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Ham S, Kim SS, Park S, Kwon HC, Ha SG, Bae Y, Lee G, Lee SV. Combinatorial transcriptomic and genetic dissection of insulin/IGF-1 signaling-regulated longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14151. [PMID: 38529797 PMCID: PMC11258480 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical genetic analysis is invaluable for understanding the genetic interactions underlying specific phenotypes, but requires laborious and subjective experiments to characterize polygenic and quantitative traits. Contrarily, transcriptomic analysis enables the simultaneous and objective identification of multiple genes whose expression changes are associated with specific phenotypes. Here, we conducted transcriptomic analysis of genes crucial for longevity using datasets with daf-2/insulin/IGF-1 receptor mutant Caenorhabditis elegans. Our analysis unraveled multiple epistatic relationships at the transcriptomic level, in addition to verifying genetically established interactions. Our combinatorial analysis also revealed transcriptomic changes associated with longevity conferred by daf-2 mutations. In particular, we demonstrated that the extent of lifespan changes caused by various mutant alleles of the longevity transcription factor daf-16/FOXO matched their effects on transcriptomic changes in daf-2 mutants. We identified specific aging-regulating signaling pathways and subsets of structural and functional RNA elements altered by different genes in daf-2 mutants. Lastly, we elucidated the functional cooperation between several longevity regulators, based on the combination of transcriptomic and molecular genetic analysis. These data suggest that different biological processes coordinately exert their effects on longevity in biological networks. Together our work demonstrates the utility of transcriptomic dissection analysis for identifying important genetic interactions for physiological processes, including aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjin Ham
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Sieun S. Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Sangsoon Park
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Hyunwoo C. Kwon
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Seokjun G. Ha
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Yunkyu Bae
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Gee‐Yoon Lee
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Seung‐Jae V. Lee
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
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2
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Yang Y, Zhang G, Su M, Shi Q, Chen Q. Prefoldin Subunits and Its Associate Partners: Conservations and Specificities in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:556. [PMID: 38498526 PMCID: PMC10893143 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Prefoldins (PFDs) are ubiquitous co-chaperone proteins that originated in archaea during evolution and are present in all eukaryotes, including yeast, mammals, and plants. Typically, prefoldin subunits form hexameric PFD complex (PFDc) that, together with class II chaperonins, mediate the folding of nascent proteins, such as actin and tubulin. In addition to functioning as a co-chaperone in cytoplasm, prefoldin subunits are also localized in the nucleus, which is essential for transcription and post-transcription regulation. However, the specific and critical roles of prefoldins in plants have not been well summarized. In this review, we present an overview of plant prefoldin and its related proteins, summarize the structure of prefoldin/prefoldin-like complex (PFD/PFDLc), and analyze the versatile landscape by prefoldin subunits, from cytoplasm to nucleus regulation. We also focus the specific role of prefoldin-mediated phytohormone response and global plant development. Finally, we overview the emerging prefoldin-like (PFDL) subunits in plants and the novel roles in related processes, and discuss the next direction in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China; (G.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Gang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China; (G.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Mengyu Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China; (G.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Qingbiao Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;
| | - Qingshuai Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China; (G.Z.); (M.S.)
