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Song G, Zhang C, Yu X, Li J, Fan Q, Liu F, He Q, Shang C, Li X. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) triggers autophagy to enhance viral replication by activating the VPS34 complex. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106638. [PMID: 38574829 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in the lifecycle of viruses. However, there is currently a lack of systematic research on the relationship between Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) and autophagy. This study aims to investigate the impact of IBV on autophagy and the role of autophagy in viral replication. We observed that IBV infection increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, a marker of autophagy, decreased the expression of sequestosome 1, and led to elevated intracellular LC3 puncta levels. These findings suggest that IBV infection activates the autophagic process in cells. To investigate the impact of autophagy on the replication of IBV, we utilized rapamycin as an autophagy activator and 3-methyladenine as an autophagy inhibitor. Our results indicate that IBV promotes viral replication by inducing autophagy. Further investigation revealed that IBV induces autophagosome formation by inhibiting the mTOR-ULK1 pathway and activating the activity of vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34), autophagy-related gene 14, and the Beclin-1 complex. VPS34 plays a crucial role in this process, as inhibiting VPS34 protein activity enhances cell proliferation after IBV infection. Additionally, inhibiting VPS34 significantly improves the survival rate of IBV-infected chicks, suppresses IBV replication in the kidney, and alleviates tracheal, lung, and kidney damage caused by IBV infection. In summary, IBV infection can induce autophagy by modulating the mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway and activating the VPS34 complex, while autophagy serves to promote virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Song
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China; Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinlei Fan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghao He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Shang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
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Zhao Z, Lu K, Mao B, Liu S, Trilling M, Huang A, Lu M, Lin Y. The interplay between emerging human coronavirus infections and autophagy. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:196-205. [PMID: 33399028 PMCID: PMC7872537 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1872353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Following outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2002 and 2012, respectively, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third highly pathogenic emerging human coronavirus (hCoV). SARS-CoV-2 is currently causing the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. CoV infections in target cells may stimulate the formation of numerous double-membrane autophagosomes and induce autophagy. Several studies provided evidence that hCoV infections are closely related to various cellular aspects associated with autophagy. Autophagy may even promote hCoV infection and replication. However, so far it is unclear how hCoV infections induce autophagy and whether the autophagic machinery is necessary for viral propagation. Here, we summarize the most recent advances concerning the mutual interplay between the autophagic machinery and the three emerging hCoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 and the model system mouse hepatitis virus. We also discuss the applicability of approved and well-tolerated drugs targeting autophagy as a potential treatment against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binli Mao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases (Chinese Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Kumar S, Javed R, Mudd M, Pallikkuth S, Lidke KA, Jain A, Tangavelou K, Gudmundsson SR, Ye C, Rusten TE, Anonsen JH, Lystad AH, Claude-Taupin A, Simonsen A, Salemi M, Phinney B, Li J, Guo LW, Bradfute SB, Timmins GS, Eskelinen EL, Deretic V. Mammalian hybrid pre-autophagosomal structure HyPAS generates autophagosomes. Cell 2021; 184:5950-5969.e22. [PMID: 34741801 PMCID: PMC8616855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biogenesis of mammalian autophagosomes remains to be fully defined. Here, we used cellular and in vitro membrane fusion analyses to show that autophagosomes are formed from a hitherto unappreciated hybrid membrane compartment. The autophagic precursors emerge through fusion of FIP200 vesicles, derived from the cis-Golgi, with endosomally derived ATG16L1 membranes to generate a hybrid pre-autophagosomal structure, HyPAS. A previously unrecognized apparatus defined here controls HyPAS biogenesis and mammalian autophagosomal precursor membranes. HyPAS can be modulated by pharmacological agents whereas its formation is inhibited upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or by expression of SARS-CoV-2 nsp6. These findings reveal the origin of mammalian autophagosomal membranes, which emerge via convergence of secretory and endosomal pathways, and show that this process is targeted by microbial factors such as coronaviral membrane-modulating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ruheena Javed
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michal Mudd
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sandeep Pallikkuth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Keith A Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ashish Jain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karthikeyan Tangavelou
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Chunyan Ye
- Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | - Aurore Claude-Taupin
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomics Core, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Graham S Timmins
