1
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Verheyden NA, Klostermann M, Brüggemann M, Steede HM, Scholz A, Amr S, Lichtenthaeler C, Münch C, Schmid T, Zarnack K, Krueger A. A high-resolution map of functional miR-181 response elements in the thymus reveals the role of coding sequence targeting and an alternative seed match. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae416. [PMID: 38783381 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators in many biological processes. They act by guiding RNA-induced silencing complexes to miRNA response elements (MREs) in target mRNAs, inducing translational inhibition and/or mRNA degradation. Functional MREs are expected to predominantly occur in the 3' untranslated region and involve perfect base-pairing of the miRNA seed. Here, we generate a high-resolution map of miR-181a/b-1 (miR-181) MREs to define the targeting rules of miR-181 in developing murine T cells. By combining a multi-omics approach with computational high-resolution analyses, we uncover novel miR-181 targets and demonstrate that miR-181 acts predominantly through RNA destabilization. Importantly, we discover an alternative seed match and identify a distinct set of targets with repeat elements in the coding sequence which are targeted by miR-181 and mediate translational inhibition. In conclusion, deep profiling of MREs in primary cells is critical to expand physiologically relevant targetomes and establish context-dependent miRNA targeting rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Verheyden
- Molecular Immunology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Melina Klostermann
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences & Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirko Brüggemann
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences & Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hanna M Steede
- Molecular Immunology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Anica Scholz
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shady Amr
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chiara Lichtenthaeler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences & Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Molecular Immunology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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2
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Olson WJ, Derudder E. The miR-142 miRNAs: Shaping the naïve immune system. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:37-46. [PMID: 37459958 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunity in a naïve organism is tightly controlled. Adequate proportions of the many immune cell subsets must be produced to mount efficient responses to eventual challenges. In addition, a functioning immune system is highly dynamic at steady state. Mature immune cells must be positioned properly and/or circulate to facilitate the detection of dangers. They must also be poised to promptly react to unusual encounters, while ignoring innocuous germs and self. Numerous regulatory mechanisms act at the molecular level to generate such an exquisite structure, including miRNA-mediated repression of protein synthesis. Notably, the miRNAs from the miR-142 locus are preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. Their importance is underscored by the deeply disturbed immune system seen upon inactivation of the locus in mice. In this review, we explore reported roles for the miR-142 miRNAs in the shaping of immunity in vertebrates, discussing in particular their contributions to the generation, migration and survival of hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Olson
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emmanuel Derudder
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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3
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Morelli E, Fulciniti M, Samur MK, Ribeiro CF, Wert-Lamas L, Henninger JE, Gullà A, Aktas-Samur A, Todoerti K, Talluri S, Park WD, Federico C, Scionti F, Amodio N, Bianchi G, Johnstone M, Liu N, Gramegna D, Maisano D, Russo NA, Lin C, Tai YT, Neri A, Chauhan D, Hideshima T, Shammas MA, Tassone P, Gryaznov S, Young RA, Anderson KC, Novina CD, Loda M, Munshi NC. A MIR17HG-derived long noncoding RNA provides an essential chromatin scaffold for protein interaction and myeloma growth. Blood 2023; 141:391-405. [PMID: 36126301 PMCID: PMC10082365 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can drive tumorigenesis and are susceptible to therapeutic intervention. Here, we used a large-scale CRISPR interference viability screen to interrogate cell-growth dependency to lncRNA genes in multiple myeloma (MM) and identified a prominent role for the miR-17-92 cluster host gene (MIR17HG). We show that an MIR17HG-derived lncRNA, named lnc-17-92, is the main mediator of cell-growth dependency acting in a microRNA- and DROSHA-independent manner. Lnc-17-92 provides a chromatin scaffold for the functional interaction between c-MYC and WDR82, thus promoting the expression of ACACA, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo lipogenesis acetyl-coA carboxylase 1. Targeting MIR17HG pre-RNA with clinically applicable antisense molecules disrupts the transcriptional and functional activities of lnc-17-92, causing potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo in 3 preclinical animal models, including a clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft NSG mouse model. This study establishes a novel oncogenic function of MIR17HG and provides potent inhibitors for translation to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Morelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mehmet K. Samur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Caroline F. Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Leon Wert-Lamas
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jon E. Henninger
- Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Annamaria Gullà
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anil Aktas-Samur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Katia Todoerti