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Yu J, Gao X, Zhang L, Shi H, Yan Y, Han Y, Wu C, Liu Y, Fang M, Huang C, Fan S. Magnolol extends lifespan and improves age-related neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans via increase of stress resistance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3158. [PMID: 38326350 PMCID: PMC10850488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnolol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound in many edible plants, which has various biological effects including anti-aging and alleviating neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanism on longevity is uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effect of magnolol on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and explored the mechanism. The results showed that magnolol treatment significantly extended the lifespan of nematode and alleviated senescence-related decline in the nematode model. Meanwhile, magnolol enhanced stress resistance to heat shock, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), mercuric potassium chloride (MeHgCl) and paraquat (PQ) in nematode. In addition, magnolol reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) activities in nematodes. Magnolol also up-regulated gene expression of sod-3, hsp16.2, ctl-3, daf-16, skn-1, hsf-1, sir2.1, etc., down-regulated gene expression of daf-2, and promoted intranuclear translocation of daf-16 in nematodes. The lifespan-extending effect of magnolol were reversed in insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) pathway-related mutant lines, including daf-2, age-1, daf-16, skn-1, hsf-1 and sir-2.1, suggesting that IIS signaling is involved in the modulation of longevity by magnolol. Furthermore, magnolol improved the age-related neurodegeneration in PD and AD C. elegans models. These results indicate that magnolol may enhance lifespan and health span through IIS and sir-2.1 pathways. Thus, the current findings implicate magnolol as a potential candidate to ameliorate the symptoms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingxuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Minglv Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Zhang M, Xu Z, Shao L, Wang J, He Z, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Wang H. D-pinitol ameliorated H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells and prolonged the lifespan by IIS pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 274:109755. [PMID: 37734471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
D-pinitol (DP) has been extensively regarded as the main active component of legumes for anti-aging. In this study, we intended to explore the anti-aging mechanism of DP, utilizing computer modeling techniques. The results demonstrated that DP significantly delayed H2O2-induced cellular senescence. Model PC12 cells treated with DP exhibited increased cell viability, increased antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT), and reduced ROS and MDA levels. Furthermore, DP was discovered to have a positive effect on healthy longevity. In C. elegans, DP treatment enhanced lifespan, stress capacity, antioxidant capacity (T-SOD/CAT/GSH-Px/MDA/ROS), and altered aging-related indicators of lipofuscin accumulation, pharyngeal pump rate, motility, and reproduction. Moreover, DP could reduce the toxicity Aβ in transgenic C. elegans CL4176, CL2355, and CL2331. Further mechanistic studies indicated DP increased transcription factor (daf-16, skn-1, hsf-1) expression of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling (IIS) pathway. As expected, DP also extended the downstream target genes of the three transcription factors (sod-3, ctl-1, ctl-2, gst-4, hsp-16.1, and hsp-16.2). Further mutant lifespan experiments, network pharmacology, and molecular docking revealed that DP might be life-extending through the IIS pathway. DP deserves extensive investigation and development as a potential anti-aging drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaosi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Liangyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jilite Wang
- Department of Agriculture, Hetao College, Inner Mongolia Bayannur, China
| | - Zouyan He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yumei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
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Soo SK, Rudich ZD, Ko B, Moldakozhayev A, AlOkda A, Van Raamsdonk JM. Biological resilience and aging: Activation of stress response pathways contributes to lifespan extension. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101941. [PMID: 37127095 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
While aging was traditionally viewed as a stochastic process of damage accumulation, it is now clear that aging is strongly influenced by genetics. The identification and characterization of long-lived genetic mutants in model organisms has provided insights into the genetic pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in extending longevity. Long-lived genetic mutants exhibit activation of multiple stress response pathways leading to enhanced resistance to exogenous stressors. As a result, lifespan exhibits a significant, positive correlation with resistance to stress. Disruption of stress response pathways inhibits lifespan extension in multiple long-lived mutants representing different pathways of lifespan extension and can also reduce the lifespan of wild-type animals. Combined, this suggests that activation of stress response pathways is a key mechanism by which long-lived mutants achieve their extended longevity and that many of these pathways are also required for normal lifespan. These results highlight an important role for stress response pathways in determining the lifespan of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja K Soo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zenith D Rudich
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bokang Ko
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alibek Moldakozhayev
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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6
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Long KLP, Muroy SE, Sorooshyari SK, Ko MJ, Jaques Y, Sudmant P, Kaufer D. Transcriptomic profiles of stress susceptibility and resilience in the amygdala and hippocampus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527777. [PMID: 36798395 PMCID: PMC9934702 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
