more proximal to the KIT transcriptional start site. These results suggest that the NTD of GATA1 is essential for proper genomic conformation and regulation of KIT gene expression, and that perturbation of this function might be involved in the pathogenesis of TAM and ML-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kanezaki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Toki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Akie Kobayashi
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Ko Kudo
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Takuya Kamio
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Shinya Sasaki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan
| | - Koji Kawaguchi
- grid.415798.60000 0004 0378 1551Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children’s Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Watanabe
- grid.415798.60000 0004 0378 1551Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children’s Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562 Japan ,grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Department of Community Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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16
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Davenport P, Liu ZJ, Sola-Visner M. Fetal vs adult megakaryopoiesis. Blood 2022; 139:3233-3244. [PMID: 35108353 PMCID: PMC9164738 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal and neonatal megakaryocyte progenitors are hyperproliferative compared with adult progenitors and generate a large number of small, low-ploidy megakaryocytes. Historically, these developmental differences have been interpreted as "immaturity." However, more recent studies have demonstrated that the small, low-ploidy fetal and neonatal megakaryocytes have all the characteristics of adult polyploid megakaryocytes, including the presence of granules, a well-developed demarcation membrane system, and proplatelet formation. Thus, rather than immaturity, the features of fetal and neonatal megakaryopoiesis reflect a developmentally unique uncoupling of proliferation, polyploidization, and cytoplasmic maturation, which allows fetuses and neonates to populate their rapidly expanding bone marrow and blood volume. At the molecular level, the features of fetal and neonatal megakaryopoiesis are the result of a complex interplay of developmentally regulated pathways and environmental signals from the different hematopoietic niches. Over the past few years, studies have challenged traditional paradigms about the origin of the megakaryocyte lineage in both fetal and adult life, and the application of single-cell RNA sequencing has led to a better characterization of embryonic, fetal, and adult megakaryocytes. In particular, a growing body of data suggests that at all stages of development, the various functions of megakaryocytes are not fulfilled by the megakaryocyte population as a whole, but rather by distinct megakaryocyte subpopulations with dedicated roles. Finally, recent studies have provided novel insights into the mechanisms underlying developmental disorders of megakaryopoiesis, which either uniquely affect fetuses and neonates or have different clinical presentations in neonatal compared with adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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17
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Arkoun B, Robert E, Boudia F, Mazzi S, Dufour V, Siret A, Mammasse Y, Aid Z, Vieira M, Imanci A, Aglave M, Cambot M, Petermann R, Souquere S, Rameau P, Catelain C, Diot R, Tachdjian G, Hermine O, Droin N, Debili N, Plo I, Malinge S, Soler E, Raslova H, Mercher T, Vainchenker W. Stepwise GATA1 and SMC3 mutations alter megakaryocyte differentiation in a Down syndrome leukemia model. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:156290. [PMID: 35587378 PMCID: PMC9282925 DOI: 10.1172/jci156290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia of Down syndrome (DS-AMKL) is a model of clonal evolution from a preleukemic transient myeloproliferative disorder requiring both a trisomy 21 (T21) and a GATA1s mutation to a leukemia driven by additional driver mutations. We modeled the megakaryocyte differentiation defect through stepwise gene editing of GATA1s, SMC3+/–, and MPLW515K, providing 20 different T21 or disomy 21 (D21) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clones. GATA1s profoundly reshaped iPSC-derived hematopoietic architecture with gradual myeloid-to-megakaryocyte shift and megakaryocyte differentiation alteration upon addition of SMC3 and MPL mutations. Transcriptional, chromatin accessibility, and GATA1-binding data showed alteration of essential megakaryocyte differentiation genes, including NFE2 downregulation that was associated with loss of GATA1s binding and functionally involved in megakaryocyte differentiation blockage. T21 enhanced the proliferative phenotype, reproducing the cellular and molecular abnormalities of DS-AMKL. Our study provides an array of human cell–based models revealing individual contributions of different mutations to DS-AMKL differentiation blockage, a major determinant of leukemic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Arkoun
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Elie Robert
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabien Boudia
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Stefania Mazzi
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Dufour
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurelie Siret
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yasmine Mammasse
- Département d'Immunologie Plaquettaire, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Zakia Aid
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mathieu Vieira
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Aygun Imanci
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Aglave
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Cambot
- Département d'Immunologie Plaquettaire, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Petermann
- Département d'Immunologie Plaquettaire, Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Souquere
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8122, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Rameau
- UMS AMMICA, INSERM US23, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Cyril Catelain
- UMS AMMICA, INSERM US23, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Romain Diot
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Gerard Tachdjian
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | | | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Najet Debili
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sebastien Malinge
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Eric Soler
- IGMM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- INSERM, UMR1287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM, UMR1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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18
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Zhu T, Zhang H, Li S, Wu K, Yin Y, Zhang X. Detoxified pneumolysin derivative ΔA146Ply inhibits autophagy and induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells by activating mTOR signaling. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:601-612. [PMID: 35538212 PMCID: PMC9166762 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is caused by the malignant clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells, and in adults, the most common type of leukemia is acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Autophagy inhibitors are often used in preclinical and clinical models in leukemia therapy. However, clinically available autophagy inhibitors and their efficacy are very limited. More effective and safer autophagy inhibitors are urgently needed for leukemia therapy. In a previous study, we showed that ΔA146Ply, a mutant of pneumolysin that lacks hemolytic activity, inhibited autophagy of triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating mannose receptor (MR) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and that tumor-bearing mice tolerated ΔA146Ply well. Whether this agent affects AML cells expressing TLR4 and MR and the related mechanisms remain to be determined. In this study, we found that ΔA146Ply inhibited autophagy and induced apoptosis in AML cells. A mechanistic study showed that ΔA146Ply inhibited autophagy by activating mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and induced apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy. ΔA146Ply also inhibited autophagy and induced apoptosis in a mouse model of AML. Furthermore, the combination of ΔA146Ply and chloroquine synergistically inhibited autophagy and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this study provides an alternative effective autophagy inhibitor that may be used for leukemia therapy. A mutated form of the bacterial protein pneumolysin offers a new approach to treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML), due to its ability to stimulate cancer cells to undergo a form of cell suicide called apoptosis. Researchers in China led by Xuemei Zhang at Chongquing Medical University studied the effects of a pneumolysin derivative on cultured human and mouse AML cells. They identified the mechanism by which this derivative activates a known molecular signaling system to inhibit the process of autophagy, in which cells routinely ‘clean up’ degraded or unnecessary components during normal maintenance. This inhibition of autophagy then induced the apoptosis that killed cancer cells. The effect became more pronounced when the pneumolysin derivative was combined with the existing autophagy-inhibiting drug chloroquine. The new combination could be safer and more effective than using chloroquine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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19