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Wu SY, Chen YL, Lee YR, Lin CF, Lan SH, Lan KY, Chu ML, Lin PW, Yang ZL, Chen YH, Wang WH, Liu HS. The Autophagosomes Containing Dengue Virus Proteins and Full-Length Genomic RNA Are Infectious. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102034. [PMID: 34696464 PMCID: PMC8540618 DOI: 10.3390/v13102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagic machinery is involved in selective and non-selective recruitment as well as degradation or exocytosis of cargoes, including pathogens. Dengue virus (DENV) infection induces autophagy that enhances virus replication and vesicle release to evade immune system surveillance. This study reveals that DENV2 induces autophagy in lung and liver cancer cells and showed that DENV2 capsid, envelope, NS1, NS3, NS4B and host cell proinflammatory high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) proteins associated with autophagosomes which were purified by gradient centrifugation. Capsid, NS1 and NS3 proteins showing high colocalization with LC3 protein in the cytoplasm of the infected cells were detected in the purified double-membrane autophagosome by immunogold labeling under transmission electron microscopy. In DENV infected cells, the levels of capsid, envelope, NS1 and HMGB1 proteins are not significantly changed compared to the dramatic accumulation of LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1 proteins when autophagic degradation was blocked by chloroquine, indicating that these proteins are not regulated by autophagic degradation machinery. We further demonstrated that purified autophagosomes were infectious when co-cultured with uninfected cells. Notably, these infectious autophagosomes contain DENV2 proteins, negative-strand and full-length genomic RNAs, but no viral particles. It is possible that the infectivity of the autophagosome originates from the full-length DENV RNA. Moreover, we reveal that DENV2 promotes HMGB1 exocytosis partially through secretory autophagy. In conclusion, we are the first to report that DENV2-induced double-membrane autophagosomes containing viral proteins and full-length RNAs are infectious and not undergoing autophagic degradation. Our novel finding warrants further validation of whether these intracellular vesicles undergo exocytosis to become infectious autophagic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ying Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (C.-F.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (C.-F.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hui Lan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (K.-Y.L.); (Z.-L.Y.)
| | - Kai-Ying Lan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (K.-Y.L.); (Z.-L.Y.)
| | - Man-Ling Chu
- Center for Cancer Research, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (M.-L.C.); (P.-W.L.)
| | - Pei-Wen Lin
- Center for Cancer Research, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (M.-L.C.); (P.-W.L.)
| | - Zong-Lin Yang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (K.-Y.L.); (Z.-L.Y.)
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.W.)
- Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.W.)
- Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (M.-L.C.); (P.-W.L.)
- Master of Science Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2378); Fax: +886-7-3222461
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Movaqar A, Yaghoubi A, Rezaee SAR, Jamehdar SA, Soleimanpour S. Coronaviruses construct an interconnection way with ERAD and autophagy. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:1135-1151. [PMID: 34468179 PMCID: PMC8412035 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses quickly became a pandemic or epidemic, affecting large numbers of humans, due to their structural features and also because of their impacts on intracellular communications. The knowledge of the intracellular mechanism of virus distribution could help understand the coronavirus's proper effects on different pathways that lead to the infections. They protect themselves from recognition and damage the infected cell by using an enclosed membrane through hijacking the autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathways. The present study is a comprehensive review of the coronavirus strategy in upregulating the communication network of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Movaqar
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Yaghoubi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - SA Rahim Rezaee
- Inflammation & Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid A Jamehdar
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Sharma V, Makhdoomi M, Singh L, Kumar P, Khan N, Singh S, Verma HN, Luthra K, Sarkar S, Kumar D. Trehalose limits opportunistic mycobacterial survival during HIV co-infection by reversing HIV-mediated autophagy block. Autophagy 2021; 17:476-495. [PMID: 32079455 PMCID: PMC7610453 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1725374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic bacterial infections amongst HIV-infected individuals contribute significantly to HIV-associated mortality. The role of HIV-mediated modulation of innate mechanisms like autophagy in promoting opportunistic infections, however, remains obscure. Here we show, HIV reactivation in or infection of macrophages inhibits autophagy and helps the survival of pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and nonpathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterial strains (NTMs). The HIV-mediated impairment of xenophagy flux facilitated bacterial survival. Activation of autophagy by trehalose could induce xenophagy flux and kill intracellular Mtb or NTMs either during single or co-infections. Trehalose, we delineate, activates PIKFYVE leading to TFEB nuclear translocation in MCOLN1-dependent manner to induce autophagy. Remarkably, trehalose significantly reduced HIV-p24 levels in ex-vivo-infected PBMCs or PBMCs from treatment-naive HIV patients and also controlled mycobacterial survival within Mtb-infected animals. To conclude, we report leveraging of HIV-mediated perturbed host innate-immunity by opportunistic bacterial pathogens and show an attractive therapeutic strategy for HIV and associated co-morbidities.Abbreviations: AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CFU: colony forming unit; CTSD: cathepsin D; CD63: CD63 molecule; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; FRET: Förster resonance energy transfer; GABARAP: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GLUT: glucose transporter; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; hMDMs: human monocyte derived macrophages; IL2: interleukin 2; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LC3B-II: lipidated microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; M6PR: mannose-6-phosphate receptor; NAC: N- acetyl- L -cysteine; NTM's: non-tuberculous mycobacteria; PBMC: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear cells; PIKFYVE: phosphoinositide kinase; FYVE-Type Zinc Finger; PHA: phytohemagglutinin; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PtdIns(3,5)P2: Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate; ptfLC3: pEGFP-mRFP-LC3; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SQSTM1: sequestosome1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; MCOLN1/TRPML1: mucolipin 1; PIP4P1/TMEM55B: Human trans-membrane Protein 55B; UVRAG: UV Radiation Resistance Associate; VPS35: vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 35; WDR45: WD repeat domain 45; YCAM: Yellow Chameleon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Sharma