A single, severe episode of stress can bring about myriad responses amongst individuals, ranging from cognitive enhancement to debilitating and persistent anxiety; however, the biological mechanisms that contribute to resilience versus susceptibility to stress are poorly understood. The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) are key limbic regions that are susceptible to the neural and hormonal effects of stress. Previous work has also shown that these regions contribute to individual variability in stress responses; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of these regions in susceptibility and resilience are unknown. In this study, we profiled the transcriptomic signatures of the DG and BLA of rats with divergent behavioral outcomes after a single, severe stressor. We subjected rats to three hours of immobilization with exposure to fox urine and conducted a behavioral battery one week after stress to identify animals that showed persistent, high anxiety-like behavior. We then conducted bulk RNA sequencing of the DG and BLA from susceptible, resilient, and unexposed control rats. Differential gene expression analyses revealed that the molecular signatures separating each of the three groups were distinct and non-overlapping between the DG and BLA. In the amygdala, key genes associated with insulin and hormonal signaling corresponded with vulnerability. Specifically, Inhbb, Rab31 , and Ncoa3 were upregulated in the amygdala of stress-susceptible animals compared to resilient animals. In the hippocampus, increased expression of Cartpt - which encodes a key neuropeptide involved in reward, reinforcement, and stress responses - was strongly correlated with vulnerability to anxiety-like behavior. However, few other genes distinguished stress-susceptible animals from control animals, while a larger number of genes separated stress-resilient animals from control and stress-susceptible animals. Of these, Rnf112, Tbx19 , and UBALD1 distinguished resilient animals from both control and susceptible animals and were downregulated in resilience, suggesting that an active molecular response in the hippocampus facilitates protection from the long-term consequences of severe stress. These results provide novel insight into the mechanisms that bring about individual variability in the behavioral responses to stress and provide new targets for the advancement of therapies for stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Lee H, Lee SJV. Recent Progress in Regulation of Aging by Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cells 2022; 45:763-770. [PMID: 36380728 PMCID: PMC9676989 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a major model organism to identify genetic factors that regulate organismal aging and longevity. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF- 1) signaling (IIS) regulates aging in many species, ranging from nematodes to humans. C. elegans is a nonpathogenic genetic nematode model, which has been extensively utilized to identify molecular and cellular components that function in organismal aging and longevity. Here, we review the recent progress in the role of IIS in aging and longevity, which involves direct regulation of protein and RNA homeostasis, stress resistance, metabolism and the activities of the endocrine system. We also discuss recently identified genetic factors that interact with canonical IIS components to regulate aging and health span in C. elegans. We expect this review to provide valuable insights into understanding animal aging, which could eventually help develop anti-aging drugs for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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8
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Lazaro-Pena MI, Ward ZC, Yang S, Strohm A, Merrill AK, Soto CA, Samuelson AV. HSF-1: Guardian of the Proteome Through Integration of Longevity Signals to the Proteostatic Network. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:861686. [PMID: 35874276 PMCID: PMC9304931 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.861686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries made in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that aging is under genetic control. Since these transformative initial studies, C. elegans has become a premier model system for aging research. Critically, the genes, pathways, and processes that have fundamental roles in organismal aging are deeply conserved throughout evolution. This conservation has led to a wealth of knowledge regarding both the processes that influence aging and the identification of molecular and cellular hallmarks that play a causative role in the physiological decline of organisms. One key feature of age-associated decline is the failure of mechanisms that maintain proper function of the proteome (proteostasis). Here we highlight components of the proteostatic network that act to maintain the proteome and how this network integrates into major longevity signaling pathways. We focus in depth on the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), the central regulator of gene expression for proteins that maintain the cytosolic and nuclear proteomes, and a key effector of longevity signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Lazaro-Pena
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zachary C. Ward
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sifan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra Strohm
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Toxicology Training Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alyssa K. Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Toxicology Training Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Celia A. Soto
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Andrew V. Samuelson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrew V. Samuelson,
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Pallapati AR, Prasad S, Roy I. Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates heat shock response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119238. [PMID: 35150808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to identify elements of adaptive regulatory mechanism for basal level of yeast histone deacetylase Sir2. Heat shock response (HSR) was altered in the absence of the NAD-dependent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpd1). Increase in HSR was lower in ΔGpd1 cells than wild-type cells. An inverse correlation existed between Gpd1 and Sir2; Sir2-deleted cells showed higher expression of Gpd1 while deletion of Gpd1 led to higher expression of Sir2. In the absence of Gpd1, basal activity of Sir2 promoter was higher and was increased further upon heat shock, suggesting higher Sir2 levels. No interaction between Gpd1 and Sir2 was detected without or with heat shock using immunoprecipitation. The results show that Gpd1 regulates HSR in yeast cells and likely blocks its uncontrolled activation. As uncontrolled stress adversely affects the cellular adaptive response, Gpd1 may be a component of the cell's catalogue to ensure a balanced response to unmitigated thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Rani Pallapati
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Shivcharan Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Dutta N, Garcia G, Higuchi-Sanabria R. Hijacking Cellular Stress Responses to Promote Lifespan. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:860404. [PMID: 35821861 PMCID: PMC9261414 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.860404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Organisms are constantly exposed to stress both from the external environment and internally within the cell. To maintain cellular homeostasis under different environmental and physiological conditions, cell have adapted various stress response signaling pathways, such as the heat shock response (HSR), unfolded protein responses of the mitochondria (UPRMT), and the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER). As cells grow older, all cellular stress responses have been shown to deteriorate, which is a major cause for the physiological consequences of aging and the development of numerous age-associated diseases. In contrast, elevated stress responses are often associated with lifespan extension and amelioration of degenerative diseases in different model organisms, including C. elegans. Activating cellular stress response pathways could be considered as an effective intervention to alleviate the burden of aging by restoring function of essential damage-clearing machinery, including the ubiquitin-proteosome system, chaperones, and autophagy. Here, we provide an overview of newly emerging concepts of these stress response pathways in healthy aging and longevity with a focus on the model organism, C. elegans.