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Kobayashi K, Watanabe A, Mizuta S, Nishida Y, Heike T. Phenotypic switching to hypereosinophilia during cytoreductive therapy for transient abnormal myelopoiesis associated with Down syndrome. EJHAEM 2022; 3:543-544. [PMID: 35846025 PMCID: PMC9175812 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research Research Institute National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | - Asami Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
| | - Shumpei Mizuta
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
- Laboratory of Hematology Division of Medical Biophysics Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences Hyogo Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
- Department of Neonatology Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
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20
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Alejo-Valle O, Weigert K, Bhayadia R, Ng M, Issa H, Beyer C, Emmrich S, Schuschel K, Ihling C, Sinz A, Zimmermann M, Wickenhauser C, Flasinski M, Regenyi E, Labuhn M, Reinhardt D, Yaspo ML, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. The megakaryocytic transcription factor ARID3A suppresses leukemia pathogenesis. Blood 2022; 139:651-665. [PMID: 34570885 PMCID: PMC9632760 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the plasticity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, multiple routes of differentiation must be blocked in the the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia, the molecular basis of which is incompletely understood. We report that posttranscriptional repression of the transcription factor ARID3A by miR-125b is a key event in the pathogenesis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). AMKL is frequently associated with trisomy 21 and GATA1 mutations (GATA1s), and children with Down syndrome are at a high risk of developing the disease. The results of our study showed that chromosome 21-encoded miR-125b synergizes with Gata1s to drive leukemogenesis in this context. Leveraging forward and reverse genetics, we uncovered Arid3a as the main miR-125b target behind this synergy. We demonstrated that, during normal hematopoiesis, this transcription factor promotes megakaryocytic differentiation in concert with GATA1 and mediates TGFβ-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in complex with SMAD2/3. Although Gata1s mutations perturb erythroid differentiation and induce hyperproliferation of megakaryocytic progenitors, intact ARID3A expression assures their megakaryocytic differentiation and growth restriction. Upon knockdown, these tumor suppressive functions are revoked, causing a blockade of dual megakaryocytic/erythroid differentiation and subsequently of AMKL. Inversely, restoring ARID3A expression relieves the arrest of megakaryocytic differentiation in AMKL patient-derived xenografts. This work illustrates how mutations in lineage-determining transcription factors and perturbation of posttranscriptional gene regulation can interact to block multiple routes of hematopoietic differentiation and cause leukemia. In AMKL, surmounting this differentiation blockade through restoration of the tumor suppressor ARID3A represents a promising strategy for treating this lethal pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Alejo-Valle
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Karoline Weigert
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Raj Bhayadia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Michelle Ng
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hasan Issa
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Christoph Beyer
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stephan Emmrich
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester NY
| | - Konstantin Schuschel
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marius Flasinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hospital Tauberbischofsheim, Tauberbischofsheim, Germany
| | - Eniko Regenyi
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maurice Labuhn
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
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21
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Boucher AC, Caldwell KJ, Crispino JD, Flerlage JE. Clinical and biological aspects of myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome. Leukemia 2021; 35:3352-3360. [PMID: 34518645 PMCID: PMC8639661 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome are at an elevated risk of leukemia, especially myeloid leukemia (ML-DS). This malignancy is frequently preceded by transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), which is self-limited expansion of fetal liver-derived megakaryocyte progenitors. An array of international studies has led to consensus in treating ML-DS with reduced-intensity chemotherapy, leading to excellent outcomes. In addition, studies performed in the past 20 years have revealed many of the genetic and epigenetic features of the tumors, including GATA1 mutations that are arguably associated with all cases of both TAM and ML-DS. Despite these advances in understanding the clinical and biological aspects of ML-DS, little is known about the mechanisms of relapse. Upon relapse, patients face a poor outcome, and there is no consensus on treatment. Future studies need to be focused on this challenging aspect of leukemia in children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boucher
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Kenneth J Caldwell
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Jamie E Flerlage
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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22
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SON inhibits megakaryocytic differentiation via repressing RUNX1 and the megakaryocytic gene expression program in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1000-1015. [PMID: 33247227 PMCID: PMC8155101 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A high incidence of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in Down syndrome patients implies that chromosome 21 genes have a pivotal role in AMKL development, but the functional contribution of individual genes remains elusive. Here, we report that SON, a chromosome 21-encoded DNA- and RNA-binding protein, inhibits megakaryocytic differentiation by suppressing RUNX1 and the megakaryocytic gene expression program. As megakaryocytic progenitors differentiate, SON expression is drastically reduced, with mature megakaryocytes having the lowest levels. In contrast, AMKL cells express an aberrantly high level of SON, and knockdown of SON induced the onset of megakaryocytic differentiation in AMKL cell lines. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses revealed that SON knockdown turns on the expression of pro-megakaryocytic genes while reducing erythroid gene expression. Mechanistically, SON represses RUNX1 expression by directly binding to the proximal promoter and two enhancer regions, the known +23 kb enhancer and the novel +139 kb enhancer, at the RUNX1 locus to suppress H3K4 methylation. In addition, SON represses the expression of the AP-1 complex subunits JUN, JUNB, and FOSB which are required for late megakaryocytic gene expression. Our findings define SON as a negative regulator of RUNX1 and megakaryocytic differentiation, implicating SON overexpression in impaired differentiation during AMKL development.