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Muzamil Makhdoomi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshyaveer Singh
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Purnima Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nabab Khan
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarman Singh
- Division of Clinical Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - H N Verma
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Dong Y, Zhao J, Chen X, Liu M, Ren G, Lu T, Shao Y, Xu L. Autophagy induced by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus promotes its multiplication in the Chinook salmon embryo cell line CHSE-214. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 97:375-381. [PMID: 31874298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a common pathogen that causes huge economic losses for the salmonid aquaculture industry. Autophagy plays an important regulatory role in the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we explored the relationship between IPNV infection and autophagy in Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells using standard methods. Transmission electron microscopy showed that IPNV infection produced typical structures of autophagosomes in CHSE-214 cells. Transformation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II protein, a marker of autophagy, was observed in IPNV-infected cells using confocal fluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis. Western blotting also showed that expression of the autophagy substrate p62 was significantly decreased in IPNV-infected cells. The influence of autophagy on IPNV multiplication was further clarified with cell culture experiments using autophagy inducer rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Rapamycin promoted IPNV multiplication at both the nucleic acid and protein levels, which led to higher IPNV yields; 3-methyladenine treatment had the opposite effect. This study has demonstrated that IPNV can induce autophagy, and that autophagy promotes the multiplication of IPNV in CHSE-214 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Sciences Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China.
| | - Jingzhuang Zhao
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Technology Center of Wuhan Customs, Wuhan, 430050, PR China.
| | - Miao Liu
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Guangming Ren
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Tongyan Lu
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Yizhi Shao
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
| | - Liming Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Department of Aquaculture, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, PR China.
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Lee JS, Tabata K, Twu WI, Rahman MS, Kim HS, Yu JB, Jee MH, Bartenschlager R, Jang SK. RACK1 mediates rewiring of intracellular networks induced by hepatitis C virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008021. [PMID: 31525236 PMCID: PMC6762199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-strand RNA virus replicating in a membranous replication organelle composed primarily of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) having morphological resemblance to autophagosomes. To define the mechanism of DMV formation and the possible link to autophagy, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screening revealing 32 cellular proteins potentially interacting with HCV proteins. Among these was the Receptor for Activated Protein C Kinase 1 (RACK1), a scaffolding protein involved in many cellular processes, including autophagy. Depletion of RACK1 strongly inhibits HCV RNA replication without affecting HCV internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity. RACK1 is required for the rewiring of subcellular membranous structures and for the induction of autophagy. RACK1 binds to HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), which induces DMV formation. NS5A interacts with ATG14L in a RACK1 dependent manner, and with the ATG14L-Beclin1-Vps34-Vps15 complex that is required for autophagosome formation. Both RACK1 and ATG14L are required for HCV DMV formation and viral RNA replication. These results indicate that NS5A participates in the formation of the HCV replication organelle through interactions with RACK1 and ATG14L. All positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in distinct membrane-associated compartments designated replication organelles. The compartmentalization of viral replication machinery allows the enrichment and coordination of cellular and viral factors required for RNA replication and the evasion from innate host defense systems. Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a prototype member of the Flaviviridae family, rearranges intracellular membranes to construct replication organelles composed primarily of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) which are morphologically similar to autophagosomes. Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), which is essential for HCV replication, induces DMV formation. Here, we report that NS5A triggers DMV formation through interactions with RACK1 and components of the vesicle nucleation complex acting at the early stage of autophagy. These results illustrate how a virus skews cellular machineries to utilize them for its replication by hijacking cellular proteins through protein-protein interactions. This research sheds light on the molecular basis of replication organelle formation by HCV and possibly other viruses employing organelles with DMV morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seung Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
| | - Keisuke Tabata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Woan-Ing Twu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Division of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