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11
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Tahmaz I, Shahmoradi Ghahe S, Topf U. Prefoldin Function in Cellular Protein Homeostasis and Human Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:816214. [PMID: 35111762 PMCID: PMC8801880 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.816214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular functions are largely performed by proteins. Defects in the production, folding, or removal of proteins from the cell lead to perturbations in cellular functions that can result in pathological conditions for the organism. In cells, molecular chaperones are part of a network of surveillance mechanisms that maintains a functional proteome. Chaperones are involved in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides and assist in refolding misfolded proteins and guiding proteins for degradation. The present review focuses on the molecular co-chaperone prefoldin. Its canonical function in eukaryotes involves the transfer of newly synthesized polypeptides of cytoskeletal proteins to the tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC/CCT) chaperonin which assists folding of the polypeptide chain in an energy-dependent manner. The canonical function of prefoldin is well established, but recent research suggests its broader function in the maintenance of protein homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Interestingly, non-canonical functions were identified for the prefoldin complex and also for its individual subunits. We discuss the latest findings on the prefoldin complex and its subunits in the regulation of transcription and proteasome-dependent protein degradation and its role in neurological diseases, cancer, viral infections and rare anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Tahmaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Aging and Rejuvenation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Somayeh Shahmoradi Ghahe
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Aging and Rejuvenation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ulrike Topf
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Aging and Rejuvenation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Jung Y, Artan M, Kim N, Yeom J, Hwang AB, Jeong DE, Altintas Ö, Seo K, Seo M, Lee D, Hwang W, Lee Y, Sohn J, Kim EJE, Ju S, Han SK, Nam HJ, Adams L, Ryu Y, Moon DJ, Kang C, Yoo JY, Park SK, Ha CM, Hansen M, Kim S, Lee C, Park SY, Lee SJV. MON-2, a Golgi protein, mediates autophagy-dependent longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj8156. [PMID: 34860542 PMCID: PMC8641931 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in trafficking cargoes such as proteins and lipids. Defects in the Golgi apparatus lead to various diseases, but its role in organismal longevity is largely unknown. Using a quantitative proteomic approach, we found that a Golgi protein, MON-2, was up-regulated in long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with mitochondrial respiration defects and was required for their longevity. Similarly, we showed that DOP1/PAD-1, which acts with MON-2 to traffic macromolecules between the Golgi and endosome, contributed to the longevity of respiration mutants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MON-2 was required for up-regulation of autophagy, a longevity-associated recycling process, by activating the Atg8 ortholog GABARAP/LGG-1 in C. elegans. Consistently, we showed that mammalian MON2 activated GABARAPL2 through physical interaction, which increased autophagic flux in mammalian cells. Thus, the evolutionarily conserved role of MON2 in trafficking between the Golgi and endosome is an integral part of autophagy-mediated longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Murat Artan
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Ara B. Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Özlem Altintas
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Keunhee Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Mihwa Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Dongyeop Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Wooseon Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji E. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sungeun Ju
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Nam
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Linnea Adams
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Youngjae Ryu
- Research Division and Brain Research Core Facilities of Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Moon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Chang Man Ha
- Research Division and Brain Research Core Facilities of Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, South Korea
| | - Malene Hansen
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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13
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Herranz-Montoya I, Park S, Djouder N. A comprehensive analysis of prefoldins and their implication in cancer. iScience 2021; 24:103273. [PMID: 34761191 PMCID: PMC8567396 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefoldins (PFDNs) are evolutionary conserved co-chaperones, initially discovered in archaea but universally present in eukaryotes. PFDNs are prevalently organized into hetero-hexameric complexes. Although they have been overlooked since their discovery and their functions remain elusive, several reports indicate they act as co-chaperones escorting misfolded or non-native proteins to group II chaperonins. Unlike the eukaryotic PFDNs which interact with cytoskeletal components, the archaeal PFDNs can bind and stabilize a wide range of substrates, possibly due to their great structural diversity. The discovery of the unconventional RPB5 interactor (URI) PFDN-like complex (UPC) suggests that PFDNs have versatile functions and are required for different cellular processes, including an important role in cancer. Here, we summarize their functions across different species. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of PFDNs genomic alterations across cancer types by using large-scale cancer genomic data indicates that PFDNs are a new class of non-mutated proteins significantly overexpressed in some cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Herranz-Montoya