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23
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de Castro CPM, Cadefau M, Cuartero S. The Mutational Landscape of Myeloid Leukaemia in Down Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4144. [PMID: 34439298 PMCID: PMC8394284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are particularly prone to haematopoietic disorders. Paediatric myeloid malignancies in DS occur at an unusually high frequency and generally follow a well-defined stepwise clinical evolution. First, the acquisition of mutations in the GATA1 transcription factor gives rise to a transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in DS newborns. While this condition spontaneously resolves in most cases, some clones can acquire additional mutations, which trigger myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS). These secondary mutations are predominantly found in chromatin and epigenetic regulators-such as cohesin, CTCF or EZH2-and in signalling mediators of the JAK/STAT and RAS pathways. Most of them are also found in non-DS myeloid malignancies, albeit at extremely different frequencies. Intriguingly, mutations in proteins involved in the three-dimensional organization of the genome are found in nearly 50% of cases. How the resulting mutant proteins cooperate with trisomy 21 and mutant GATA1 to promote ML-DS is not fully understood. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge about the sequential acquisition of genomic alterations in ML-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cadefau
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.P.M.d.C); (M.C.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergi Cuartero
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.P.M.d.C); (M.C.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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24
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Sendker S, Waack K, Reinhardt D. Far from Health: The Bone Marrow Microenvironment in AML, A Leukemia Supportive Shelter. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:371. [PMID: 34066861 PMCID: PMC8150304 DOI: 10.3390/children8050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the second most common leukemia among children. Although significant progress in AML therapy has been achieved, treatment failure is still associated with poor prognosis, emphasizing the need for novel, innovative therapeutic approaches. To address this major obstacle, extensive knowledge about leukemogenesis and the complex interplay between leukemic cells and their microenvironment is required. The tremendous role of this bone marrow microenvironment in providing a supportive and protective shelter for leukemic cells, leading to disease development, progression, and relapse, has been emphasized by recent research. It has been revealed that the interplay between leukemic cells and surrounding cellular as well as non-cellular components is critical in the process of leukemogenesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recently gained knowledge about the importance of the microenvironment in AML whilst focusing on promising future therapeutic targets. In this context, we describe ongoing clinical trials and future challenges for the development of targeted therapies for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Clinic of Pediatrics III, Essen University Hospital, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.S.); (K.W.)
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25
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Abstract
Children show a higher incidence of leukaemia compared with young adolescents, yet their cells are less damaged because of their young age. Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an even higher risk of developing leukaemia during the first years of life. The presence of a constitutive trisomy of chromosome 21 (T21) in DS acts as a genetic driver for leukaemia development, however, additional oncogenic mutations are required. Therefore, T21 provides the opportunity to better understand leukaemogenesis in children. Here, we describe the increased risk of leukaemia in DS during childhood from a somatic evolutionary view. According to this idea, cancer is caused by a variation in inheritable phenotypes within cell populations that are subjected to selective forces within the tissue context. We propose a model in which the increased risk of leukaemia in DS children derives from higher rates of mutation accumulation, already present during fetal development, which is further enhanced by changes in selection dynamics within the fetal liver niche. This model could possibly be used to understand the rate-limiting steps of leukaemogenesis early in life.
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26
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Juban G, Sakakini N, Chagraoui H, Cruz Hernandez D, Cheng Q, Soady K, Stoilova B, Garnett C, Waithe D, Otto G, Doondeea J, Usukhbayar B, Karkoulia E, Alexiou M, Strouboulis J, Morrissey E, Roberts I, Porcher C, Vyas P. Oncogenic Gata1 causes stage-specific megakaryocyte differentiation delay. Haematologica 2021; 106:1106-1119. [PMID: 32527952 PMCID: PMC8018159 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.244541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The megakaryocyte/erythroid transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in newborns with Down syndrome (DS) occurs when Nterminal truncating mutations of the hemopoietic transcription factor GATA1, that produce GATA1short protein (GATA1s), are acquired early in development. Prior work has shown that murine GATA1s, by itself, causes a transient yolk sac myeloproliferative disorder. However, it is unclear where in the hemopoietic cellular hierarchy GATA1s exerts its effects to produce this myeloproliferative state. Here, through a detailed examination of hemopoiesis from murine GATA1s embryonic stem cells (ESC) and GATA1s embryos we define defects in erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation that occur late in hemopoiesis. GATA1s causes an arrest late in erythroid differentiation in vivo, and even more profoundly in ESC-derived cultures, with a marked reduction of Ter-119 cells and reduced erythroid gene expression. In megakaryopoiesis, GATA1s causes a differentiation delay at a specific stage, with accumulation of immature, kit-expressing CD41hi megakaryocytic cells. In this specific megakaryocytic compartment, there are increased numbers of GATA1s cells in S-phase of the cell cycle and a reduced number of apoptotic cells compared to GATA1 cells in the same cell compartment. There is also a delay in maturation of these immature GATA1s megakaryocytic lineage cells compared to GATA1 cells at the same stage of differentiation. Finally, even when GATA1s megakaryocytic cells mature, they mature aberrantly with altered megakaryocyte-specific gene expression and activity of the mature megakaryocyte enzyme, acetylcholinesterase. These studies pinpoint the hemopoietic compartment where GATA1s megakaryocyte myeloproliferation occurs, defining where molecular studies should now be focused to understand the oncogenic action of GATA1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Juban
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit WIMM, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hedia Chagraoui
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit WIMM, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Qian Cheng
- Centre for Computational Biology WIMM, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Kelly Soady
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit WIMM, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Dominic Waithe
- Centre for Computational Biology WIMM, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Georg Otto
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London
| | | | | | - Elena Karkoulia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Rese and Technology-Hellas, Crete Greece
| | - Maria Alexiou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" Vari, Greece