- Department of Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Srikanth Talluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Woojun D. Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cinzia Federico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Megan Johnstone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Doriana Gramegna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Domenico Maisano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicola A. Russo
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche “G. Salvatore,” Biogem s.c.ar.l., Avellino, Italy
| | - Charles Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Dharminder Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Masood A. Shammas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Richard A. Young
- Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carl D. Novina
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Nikhil C. Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
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4
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Kaloni D, Diepstraten ST, Strasser A, Kelly GL. BCL-2 protein family: attractive targets for cancer therapy. Apoptosis 2023; 28:20-38. [PMID: 36342579 PMCID: PMC9950219 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. The BCL-2 protein family members play important roles in controlling apoptotic cell death. Abnormal over-expression of pro-survival BCL-2 family members or abnormal reduction of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, both resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis, are frequently detected in diverse malignancies. The critical role of the pro-survival and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in the regulation of apoptosis makes them attractive targets for the development of agents for the treatment of cancer. This review describes the roles of the various pro-survival and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 protein family in normal development and organismal function and how defects in the control of apoptosis promote the development and therapy resistance of cancer. Finally, we discuss the development of inhibitors of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins, termed BH3-mimetic drugs, as novel agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Kaloni
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Sarah T Diepstraten
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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5
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Krueger A, Łyszkiewicz M, Heissmeyer V. Post-transcriptional control of T-cell development in the thymus. Immunol Lett 2022; 247:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Borbet TC, Hines MJ, Koralov SB. MicroRNA regulation of B cell receptor signaling. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:111-125. [PMID: 34523719 PMCID: PMC8616848 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes play a central role in host immune defense. B cell receptor (BCR) signaling regulates survival, proliferation, and differentiation of B lymphocytes. Signaling through the BCR signalosome is a multi-component cascade that is tightly regulated and is important in the coordination of B cell differentiation and function. At different stages of development, B cells that have BCRs recognizing self are eliminated to prevent autoimmunity. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that contribute to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and have been shown to orchestrate cell fate decisions through the regulation of lineage-specific transcriptional profiles. Studies have identified miRNAs to be crucial for B cell development in the bone marrow and their subsequent population of the peripheral immune system. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs in the regulation of BCR signaling as it pertains to B lymphocyte development and function. In particular, we discuss the most recent studies describing the role of miRNAs in the regulation of both early B cell development and peripheral B cell responses and examine the ways by which miRNAs regulate signal downstream of B cell antigen receptor to prevent aberrant activation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Borbet
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016
| | - Marcus J. Hines
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016
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7
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Froehlich JJ, Uyar B, Herzog M, Theil K, Glažar P, Akalin A, Rajewsky N. Parallel genetics of regulatory sequences using scalable genome editing in vivo. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108988. [PMID: 33852857 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
How regulatory sequences control gene expression is fundamental for explaining phenotypes in health and disease. Regulatory elements must ultimately be understood within their genomic environment and development- or tissue-specific contexts. Because this is technically challenging, few regulatory elements have been characterized in vivo. Here, we use inducible Cas9 and multiplexed guide RNAs to create hundreds of mutations in enhancers/promoters and 3' UTRs of 16 genes in C. elegans. Our software crispr-DART analyzes indel mutations in targeted DNA sequencing. We quantify the impact of mutations on expression and fitness by targeted RNA sequencing and DNA sampling. When applying our approach to the lin-41 3' UTR, generating hundreds of mutants, we find that the two adjacent binding sites for the miRNA let-7 can regulate lin-41 expression independently of each other. Finally, we map regulatory genotypes to phenotypic traits for several genes. Our approach enables parallel analysis of regulatory sequences directly in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Froehlich
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bora Uyar
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margareta Herzog
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Theil
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petar Glažar
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Altuna Akalin