| | - Jin Bae Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
| | - Min Hyeok Jee
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sung Key Jang
- Division of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, POSTECH, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Rep. of KOREA
- * E-mail:
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9
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Nombela I, Requena-Platek R, Morales-Lange B, Chico V, Puente-Marin S, Ciordia S, Mena MC, Coll J, Perez L, Mercado L, Ortega-Villaizan MDM. Rainbow Trout Red Blood Cells Exposed to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Up-Regulate Antigen-Processing Mechanisms and MHC I&II, CD86, and CD83 Antigen-presenting Cell Markers. Cells 2019; 8:E386. [PMID: 31035565 PMCID: PMC6562805 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleated teleost red blood cells (RBCs) are known to express molecules from the major histocompatibility complex and peptide-generating processes such as autophagy and proteasomes, but the role of RBCs in antigen presentation of viruses have not been studied yet. In this study, RBCs exposed ex vivo to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) were evaluated by means of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Genes and proteins related to antigen presentation molecules, proteasome degradation, and autophagy were up-regulated. VHSV induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in ex vivo VHSV-exposed RBCs and showed at the same time a decrease of proteasome activity. Furthermore, induction of autophagy was detected by evaluating LC3 protein levels. Sequestosome-1/p62 underwent degradation early after VHSV exposure, and it may be a link between ubiquitination and autophagy activation. Inhibition of autophagosome degradation with niclosamide resulted in intracellular detection of N protein of VHSV (NVHSV) and p62 accumulation. In addition, antigen presentation cell markers, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I & II, CD83, and CD86, increased at the transcriptional and translational level in rainbow trout RBCs exposed to VHSV. In summary, we show that nucleated rainbow trout RBCs can degrade VHSV while displaying an antigen-presenting cell (APC)-like profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nombela
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Requena-Platek
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Byron Morales-Lange
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, 2373223 Valparaiso, Chile.
| | - Veronica Chico
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Sara Puente-Marin
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB- CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Carmen Mena
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB- CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Coll
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Perez
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
| | - Luis Mercado
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, 2373223 Valparaiso, Chile.
| | - Maria Del Mar Ortega-Villaizan
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela U. Gack
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Wang L, Kim JY, Liu HM, Lai MMC, Ou JHJ. HCV-induced autophagosomes are generated via homotypic fusion of phagophores that mediate HCV RNA replication. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006609. [PMID: 28931085 PMCID: PMC5621699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces autophagy to promote its replication, including its RNA replication, which can take place on double-membrane vesicles known as autophagosomes. However, how HCV induces the biogenesis of autophagosomes and how HCV RNA replication complex may be assembled on autophagosomes were largely unknown. During autophagy, crescent membrane structures known as phagophores first appear in the cytoplasm, which then progress to become autophagosomes. By conducting electron microscopy and in vitro membrane fusion assay, we found that phagophores induced by HCV underwent homotypic fusion to generate autophagosomes in a process dependent on the SNARE protein syntaxin 7 (STX7). Further analyses by live-cell imaging and fluorescence microscopy indicated that HCV-induced phagophores originated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Interestingly, comparing with autophagy induced by nutrient starvation, the progression of phagophores to autophagosomes induced by HCV took significantly longer time, indicating fundamental differences in the biogenesis of autophagosomes induced by these two different stimuli. As the knockdown of STX7 to inhibit the formation of autophagosomes did not affect HCV RNA replication, and purified phagophores could mediate HCV RNA replication, the assembly of the HCV RNA replication complex on autophagosomes apparently took place during the formative stage of phagophores. These findings provided important information for understanding how HCV controlled and modified this important cellular pathway for its own replication. Autophagy is a catabolic process that is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. During autophagy, crescent membrane structures known as phagophores first appear in the cytoplasm, which then expand to form enclosed double-membrane vesicles known as autophagosomes. It has been shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces autophagy and uses autophagosomal membranes for its RNA replication. In this report, we studied the biogenesis pathway of HCV-induced autophagosomes and demonstrated that phagophores induced by HCV originated from the endoplasmic reticulum and undergo homotypic fusion to generate autophagosomes, and that the HCV RNA replication complex is assembled on phagophores prior to the formation of autophagosomes. These findings provided important information for understanding how an RNA virus controls this important cellular pathway for its replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linya Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ja Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Helene Minyi Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael M. C. Lai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Research Center for Emerging Viruses, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-hsiung James Ou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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