| | - John Strouboulis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Rese and Technology-Hellas, Crete Greece
| | | | | | | | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit WIMM, University of Oxford, UK
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27
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Grimm J, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. Molecular Mechanisms of the Genetic Predisposition to Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in Infants With Down Syndrome. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636633. [PMID: 33777792 PMCID: PMC7992977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome are genetically predisposed to developing acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. This myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML–DS) demonstrates a model of step-wise leukemogenesis with perturbed hematopoiesis already presenting in utero, facilitating the acquisition of additional driver mutations such as truncating GATA1 variants, which are pathognomonic to the disease. Consequently, the affected individuals suffer from a transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM)—a pre-leukemic state preceding the progression to ML–DS. In our review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of the different steps of clonal evolution in Down syndrome leukemogenesis, and aim to provide a comprehensive view on the complex interplay between gene dosage imbalances, GATA1 mutations and somatic mutations affecting JAK-STAT signaling, the cohesin complex and epigenetic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Grimm
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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28
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De Toma I, Dierssen M. Network analysis of Down syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 identifies risk and protective factors for COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1930. [PMID: 33479353 PMCID: PMC7820501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread uncontrollably worldwide while it remains unknown how vulnerable populations, such as Down syndrome (DS) individuals are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals with DS have more risk of infections with respiratory complications and present signs of auto-inflammation. They also present with multiple comorbidities that are associated with poorer COVID-19 prognosis in the general population. All this might place DS individuals at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or poorer clinical outcomes. In order to get insight into the interplay between DS genes and SARS-cov2 infection and pathogenesis we identified the genes associated with the molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and the host proteins interacting with viral proteins from SARS-CoV-2. We then analyzed the overlaps of these genes with HSA21 genes, HSA21 interactors and other genes consistently differentially expressed in DS (using public transcriptomic datasets) and created a DS-SARS-CoV-2 network. We detected COVID-19 protective and risk factors among HSA21 genes and interactors and/or DS deregulated genes that might affect the susceptibility of individuals with DS both at the infection stage and in the progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our analysis suggests that at the infection stage DS individuals might be more susceptible to infection due to triplication of TMPRSS2, that primes the viral S protein for entry in the host cells. However, as the anti-viral interferon I signaling is also upregulated in DS, this might increase the initial anti-viral response, inhibiting viral genome release, viral replication and viral assembly. In the second pro-inflammatory immunopathogenic phase of the infection, the prognosis for DS patients might worsen due to upregulation of inflammatory genes that might favor the typical cytokine storm of COVID-19. We also detected strong downregulation of the NLRP3 gene, critical for maintenance of homeostasis against pathogenic infections, possibly leading to bacterial infection complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario De Toma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Barwe SP, Sidhu I, Kolb EA, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Modeling Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and CRISPR/Cas9 Technology. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:201-209. [PMID: 33102613 PMCID: PMC7558799 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1%–2% of children with Down syndrome (DS) develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML) prior to age 5 years. AML in DS children (ML-DS) is characterized by the pathognomonic mutation in the gene encoding the essential hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1, resulting in N-terminally truncated short form of GATA1 (GATA1s). Trisomy 21 and GATA1s together are sufficient to induce transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) exhibiting pre-leukemic characteristics. Approximately 30% of these cases progress into ML-DS by acquisition of additional somatic mutations. We employed disease modeling in vitro by the use of customizable induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate a TAM model. Isogenic iPSC lines derived from the fibroblasts of DS individuals with trisomy 21 and with disomy 21 were used. The CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 system was used to introduce GATA1 mutation in disomic and trisomic iPSC lines. The hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from GATA1 mutant iPSC lines expressed GATA1s. The expression of GATA1s concomitant with loss of full-length GATA1 reduced the erythroid population, whereas it augmented megakaryoid and myeloid populations, characteristic of TAM. In conclusion, we have developed a model system representing TAM, which can be used for modeling ML-DS by stepwise introduction of additional mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali P Barwe
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Ishnoor Sidhu
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - E Anders Kolb
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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30
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The stem cell-specific long noncoding RNA HOXA10-AS in the pathogenesis of KMT2A-rearranged leukemia. Blood Adv 2020; 3:4252-4263. [PMID: 31867596 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019032029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HOX genes are highly conserved, and their precisely controlled expression is crucial for normal hematopoiesis. Accordingly, deregulation of HOX genes can cause leukemia. However, despite of intensive research on the coding HOX genes, the role of the numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) within the HOX clusters during hematopoiesis and their contribution to leukemogenesis are incompletely understood. Here, we show that the lncRNA HOXA10-AS, located antisense to HOXA10 and mir-196b in the HOXA cluster, is highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as in KMT2A-rearranged and NPM1 mutated acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Using short hairpin RNA- and locked nucleic acid-conjugated chimeric antisense oligonucleotide (LNA-GapmeR)-mediated HOXA10-AS-knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated excision in vitro, we demonstrate that HOXA10-AS acts as an oncogene in KMT2A-rearranged AML. Moreover, HOXA10-AS knockdown severely impairs the leukemic growth of KMT2A-rearranged patient-derived xenografts in vivo, while high HOXA10-AS expression can serve as a marker of poor prognosis in AML patients. Lentiviral expression of HOXA10-AS blocks normal monocytic differentiation of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Mechanistically, we show that HOXA10-AS localizes in the cytoplasm and acts in trans to induce NF-κB target genes. In total, our data imply that the normally HSC-specific HOXA10-AS is an oncogenic lncRNA in KMT2A-r AML. Thus, it may also represent a potential therapeutic target in KMT2A-rearranged AML.