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Shvedova M, Kobayashi T. MicroRNAs in cartilage development and dysplasia. Bone 2020; 140:115564. [PMID: 32745689 PMCID: PMC7502492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally suppress gene expression. MiRNAs expressed in skeletal progenitor cells and chondrocytes regulate diverse aspects of cellular function and thus skeletal development. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in skeletal development, particularly focusing on those whose physiological roles were revealed in vivo. Deregulation of miRNAs is found in multiple acquired diseases such as cancer; however congenital diseases caused by mutations in miRNA genes are very rare. Among those are mutations in miR-140 and miR-17~92 miRNAs which cause skeletal dysplasias. We also discuss pathological mechanisms underlining these skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shvedova
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Kunze-Schumacher H, Krueger A. The Role of MicroRNAs in Development and Function of Regulatory T Cells - Lessons for a Better Understanding of MicroRNA Biology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2185. [PMID: 33013919 PMCID: PMC7509487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical posttranscriptional regulators of the immune system, including function and development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Although this critical role has been firmly demonstrated through genetic models, key mechanisms of miRNA function in vivo remain elusive. Here, we review the role of miRNAs in Treg cell development and function. In particular, we focus on the question what the study of miRNAs in this context reveals about miRNA biology in general, including context-dependent function and the role of individual targets vs. complex co-targeting networks. In addition, we highlight potential technical pitfalls and state-of-the-art approaches to improve the mechanistic understanding of miRNA biology in a physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Zhao Z, Zheng J, Ye Y, Zhao K, Wang R, Wang R. MicroRNA‑25‑3p regulates human nucleus pulposus cell proliferation and apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting Bim. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3621-3628. [PMID: 32901887 PMCID: PMC7533515 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a degenerative disease of the spine originating from the intervertebral disc. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a group of endogenous small non‑coding RNAs that act on target genes and play a critical role in numerous biological processes. However, the underlying mechanism of miR‑25‑3p in IDD remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of miR‑25‑3p in the pathogenesis of IDD. The results demonstrated that miR‑25‑3p was downregulated in rat degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and that Bcl‑2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) was a direct target of miR‑25‑3p. Next, to investigate the effect of miR‑25‑3p on normal NP cell proliferation and apoptosis, NP cells were transfected with an miR‑25‑3p inhibitor, a negative control of miR‑25‑3p inhibitor, miR‑25‑3p inhibitor + control‑small interference RNA (siRNA) or miR‑25‑3p inhibitor + Bim‑siRNA for 48 h and cell proliferation and apoptosis were then analyzed. The results demonstrated that the miR‑25‑3p inhibitor could decrease NP cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis, and these effects were reversed by Bim‑siRNA. In addition, an in vitro cell model of IDD was established by subjecting NP cells to 10 ng/ml interleukin (IL)‑1β for 24 h. Further experiments suggested that IL‑1β treatment induced a reduction in NP cell proliferation and an increase in cell apoptosis, which were prevented by the miR‑25‑3p mimic. All the effects of miR‑25‑3p mimic on IL‑1β‑treated NP cells were significantly reversed by Bim upregulation. These findings suggested that miR‑25‑3p may be a novel therapeutic target for IDD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 903 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 903 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Youchen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 903 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 903 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Ruozhang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 903 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 903 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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11
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MicroRNA miR-181-A Rheostat for TCR Signaling in Thymic Selection and Peripheral T-Cell Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176200. [PMID: 32867301 PMCID: PMC7503384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of T cells during intra-thymic d evelopment is crucial to obtain a functional and simultaneously not self-reactive peripheral T cell repertoire. However, selection is a complex process dependent on T cell receptor (TCR) thresholds that remain incompletely understood. In peripheral T cells, activation, clonal expansion, and contraction of the active T cell pool, as well as other processes depend on TCR signal strength. Members of the microRNA (miRNA) miR-181 family have been shown to be dynamically regulated during T cell development as well as dependent on the activation stage of T cells. Indeed, it has been shown that expression of miR-181a leads to the downregulation of multiple phosphatases, implicating miR-181a as ‘‘rheostat’’ of TCR signaling. Consistently, genetic models have revealed an essential role of miR-181a/b-1 for the generation of unconventional T cells as well as a function in tuning TCR sensitivity in peripheral T cells during aging. Here, we review these broad roles of miR-181 family members in T cell function via modulating TCR signal strength.
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12
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The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine as a novel regulator of the immune system. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:501-512. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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