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Solip Park
- Computational Cancer Genomics Group, Structural Biology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
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14
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Blanco-Touriñán N, Esteve-Bruna D, Serrano-Mislata A, Esquinas-Ariza RM, Resentini F, Forment J, Carrasco-López C, Novella-Rausell C, Palacios-Abella A, Carrasco P, Salinas J, Blázquez MÁ, Alabadí D. A genetic approach reveals different modes of action of prefoldins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1534-1550. [PMID: 34618031 PMCID: PMC8566299 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The prefoldin complex (PFDc) was identified in humans as a co-chaperone of the cytosolic chaperonin T-COMPLEX PROTEIN RING COMPLEX (TRiC)/CHAPERONIN CONTAINING TCP-1 (CCT). PFDc is conserved in eukaryotes and is composed of subunits PFD1-6, and PFDc-TRiC/CCT folds actin and tubulins. PFDs also participate in a wide range of cellular processes, both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, and their malfunction causes developmental alterations and disease in animals and altered growth and environmental responses in yeast and plants. Genetic analyses in yeast indicate that not all of their functions require the canonical complex. The lack of systematic genetic analyses in plants and animals, however, makes it difficult to discern whether PFDs participate in a process as the canonical complex or in alternative configurations, which is necessary to understand their mode of action. To tackle this question, and on the premise that the canonical complex cannot be formed if one subunit is missing, we generated an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant deficient in the six PFDs and compared various growth and environmental responses with those of the individual mutants. In this way, we demonstrate that the PFDc is required for seed germination, to delay flowering, or to respond to high salt stress or low temperature, whereas at least two PFDs redundantly attenuate the response to osmotic stress. A coexpression analysis of differentially expressed genes in the sextuple mutant identified several transcription factors, including ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4, acting downstream of PFDs. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis allowed assigning additional roles for PFDs, for instance, in response to higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Blanco-Touriñán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Esteve-Bruna
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Serrano-Mislata
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa María Esquinas-Ariza
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Resentini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Javier Forment
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristian Carrasco-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Novella-Rausell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Palacios-Abella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrasco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Julio Salinas
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Á Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Alabadí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), 46022 Valencia, Spain
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15
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Park HEH, Hwang W, Ham S, Kim E, Altintas O, Park S, Son HG, Lee Y, Lee D, Heo WD, Lee SJV. A PTEN variant uncouples longevity from impaired fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans with reduced insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5631. [PMID: 34561453 PMCID: PMC8463539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) regulates various physiological aspects in numerous species. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mutations in the daf-2/insulin/IGF-1 receptor dramatically increase lifespan and immunity, but generally impair motility, growth, and reproduction. Whether these pleiotropic effects can be dissociated at a specific step in insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway remains unknown. Through performing a mutagenesis screen, we identified a missense mutation daf-18(yh1) that alters a cysteine to tyrosine in DAF-18/PTEN phosphatase, which maintained the long lifespan and enhanced immunity, while improving the reduced motility in adult daf-2 mutants. We showed that the daf-18(yh1) mutation decreased the lipid phosphatase activity of DAF-18/PTEN, while retaining a partial protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. We found that daf-18(yh1) maintained the partial activity of DAF-16/FOXO but restricted the detrimental upregulation of SKN-1/NRF2, contributing to beneficial physiological traits in daf-2 mutants. Our work provides important insights into how one evolutionarily conserved component, PTEN, can coordinate animal health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun H Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Wooseon Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Seokjin Ham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Eunah Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Ozlem Altintas
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sangsoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Heehwa G Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongyeop Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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16