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Davenport P, Liu ZJ, Sola-Visner M. Changes in megakaryopoiesis over ontogeny and their implications in health and disease. Platelets 2020; 31:692-699. [PMID: 32200697 PMCID: PMC8006558 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1742879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research has made it increasingly clear that there are substantial biological differences between fetal/neonatal and adult megakaryopoiesis. Over the last decade, studies revealed a developmentally unique uncoupling of proliferation, polyploidization, and cytoplasmic maturation in neonatal MKs that results in the production of large numbers of small, low ploidy, but mature MKs during this period of development, and identified substantial molecular differences between fetal/neonatal and adult MKs. This review will summarize our current knowledge on the developmental differences between fetal/neonatal and adult MKs, and recent advances in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, including newly described developmentally regulated pathways and miRNAs. We will also discuss the implications of these findings on the ways MKs interact with the environment, the response of neonates to thrombocytopenia, the pathogenesis of Down syndrome-transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), and the developmental stage specific-manifestations of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Laurent AP, Kotecha RS, Malinge S. Gain of chromosome 21 in hematological malignancies: lessons from studying leukemia in children with Down syndrome. Leukemia 2020; 34:1984-1999. [PMID: 32433508 PMCID: PMC7387246 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Structural and numerical alterations of chromosome 21 are extremely common in hematological malignancies. While the functional impact of chimeric transcripts from fused chromosome 21 genes such as TEL-AML1, AML1-ETO, or FUS-ERG have been extensively studied, the role of gain of chromosome 21 remains largely unknown. Gain of chromosome 21 is a frequently occurring aberration in several types of acute leukemia and can be found in up to 35% of cases. Children with Down syndrome (DS), who harbor constitutive trisomy 21, highlight the link between gain of chromosome 21 and leukemogenesis, with an increased risk of developing acute leukemia compared with other children. Clinical outcomes for DS-associated leukemia have improved over the years through the development of uniform treatment protocols facilitated by international cooperative groups. The genetic landscape has also recently been characterized, providing an insight into the molecular pathogenesis underlying DS-associated leukemia. These studies emphasize the key role of trisomy 21 in priming a developmental stage and cellular context susceptible to transformation, and have unveiled its cooperative function with additional genetic events that occur during leukemia progression. Here, using DS-leukemia as a paradigm, we aim to integrate our current understanding of the role of trisomy 21, of critical dosage-sensitive chromosome 21 genes, and of associated mechanisms underlying the development of hematological malignancies. This review will pave the way for future investigations on the broad impact of gain of chromosome 21 in hematological cancer, with a view to discovering new vulnerabilities and develop novel targeted therapies to improve long term outcomes for DS and non-DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouchka P Laurent
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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33
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RNA-Binding Proteins in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103409. [PMID: 32408494 PMCID: PMC7279408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemias are genetic diseases caused by translocations or mutations, which dysregulate hematopoiesis towards malignant transformation. However, the molecular mode of action is highly versatile and ranges from direct transcriptional to post-transcriptional control, which includes RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as crucial regulators of cell fate. RBPs coordinate RNA dynamics, including subcellular localization, translational efficiency and metabolism, by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby controlling the expression of the encoded proteins. In view of the growing interest in these regulators, this review summarizes recent research regarding the most influential RBPs relevant in acute leukemias in particular. The reported RBPs, either dysregulated or as components of fusion proteins, are described with respect to their functional domains, the pathways they affect, and clinical aspects associated with their dysregulation or altered functions.
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Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare malignancy affecting megakaryocytes, platelet-producing cells that reside in the bone marrow. Children with Down syndrome (DS) are particularly prone to developing the disease and have a different age of onset, distinct genetic mutations, and better prognosis as compared with individuals without DS who develop the disease. Here, we discuss the contributions of chromosome 21 genes and other genetic mutations to AMKL, the clinical features of the disease, and the differing features of DS- and non-DS-AMKL. Further studies elucidating the role of chromosome 21 genes in this disease may aid our understanding of how they function in other types of leukemia, in which they are frequently mutated or differentially expressed. Although researchers have made many insights into understanding AMKL, much more remains to be learned about its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen McNulty
- Northwestern University, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Northwestern University, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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35
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Garnett C, Cruz Hernandez D, Vyas P. GATA1 and cooperating mutations in myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:119-130. [PMID: 31769932 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) is an acute megakaryoblastic/erythroid leukaemia uniquely found in children with Down syndrome (constitutive trisomy 21). It has a unique clinical course, being preceded by a pre-leukaemic condition known as transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), and provides an excellent model to study multistep leukaemogenesis. Both TAM and ML-DS blasts carry acquired N-terminal truncating mutations in the erythro-megakaryocytic transcription factor GATA1. These result in exclusive production of a shorter isoform (GATA1s). The majority of TAM cases resolve spontaneously without the need for treatment; however, around 10% acquire additional cooperating mutations and transform to leukaemia, with differentiation block and clinically significant cytopenias. Transformation is driven by the acquisition of additional mutation(s), which cooperate with GATA1s to perturb normal haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Garnett
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David Cruz Hernandez
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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36
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Sas V, Blag C, Zaharie G, Puscas E, Lisencu C, Andronic-Gorcea N, Pasca S, Petrushev B, Chis I, Marian M, Dima D, Teodorescu P, Iluta S, Zdrenghea M, Berindan-Neagoe I, Popa G, Man S, Colita A, Stefan C, Kojima S, Tomuleasa C. Transient leukemia of Down syndrome. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:247-259. [PMID: 31043105 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1613629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Childhood leukemia is mostly a "developmental accident" during fetal hematopoiesis and may require multiple prenatal and postnatal "hits". The World Health Organization defines transient leukemia of Down syndrome (DS) as increased peripheral blood blasts in neonates with DS and classifies this type of leukemia as a separate entity. Although it was shown that DS predisposes children to myeloid leukemia, neither the nature of the predisposition nor the associated genetic lesions have been defined. Acute myeloid leukemia of DS is a unique disease characterized by a long pre-leukemic, myelodysplastic phase, unusual chromosomal findings and a high cure rate. In the present manuscript, we present a comprehensive review of the literature about clinical and biological findings of transient leukemia of DS (TL-DS) and link them with the genetic discoveries in the field. We address the manuscript to the pediatric generalist and especially to the next generation of pediatric hematologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sas
- a Department of Hematology , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania.,b Department of Pediatrics , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Cristina Blag
- b Department of Pediatrics , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Gabriela Zaharie
- c Department of Neonatology , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Emil Puscas
- d Department of Surgery , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Cosmin Lisencu
- d Department of Surgery , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Nicolae Andronic-Gorcea
- a Department of Hematology , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- a Department of Hematology , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Bobe Petrushev
- a Department of Hematology , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Irina Chis
- e Department of Physiology , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Mirela Marian
- f Department of Hematology , Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- f Department of Hematology , Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Patric Teodorescu
- a Department of Hematology , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Sabina Iluta
- a Department of Hematology , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- f Department of Hematology , Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- g MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Gheorghe Popa
- b Department of Pediatrics , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Sorin Man
- b Department of Pediatrics , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
| | - Anca Colita
- h Department of Pediatrics , Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania.,i Department of Pediatrics , Fundeni Clinical Institute , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Cristina Stefan
- j African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Seiji Kojima
- k Department of Pediatrics , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan.,l Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research , Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- a Department of Hematology , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania.,f Department of Hematology , Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center , Cluj Napoca , Romania.,m Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine , Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj Napoca , Romania
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38
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Trisomy silencing by XIST normalizes Down syndrome cell pathogenesis demonstrated for hematopoietic defects in vitro. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5180. [PMID: 30518921 PMCID: PMC6281598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that an integrated XIST transgene can broadly repress one chromosome 21 in Down syndrome (DS) pluripotent cells. Here we address whether trisomy-silencing can normalize cell function and development sufficiently to correct cell pathogenesis, tested in an in vitro model of human fetal hematopoiesis, for which DS cellular phenotypes are best known. XIST induction in four transgenic clones reproducibly corrected over-production of megakaryocytes and erythrocytes, key to DS myeloproliferative disorder and leukemia. A contrasting increase in neural stem and iPS cells shows cell-type specificity, supporting this approach successfully rebalances the hematopoietic developmental program. Given this, we next used this system to extend knowledge of hematopoietic pathogenesis on multiple points. Results demonstrate trisomy 21 expression promotes over-production of CD43+ but not earlier CD34+/CD43-progenitors and indicates this is associated with increased IGF signaling. This study demonstrates proof-of-principle for this epigenetic-based strategy to investigate, and potentially mitigate, DS developmental pathologies.
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39
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IGF-1 facilitates thrombopoiesis primarily through Akt activation. Blood 2018; 132:210-222. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-01-825927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
IGF-1 has the ability to promote megakaryocyte differentiation, PPF, and platelet release. The effect of IGF-1 on thrombopoiesis is mediated primarily by AKT activation with the assistance of SRC-3.
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40
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Gialesaki S, Mahnken AK, Schmid L, Labuhn M, Bhayadia R, Heckl D, Klusmann JH. GATA1s exerts developmental stage-specific effects in human hematopoiesis. Haematologica 2018; 103:e336-e340. [PMID: 29567780 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.191338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gialesaki
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Lena Schmid
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Halle, Germany
| | - Maurice Labuhn
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Halle, Germany
| | - Raj Bhayadia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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41
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Megakaryocyte ontogeny: Clinical and molecular significance. Exp Hematol 2018; 61:1-9. [PMID: 29501467 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fetal megakaryocytes (Mks) differ from adult Mks in key parameters that affect their capacity for platelet production. However, despite being smaller, more proliferative, and less polyploid, fetal Mks generally mature in the same manner as adult Mks. The phenotypic features unique to fetal Mks predispose patients to several disease conditions, including infantile thrombocytopenia, infantile megakaryoblastic leukemias, and poor platelet recovery after umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantations. Ontogenic Mk differences also affect new strategies being developed to address global shortages of platelet transfusion units. These donor-independent, ex vivo production platforms are hampered by the limited proliferative capacity of adult-type Mks and the inferior platelet production by fetal-type Mks. Understanding the molecular programs that distinguish fetal versus adult megakaryopoiesis will help in improving approaches to these clinical problems. This review summarizes the phenotypic differences between fetal and adult Mks, the disease states associated with fetal megakaryopoiesis, and recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms that determine ontogenic Mk transitions.
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42
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Liu C, Yu T, Xing Z, Jiang X, Li Y, Pao A, Mu J, Wallace PK, Stoica G, Bakin AV, Yu YE. Triplications of human chromosome 21 orthologous regions in mice result in expansion of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors and reduction of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4773-4786. [PMID: 29435140 PMCID: PMC5797011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) frequently have hematopoietic abnormalities, including transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia which are often accompanied by acquired GATA1 mutations that produce a truncated protein, GATA1s. The mouse has been used for modeling DS based on the syntenic conservation between human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and three regions in the mouse genome located on mouse chromosome 10 (Mmu10), Mmu16 and Mmu17. To assess the impact of the dosage increase of Hsa21 gene orthologs on the hematopoietic system, we characterized the related phenotype in the Dp(10)1Yey/+;Dp(16)1Yey/+;Dp(17)1Yey/+ model which carries duplications spanning the entire Hsa21 orthologous regions on Mmu10, Mmu16 and Mmu17, and the Dp(10)1Yey/+;Dp(16)1Yey/+;Dp(17)1Yey/+;Gata1Yeym2 model which carries a Gata1s mutation we engineered. Both models exhibited anemia, macrocytosis, and myeloproliferative disorder. Similar to human DS, the megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs) and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) were significantly increased and reduced, respectively, in both models. The subsequent identification of all the aforementioned phenotypes in the Dp(16)1Yey/+ model suggests that the causative dosage sensitive gene(s) are in the Hsa21 orthologous region on Mmu16. Therefore, we reveal here for the first time that the human trisomy 21-associated major segmental chromosomal alterations in mice can lead to expanded MEP and reduced GMP populations, mimicking the dynamics of these myeloid progenitors in DS. These models will provide the critical systems for unraveling the molecular and cellular mechanism of DS-associated myeloproliferative disorder, and particularly for determining how human trisomy 21 leads to expansion of MEPs as well as how such an alteration leads to myeloproliferative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Liu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Xing
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Yichen Li
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Annie Pao
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Justin Mu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Paul K Wallace
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - George Stoica
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Andrei V Bakin
- Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Y Eugene Yu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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43