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Chen S, Han X, Yang L, Li Q, Shi Y, Li H, Chen L, Sun B, Shi Y, Yang X. Identification and functional analyses of host factors interacting with the 17-kDa protein of Barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8453. [PMID: 33875710 PMCID: PMC8055683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) cause significant economic losses on barley, wheat, and oats worldwide. 17-kDa protein (17K) of BYDVs plays a key role in viral infection in plants, whereas the underlying regulation mechanism of 17K in virus infection remains elusive. In this study, we determined that 17K of BYDV-GAV, the most common species found in China in recent years, was involved in viral pathogenicity. To identify the host factors interacting with 17K, the full length coding sequence of 17K was cloned into pGBKT7 to generate the bait plasmid pGBKT7-17K. 114 positive clones were identified as possible host factors to interact with 17K through screening a tobacco cDNA library. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that they were classified into 35 functional groups, involving three main categories including biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analysis indicated the acquired genes were assigned to 49 KEGG pathways. The majority of these genes were involved in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The interactions between 17K and the 27 proteins with well-documented annotations were verified by conducting yeast two-hybrid assays and 12 of the 27 proteins were verified to interact with 17K. To explore the putative function of the 12 proteins in BYDV-GAV infection, the subcellular localization and expression alterations in the presence of BYDV-GAV were monitored. The results showed that, under the condition of BYDV-GAV infection, RuBisCo, POR, and PPD5 were significantly up-regulated, whereas AEP and CAT1 were significantly down-regulated. Our findings provide insights into the 17K-mediated BYDV-GAV infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qinglun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yajuan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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17
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Lee Y, Jung Y, Jeong DE, Hwang W, Ham S, Park HEH, Kwon S, Ashraf JM, Murphy CT, Lee SJV. Reduced insulin/IGF1 signaling prevents immune aging via ZIP-10/bZIP-mediated feedforward loop. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211856. [PMID: 33666644 PMCID: PMC7941181 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of aging is immunosenescence, a decline in immune functions, which appeared to be inevitable in living organisms, including Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that genetic inhibition of the DAF-2/insulin/IGF-1 receptor drastically enhances immunocompetence in old age in C. elegans. We demonstrate that longevity-promoting DAF-16/FOXO and heat-shock transcription factor 1 (HSF-1) increase immunocompetence in old daf-2(−) animals. In contrast, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (PMK-1), a key determinant of immunity, is only partially required for this rejuvenated immunity. The up-regulation of DAF-16/FOXO and HSF-1 decreases the expression of the zip-10/bZIP transcription factor, which in turn down-regulates INS-7, an agonistic insulin-like peptide, resulting in further reduction of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS). Thus, reduced IIS prevents immune aging via the up-regulation of anti-aging transcription factors that modulate an endocrine insulin-like peptide through a feedforward mechanism. Because many functions of IIS are conserved across phyla, our study may lead to the development of strategies against immune aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoonji Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Wooseon Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Seokjin Ham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hae-Eun H Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sujeong Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jasmine M Ashraf
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Seung-Jae V Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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18
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Mo SJ, Zhao HC, Tian YZ, Zhao HL. The Role of Prefoldin and Its Subunits in Tumors and Their Application Prospects in Nanomedicine. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8847-8856. [PMID: 33061580 PMCID: PMC7520118 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s270237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prefoldin (PFDN) is a hexameric chaperone complex that is widely found in eukaryotes and archaea and consists of six different subunits (PFDN1-6). Its main function is to transfer actin and tubulin monomers to the eukaryotic cell cytoplasmic chaperone protein (c-CPN) specific binding during the assembly of the cytoskeleton, to stabilize the newly synthesized peptides so that they can be folded correctly. The current study found that each subunit of PFDN has different functions, which are closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors. However, the best characteristics of each subunit have not been fully affirmed. The connection between research and tumors can change the understanding of PFDN and further extend its potential prognostic role and structural function to cancer research and clinical practice. This article mainly reviews the role of canonical PFDN and its subunits in tumors and other diseases, and discusses the potential prospects of the unique structure and function of PFDN in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jian Mo
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Bethune Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Chao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Bethune Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Zhang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, People's Republic of China
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19
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Liang J, Xia L, Oyang L, Lin J, Tan S, Yi P, Han Y, Luo X, Wang H, Tang L, Pan Q, Tian Y, Rao S, Su M, Shi Y, Cao D, Zhou Y, Liao Q. The functions and mechanisms of prefoldin complex and prefoldin-subunits. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:87. [PMID: 32699605 PMCID: PMC7370476 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct folding is a key process for a protein to acquire its functional structure and conformation. Prefoldin is a well-known chaperone protein that regulates the correct folding of proteins. Prefoldin plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease). The important role of prefoldin in emerging fields (such as nanoparticles, biomaterials) and tumors has attracted widespread attention. Also, each of the prefoldin subunits has different and independent functions from the prefoldin complex. It has abnormal expression in different tumors and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development, especially c-Myc binding protein MM-1. MM-1 can inhibit the activity of c-Myc through various mechanisms to regulate tumor growth. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the complex functions of prefoldin and their subunits is helpful to understand the mechanisms of protein misfolding and the pathogenesis of diseases caused by misfolded aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Pin Yi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Lu Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Qing Pan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Yutong Tian
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Shan Rao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Yingrui Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
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Di Rosa G, Brunetti G, Scuto M, Trovato Salinaro A, Calabrese EJ, Crea R, Schmitz-Linneweber C, Calabrese V, Saul N. Healthspan Enhancement by Olive Polyphenols in C. elegans Wild Type and Parkinson's Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3893. [PMID: 32486023 PMCID: PMC7312680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent late-age onset neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1% of the population after the age of about 60 years old and 4% of those over 80 years old, causing motor impairments and cognitive dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates that Mediterranean diet (MD) exerts beneficial effects in maintaining health, especially during ageing and by the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, olive oil and its biophenolic constituents like hydroxytyrosol (HT) have received growing attention in the past years. Thus, in the current study we test the health-promoting effects of two hydroxytyrosol preparations, pure HT and Hidrox® (HD), which is hydroxytyrosol in its "natural" environment, in the established invertebrate model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. HD exposure led to much stronger beneficial locomotion effects in wild type worms compared to HT in the same concentration. Consistent to this finding, in OW13 worms, a PD-model characterized by α-synuclein expression in muscles, HD exhibited a significant higher effect on α-synuclein accumulation and swim performance than HT, an effect partly confirmed also in swim assays with the UA44 strain, which features α-synuclein expression in DA-neurons. Interestingly, beneficial effects of HD and HT treatment with similar strength were detected in the lifespan and autofluorescence of wild-type nematodes, in the neuronal health of UA44 worms as well as in the locomotion of rotenone-induced PD-model. Thus, the hypothesis that HD features higher healthspan-promoting abilities than HT was at least partly confirmed. Our study demonstrates that HD polyphenolic extract treatment has the potential to partly prevent or even treat ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases and ageing itself. Future investigations including mammalian models and human clinical trials are needed to uncover the full potential of these olive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.D.R.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Giovanni Brunetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.D.R.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.D.R.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.D.R.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Roberto Crea
- Oliphenol LLC., 26225 Eden Landing Road, Unit C, Hayward, CA 94545, USA;
| | - Christian Schmitz-Linneweber
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Molecular Genetics Group, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, House 22, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.-L.); (N.S.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.D.R.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Nadine Saul
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Molecular Genetics Group, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, House 22, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.-L.); (N.S.)
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Trivedi R, Jurivich DA. A molecular perspective on age-dependent changes to the heat shock axis. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110969. [PMID: 32407864 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process associated with progressive damage that leads to cellular dysfunction often accompanied by frailty and age-related diseases. Coping with all types of physiologic stress declines with age. While representing a primordial, cross-species response in poikilo- and homeotherms, the age-dependent perturbation of the stress response is more complex than previously thought. This short review examines how age influences the stress axis at multiple levels that involve both activating and attenuating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Trivedi
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA.
| | - Donald A Jurivich
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA.