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Lorenz V, Ramsey H, Liu ZJ, Italiano J, Hoffmeister K, Bihorel S, Mager D, Hu Z, Slayton WB, Kile BT, Sola-Visner M, Ferrer-Marin F. Developmental Stage-Specific Manifestations of Absent TPO/c-MPL Signalling in Newborn Mice. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:2322-2333. [PMID: 29212120 DOI: 10.1160/th17-06-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopaenia (CAMT) is a disorder caused by c-MPL mutations that impair thrombopoietin (TPO) signalling, resulting in a near absence of megakaryocytes (MKs). While this phenotype is consistent in adults, neonates with CAMT can present with severe thrombocytopaenia despite normal MK numbers. To investigate this, we characterized MKs and platelets in newborn c-MPL –/– mice. Liver MKs in c-MPL –/– neonates were reduced in number and size compared with wild-type (WT) age-matched MKs, and exhibited ultrastructural abnormalities not found in adult c-MPL –/– MKs. Platelet counts were lower in c-MPL –/– compared with WT mice at birth and did not increase over the first 2 weeks of life. In vivo biotinylation revealed a significant reduction in the platelet half-life of c-MPL –/– newborn mice (P2) compared with age-matched WT pups, which was not associated with ultrastructural abnormalities. Genetic deletion of the pro-apoptotic Bak did not rescue the severely reduced platelet half-life of c-MPL –/– newborn mice, suggesting that it was due to factors other than platelets entering apoptosis early. Indeed, adult GFP+ (green fluorescent protein transgenic) platelets transfused into thrombocytopenic c-MPL –/– P2 pups also had a shortened lifespan, indicating the importance of cell-extrinsic factors. In addition, neonatal platelets from WT and c-MPL –/– mice exhibited reduced P-selectin surface expression following stimulation compared with adult platelets of either genotype, and platelets from c-MPL –/– neonates exhibited reduced glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) activation in response to thrombin compared with age-matched WT platelets. Taken together, our findings indicate that c-MPL deficiency is associated with abnormal maturation of neonatal MKs and developmental stage-specific defects in platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Lorenz
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Haley Ramsey
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joseph Italiano
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Karin Hoffmeister
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Blood Center of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sihem Bihorel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States.,College of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Donald Mager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Zhongbo Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - William B Slayton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Francisca Ferrer-Marin
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Unidad de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Morales-Meseguer, Centro de Hemodonacion, IMIB-Murcia, CIBERER (CB15/00055), UCAM, Spain
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44
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Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Andrade FG, Brisson GD, Dos Santos Bueno FV, Cezar IS, Noronha EP. Acute myeloid leukaemia at an early age: Reviewing the interaction between pesticide exposure and KMT2A-rearrangement. Ecancermedicalscience 2017; 11:782. [PMID: 29225689 PMCID: PMC5718248 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2017.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in early childhood is characterised by a high frequency of recurrent genomic aberrations associated with distinct myeloid subtypes, clinical outcomes and pathogenesis. Genomic instability is the first step of pathogenic mechanism in early childhood AML. A sum of adverse events is necessary to the development of infant AML (i-AML), which includes latency of biochemical-molecular and cellular effects. Inherited genetic susceptibility associated with exposures to biotransformation substances can modulate the risk of DNA damage and it is a very important piece in the pathogenic puzzle. In this review, we have aimed to explore the chain of events in the time-points of the natural history of i-AML, which includes maternal exposures during pregnancy, the speculations about the formation of somatic mutations during foetal life and the secondary genomic aberrations associated with i-AML. The modulation of risk conferred by xenobiotic metabolism´s genes variants is the bottom line of the pathogenic process. Since we have conducted observational and molecular investigations in early childhood leukaemia, the data focused here is based on Brazilian findings with summarised results of our experience with epidemiological and molecular studies in early-age leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Pombo-de-Oliveira
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Francianne Gomes Andrade
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Gisele Dallapicola Brisson
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vicente Dos Santos Bueno
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Sardou Cezar
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Elda Pereira Noronha
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
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45
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The non-coding RNA landscape of human hematopoiesis and leukemia. Nat Commun 2017; 8:218. [PMID: 28794406 PMCID: PMC5550424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and cell fate decisions. However, their expression patterns and regulatory functions during normal and malignant human hematopoiesis are incompletely understood. Here we present a comprehensive resource defining the non-coding RNA landscape of the human hematopoietic system. Based on highly specific non-coding RNA expression portraits per blood cell population, we identify unique fingerprint non-coding RNAs—such as LINC00173 in granulocytes—and assign these to critical regulatory circuits involved in blood homeostasis. Following the incorporation of acute myeloid leukemia samples into the landscape, we further uncover prognostically relevant non-coding RNA stem cell signatures shared between acute myeloid leukemia blasts and healthy hematopoietic stem cells. Our findings highlight the importance of the non-coding transcriptome in the formation and maintenance of the human blood hierarchy. While micro-RNAs are known regulators of haematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, the role of long non-coding RNAs is less clear. Here the authors provide a non-coding RNA expression landscape of the human hematopoietic system, highlighting their role in the formation and maintenance of the human blood hierarchy.