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Goncalves J, Wan Y, Guo X, Rha K, LeBoeuf B, Zhang L, Estler K, Garcia LR. Succinate Dehydrogenase-Regulated Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Sustains Copulation Fitness in Aging C. elegans Males. iScience 2020; 23:100990. [PMID: 32240955 PMCID: PMC7115159 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolism accelerates reduced decision-making and locomotor ability during aging. To identify mechanisms for delaying behavioral decline, we investigated how C. elegans males sustain their copulatory behavior during early to mid-adulthood. We found that in mid-aged males, gluco-/glyceroneogenesis, promoted by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), sustains competitive reproductive behavior. C. elegans' PEPCK paralogs, pck-1 and pck-2, increase in expression during the first 2 days of adulthood. Insufficient PEPCK expression correlates with reduced egl-2-encoded ether-a-go-go K+ channel expression and premature hyper-excitability of copulatory circuits. For copulation, pck-1 is required in neurons, whereas pck-2 is required in the epidermis. However, PCK-2 is more essential, because we found that epidermal PCK-2 likely supplements the copulation circuitry with fuel. We identified the subunit A of succinate dehydrogenase SDHA-1 as a potent modulator of PEPCK expression. We postulate that during mid-adulthood, reduction in mitochondrial physiology signals the upregulation of cytosolic PEPCK to sustain the male's energy demands. C. elegans upregulates pck-1- and pck-2-encoded PEPCK during early adulthood Loss of PEPCK causes premature male copulatory behavior decline Epidermal PEPCK is required to sustain the copulatory fitness Subunit A of succinate dehydrogenase antagonizes PEPCK expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Goncalves
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yufeng Wan
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kyoungsun Rha
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Brigitte LeBoeuf
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Liusuo Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Kerolayne Estler
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - L René Garcia
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Lee JS, Tabata K, Twu WI, Rahman MS, Kim HS, Yu JB, Jee MH, Bartenschlager R, Jang SK. RACK1 mediates rewiring of intracellular networks induced by hepatitis C virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008021. [PMID: 31525236 PMCID: PMC6762199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-strand RNA virus replicating in a membranous replication organelle composed primarily of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) having morphological resemblance to autophagosomes. To define the mechanism of DMV formation and the possible link to autophagy, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screening revealing 32 cellular proteins potentially interacting with HCV proteins. Among these was the Receptor for Activated Protein C Kinase 1 (RACK1), a scaffolding protein involved in many cellular processes, including autophagy. Depletion of RACK1 strongly inhibits HCV RNA replication without affecting HCV internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity. RACK1 is required for the rewiring of subcellular membranous structures and for the induction of autophagy. RACK1 binds to HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), which induces DMV formation. NS5A interacts with ATG14L in a RACK1 dependent manner, and with the ATG14L-Beclin1-Vps34-Vps15 complex that is required for autophagosome formation. Both RACK1 and ATG14L are required for HCV DMV formation and viral RNA replication. These results indicate that NS5A participates in the formation of the HCV replication organelle through interactions with RACK1 and ATG14L. All positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in distinct membrane-associated compartments designated replication organelles. The compartmentalization of viral replication machinery allows the enrichment and coordination of cellular and viral factors required for RNA replication and the evasion from innate host defense systems. Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a prototype member of the Flaviviridae family, rearranges intracellular membranes to construct replication organelles composed primarily of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) which are morphologically similar to autophagosomes. Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), which is essential for HCV replication, induces DMV formation. Here, we report that NS5A triggers DMV formation through interactions with RACK1 and components of the vesicle nucleation complex acting at the early stage of autophagy. These results illustrate how a virus skews cellular machineries to utilize them for its replication by hijacking cellular proteins through protein-protein interactions. This research sheds light on the molecular basis of replication organelle formation by HCV and possibly other viruses employing organelles with DMV morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seung Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
| | - Keisuke Tabata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Woan-Ing Twu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Division of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
| | - Jin Bae Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
| | - Min Hyeok Jee
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sung Key Jang
- Division of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
- * E-mail:
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