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46
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Abstract
In this article we discuss the occurrence of myeloid neoplasms in patients with a range of syndromes that are due to germline defects of the RAS signaling pathway and in patients with trisomy 21. Both RAS mutations and trisomy 21 are common somatic events contributing to leukemogenis. Thus, the increased leukemia risk observed in children affected by these conditions is biologically highly plausible. Children with myeloid neoplasms in the context of these syndromes require different treatments than children with sporadic myeloid neoplasms and provide an opportunity to study the role of trisomy 21 and RAS signaling during leukemogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Kratz
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Shai Izraeli
- The Genes, Development and Environment Institute for Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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47
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Elagib KE, Lu CH, Mosoyan G, Khalil S, Zasadzińska E, Foltz DR, Balogh P, Gru AA, Fuchs DA, Rimsza LM, Verhoeyen E, Sansó M, Fisher RP, Iancu-Rubin C, Goldfarb AN. Neonatal expression of RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3 regulates the human fetal-adult megakaryocyte transition. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2365-2377. [PMID: 28481226 DOI: 10.1172/jci88936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic transitions that accompany fetal development, such as erythroid globin chain switching, play important roles in normal physiology and disease development. In the megakaryocyte lineage, human fetal progenitors do not execute the adult morphogenesis program of enlargement, polyploidization, and proplatelet formation. Although these defects decline with gestational stage, they remain sufficiently severe at birth to predispose newborns to thrombocytopenia. These defects may also contribute to inferior platelet recovery after cord blood stem cell transplantation and may underlie inefficient platelet production by megakaryocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells. In this study, comparison of neonatal versus adult human progenitors has identified a blockade in the specialized positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) activation mechanism that is known to drive adult megakaryocyte morphogenesis. This blockade resulted from neonatal-specific expression of an oncofetal RNA-binding protein, IGF2BP3, which prevented the destabilization of the nuclear RNA 7SK, a process normally associated with adult megakaryocytic P-TEFb activation. Knockdown of IGF2BP3 sufficed to confer both phenotypic and molecular features of adult-type cells on neonatal megakaryocytes. Pharmacologic inhibition of IGF2BP3 expression via bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibition also elicited adult features in neonatal megakaryocytes. These results identify IGF2BP3 as a human ontogenic master switch that restricts megakaryocyte development by modulating a lineage-specific P-TEFb activation mechanism, revealing potential strategies toward enhancing platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaleldin E Elagib
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chih-Huan Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Goar Mosoyan
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shadi Khalil
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ewelina Zasadzińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel R Foltz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Balogh
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Deborah A Fuchs
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lisa M Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Ecole Normale Supériere de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Miriam Sansó
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert P Fisher
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camelia Iancu-Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam N Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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48
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Xie Y, Koch ML, Zhang X, Hamblen MJ, Godinho FJ, Fujiwara Y, Xie H, Klusmann JH, Orkin SH, Li Z. Reduced Erg Dosage Impairs Survival of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1773-1785. [PMID: 28436588 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
ERG, an ETS family transcription factor frequently overexpressed in human leukemia, has been implicated as a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cells. However, how ERG controls normal hematopoiesis, particularly at the stem and progenitor cell level, and how it contributes to leukemogenesis remain incompletely understood. Using homologous recombination, we generated an Erg knockdown allele (Ergkd ) in which Erg expression can be conditionally restored by Cre recombinase. Ergkd/kd animals die at E10.5-E11.5 due to defects in endothelial and hematopoietic cells, but can be completely rescued by Tie2-Cre-mediated restoration of Erg in these cells. In Ergkd/+ mice, ∼40% reduction in Erg dosage perturbs both fetal liver and bone marrow hematopoiesis by reducing the numbers of Lin- Sca-1+ c-Kit+ (LSK) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and megakaryocytic progenitors. By genetic mosaic analysis, we find that Erg-restored HSPCs outcompete Ergkd/+ HSPCs for contribution to adult hematopoiesis in vivo. This defect is in part due to increased apoptosis of HSPCs with reduced Erg dosage, a phenotype that becomes more drastic during 5-FU-induced stress hematopoiesis. Expression analysis reveals that reduced Erg expression leads to changes in expression of a subset of ERG target genes involved in regulating survival of HSPCs, including increased expression of a pro-apoptotic regulator Bcl2l11 (Bim) and reduced expression of Jun. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ERG controls survival of HSPCs, a property that may be used by leukemic cells. Stem Cells 2017;35:1773-1785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mia Lee Koch
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melanie J Hamblen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank J Godinho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huafeng Xie
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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49
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Iyer G, Price J, Bourgeois S, Armstrong E, Huang S, Harari PM. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mediated tyrosine 845 phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in the presence of monoclonal antibody cetuximab. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:773. [PMID: 27716204 PMCID: PMC5054590 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and several other human cancers. Monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab that block EGFR signaling, have emerged as valuable molecular targeting agents in clinical cancer therapy. Prolonged exposure to cetuximab can result in cells acquiring resistance by a process that remains incompletely understood. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the immediate early molecular response of cetuximab on physical interactions between EGFR and Insulin growth factor 1 like receptor (IGF-1R) in head and neck cancer cells that are resistant to cetuximab. Co-immunoprecipitation, small molecule inhibitors against phospho-Src and IGF-1R, quantitative western blot of EGFR and Src phosphorylation, cell proliferation assays were used to suggest the role of IGF-1R mediated phosphorylation of specific tyrosine Y845 on EGFR via increased heterodimerization of EGFR and IGF-1R in cetuximab resistant cells. RESULTS Heterodimerization of EGFR with IGF-1R was increased in cetuximab resistant HNSCC cell line UMSCC6. Basal levels of phosphorylated EGFR Y845 showed significant increase in the presence of cetuximab. Surprisingly, this activated Y845 level was not inhibited in the presence of Src inhibitor PP1. Instead, inhibition of IGF-1R by picropodophyllin (PPP) reduced the EGFR Y845 levels. Taken together, these results suggest that heterodimerization of EGFR with IGF-1R can lead to increased activity of EGFR and may be an important platform for cetuximab mediated signaling in head and neck tumors that have become resistant to anti-EGFR therapy. CONCLUSIONS EGFR-IGF-1R interaction has a functional consequence of phosphorylation of EGFR Y845 in cetuximab resistant HNSCC cells and dual targeting of EGFR and IGF-1R is a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Iyer
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA.
| | - James Price
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Shay Bourgeois
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Eric Armstrong
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
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50
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Bhatnagar N, Nizery L, Tunstall O, Vyas P, Roberts I. Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis and AML in Down Syndrome: an Update. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 11:333-41. [PMID: 27510823 PMCID: PMC5031718 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Children with constitutional trisomy 21 (Down syndrome (DS)) have a unique predisposition to develop myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS). This disorder is preceded by a transient neonatal preleukaemic syndrome, transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). TAM and ML-DS are caused by co-operation between trisomy 21, which itself perturbs fetal haematopoiesis and acquired mutations in the key haematopoietic transcription factor gene GATA1. These mutations are found in almost one third of DS neonates and are frequently clinically and haematologcially 'silent'. While the majority of cases of TAM undergo spontaneous remission, ∼10 % will progress to ML-DS by acquiring transforming mutations in additional oncogenes. Recent advances in the unique biological, cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of TAM and ML-DS are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bhatnagar
- Children’s Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Laure Nizery
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Oliver Tunstall
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Paul O’Gorman Building, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol, BS2 8B UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
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